HomeMy Public PortalAboutGolf Commission Packet 10.20.20MEETING NOTICE
TOWN OF BREWSTER
GOLF COMMISSION
Location: Remote Participation Only
Date: October 20, 2020
Time: 4:00 PM
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This meeting will be conducted by remote participation pursuant to Governor Baker's March
2020 orders suspending certain Open Meeting Law provisions and imposing limits on public gatherings. No
in-person meeting attendance will be permitted. If the Town is unable to live broadcast this meeting, a
record of the proceedings will be provided on the Town website as soon as possible. The Town has
established specific email addresses for each board and committee so the public can submit comments
either before or during the meeting. To submit public comment or questions to the Golf Commission,
please email: olfcommission brewster-ma. ov. To view the:
• Live broadcast: Tune to Brewster Government TV Channel 18
• Livestream: Go to www.livestream.brewster-ma.eov
• Audio/video recording: Go to www.tv.brewster-ma.eov
AGENDA
• Call to Order
• Superintendent's Report (Colin Walsh)
• Director's Report (Mark O'Brien/Jay Packett)
• Revised Financial Forecast
• FY2022 Budget
• 2021 Rates
• Course Operations Questions and Concerns
• Questions and comments from Associations (Donna Potts, Rob Harris, Sarah Robinson)
and Liaisons
Mark O'Brien
Director of Operations
Colin Walsh
Course Superintendent
Golf Commission
Anne O'Connell
Chair
Andrea Johnson
Vice Chair
Carl Blanchard
John Kissida
Wyn Morton
Jeff Odell
David Valcourt
The Captains Golf Course
1000 Freeman Way
Brewster, MA 02631
(508)896-1716
www.CaptainsGolfCourse.com
• Update on Captains Golf Course contribution to reduction of nitrogen in Pleasant Bay
watershed (Mark O'Brien)
• Refund Requests (Anne O'Connell) _
• Revised Refund Policy (Andrea Johnson)
• Update Consultant's Study (Mark O'Brien)
• Update Irrigation Study (John Kissida)
• Update Maintenance Building Study (Carl Blanchard)
• Update on Solar Project (Anne O'Connell)
• Topics the Chair did not reasonably anticipate
• Future Agenda Items and Meetings (11/17, 12/8, 12/22)
• Adjourn
Date Posted: Date Revised:
Received by Town Clerk:
Part-time Maintenance
Full-time Administrative
Part-time Administrative
Overtime
Longevity
Contractual Obligations
SUBTOTAL
GENERAL EXPENSES
Clothing Maintenance
Clothing -Administrative
Oil/Grease-Maintenance
Diesel Fuel
Heating -Maintenance_
Heating -Clubhouse
G a so I i ne-Maintenance
Electrici -Maintenance
Electricity Clubhouse
Electric0y-Irri ation
Electricity/ -Driving Range
R & M Equipment
_R & M Irriqation
Professional/Technical
Phones Clubhouse
Alarm -Maintenance
Alarm -Clubhouse
Office Supplies -Admin.
Score Cards
Tee &
Topsoil & Sand
Fertilizer
Fungicide
Insecticides
Soil Amendments
Riding Cart Lease
Cibhse Furnish/Repair _
Credit Card Expense _
In State Travel-Maint.
Meeti rug sf Travel -Mai nt.
M eeti ng s/Tra vet -Admin.
Dues Subscripts-Maint.
Dues Subscripts -Admin.
Adverts/MarkUPromo
OSHA Training
Environmental Monitoring
isfer to OPEB
Shop Purchases
Indirect Costs
Life Insurance
Unemployment
Health Insurance
Insurance
BUDGET STATUS rev. 9/30/20
FY 2021
i °� of
Expended thru Budget Expended thru
September Budget_ Balance 1 Spent September
$ 115,892.15
$
595,164.00
$
479,271.85
19.5%
$
$ 86,818.72:
$
305,271.00
_
$
218,452.2_8
28.4%
$
$ 56,220.61
$
276,534.00
$
220,313.39
_
20.3%
$
$ 79,579.50
_ $
198,536.00
$
118,956.50
40.1%
$
$ 23,657.12
$
47,638.00
$
23,980.88
49.7%
$
$ 4,500.00
$
18,072.00
$
13,572.00
24.9%
$
$ -
$
42,208.00
$
42,208.00
0.0%
$
$ 366,668.10
$1,483,423.00
$
$1,116,754.90
24.7°/
$
$ 1,165.66
22,000.00
$
11,460.32
47.9%
13.7%
$
$
8,500.00
$
7,334.34
$ _ ..�
$
2,000.00
$
2;000.00
0.0%
_$
$
$ -_
L$
3,000.00
$
3,000.00
0.0%
$
$ 1,790.51
1 $
10,000.00
$
102.51
17.9%
_$
1
$ 28.31
$
3,000.00
$
_8,209.4_9
2,971.69
0.9%
$
$ 1,290.19
$
11,000.00
$
9,709.81
11.7%
$
$ 1,919.43
$
8,500.00
$
6,580.57
22.6%
$
$ 1,415.27
$
6,000.00
$
4,584.73
23.6%
$
$ 13,880.04
$
36,000.00
$
22,119.96
38.6%
$
$ 12,058.49
$
22,000.00
$
9,941.51
54.8%
$
$ 1,402.93
$
4,000.00
$
2,597.07
_
35.1%
$
$ 24,921.17
$
80,000.00
$
55,078.83
31.2%
$
$ 1,068.95
_$
35,000.00
$
33931.05
3.1%
$
$ 1,597.57
$
4,500.00
$
2,902.43
3_5._56
$
$ _95.16
1 $
600.00
$
504.84
15.9%
$
$ 150.50
$
850.00
$
699.50
17.7%
$
$ 963.40
$
1,100.00
$
136.60
_
87.6%
$
$ 672.00
$
1,100.00
_
$
428.00
61.1%
$
$ 3,004.88
$
9,000.00
$
5,995.12
33.4%
$
$ 1,935.50
$
3,600.00
$
1,664.50
53.8%
$
$ _ 5,312.32
_
$
8,000.00
$
2,687.68
66A%
$
$ 4,777.43
$
8,000.00
$
3,222.57
59.7%
$
$ 1,784.40
~
$
7,000.00
$
5,215.60
25.5%
$
$ 894.01
$
500.00
$
394.01'
178.8%
$
$ 6,377.60
$
20,000.00
$
$
13,622.40
31.9%
$
$ 7,007.75
$
26,000.00
_$
$
18,992.25
27.0%
$
$ 8,717.50
$
20,000.00
$
11,282.50
43.6%
$
$
_8,000.00
$
8,000.00
0.0%
$
$
5,000.00
$
5,000.00
0.0%
$
$ 6,000.13
$
30,000.00
$
23,999.87
20.0%
$
$ 1,216.80
$
_
80,000.00
$
78,783.20
1.5%
$
$ 62,257.38
$
110,000.00
$
47,742.62
56.6%
$
$ -
$
15,000.00
$
15,000.00
0.0%
$
$ 24,619.20
$
_
50,000.00
$
25,380.80
49.2%
$
$ 74,000.00111,000.00
$
37,000.00
66.7%
$
$ 28,543.31
$
40,000.00
$
11,456.69
71.4%
$
$ 32,729.09
$
57,000.00 1
$
24,270.91
5_7.4%
$
$ -
$
-450.061
$
450.00
0.0%
$
_$ _
$
2,000.00
$
2,000.00
0.0%
$
$
$
500.00 ,
$
500.00
O.W.
$
$ -
$
1,520.00
$
1,520.00
0.0%
$
FY 2020
% of
Budget
Budget Balance Spent
140,099.41
$ 616,957.00
$ 476,857.59
22.7%
93,705.95
$ 301,767.00
$ 208,061.05
31.1%
58,159.26
$ 253,962.00
$ 195,802.74
22.9%
88,686.80
$ 209,623.00
$ 120,936.20
42.3%
19,802.74
$ 47,638.00
$ 27,835.26
41.6%
4,350.00
$ 17,206.00
$ 12,856.00
25.3%
49.00
$ -
$ -
#DIV/0!
404,804.16 $1,447,153.00 $1,042,348.84 28.0%
1,924.49
$
8,500.00
$
6,575.51
22.6%
-
$
2,000.00
_
$
2,000.00
0.0%
936.00
$
3,000.00
$
2,064.00
31.2%
4,003.90
$
13,500.00
$
9,496.10
29.7%
49.00
$
_ 3,000.00
$
2,951.00
1.6%
1,553.30
$
11,000.00
$
9,446.70
14.1%
3,492.97
$
11,500.00
$
8,007.03
30.4%
864.68
$
6,000.00
$
5,135.32
14`4°/
15,564.68
$
36,000.00
$
20,435.32
43.2%
10,539.68
$
22,000.00
$
11,460.32
47.9%
1,774.31
$
4,000.00
$
2,225.69
44.4%
14,34.63
$
75,000.00
$
60,165.37
19.8%
2,959.84
$
30,000.00
_
$
27,040.16
9.9%
61.38
$
4,500.00
$
4,438.62
1.4%
102.51
$
600.00
$
497.49
17.1%
157.95
$
_ 850.00
$
692.05
18.6°
963.40
$
1,100.00
$
136.60
87.6%
672.00
$
2,000.00
$
1,328.00
33.6%
_5,745.01
$
9,000.00
$
3,254.99
63.8%
$
3,600.00
$
3,600.00
0.0%
5,290.88
$
8,000.00
$
2,709.12
66.1 %
5,060.46
1 $
8,000.00
$
2,939.54
63.3%
2,236.35
$
_ 7,000.00
$
4,763.65
31.9%
39.80
$
500.00
$
460.20
8.0%
7,410.42
$
16,000.00
$
8,589.58
46.3%
4,824.79
$
22,500.00
$
17,675.21
21.4%
3,360.75 $
_ 25,000.00
$
21,639.25
13.4%
755.70
$
8,0_00.00
$
7,244.30
9.4%
-
$
5,000.00
$
0.0%
3,102.36
$
30,000.00
_ __5,000.00
$
26,897.64
10.3%
34,499.00
_ $
80,000.00
$
45,501.00
43.1%
3,863.52
$
135,000.00
$
131,136.481
2.9%
2,580.32
$
15,000.00
$
12,419.68
17.2%
17,127.13
$
50,000.00
$
32,872.87
34.3%
79,990.40
$
126,000.00.
$
46,009.60 ^
63.5%
9,273.16
$
30,000.00
$
20,726.84
30.9%
25,931.12
1.$
50,000.00
$
24,068.88 .
51.9%
-
$
450.00
$
450.00
0.0%
$
2,000.00
500.00
$
$
2,000.00
500.00
0.0%
0.0%
$ 1,080.00 $
2,300.00
$ 1,220.00
47.0%
$ 1,620.00
$_ 2,300.1
$ _ 5,167.12__$
30,000.00
$ 24,832.88
17.2%
$ 7,495.58
$ 35,000.1
$ - $
2,500.00
$ 2,500.00
0.0%
$ -
$
$ $
2,700.00
$ 2,700.00
0.0%
_
$
$
$ 339,844-00 $
887.220.00
E 547.376.00
3A_3 %
S 9An Rai d7
s and o -1n i
$
_ $
$ 17,277.00
$
$
37,684.44
$ 200,000.00
$
_17,277.00
162,315.56
_ $
-
$ 110,000.00
$
110,000.00
.I $
114,967.00
$ 114,967.00
$
0% $
$
138.09
$ 591.00
_
$
452.911
$
-
$ 54,000.00
$
54,000.00
$
80,021.75
$ 282,454.00
$
202,432.25_
$
336,592.97
$ 22,000.00
$
22,000.001
_L$
11,439.00
$_ 16,000.00
$
4,561.00
$
71,827.21
$ 75,080.00
$
3,252.79
$
240,553.00
L 240,553.00
$
-
$
556,630.49
$1,132,922.00
$
576,291.51
0%I $ - : $ $
19%1$ 49,993.06: $ 230,000.00 $
0% $_
_ $
$
100% $
i.$
- $
23% $
147.75
$
591.00 $
0% $
-
_
$
_
54,000.00 $
28% $
60,980.75
_$
269,589.00 $
0% $
8,843.41
$
21,500.00 $
71% $
$$
96% $
$
$
100"/o $
216,628.00
$
216,628.00 $
49% $
336,592.97
$
792,308.00 $
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GOLF DEPARTMENT - DRAFT FY 2022 BUDGET - rev 10/17/20
EXPENDED EXPENDED EXPENDED EXPENDED BUDGETED REQUESTED
FY2017 FY2018 I FY2019 FY2020 FY2021 FY2022
Maintenance
$
547,282
$ 563,501
Maintenance
$
223,099
$ 240,563
administrative
} $
232,625
$ 238,714
Administrative
$
225,675
$ 223,655
$ 44,033
I $
45,146
$ 49,044
$ 16,525
$
16,859
$ 15,902
rlObligations
$
$ 42,208
$
L
$ 1,290,686
$ 1,331,380
$ 573,351
$ 588,859
$ 595,164
$ 606
$ 280,357
$ 221,794
$ 305,271
$ 315
$ 245,278
$ 253462
$ 276,534
$ Z68-
$ 206,468
$ 161,572
$ 198,536
$ 213
$ 44,033
$ 41,237
$ 47,638
$ 50
$ 16,525
$ 17,299
$- 18,072
$ 17
$
$
$ 42,208
$ 42
$ 1,366,012
$ 1,284,724
$ 1,483,423
$ 1,533
GENERAL EXPENSES
i
Clothing -Maintenance
$
7,453
$
9,085
$ 10,357
_ $
8,766 $ 8,500
$
9,000
Clothing -Administrative
$
-
$
1,657
$
$
-
$
2,000
$
4,000
Oil/Grease-Maintenance
$
1,474
$
2,142
$ 4,104
$
2,628
$
3,000
$
3,000
Diesel Fuel
$
9,086
$
12,033
$ 14 ,759
$
12,493
$
10,000
$
13,000
Heating -Maintenance
$
2,355
$
2,992
$ 2,909
$
2,440
$
3,000
$
3,000
Heating -Clubhouse
$
11,261
$
11,264
$ 11,933
$
9,048
$
11,000
$
12,000
Gasoline -Maintenance
$
7,195
_ $
11,796
$ 72,245
$
10,112
$
8,500
$
13,000
Elactriciry-Maintenance
$
9,423
$
6,481
$ 5,291
$
4,905
$
6,000
$
6,000
Electricity -Clubhouse
$
43,087.
$
36,459
$ 36,191
$
31,131
$
36,000
$
36,000
Electricity -Irrigation
$
27,985
$
_21,434
$ 20,661
$
19,152
$
22,000
$
22,000
Electricity -Driving Range
$
6,779
$
3,824
$ 3,669
$
$
4,000
$
4,000
R & M Equipment
$
72,346
$
90,095
__
$ 80,149
__3,439
$
71,672
$
80,000
$
80,000
R & M Irrigation
$
61,244
$
39,280
$ 31,904
$
_
19,388
$
35,000
$
35,000
Professional/Technical
$
1,778
$
3,352
$ 3,842
$
5,083
$
4,500
$
5,000
Phone -Maintenance
$
636
$
668
$ 628
$
630
$
600
$
700
Phone -Clubhouse
$
966
$
$ 912 1
$
911
$
850
$
900
Alarm -Maintenance
$
1,141
$
_980
1,084
$ 1,454 1
$
963
$
1,100
$
1,100
Alarm -Clubhouse
$
4,525
$
5,746
$ 5,367
$
672
$
1,100
$
1,100
Office Supplies -Admin.
$
8,346
$
9,116
$ 8,705
$
10,087
$
9,000
$
9,000
Score Cards
$
3,480
$
3,220
$ 3,859
$
1,610
$
_
3,600
$
4,000
Maintenance Supplies
$
8,876
$
10,582
$ 12,206
$
7,698
$
8,000
$
9,000
Range Supplies
$
10,061
$
7,646
$ 9,362
$
6,292
$
8,000
$
13,000
Computer Services
$
7,173
$
6,676
$ 6,860
$
7,648
$
7,000
$
8,000
Office Supplies-Maint.
$
409
$
375.1
$ 210
$
693
$
500
$
500
Custodial Supplies/Services
$
6,577
$
10,899 I
$ 19,320
$
17,164
$
20,000
$
35,000
Rubbish Rem_ oval/Sanit.
$
15,421
$
19,886
$ 23,613
$
19,778
$
26,000
$
26,000
Seed & Sod
$
35,383
$
24,061
$ 12,388
$
_
17,618
$
20,000
$
25,000
Tee & Green
$
8,419
$4,708
$ 11,269 1I
$_
2,292
f $
8,000
$
12,000
Landscaping
$
2,957
$
3,633
$ 4,407
$
907
$
5,000
$
5,000
Topsoil & Sand
$
22,291
$_
57,659
$ 27,427
$
25,064_7$__
30,000
$
30,000
Fertilizer
$
72,922
$_
88,862
$ 77,784
$
65,762
$
80,000
$
80,000
Fungicide
$
129,432
$_
94,907
$ 99,220
$
21,640
$
110,000
$
110,000
Insecticides
$
11,784
$
10,347
$ 14,857 .
$
2,580
$
15,000
$
15,000
Soil Amendments
$
55,312
$
43,865
$ 51,894.
$
62,709
$
50,000__$
55,000
RidinCart Lease
$
119,986
$
119,986
$ 119,986
$
118,271
$
111,000
$
1_11,000
Clbhse Fumish/Repair
$
35,416
$
56,343
$ 31,015
$
30,979
$
40,000
$
30,000
Credit Card Expense
$
46,496
$
46,461
$ 48,924
$
56,231
$
57,000
$
In State Travel-Maint
$
705
$
-
$ 677
$
702
$
450
$
_55,000
450
Meetin el-Maint.
sg !Trav
$
858
$
1,404
$ 1,125
$
252
$
2,000
$
_
2,000
Meetings/Travel-Admin.
$
199
$
537
$ 316
$
124
$
500
$
500
Dues Subsc' ts-Maint.
$
1,356
$
2,525
$ 740
$
226-5
$
1,520
$
1,6DO
Dues Subscrpts-Admin. _
$
2,255
$
2,518
$ 2,270
$
2,270
$
2,300
$
2,500
Adverts/MarktlPromo
$
67,173
$
31,374
$ 22,554
$ 19,554
$
30,000
$
50,00_0
OSHA Training
Environmental Monitoring
$
$
2,500
2,700
$
$
2,500
3,000
TOTAL OPERATING EXP.
_ $
942,021
$
917,958
$ 857,361
$
701,565
$
887,220
$
943,850
PRO SHOP PURCHASES
$
200,_ 000
$
230,000
FRINGE BENEFITS
" -
L'rfe Insurance
$
-591
$
600
Unemployment
_
$
54,000
$
55,000
Health Insurance
_
�
$
282,454
$
300,000
Medicare Tax_
$
22,000
$
22,000
Retirement/Pension
$
240,553
$
250,000
TOTAL FRINGE BENEFITS
$
599,598
$
627,600
CAPITAL
$
110,000
$
WORKERS COMPENSATION
_
_ _
$
16,000
$
16,000
PROPERTY INSURANCE
$
75,080
$
80,000
OPEB
T
$
$
18,000
INDIRECT COSTS _ _
$
_17,277
114,967
$
120,000
EXPENSE BUDGET TOTAL $ 2,020,142 $ 2,035,450
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Onsite Visit Report
The Captains Golf Course
Brewster, Massachusetts
Visit Date: June 30 2020
Present:
Mr. Mark O'Brien, Captains Golf Course Director of Operations, Town of Brewster
Mr. Mark Nelson, Principal, Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
Mr. Chris Miller, Director of Natural Resources, Town of Brewster
Mr. Tom Flynn, Assistant Golf Course Superintendent, Town of Brewster
Mr. Dwight Wiggin, Assistant Golf Course Superintendent, Town of Brewster
Mr. Steve Mann, Independent Consultant, Former Superintendent at The Captains Golf Course
Mr. Paul M. Jacobs, USGA Green Section
United States Golf Association
Paul M. Jacobs, Agronomist I Green Section I Northeast Region
1631 Main St., 2nd Floor I Hellertown, PA 18055
(C) 734-642-5927 j (0) 610-515-1660 1 Piacobs(a)usga_org
The USGA Green Section develops and disseminates sustainable management practices that
produce better playing conditions for better golf.
Executive Summary
It was great to make a half-day Course Consulting Service visit to The Captains Golf Course on June
30, 2020. This visit was a follow-up to our conference call that was held earlier this year in May. The
primary purpose of the visit was to evaluate the golf course and determine opportunities to reduce
nitrogen fertility inputs on the golf course while maintaining turf health and ideal playing conditions.
More specifically, we closely examined fairway contours and identified areas where fairway acreage
could be reduced without having a significant impact on playability.
Nitrogen fertilizer is essential for providing dense and healthy turf and ideal playing conditions.
Therefore, simply eliminating nitrogen fertilizer on the golf course is not ideal because playing
conditions would rapidly decline. In our conference call in May, we discussed opportunities to reduce
nitrogen fertility rates on the golf course. The pre-existing application rates were not exceptionally high,
but some minor reductions can likely be made with minimal impact on playability and turf health. To that
end, we discussed reducing the total amount of fairway acreage because the primary rough can be
maintained with less nitrogen fertilizer than fine turf areas such as fairways. The primary focus for
reducing fairway acreage was in the beginning portions of the fairways. On many of the holes the
fairway extends close to the forward tee. Most golfers with slow swing speeds that play from the
forward tees can carry the ball approximately 60 — 75 yards, so extending the fairway closer than that is
unnecessary.
The following table outlines topics that were discussed during our visit. These topics are discussed in
greater detail throughout the remainder of this report.
Table of Contents:
Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction................................................................................................. 3
General Observations and Recommendations........................................................................... 3
Starboard Course Hole by Hole Recommendations................................................................... 4
Port Course Hole by Hole Recommendations............................................................................ 6
Fairways................................................................................................................................... 8
Observations.............................................................................................................................. 8
Recommendations..................................................................................................................... 9
Summary.................................................................................................................................. 9
AdditionalConsiderations.................................................................................................... 11
2 USGA&
Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction
General Observations and Recommendations
1. The report provided in May outlines the importance of nitrogen fertilizer use on the golf
course and recommendations for application rates and timing.
2. The fairways will likely require more nitrogen fertilizer than the primary rough to maintain
acceptable playing conditions. Therefore, it would be advantageous to reduce the total
fairway acreage on the golf course to help reduce nitrogen fertilizer usage.
Many of the fairways extend close to the front edge of the forward tees. The average female
golfer has a swing speed of approximately 60 — 70 miles per hour which equates to a driving
distance of approximately 140 —150 yards. The total carry distance for this golfer is
approximately 100 yards. However, we estimated that some golfers likely carry the ball
shorter than 100 yards so we made the assumption that golfers with even slower swing
speeds would be able to carry the ball at least 65 yards. Therefore, any fairway that extends
closer than 65 yards from the forward tee is not necessary and can be converted to primary
rough without having a significant impact on playability.
Several of the fairways on the golf course already begin farther than 65 yards from the
forward tee. For this reason I would not expect proposed changes to the fairways to impact
playability.
As discussed in the May report, converting the fairways to primary rough will be completed
simply by allowing the grass to grow to a taller height of cut by not mowing it for several
weeks. Converting in this manner will provide the option to mow the area back down to
fairway height of cut if necessary.
The areas of fairway that are converted to primary rough should be converted this fall. In
areas that will be converted to primary rough, stop mowing in late September when the
amount of play on the golf course begins to decline. A gradual change at this time of year
and the following spring will be less noticeable by golfers and less likely to generate negative
feedback.
3. As discussed in the May report, many of the holes are too long for golfers with slower
swing speeds who are playing from the forward tees. Forward tees that play from a yardage
that is too long means golfers with slower swing speeds cannot reach greens in regulation. This
equates to more challenging golf for players with high handicaps and slower rounds of golf for
everyone one the course.
Constructing new forward tees that are at appropriate yardages closer to the green will
provide additional opportunity to reduce total fairway acreage. On some of the holes, the tees
should be relocated more than 100 yards closer to the green to provide an appropriate
challenge.
Constructing new forward tees is the most positive impactful change that could be made to
the golf course at this time in my opinion.
Constructing forward tees does not need to be expensive or an elaborate process. Several
courses have had good results by constructing a flat and level teeing surface within the
fairway contours with a sand based rootzone mix and maintaining the entire tee top as
fairway turf. This streamlines maintenance and does not add any additional maintenance
costs.
Forward tees can
be built into the
fairway to
streamline
maintenance.
However, a flat
area should be
built. Tees that are
placed in unlevel
areas in fairways
are typically not
used.
4. As discussed in the May report, the estimated annual nitrogen fertility requirement for
fairways is approximately 2 pounds of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet annually. The
estimated annual nitrogen requirement for primary rough is approximately 1 pound of nitrogen
per 1,000 square feet.
The design of the golf course lends itself to provide dense and healthy turf in the fairways
and primary rough directly adjacent to the fairway and letting the rough gradually become
more drought stressed and rugged as it gets closer to the tree lines on the perimeters of the
golf holes.
Starboard Course Hole by Hole Recommendations
The table below outlines the current distance from the forward tee to the beginning of the fairway and
recommended yardage at the beginning of the fairway that can be converted from fairway to primary
rough. In most cases the beginning of the fairway is recommended to begin approximately 65 yards
from the forward tee. This yardage gives golfers with very slow swing speeds (less than 60 miles per
hour) the opportunity to still reach the beginning of the fairway.
The fairways are approximately 25 yards wide on most holes. This equates to a reduction of
approximately 4,000 square feet of fairway for every 20 yards that are converted from fairway to
primary rough.
4
U%,'
1 40
25
10
45
20
2 10
30
11
40
35
3 55
20
12
52
10
4 70
0
13
61
0
5 65
0
14
45
20
6 70
0
15
60
10
7 70
0
16
55
10
8 65
0
17
35
30
9 70
0
18
65
0
Number 1: The fairway begins 40 yards from the forward tee. Convert the first 25 yards of fairway to
primary rough.
Number 2: The second hole is a downhill par -3 and the beginning of the fairway starts 10 — 15 yards
from the forward tee. Convert the first 30 yards of fairway to primary rough. Because the hole is a par -
3, all it requires is an approach in front of the green. The approach should extend into the flat area in
front of the green so that balls that may roll off of the green have a chance to remain in the approach
and not come to rest up against the primary rough and fairway interface.
Number 3: The front edge of the fairway begins 55 yards from the forward tee. However, this tee shot
is downhill so the first 20 yards of the fairway can be converted to primary rough.
Number 4: The 4th hole is one of the most challenging tee shots on the golf course for golfers with
slower swing speeds. The fairway begins 70 yards from the forward tee and is severely uphill.
Additionally, this hole is more than 100 yards too long for golfers with slower swing speeds to be able
to reach this green in regulation.
Do not change the fairway mowing patterns on less on additional forward tee is constructed.
This hole is a great example of how adding properly located forward tees can improve pace
of play, golfer enjoyment, and create additional opportunity to reduce fairway acreage.
Number 5: The 5th hole is a par -3 and the tee shot requires a forced carry for golfers playing from all
sets of tees. No changes should be made to the fairway mowing patterns. However, adding a new
forward tee on the right side of the hole closer to the green should be considered to provide golfers
with slower swing speeds an opportunity to reach the green without having to carry a hazard.
Number 6: The fairway begins 70 yards from the forward tee. No changes are recommended.
5 Y%W
Number 7: The front edge of the fairway begins 70 yards from the forward tee. Additionally, this tee
shot is severely uphill. No changes should be made to the fairway mowing contours at this time.
Hole 7 is another great example where additional forward tees are needed. If a new forward
tee is built the fairway mowing contours could be changed, but the beginning of the fairway
should still begin so that golfers from the White tees can see the beginning edge of the
fairway as it extends over the hill.
Number 8: The fairway begins 65 yards from the forward tee. Similar to Hole 7, this is a blind tee shot
that is severely uphill. No changes are recommended to fairway mowing patterns on this hole.
Number 9: The fairway begins 70 yards from the forward tee. No changes are recommended to
fairway mowing contours on this hole.
Number 10: The front edge of the fairway begins 45 yards from the forward tee. The first 20 yards of
the fairway can be converted to primary rough.
Number 11: The front edge of the fairway begins 40 yards from the forward tee. Hole 11 is a par -3, so
most players are landing the ball close to the green. The first 35 yards of this fairway can be
converted to primary rough. The area where the fairway narrows down currently would be an
appropriate place to connect the new beginning portion of the fairway.
Number 12: The fairway begins 52 yards from the forward tee. The first 10 yards of this fairway can
be converted to primary rough.
Number 13: The fairway begins 61 yards from the forward tee. No changes are recommended to
mowing contours on this hole.
Number 14: The fairway begins 45 yards from the forward tee. The first 20 yards of fairway can be
converted to primary rough.
Number 15: The fairway began 60 yards from the forward tee. The first 10 yards of this fairway can
be converted to primary rough.
Number 16: The fairway begins 55 yards from the forward tee. The first 10 yards of this fairway can
be converted to primary rough.
Number 17: The fairway begins 35 yards from the forward tee. The first 30 yards of this fairway can
be converted to primary rough. Hole 17 is a par -3 with a large bunker in front of the middle portion of
the green. The fairway should begin a few paces in front of the bunker.
Number 18: The fairway begins 65 yards form the forward tee. No changes are recommended to
mowing contours on this hole.
Port Course Hole by Hole Recommendations
The table below outlines the current distance from the forward tee to the beginning of the fairway and
recommended yardage at the beginning of the fairway that can be converted from fairway to primary
rough.
C
1 40
30
10
60
2 57
10
11
45
20
3 45
30
12
80
0
4 65
0
13
65
0
5 45
20
14
65
0
6 25
40
15
45
20
7 10
25
16
83
L
8 45
25
17
83
0
9 50
15
18
45
20
Number 1: The fairway begins 40 yards from the forward tee. The first 30 yards of this fairway can be
converted to primary rough.
Number 2: The fairway begins 57 yards from the forward tee. The first 10 yards of this fairway can be
converted to primary rough.
Number 3: The fairway begins 45 yards from the forward tee. The first 30 yards of this fairway can be
converted to primary rough. Hole 3 is a par -3 that plays downhill. Most players will be landing the ball
on the green or just in front of the green. A fairway that extends 50 yards or more from the front edge
of the green is unnecessary.
Number 4: The fairway begins 65 yards from the forward tee. No changes are recommended to
mowing contours on this hole.
Number 5: The fairway begins 45 yards from the forward tee. The first 20 yards of this fairway can be
converted to primary rough.
Number 6: The fairway begins 25 yards from the forward tee. The first 40 yards of this fairway can be
converted to primary rough.
Number 7: The fairway begins 10 yards from the forward tee. The first 50 to 60 yards of this fairway
can be converted to primary rough. However, because the Yellow tees are located on the other side
of the hazard some players playing from this set of tees may not be able to reach the fairway if it
begins 50 yards further from where it is currently. Therefore, start by converting the first 25 yards of
this fairway to rough and see what kind of impact this has on playability from the Yellow tees.
Number 8: The fairway begins 45 yards from the forward tee. The first 25 yards of this fairway should
be converted from fairway to primary rough.
7 , WA
Number 9: The fairway begins 50 yards from the forward tee. Convert the first 15 yards of this fairway
to primary rough.
Number 10: The fairway begins 60 yards from the forward tee. The tee shot from the forward tee is
blind and already requires 60 yards of carry. No changes are recommended to mowing contours on
this hole.
Number 11: The fairway begins 45 yards from the forward tee. Convert the first 20 yards of this
fairway to primary rough.
Number 12: The fairway begins 80 yards from the forward tee and is uphill. This is a lengthy carry for
players with slower swing speeds. No changes are recommended to mowing contours on this hole.
Number 13: The fairway begins 65 yards from the forward tee. No changes are recommended.
Number 14: The fairway begins 65 yards from the forward tee. No changes are recommended.
Number 15: The fairway begins 45 yards from the forward tee. The first 20 yards of this fairway
should be converted to primary rough. Hole 15 is a par -3 with a fairway bunker located in the middle
of the fairway. The fairway should begin a few paces in front of the middle fairway bunker.
Number 16: The fairway begins 83 yards from the forward tee. No changes are recommended on this
hole.
Number 17: The fairway begins 83 yards from the forward tee. Hole 17 is a long par -3. No changes
are recommended to mowing contours on this hole.
Number 18: The fairway begins 45 yards from the forward tee. Convert the first 20 yards of this
fairway to primary rough. This tee shot also plays downhill, which will make the 65 yard carry to the
beginning of the fairway that much easier
Fairways
Observations
1. The fairways were in good condition and contain primarily creeping bentgrass. There are
small amounts (less than 15 — 20%) of Poa annus in some of the fairways, but most of the
fairways are greater than 80% creeping bentgrass.
Creeping bentgrass is the desired species for turf on the fairways because it has greater
drought tolerance and is less susceptible to decline during periods of stressful environmental
conditions.
2. Plant protectants must be applied to the fairways periodically throughout the season to
maintain turf health. This is another reason why reducing total fairway acreage is a good idea.
With less fairway area, fewer plant protectants will need to be applied. This will save time and
money and reduce the total amount of plant protectants that are applied to the golf course.
8
li,
Recommendations
1. Include a Class B growth regulator, such as Cutless® or Trimmit® with the Primo Maxx®
that is already being applied to the fairways.
Class B growth regulators such as Cutless or Trimmit regulate Poa annua more aggressively
than creeping bentgrass. As a result, creeping bentgrass is given the competitive advantage
and will gradually increase in population over time.
Tank -mixing Primo with a Class B growth regulator is a good idea because the Primo will
provide regulation sooner following application and helps improve leaf texture and density.
The addition of the Class B growth regulator is focused primarily on reducing Poa annua
populations gradually over time.
Plant growth regulators should be applied according to growing degree days. This topic was
discussed in great detail in the May report. Note that ideal reapplication intervals are different
for turf mowed at fairway height of cut versus turf mowed at putting green height of cut. The
ideal reapplication intervals are in the table that was provided in the May report. When tank -
mixing Class A and Class B growth regulators, always follow the Class B reapplication
interval.
2. Preventative fungicide applications should continue to be made on the fairways for dollar
spot control. The following points outline chemical control options for dollar spot disease.
The DMI fungicides, such as Banner, Bayleton®, Tourney® and TorqueTm are relatively
inexpensive and can provide good dollar spot control. However, if these products have been
used for an extended period of time resistance can develop. If resistance has developed to
older DMI fungicides, such as those listed previously, you may want to try some of the newer
DMI products such as Maxtima® or Navicon°.
The SDHI fungicides provide great control of dollar spot disease. Some older SDHI
fungicides include Emerald® and Xzemplar®. Newer SDHI fungicide options that would be
effective for dollar spot control include Velista® and Posterity®. The SDHI fungicides do not
have any growth regulating effects like the DMI fungicides do. For this reason, many facilities
try to use the SDHI fungicides during the summer months and the DMI fungicides in the
spring and fall seasons when environmental conditions are less stressful.
Summary
The golf course was in great condition considering resources available for daily maintenance. After
touring the golf course I am confident that the total acreage of fairways can be reduced to achieve part
of the total nitrogen reduction goal that has been set by the state. Reducing the total fairway acreage
will not only reduce the total amount of nitrogen that is required to maintain turf health but will also
reduce the total amount of time required to mow the fairways as well as the total amount of plant
protectants that need to be applied to maintain turf health on the fairways. In the long term, I strongly
encourage you to build additional forward tees to provide golfers with slower swing speeds an
opportunity to reach greens in regulation. This will improve golfer satisfaction and pace of play.
Additionally, adding new forward tees will create additional opportunity to reduce total fairway acreage.
9
I enjoyed my visit to The Captains Golf Course and look forward to working with you all in the future.
Your hospitality was much appreciated. If you have any questions about anything in this report, or if I
can be of further assistance at any time, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Respectfully submitted,
Paul M. Jacobs, Agronomist
USGA Green Section, Northeast Region
Distribution:
Mr. Mark O'Brien, Captains Golf Course Director of Operations, Town of Brewster
10
Additional Considerations
The USGA appreciates your support of the Course Consulting Service. Please visit the Course Care
section of usga.org to access regional updates that detail agronomist observations across the region.
Also, please visit the Water Resource Center to learn about golf's use of water and how your facility
can help conserve and protect our most important natural resource.
USGA Green Section Record
If you would like to receive the USGA's electronic publication, the Green Section Record, click here. It
is free, informative and sent directly to you via email every two weeks.
11
About the USGA Course Consulting Service
As a not-for-profit agency that is free from commercial connections, the USGA Course Consulting
Service is dedicated to providing impartial, expert guidance on decisions that can affect the playing
quality, operational efficiency and sustainability of your course.
First started in 1953, the USGA Course Consulting Service permits individual facilities to reap the
benefits of on-site visits by highly skilled USGA agronomists located in Green Section offices
throughout the country.
12
For questions regarding this
report or any other aspect
of the USGA Course
Consulting Service, please
do not hesitate to contact
our office.
1
Af -
�_ ,ala ,� -; _
lStArk
Onsite Visit Report
Captains Golf Course
Brewster, Massachusetts
Visit Date: May 5, 2020
Present:
Mr. Mark O'Brien, Captains Golf Course Director of Operations, Town of Brewster
Mr. Mark Nelson, Principal, Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
Mr. Chris Miller, Director of Natural Resources, Town of Brewster
Mr. Tom Flynn, Assistant Golf Course Superintendent, Town of Brewster
Mr. Dwight Wiggin, Assistant Golf Course Superintendent, Town of Brewster
Mr. Paul M. Jacobs, USGA Green Section
United States Golf Association
Paul M. Jacobs, Agronomist I Green Section I Northeast Region
1631 Main St., 2nd Floor I Hellertown, PA 18055
(C) 734-642-5927 j (0) 610-515-1660 1 pjacobs(c usga.org
The USGA Green Section develops and disseminates sustainable management practices that
produce better playing conditions for better golf.
Executive Summary
It was great to get together for a conference call and perform a virtual Course Consulting Service visit
on May 5, 2020. The purpose of this visit was to evaluate the current use of nitrogen fertilizer on the
golf courses and explore opportunities to reduce nitrogen fertilizer use to reduce the amount of nitrogen
that could potentially leach through the soil and into groundwater.
The Town of Brewster is attempting to reduce the amount of nitrogen that is reaching groundwater and
would like to see if nitrogen fertilizer use on the golf courses can be reduced without negatively
impacting the conditioning of the golf course. There are several factors that influence the likelihood for
nitrogen to leach through the soil, and research may be performed on site in the future to determine the
actual amount of nitrogen that is leaching, instead of applying the state accepted 20% leach rate across
all fertilizer applications. After reviewing fertilizer records, it was apparent that the golf course has been
applying appropriate rates of fertilizers, but several changes are recommended to help reduce the total
amount applied.
The topics discussed during our conversation are outlined in the table below and discussed in greater
detail throughout the remainder of this report.
Table of Contents:
Nitrogen Fertilizer Use and Opportunities For Reduction ................................................... 3
Observations.............................................................................................................................. 3
Recommendations..................................................................................................................... 4
ForwardTees........................................................................................................................... 7
Observations.............................................................................................................................. 7
Recommendations..................................................................................................................... 8
PuttingGreen Management.................................................................................................... 9
Observations.............................................................................................................................. 9
Recommendations................................................................................................................... 10
Summary................................................................................................................................ 11
AdditionalConsiderations.................................................................................................... 12
Nitrogen Fertilizer Use and Opportunities for
Reduction
Observations
1. The use of nitrogen fertilizer is critical on turfgrass to promote growth and recovery from
traffic and to reduce the likelihood of disease development and weed encroachment.
However, there is a concern to limit the use of nitrogen fertilizers to reduce the likelihood for
nitrogen to leach into groundwater.
Applying appropriate rates of nitrogen fertilizer to turfgrass reduces the likelihood for several
different turf diseases (e.g., dollar spot, rust, anthracnose) and weed encroachment. Under
low nitrogen fertilizer programs, these pests would require additional herbicides and
fungicides to control.
The USGA article The Driving Force! explains the importance of nitrogen fertility in greater
detail.
Nitrogen fertility is critical to promote the recovery of turfgrass in high traffic areas. Without
sufficient nitrogen fertility, playing conditions can decline rapidly. The recovery from divots,
ball marks and general foot and cart traffic are dependent upon nitrogen fertility.
♦ Each golf course generates over 30,000 rounds per year. This would be considered
very high play volume, especially considering that the majority are played in a 6 -
month span from May through October. Additionally, most of these rounds are
played with golf carts.
r Fertilizer records show that application rates are in an acceptable range. However, most
fertilizer is applied in granular form once or twice per year on large acreage areas, such as
fairways and rough.
This table summarizes the nitrogen use rates that were provided to me prior to our
conversation. All of these rates are common on golf courses throughout the northeast
region.
2. There are several factors that influence the likelihood for nitrogen to leach through the
soil. These factors are listed below and are well documented in turfgrass research. Simply put,
the amount of nitrogen that reaches ground water depends upon more than the amount applied.
That said, reducing the amount applied will certainly reduce the amount that could potentially
reach the groundwater.
3
Putting Greens
2.75 lbs N/1,000 sq.ft.
2.9
Teeing Grounds
2.75
2.5
Fairways
2.25
3.00
Rough
2.25
2.0
This table summarizes the nitrogen use rates that were provided to me prior to our
conversation. All of these rates are common on golf courses throughout the northeast
region.
2. There are several factors that influence the likelihood for nitrogen to leach through the
soil. These factors are listed below and are well documented in turfgrass research. Simply put,
the amount of nitrogen that reaches ground water depends upon more than the amount applied.
That said, reducing the amount applied will certainly reduce the amount that could potentially
reach the groundwater.
3
A more complete review of turfgrass research and onsite studies may be performed if
necessary.
Several factors that influence nitrogen leaching rates include grass species, nitrogen source
(e.g., natural organic, synthetic organic, salt, etc.), soil type, moisture content of soil during.
application, rate of application, maturity of turfgrass, time of year application is made and
climate.
Our discussion focused primarily on the potential to reduce the total amount of nitrogen
fertilizer applied to the golf course while still providing acceptable playing conditions.
Recommendations
Unfortunately, there is no one -size -fits -all program for fertilizer use on the golf course. The amount of
nitrogen, the source of nitrogen and the frequency that nitrogen needs to be applied are all dependent
upon current growth rate, the amount of traffic received, and desired turf density and playing conditions.
The amount of nitrogen required to produce healthy turf and good playing conditions can change
drastically throughout the year. To reduce the total amount applied throughout the year, several of
these recommendations will require reducing the amount that is applied in granular formulations and
then supplementing with foliar fertilizer applications, as needed, more frequently throughout the year.
This will likely reduce the total amount of fertilizer applied, but will increase labor costs and may require
additional spray equipment to be acquired.
The following recommendations were discussed during our phone call and relate to nitrogen fertility
only. Other fertilizer programs (Phosphorus, Potassium, etc.) were not discussed.
1. Fairway nitrogen fertility recommendations:
Make only one granular fertilizer application per year, with a natural organic nitrogen source.
The Sustane® product you have been using will suffice. This product should be applied in late
spring or late summer when the turf is actively growing. Apply at 1 pound of nitrogen per
1,000 square feet.
♦ Reducing the number of granular applications and total amount of nitrogen applied
through granular applications will reduce the likelihood for leaching but will require
more frequent spray applications of fertilizer to be applied.
An additional granular application of a natural organic fertilizer should be applied in
high traffic areas in fairways in the spring or fall, opposite of when the widespread
application is made. This will help promote turf recovery in high traffic areas, while
reducing the amount of nitrogen that is applied overall.
Apply 0.15 — 0.30 pounds of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet as a spray application every two
to four weeks, or as needed to promote turf growth and recovery throughout the active
growing season (i.e., late May — October). Urea (46-0-0) can be used for this purpose and is
one of the cheapest methods to provide nitrogen to the turf. Urea readily dissolves in warm
water.
The USGA article Does The Grass Know The Cost explains the benefits of using
urea versus other nitrogen sources in greater detail.
♦ Although urea has a relatively low salt index and burn potential, foliar fertilizer
applications should not be made when temperatures exceed 85 degrees Fahrenheit.
4
♦ Making more frequent spray applications at a lower rate will reduce the likelihood for
nitrogen leaching because almost half of the nitrogen applied is absorbed through
the turf leaves, and the remaining nitrogen that reaches the soil is applied at a low
enough rate that the turf should utilize the nitrogen before it has a chance to leach
through the soil.
♦ This type of fertilization program is often referred to as "spoon feeding" because the
turf receives several small applications of fertilizer, instead of one or two large
granular applications. This type of program is already being utilized on putting greens
and enables the turf managers to have more control over turf growth throughout the
season.
♦ Nitrogen is the most important element for turf growth. Applying smaller amounts
more frequently allows the turf manager to better control growth rate throughout the
season. The trade off is that it takes a lot more time and is more challenging from a
practical standpoint because spraying before golfers arrive is not always an easy
task.
♦ Consideration should be given to acquiring a mix tank or an additional spray tank to
expedite the spraying process if this process is implemented.
Transition the beginnings of some of the fairways to primary rough where the fairways are
extended close to the forward tees. This will reduce the total size of the fairways, thus
reducing the amount of nitrogen applied. This will also provide long term savings on other
plant protectant products and reduce mowing time for fairways.
♦ Through Google Earth, I was able to measure the distance between beginning of
fairway and front of the forward tee on several holes and in many cases the distance
is less than 40 yards. Considering the fact that a golfer with a swing speed of 60
miles per hour drives the ball about 140 —150 yards, that golfer should be able to
carry the ball at least 60 — 70 yards.
♦ In many cases, new forward tees should be added to provide an appropriate
challenge for golfers with slower swing speeds. More on this in the "Forward Tees"
section of this report. Constructing more forward tees would allow the size of the
fairways to be reduced even more.
To transition from fairway to primary rough, simply stop mowing the part of the
fairway that is being converted to rough. Converting this way is recommended versus
sodding because it allows you to convert back to fairway if needed. Additionally, if
golfers find that they are playing from this area often, they may not like the bentgrass
at rough height of cut. I doubt that many golfers will play form this area because they
should be driving the ball well past this point, but if there are significant number of
complaints, there are selective herbicides that can control bentgrass.
5
The distance from the forward tee to the beginning of the fairway is less than 40
yards on many holes. Transitioning the beginning of the fairway into rough will
provide long term savings and reduce the amount of nitrogen applied to the
airways. This change should have little to no impact on playability.
+ It is likely that additional nitrogen may need to be applied in a granular form with the natural
organic fertilizer every few years. This will be determined based on turf growth rate and
recovery.
2. Rough nitrogen fertility recommendations:
Reduce the total nitrogen applied in the granular application from 2 pounds per 1,000 square
feet to 1 pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet annually.
In high traffic areas apply an additional 1 pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet
with the granular application. This will promote turf health and recovery in high traffic
rough areas without the need to regularly spray them with fertilizer.
♦ If additional recovery is needed or the turf begins to become too thin in the primary
rough, one lap can be made around the fairways with the sprayer when fertilizer is
being sprayed on the fairways. This will promote turf health and recovery in the most
frequently played from area of the rough.
Similar to the fairways, it is likely that every two or three years an additional pound of
nitrogen per 1,000 square feet may be justified in a granular form to promote turf health and
recovery potential.
6 LWAO
3. No major changes are recommended to the putting green or teeing ground nitrogen
fertility program.
The nitrogen fertility rates on the putting greens and tees are in an acceptable range and
attempting to reduce rates slightly on these small areas will not amount to a significant
reduction. At the same time, a slight reduction in nitrogen fertility on putting greens or tees
can result in a significant decline in playing conditions due to the amount of traffic these
areas receive.
4. The following are best management practices that should be followed when making
nitrogen fertilizer applications to reduce the likelihood for leaching.
Only apply fertilizer when the turf is actively growing.
Do not apply when the soil is saturated.
Do not apply prior to a heavy, flushing rain event.
When possible, apply smaller rates more frequently in response to turf growth rate and
recovery. This is the "spoon feeding" program discussed in the fairway program, and what is
already being done on the putting greens.
Forward Tees
Observations
1. Several holes on the golf course are too long for golfers with slower swing speeds to
reach the green in regulation.
Data collected at the USGA Equipment Test Center and from the PGA of America document
SETTING_ UP GOLF COURSES FOR SUCCESS shows that the average female golfer has a
swing speed of about 60 MPH and drives the ball approximately 140 — 150 yards. The
average male golfer has a swing speed of about 90 MPH and drives the ball about 210
yards. Because of the slower swing speed of some golfers, they are hitting long irons or
fairway metals into many of the greens. On most holes, these golfers cannot reach the green
in regulation because the hole is too long.
While a male counterpart playing from the middle tees might hit driver, eight iron into a par -4,
golfers with slower swing speeds are forced to hit driver and fairway metal into the same hole
because the forward tees are not properly located.
The following table shows a comparison of an average male golfer playing from the white
tees and an average female golfer playing from the red tees on the starboard course and
which greens they can hit in regulation and what clubs they are hitting into each green.
7
1
A red "X" indicates that the average male or female golfer cannot
reach the green in regulation. This model does not take distance
variability due to elevation changes into consideration.
Based on the above data, the average female golfer is likely hitting fairway metals or even
drivers into every hole except for the short par -3 second. This indicates an opportunity to
construct additional forward tees and make the facility more appealing to golfers with slower
swing speeds, including women, juniors and seniors.
According to the National Golf Foundation 2018 Golf Indust Report, women compromise
24% of the total US golfer population and make up over 30% of all new golfers! This means
we are seeing more women begin to play the game and presents an opportunity capitalize on
a growing market segment. Additionally, it will improve enjoyment and pace of play for
golfers with slow swing speeds that are already playing the course.
Recommendations
1. Several tees should be added throughout the golf course. As the table above shows,
several holes require the addition of a forward tee to give golfers with slower swing speeds the
ability to reach greens in regulation.
Constructing forward tees does not need to be an expensive or elaborate process, but they
should be constructed so that there is a flat and level surface. Some facilities are building
tees into the fairway so that they can be mowed and maintained along with the fairway.
However, simply placing tee markers in the existing fairway is not recommended. Most of the
time tees that are placed in this manner are not used.
Famak GONWO - rad Tee
#arldkaP ` 2 - so MP"
YWds Over
YOWSOM
CSL APPrMth
11aMi! >•at
VN&
"P PW Yards
1414: M O&
9+w40irw,oe FsL
orrh Shot Gkrb
352
1 4
306
X 46
166
Fwy Wood+
2 3
91
•/ —
91
Mid kora
91
3 S
431
X Sl
171
Fwy Wood+
FWy Woody
4 4
362
is 102
222
Fwy Wood+
6 4
5 3
In
1/ --
120
F" Wood+
507
6 4
243
Short Ian
3 4
FWy Wood
1r --
7 5
451
X 71
191
Fwy Wood+
112
S 4
323
X 63
133
Fwy Wood«
Mid kon
9 4
295
X 35
155
FwyWOW+
12 4
10 4
302
X 42
162
Fwy WW&
f
11 3
149
X 9
149
Fwy Woods
12 4
292
X 32
152
FwyVYood+
151
13 3
437
X 77
397
Fwy Woad+
Fwy Wood+
14 4
317
X 57
177
Fwy Wood+
is 5
15 4
309
X 49
169
FWVWoods
3.034
16 4
957
X 97
217
FWy Wood+
1/
17 3
112
./ —
112
Fwy Wood
12 S
437
X 37
177
F .y Wood*
OUT 36
2.427
X
IN 36
2,732
X
TOT 72
5,359
X
1
A red "X" indicates that the average male or female golfer cannot
reach the green in regulation. This model does not take distance
variability due to elevation changes into consideration.
Based on the above data, the average female golfer is likely hitting fairway metals or even
drivers into every hole except for the short par -3 second. This indicates an opportunity to
construct additional forward tees and make the facility more appealing to golfers with slower
swing speeds, including women, juniors and seniors.
According to the National Golf Foundation 2018 Golf Indust Report, women compromise
24% of the total US golfer population and make up over 30% of all new golfers! This means
we are seeing more women begin to play the game and presents an opportunity capitalize on
a growing market segment. Additionally, it will improve enjoyment and pace of play for
golfers with slow swing speeds that are already playing the course.
Recommendations
1. Several tees should be added throughout the golf course. As the table above shows,
several holes require the addition of a forward tee to give golfers with slower swing speeds the
ability to reach greens in regulation.
Constructing forward tees does not need to be an expensive or elaborate process, but they
should be constructed so that there is a flat and level surface. Some facilities are building
tees into the fairway so that they can be mowed and maintained along with the fairway.
However, simply placing tee markers in the existing fairway is not recommended. Most of the
time tees that are placed in this manner are not used.
Male Golfers . whhe Tse
.14 - 92.90 hWH
YWds Over
Est. Rpprowh
11aMi! >•at
VN&
Ret.. Msa.
SM WOAWte
f1 51roe Club
1 4
352
®/ -
142
WAndAww iom
2 3
131
131
hWkat
3 S
491
j{ _
91
Wed3e
4 4
401
1.91
FWy Woody
S 3
173
173
FWy Wood
6 4
297
1/ —
77
Wedge
7 S
507
1r —
107
Short Ian
3 4
370
1r --
160
woxw mV iron
9 4
322
ri
112
Shon uva
10 4
341
-
134
Mid kon
11 3
132
—
192
FWy Wood
12 4
326
iI
116
short ion
13 5
431
VP —
$1
W*CISO
t4 4
373
in
NybrW/WeSIron
15 4
361
J -
151
Nybri Aoft ion
16 4
427
X 2
217
Fwy Wood+
17 3
156
—
156
Wp"d4anaMoa
is 5
304
,/ —
104
Short ian
OUT 34
3.034
IN 35
31159
1/
TOT 72
6,196
1
A red "X" indicates that the average male or female golfer cannot
reach the green in regulation. This model does not take distance
variability due to elevation changes into consideration.
Based on the above data, the average female golfer is likely hitting fairway metals or even
drivers into every hole except for the short par -3 second. This indicates an opportunity to
construct additional forward tees and make the facility more appealing to golfers with slower
swing speeds, including women, juniors and seniors.
According to the National Golf Foundation 2018 Golf Indust Report, women compromise
24% of the total US golfer population and make up over 30% of all new golfers! This means
we are seeing more women begin to play the game and presents an opportunity capitalize on
a growing market segment. Additionally, it will improve enjoyment and pace of play for
golfers with slow swing speeds that are already playing the course.
Recommendations
1. Several tees should be added throughout the golf course. As the table above shows,
several holes require the addition of a forward tee to give golfers with slower swing speeds the
ability to reach greens in regulation.
Constructing forward tees does not need to be an expensive or elaborate process, but they
should be constructed so that there is a flat and level surface. Some facilities are building
tees into the fairway so that they can be mowed and maintained along with the fairway.
However, simply placing tee markers in the existing fairway is not recommended. Most of the
time tees that are placed in this manner are not used.
oil Z-71- -7
Putting Green Management
Observations
1. Based on the photos that were sent prior to the visit, organic matter content in the upper
portion of the profile appears to be excessive.
Excess organic matter holds water like a sponge and predisposes the turf to soft playing
conditions, disease, mechanical damage, and a host of agronomic concerns.
2. Black layer seemed to be developing near the surface of the profile based on the photos
that were sent. Black layer develops as a result of anaerobic conditions and when black layer
forms, toxic sulfide gas is produced which can be fatal to turf.
Saturated conditions and subsequent black layer are not surprising considering the wet
spring we have had and the excess organic matter that is present near the surface.
3. Pythium root rot disease was observed in photos and confirmed by laboratory diagnosis.
- This disease is common during prolonged periods of wet conditions and excessive organic
matter increases susceptibility. Pythium control products such as Banol®, Segwaye and
Subdue® are effective at controlling the disease, but must be watered into the rootzone to be
effective. 0.15 — 0.25 inches of water should be sufficient to move the fungicide into the
rootzone.
j .
_ •.� � it
z, r..at.
nY
rs�r'4�.-
-�.� ,::Cis, ��, ; �.•f .� •
4-^ �L� ..ti ��•. � � lL�7Y
i
Left, excessive organic matter and black layer are present near the surface. Right, Pythium
root rot disease is causing the yellowing symptoms. Reducing organic matter in the putting
greens should be a top priority for the next few years.
Recommendations
10
1. Perform hollow core aeration in the spring and fall with large diameter hollow tines (e.g.,
0.500 — 0.625 inches). Remove the cores and backfill channels with pure sand topdressing.
2. Consider using small diameter hollow tines, such as the Ninja® tines monthly throughout
the season. If prolonged periods of saturated conditions are forecast, use these tines before
such conditions develop.
After three to five years of the above programs, it is possible that the spring aeration could be
eliminated as long as monthly aeration with the small diameter hollow tines and regular
topdressing continues.
3. Topdress the putting greens every 14 days with 100 pounds of pure sand per 1,000
square feet. Sand topdressing helps smooth the surface and dilutes new organic matter that is
being produced near the surface.
Consider using a less coarse sand for regular topdressing applications and a coarser sand
that meets USGA guidelines for backfilling aeration cores. The USGA article Benefits Of
Light And Frequent Topdressing explains this two sand system in greater detail. Additionally,
if you would like me to review your sands that you are using feel free to send me a particle
size analysis of the sands you would like reviewed.
4. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) were discussed and their use is beneficial for several
reasons. PGRs reduce the top growth of plants and have been shown to improve shade
tolerance, traffic tolerance, reduce mowing requirements as well as water and nutrient
requirements.
Class A regulators, such as trinexapac-ethyl, are safe to use on Poa annua. Class B
regulators will suppress the growth of Poa annua more than the surrounding creeping
bentgrass, thus giving the bentgrass the competitive advantage. If creeping bentgrass
populations are high enough and uniformly distributed, the gradual implementation of a Class
B growth regulator, such as Cutless®, is recommended.
All regulators should be reapplied based on growing degree days. Plants metabolize growth
regulators faster during periods of warm weather. Once the regulator is metabolized, plants
will grow faster than they would if not regulated at all. This is known as the "rebound phase".
It is critical to maintain suppression during periods of hot and humid weather. Optimal
application intervals are best measured by tracking growing degree days — i.e. GDD. 0
degrees Celsius is used as the base temperature for this model.
♦ Turf mowed at higher heights of cut remains in regulation longer than lower height
turf. If growth regulators are applied to turf mowed at collar or fairway height of cut on
putting green intervals, overregulation can occur. The ideal reapplication intervals
are outlined in the table below.
♦ The greenkeeper app is a free tool that many superintendents find useful to help
automatically track growing degree days.
Rates impact amount of suppression, not duration.
GDD, HOC and active ingredient impact duration.
Applying too frequently can produce "overregulation", especially on higher HOC and Poa
annua turf.
I JI
Not applying frequently enough results in a flush of growth, known as the "rebound phase".
This is undesirable, especially during periods of hot and humid weather.
Trinexapac-ethyl
Primo Maxx
200
350-380
Paclobutrazol
Trimmit
280-310
480-640
Flurprimidol
Cutless
210-270
380-410
Prohexadione-Ca
Anuew
280
350-380
Flurprimidol+
Legacy
270-300
320-390
Trinexapac-ethyl
Flurprimidol+
Musketeer
290
350-400
Trinexapac-ethyl+
Paclobutrazol
Applying PGRs based on growing degree days will provide consistent
suppression and avoid the "rebound phase", where turf will grow faster
than if it was not regulated at all. Note the difference between fairway
height and green height as well. 0 degrees Celsius is used as the base
temperature for this model.
Summary
The nitrogen fertilizer programs in place are consistent with what most other golf courses are applying.
do not believe that any of the areas were receiving an overabundance of nitrogen fertilizer, but the
recommendations outlined in this report will provide an opportunity to see if turf in the fairways and
rough can be sustained with lower nitrogen rates. Reducing the rate that is applied in granular form and
applying more frequent foliar applications will allow nitrogen to be applied on an "as needed" basis and
reduce the amount that reaches the soil, but it is possible that the turf will require the same amount that
was being applied before. If that is the case, on site research will need to be performed to quantify how
much nitrogen is actually leaching through the soil, not just accepting the State's assumption that 20%
of the nitrogen applied reaches groundwater.
I enjoyed our conference call and I hope this report proves useful. If you have any questions about
anything in this report, or if I can be of further assistance at any time, please do not hesitate to contact
me.
11
LI%A(I
Additional Considerations
The USGA appreciates your support of the Course Consulting Service. Please visit the Course Care
section of usqa.orq to access regional updates that detail agronomist observations across the region.
Also, please visit the Water Resource Center to learn about golf's use of water and how your facility
can help conserve and protect our most important natural resource.
USGA Green Section Record
If you would like to receive the USGA's electronic publication, the Green Section Record, click here. It
is free, informative and sent directly to you via email every two weeks.
Respectfully submitted,
Paul M. Jacobs, Agronomist
USGA Green Section, Northeast Region
Distribution:
Mr. Mark O'Brien, Captains Golf Course Director of Operations, Town of Brewster
12
About the USGA Course Consulting Service
As a not-for-profit agency that is free from commercial connections, the USGA Course Consulting
Service is dedicated to providing impartial, expert guidance on decisions that can affect the playing
quality, operational efficiency and sustainability of your course.
First started in 1953, the USGA Course Consulting Service permits individual facilities to reap the
benefits of on-site visits by highly skilled USGA agronomists located in Green Section offices
throughout the country.
Allowd6k., 'A
For questions regarding this
report or any other aspect
of the USGA Course
Consulting Service, please
do not hesitate to contact
our office.
13
AFP REFUNDS AND/OR CREDITS:
Below is the Golf Commission policy in regard to Annual Fee Player
refunds and/or credits:
Two -Year Membership:
For purposes of this policy, the total amount paid towards the AFP membership will be
divided in half. One half will be deemed to be the Year 1 Balance and the other half will be
deemed to be the Year 2 Balance. The Adjusted Year 1 or Year 2 balance is the payment
for that year less the value of any rounds played in the relevant membership year prior to
June 30. A round will be valued at the prevailing greens fee in effect at the time it was
played.
1. Refund or credit requested prior to 6/30/2020:
❑ If the AFP has played three times or fewer during the membership period commencing on
4/1/2020, they may request a refund of the Adjusted Year 1 balance plus the Year 2
balance.
❑ If the AFP has played more than three times during the 2020 membership year they may
request a refund of the Year 2 balance and a credit of the Adjusted Year 1 balance. This
non -transferable credit may be applied only towards the AFP's membership fee in 2021 and
expires on 6/30/2021.
2. Refund requested between 7/1/2020 and 3/31/2021:
❑ An AFP may request a refund of the Year 2 Balance.
3. Refund or credit requested after 3/31/2021:
❑ Any application for a refund or credit must be received by June 30, 2021.
❑ If the AFP has played three times or fewer, then they may request a refund of the Year 2
adjusted balance.
0 If the AFP has played more than three times during the 2021 membership year they may
request a credit of the adjusted Year 2 balance. This non -transferable credit may be applied
only towards the AFP's membership fee in 2022 and expires on 6/30/22.
All such refunds or credits will be issued at the discretion of the Golf Commission.
Credit and/or Refund Rewrite October 8, 2020
Any application for a refund of a Full Membership must be received by June 30' of the current
membership year or no later than 45 days after a membership fee has been received and
processed by golf operations.
Any rounds that have been played during this current membership period will be valued at the
prevailing green fee in effect at the time it was played and deducted from the membership fee
paid. This amount will be referred to as the remaining balance.
For an AFP to be eligible for a refund of their remaining balance they must make application
during the time limits described above.
If an unexpected life event occurs outside the above time frames the member or family may
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All refunds or credits as described above will be issued upon a vote by the Golf Commission.