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HomeMy Public PortalAboutResolution 21-02 Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan City of McCall RESOLUTION 21-02 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF MCCALL, IDAHO, ADOPTING THE 2020 VALLEY COUNTY MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN, PROVIDING FOR RELATED MATTERS,AND PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE. WHEREAS, the 2020 Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan was prepared by the University of Idaho for Valley County, the Cities of McCall, Donnelly and Cascade, and the area Fire Districts and the plan will assist the City and the community in preparing for natural hazards and disasters; and WHEREAS, the Plan is an update to the previously adopted 2010 Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan and is intended to be in compliance with Title 44,part 201, section 6 of the Code of Federal Regulations(44 CFR§201.6)referred to as the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000; and WHEREAS, adoption of the Plan allows the City of McCall to apply for federal hazard mitigation grants for the benefit and future safety of the McCall community, and WHEREAS, the 2018 McCall Area Comprehensive Plan was adopted by the McCall City Council on January 11, 2018; states its intent, at Environment Goal, Policy 9.1, to "Conduct a Hazard Mitigation Master Plan to effectively assess and address hazard risks"; and WHEREAS, a duly noticed Public Hearing was conducted on January 7,2021; NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, by the Mayor and City Council of the City of McCall, Valley County, Idaho that: The 2020 Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan is adopted, and a copy of the Plan is attached hereto as Exhibit 1, and by this reference incorporated herein. This resolution shall be in full force and effect upon its passage and approval. Passed and approved this �th day of January 2021. 11 Iflffff OF htcCge�*, CITY OF MCCALL V� •�,s Valley County, Idaho Y � 2 Signed: C Robert S. i es, Mayor A TES O� essieJo W er, City e Valley County, Idaho Multi jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan "Ilk JLA, i - �• 1 4 , j Update 2020 The Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan of Valley County, Idaho and the Cities of Cascade, Donnelly and McCall Prepared for Valley County Emergency Management 244 W. Roseberry Rd. Donnelly, Idaho 83615 (208) 325-8619 March 2020 Executive Summary The Valley County Hazard Multi-Jurisdictional Mitigation Plan (HMP) is an update to the 2011 Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan.Through a collaborative effort between the county, its jurisdictions, the University of Idaho (UI), and the Idaho Office of Emergency Management (IOEM), the planning update process took place over 2018-2019 and the plan was finalized in early 2020. Valley County Emergency Manager Bob West led the Multi-jurisdictional Planning Committee. The Planning Committee was composed of members from the Valley County Office of Emergency Management and representatives from the communities, State and Federal agencies, and other organizations and stakeholders active within the county. As with the 2011 plan, four jurisdictions were actively engaged in the update process, including the cities of Cascade, Donnelly, McCall, and Valley County. Several other entities were involved as well, such as the three fire districts within the county and the Payette Lakes Recreation Water and Sewer District. Members of the planning committee completed an initial hazard magnitude vs.frequency survey. The survey was replicated from the former plan to capture changes in the committee's priorities. Utility outages, winter storms, and wildland fires were ranked highest in both frequency and magnitude, with thunderstorms and floods following. The update built on the former plan, but reorganized its structure to enhance the plan's usability. The update also comprehensively revised all sections of the plan to reflect current hazards, political and socioeconomic conditions, and incorporate best-available data. Major changes to the HMP include an updated and rewritten county profile, the inclusion of additional hazards, more detailed and comprehensive risk and vulnerability assessments for the hazards of focus, and the addition of new mitigation actions. The 2020 update also builds a strong foundation for annual review and monitoring of progress, allowing Valley County to maintain the HMP through the plan's five-year lifecycle. Mitigation actions were reviewed and updated per feedback from the Planning Committee and responsible agencies and departments. Additional mitigation actions were included based on Committee and public input. These actions were scored and ranked to better prioritize efforts and resources towards the completion of listed mitigation actions. Finally, under an agreement between IOEM and the Idaho Department of Lands (IDL), the Valley County Wildfire Mitigation Plan acts as the Wildfire Annex to the Valley County Multi- Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, located in Appendix H. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan I iii Table of Contents 1 Introduction...................................................................................................................1 1.1 Overview...........................................................................................................................1 1.2 Legal Authority..................................................................................................................2 1.3 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update...........................................................................................2 1.4 Plan Organization ..............................................................................................................2 2 Planning Process............................................................................................................ 1 2.1 Overview.................................................................................................................................1 2.1.1 Summary of Revisions.................................................................................................................................1 2.1.2 FEMA Requirements ...................................................................................................................................1 2.2 Plan Preparation &Development..............................................................................................1 2.3 Multi-Jurisdictional Participation &Coordination......................................................................2 2.4 The Planning Team&Stakeholder Participation........................................................................3 2.5 Planning Meetings....................................................................................................................4 2.5.1 January 2017 Kickoff Meeting.....................................................................................................................4 2.5.2 February 2017 Kickoff Meeting...................................................................................................................4 2.5.3 April 2017 Planning Meeting.......................................................................................................................5 2.5.4 July 2017 Planning Meeting........................................................................................................................5 2.5.5 November 2017 Planning Meeting&Conference Call ...............................................................................5 2.5.6 March—August 2018..................................................................................................................................5 2.5.7 November 2019...........................................................................................................................................5 2.6 Public Involvement...................................................................................................................5 2.7 Review&Incorporation of Existing Plans, Reports, Studies, &Technical Information.................6 2.7.1 Valley County Comprehensive Plan............................................................................................................6 2.7.2 Valley County Emergency Operations Plan................................................................................................7 2.7.3 Donnelly Comprehensive Plan ....................................................................................................................7 2.7.4 City of McCall Comprehensive Plan ...........................................................................................................8 2.7.5 West Central Mountains Economic Development Strategy.......................................................................9 3 County& Community Profiles....................................................................................... 10 3.1 Overview.........................................................................................................................10 3.1.1 Summary of Revisions..........................................................................................................................10 3.1.2 FEMA Requirements............................................................................................................................10 3.2 Geographic Setting&Historical Context...........................................................................10 3.3 Climate&Weather..........................................................................................................11 3.4 Demographics..................................................................................................................12 3.5 Economic Profile..............................................................................................................13 3.6 Land Use& Development Trends......................................................................................13 3.7 Vegetative Cover .............................................................................................................14 3.8 Hydrology........................................................................................................................17 Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan I iv 4 Risk Assessment........................................................................................................... 18 4.1 Overview ...............................................................................................................................18 4.1.2 Plan Requirements& Regulations.............................................................................................................18 4.2 Earthquake.............................................................................................................................19 4.2.1 Hazard Vulnerability&Risk Summary.......................................................................................................19 4.2.2 Hazard Description....................................................................................................................................20 4.2.3 Hazard Occurrence, Location&Extent.....................................................................................................23 4.3 Flood......................................................................................................................................24 4.3.1 Hazard Vulnerability& Risk Summary.......................................................................................................24 4.3.2 Hazard Description....................................................................................................................................25 4.3.3 Hazard Occurrence, Location, Extent........................................................................................................28 4.3.4 Future Probability.....................................................................................................................................29 4.4 Severe Weather .....................................................................................................................29 4.4.1 Hazard Vulnerability&Risk Summary.......................................................................................................29 4.4.2 Hazard Description....................................................................................................................................32 4.4.3 Hazard Occurrence, Location&Extent.....................................................................................................34 4.4.4 Future Probability.....................................................................................................................................35 4.5 Landslide................................................................................................................................35 4.5.1 Hazard Vulnerability& Risk Summary.......................................................................................................35 4.5.2 Hazard Description....................................................................................................................................36 4.5.3 Hazard Occurrence, Location&Extent.....................................................................................................37 4.5.4 Future Probability.....................................................................................................................................37 4.6 Wildfire..................................................................................................................................38 4.6.1 Hazard Vulnerability&Risk Summary.......................................................................................................38 4.6.2 Wildfire Annex...........................................................................................................................................39 5 Mitigation Strategy...................................................................................................... 40 5.1 Overview...............................................................................................................................40 5.1.1 Summary of Revisions...............................................................................................................................40 5.1.2 FEMA Requirements .................................................................................................................................40 5.2 Mitigation Strategy Goals.......................................................................................................41 5.3 Valley County Mitigation Actions&Implementation Plan........................................................41 5.3.1 Changes in Mitigation Priorities................................................................................................................47 5.3.2 Completed& Removed Mitigation Actions& Projects.............................................................................47 5.4 City of Cascade Mitigation Actions& Implementation Plan......................................................47 5.4.1 Changes in Mitigation Priorities................................................................................................................50 5.4.2 Completed& Remove Mitigation Actions& Projects...............................................................................50 5.5 City of Donnelly Mitigation Actions& Implementation Plan ....................................................50 5.5.1 Changes in Mitigation Priorities................................................................................................................53 5.5.2 Completed& Removed Mitigation Actions& Projects.............................................................................53 5.6 City of McCall Mitigation Actions& Implementation Plan........................................................53 5.6.1 Changes in Mitigation Priorities................................................................................................................56 5.6.2 Completed& Removed Mitigation Actions& Projects.............................................................................56 5.7 Special Districts Mitigation Actions& Implementation Plan.....................................................56 5.7.1 Changes in Mitigation Priorities................................................................................................................58 Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan I v 5.7.2 Completed& Removed Mitigation Actions&Projects.............................................................................58 6 Mitigation Capabilities................................................................................................. 59 6.1 Overview...............................................................................................................................59 6.1.1 Summary of Revisions...............................................................................................................................59 6.1.2 FEMA Requirements .................................................................................................................................59 6.2 Federal &State Planning&Regulatory Capabilities.................................................................59 6.3 National Flood Insurance Program Compliance .......................................................................60 6.4 Valley County Mitigation Capabilities Assessment...................................................................61 6.5 Cascade City Mitigation Capabilities Assessment.....................................................................64 6.6 City of Donnelly Mitigation Capabilities Assessment................................................................65 6.7 City of McCall Mitigation Capabilities Assessment...................................................................67 6.8 Other Planning Mechanisms..................................................................................................69 7 Plan Maintenance........................................................................................................ 71 7.1 Overview...............................................................................................................................71 7.1.1 Summary of Revisions...............................................................................................................................71 7.1.2 FEMA Requirements .................................................................................................................................71 7.2 Plan Monitoring, Evaluation,& Update...................................................................................71 7.2.1 Monitoring Implementation .....................................................................................................................72 7.2.2 Evaluating Implementation.......................................................................................................................72 7.2.3 Updating the Plan......................................................................................................................................72 7.3 Continued Public Participation................................................................................................73 List of Tables Table 2.1 Jurisdictional Participation...........................................................................................................2 Table 2.2 Update Planning Team Members.................................................................................................3 Table 2.3 Stakeholders and other partners.................................................................................................4 Table 3.1 McCall Idaho Climate Summary.................................................................................................12 Table 3.2 Selected Demographic Statistics (2018 Census) ........................................................................12 Table 3.3 Vegetative Cover Types..............................................................................................................15 Table 4.1 Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale...............................................................................................23 Table 4.2 Notable Earthquake Occurrences, Valley County(per the 2018 Idaho State HMP)..................23 Table 4.3 NFIP Statistics for Valley County................................................................................................28 Table 4.4 Historic Flood Occurrences ........................................................................................................29 Table 4.5 Historic Landslide,State and Federal Declarations....................................................................37 Table 5.1 Valley County Mitigation Actions and Implementation Plan....................................................41 Table 5.2 Valley County Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions.....................................................47 Table 5.3 City of Cascade Mitigation Actions and Implementation Plan..................................................48 Table 5.4 City of Cascade Completed or Removed Mitigation Actions .....................................................50 Table 5.5 City of Donnelly Mitigation Actions and Implementation Plan..................................................51 Table 5.6 City of Donnelly Completed or Removed Mitigation Actions....................................................53 Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan vi Table 5.7 City of McCall Mitigation Actions and Implementation Plan.....................................................54 Table 5.8 City of McCall Completed or Removed Mitigation Actions........................................................56 Table 5.9 Payette Lakes Recreation Water and Sewer District Mitigation Actions and Implementation Plan .............................................................................................................................................................57 Table 5.10 Rural Fire Districts Mitigation Actions and Implementation Plan............................................57 Table6.1 NFIP Statistics.............................................................................................................................60 Table 6.2 Valley County Mitigation-Related Capabilities...........................................................................61 Table 6.3 Cascade City Capabilities Assessment........................................................................................64 Table 6.4 City of Donnelly Capabilities Assessment...................................................................................65 Table 6.5 City of McCall Capabilities Assessment......................................................................................67 Table 6.6 Valley County Comprehensive Plan Planning Mechanism.........................................................69 List of Figures Figure1.1: Disaster Cycle..............................................................................................................................1 Figure3.1 Valley County, Idaho..................................................................................................................11 Figure 3.2 Land Cover Classification from the 2016 National Land Cover Dataset....................................16 Figure 4.1 Valley Country Earthquake Hazard Map....................................................................................20 Figure4.2 USGS Seismic Forecast...............................................................................................................24 Figure 4.3 Valley County Flood Hazard Map...............................................................................................25 Figure 4.4 Valley County Winter Weather Hazard Map .............................................................................30 Figure 4.5 Valley County Lightening Hazard Map.......................................................................................31 Figure 4.6 Valley County Tornado Hazard Map..........................................................................................32 Figure 4.7 Valley County Landslide Hazard Map.........................................................................................36 Figure 4.8 Valley County Wildfire Hazard Map...........................................................................................38 List of Appendices Appendix A. Plan Promulgation & Adoption Resolution Appendix B. Plan Review Tool Appendix C. Letters of Participation Appendix D. Prioritization of New Mitigation Strategies (Staplee forms) Appendix E. Public Involvement & Planning Meeting Documentation Appendix F. NFIP Compliance Statements Appendix G. Special Report by ICEM, FEMA and the Idaho Geologic Survey, December 2017: A Risk Assessment Database Summary for Valley County and the Incorporated Cities of Cascade, Donnelly and McCall. Appendix H. Wildland Fire and Flood Assessment for Lewis County, Idaho, 2010, Northwest Management, Inc. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan I vii Acronyms Acronym Definition BLM Bureau of Land Management CFR Code of Federal Regulations CRS Community Rating System DEQ Department of Environmental Quality DMA Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 EMS Emergency Medical System FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency GIs Geographic Information System HIFLD Homeland Infrastructure Foundation-Level Data HMP Hazard Mitigation Plan IDL Idaho Department of Lands IOEM Idaho Office of Emergency Management ITD Idaho Transportation Department LEPC Local Emergency Planning Committee MMI Modified Mercalli Intensity MOA Memorandum of Agreement MOU Memorandum of Understanding NEHRP National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program NAP National Flood Insurance Program PDM Pre-Disaster Mitigation Grant PGA Peak Ground Acceleration P&Z Planning & Zoning USFS U.S. Forest Service UI University of Idaho USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USGS U.S. Geological Survey WUI Wildland Urban Interface Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan viii I Introduction 1.1 Overview The Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) identifies both short and long-term policies and actions ��S4GATj�N that help reduce risk and future losses from hazards. The term hazard is defined as any event with the potential to cause loss of life or property. Such events include natural hazards (such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, severe weather, and wildfire) and anthropogenic hazards (such as civil unrest and hazardous materials). Hazards then become disasters when communities are negatively impacted or overwhelmed by such events. To reduce the risk to disasters, hazard mitigation is implemented 43NOdS3 across the county and its communities. Hazard mitigation Figure 1.1:Disaster Cycle consists of cost-effective actions that are often divided into three categories: • Policies and actions that keep the hazard away from people, property, and structures. • Policies and actions that keep people, property, and structures away from hazards. • Policies and actions that reduce the hazard impacts on people, property, and structures. This plan identifies the vulnerabilities and risks from threats and hazards to the county and its communities and details the mitigation strategy that will be implemented over a five-year period. By implementing this plan, resources can more efficiently and effectively be targeted towards the hazards that pose the greatest risk. Other benefits of this plan include the following: • Selection of Risk Reduction Actions — Hazard mitigation is a systematic process of identifying and analyzing the county's risks. By setting clear goals and identifying and implementing mitigation strategies, the county can reduce losses from future hazards. • Builds Local, State, & Federal Partnerships —The plan builds partnerships through two- way communication and collaboration by involving various stakeholders at the local, State, and Federal levels. • Facilitates Sustainability — Risk and sustainability are linked, and without identifying and mitigating risks, the livelihood and continuance of the county and its communities is threatened. Enhancing resilience to hazards through sound mitigation practices enhances sustainability. • Establishes Funding & Resource Priorities — By coordinating and consolidating mitigation actions undertaken in the county into a unified strategy, the plan helps prioritize and articulate the county's and its communities' needs to the public, other organizations and private enterprise, and agencies with stake in the county. • Increase Hazard Awareness & Education — The hazard mitigation planning process increases education and awareness of hazards and risks in the county and its Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 1-1 communities. This awareness helps individuals understand their risk, self-mitigate, and enhance their resilience.This can translate to support of mitigation actions in the county. 1.2 Legal Authority The legal basis of hazard mitigation plans is the Stafford Act, as amended by the Disaster Mitigation Act (DMA) of 2000. The DMA emphasizes pre-disaster planning, and Section 322 of the Act specifically addresses hazard mitigation planning. The DMA requires state and local governments to prepare and maintain hazard mitigation plans to receive federal hazard mitigation project grants. This financial assistance can be sought pre- and post-disaster and is vital in all phases of emergency management. The requirements for an HMP are codified in Title 44, part 201, section 6 of the Code of Federal Regulations(44 CFR §201.6) and include criteria for six elements. Detailed criteria for each of the requirements can be found in Appendix B, as well as the relevant sections of the plan (see 1.4 Plan Organization). 1.3 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Existing HMPs must be reviewed and updated as required by 44 CFR§201.6(c)(v). The revision must reflect changes in development, progress made in local mitigation efforts, and changes in hazard and mitigation priorities. The update then must be resubmitted for approval within five years to maintain eligibility for FEMA mitigation grant funding. The former plan was originally completed and adopted in 2011 and expired in 2016. Through a collaborative effort between the county, its jurisdictions, the University of Idaho (UI), and the Idaho Office of Emergency Management (IOEM), the plan was updated in 2019. The update built on the former plan but reorganized its structure to enhance the plan's usability.The update also comprehensively revised all sections of the plan to reflect current hazards, political and socioeconomic conditions, and incorporate best-available data. Each section summarizes the revisions made in the 2020 update. 1.4 Plan Organization The plan is organized to be operational in nature: 1. Introduction—Provides an overview of mitigation, hazards, and the basis of HMPs. 2. Planning Process—Details the process undertaken for the 2019 plan update. This section identifies and details the planning committee, participating jurisdictions, and stakeholders. 3. County & Community Profiles — Provides an overview of the socioeconomic, demographic, and geographical character of the county and its communities. 4. Risk Assessment — Details identified hazards and risks facing the county. Hazard profiles include hazard descriptions; hazard extents, magnitudes, and past occurrences; population, structure, and structure value exposure; socioeconomic vulnerability assessments; loss estimates; and land use and future developments in relation to hazards. 5. Mitigation Strategy — Details the goals and actions to be implemented to reduce loss of life and property from hazards and risks identified in the risk assessment. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 1-2 6. Mitigation Capabilities —This section details and describes the capabilities and resources the participating jurisdictions and organizations can leverage to implement hazard mitigation. This includes funding avenues and detailed National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) information. 7. Plan Maintenance — Details the county's commitment to maintaining the 2019 plan through the five-year lifecycle. The county will monitor, evaluate, and update the plan on a bi-annual basis, and engage the public throughout the process.This section also includes recommended updates for future plans. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 1-3 2 Planning Process 2.1 Overview The planning process is vital to the development and completion of a comprehensive HMP that best fits a county and its communities.As with almost all planning efforts,the plan is only as good as the process itself.A major component of the planning process is involvement and participation from representatives and stakeholders from the county, local communities, State and Federal agencies, and other organizations. Through the process, perspectives on hazards and risks, community assets, and mitigation needs are discussed and incorporated into the plan. 2.1.1 Summary of Revisions Major revisions include: • Moved and reorganized the planning process section within the plan; • Moved and revised the former plan's Introduction, Plan Organization, Plan Use, Purpose, and Scope sections to Section I. Introduction; • Moved and revised the former plan's Mission Statement and Goals sections to Section II. Mitigation Strategy; • Updated the planning committee to the 2019 participants; • Revised the former plan's Planning Process section to reflect the 2020 update; and • Moved the former plan's Plan Maintenance section to Section IV. Plan Maintenance. 2.1.2 FEMA Requirements This section adheres to and fulfills the following regulations: • 44 CFR §201.6(b) — An open public involvement process is essential to the development of an effective plan. In order to develop a more comprehensive approach to reducing the effects of natural disasters,the planning process shall include: o (i) —An opportunity for the public to comment on the plan during the drafting stage and prior to plan approval; o (ii)—An opportunity for neighboring communities, local and regional agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities, and agencies that have the authority to regulate development, as well as businesses, academia and other private and nonprofit interests to be involved in the planning process; and o (iii) — Review and incorporation, if appropriate, of existing plans, studies, reports, and technical information. • 44 CFR §201.6(c)—The plan shall include the following: o (i) — Documentation of the planning process used to develop the plan, including how it was prepared, who was involved in the process, and how the public was involved. 2.2 Plan Preparation & Development The planning process consisted of the following phases: Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-1 • Plan Update Kick-Off— Plan development for the 2020 update began in January 2017. A kick-off meeting was held with the planning team to cover FEMA requirements and to propose a work plan. • Plan Review& Evaluation—The former plan was reviewed and evaluated according to the FEMA Local Mitigation Review Tool (2011) and a more stringent and comprehensive evaluation matrix developed by Frazier et al. (2013). The review and evaluation results guided the risk assessment and mitigation strategy for the 2019 plan update by identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the former plan. • Risk Assessment—Hazard occurrences and hazard impacts were collected for the county. Hazard profiles were updated to reflect current science around risk and vulnerability. • Mitigation Strategy Review — The mitigation actions listed in the former plan were reviewed and their status determined by the responsible jurisdictions and organizations. • Mitigation Strategy Update — New and additional mitigation actions were detailed and scored by the planning committee for inclusion into the 2019 plan update. Each jurisdiction was provided the opportunity to put forth mitigation actions for discussion and approval. Mitigation goals and objectives were likewise visited and updated as necessary. • Public Involvement & Outreach —The public was engaged through news releases to local media, a mitigation-specific survey distributed online and in-person, and a formal public meeting. The draft plan was posted to the webpage developed for the 2020 update to provide opportunity for public comment and feedback. • Plan Completion & Adoption — Following the compilation of all information, data, and analyses conducted throughout the planning process, drafts were distributed to the planning team and the public for review. Feedback and comments were incorporated in subsequent drafts. After the review and edit period, the plan was formally submitted to IEOM and FEMA for approval prior to formal adoption by the county, its communities, and other organizations. 2.3 Multi-Jurisdictional Participation & Coordination The hazard mitigation planning process was built on the participation of each jurisdiction. All incorporated communities were invited to participate in the 2020 update through email and personal outreach by the UI planning team and Valley County Emergency Manager Juan Bonilla. Table 7.1 summarizes the participation of the jurisdictions with authority to adopt the plan following IOEM and FEMA review and approval. Table 2.1 Jurisdictional Participation Jurisdiction 2011 Participation &Adoption 2019 Participation & Adoption Valley County Yes Yes City of Cascade Yes Yes City of Donnelly Yes Yes City of McCall Yes Yes Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan II-2 2.4 The Planning Team & Stakeholder Participation The planning team is the core group of individuals responsible for the development and update the plan. Comprised of local officials and subject matter experts, these individuals represent jurisdictions and organizations with the authority to implement the mitigation strategy over the plan's five-year life. These individuals and entities bring local knowledge and perspectives to the table that are vital in developing a comprehensive and cohesive HMP, although they might not have the authority to implement the mitigation strategy.The 2019 planning team was headed by Valley County Emergency Manager Juan Bonilla, and is detailed in Table 2.2. Table 2.2 Update Planning Team Members Jurisdiction Name Title & Department Former Participation Juan Bonilla Fire Chief,Emergency Manager Yes John Coombs Sheriff's Office,Captain Yes Anne Guarino Building Official Yes David Crawford Valley County Information Technology Elt Hasbrouck Commissioner Valley County Cynda Herrick Planning&Zoning,Floodplain Manager John Lillehang Fire Working Group, Member Yes Jeff McFadden Valley County Road Superintendent Jason Speer Sheriff's Office,Operations Lieutenant Bill Willey Commissioner Randy Freeman Police Dept.,Chief City of Cascade Steve Hull Fire Chief Rob Terry,Julie Crosby and Judith Nissula Mayors Jayme Berheim Donnelly Fire&EMS,EMS Coordinator Cami Hedges(early City of Donnelly stages),then Lori City Clerk Yes(Hedges) Clemens(later stages) Susan Dorris Mayor _ Franklin Yates Donnelly Fire Dept.,Assistant Fire Chief Jackie Aymon Mayor Yes Nate Coyle(early stages),then Anette City Managers Yes(Coyle) Spickard(later stages) City of McCall Garrett deJong McCall Fire Dept.,Assistant Chief Erin Greaves Communication Manager Jay Scherer Airport Manager Justin Williams Chief of Police SITPA Tim Tevebaugh Assistant Fire Warden Ken Stump Fire Warden WPA/FireWise Stephanie Nelson Additionally, input was sought and provided by the three rural fire districts within the County (Cascade, McCall and Donnelly)as well as the Payette Lakes Recreation Water and Sewer District. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-3 Table 2.3 Stakeholders and other partners Jurisdiction Name Title & Department Former Participation Susan Cleverley Mitigation Division Chief Idaho Office of Dale Nalder Area Field Officer Emergency Management Lorrie Pahl State Mitigation Planner Ben Roeber Division Chief St.Luke's McCall Nancy Romero Emergency Management University of Idaho Alexander Peterson Mitigation Planner ---- - ---- -- -- Elizabeth Boyden Mitigation Planner US Bureau of Mike Wissenbach Reclamation James Bishop Cascade National Forest,Fuels Specialist Sean Johnson Payette National Forest,Fire Staff US Forest Service David Vining Payette National Forest,Fire Mitigation Officer Josh Warden Boise&Cascade National Forest,Fire Mitigation Officer 2.5 Planning Meetings Several meetings were convened throughout the planning process to facilitate discussion amongst the planning team and other stakeholders with regards to hazards and mitigation. The following sections summarize these meetings. See Appendix E for sign-in sheets, agendas, and presentations. 2.5.1 January 2017 Kickoff Meeting The kickoff meeting for the plan update was held on January 23, 2017 at the Donnelly Fire Station in Donnelly. The meeting was facilitated by Alexander Peterson, mitigation planner with the University of Idaho, and Chief Juan Bonilla, the county emergency manager. The meeting was attended by 18 members of the planning team. The meeting focused on introducing hazard mitigation, hazard mitigation plans, and the planning process. The requirements of HMPs as codified in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) were presented, and cost share requirements of the Pre-Disaster Mitigation grant discussed. A brief review of the former plan included which jurisdictions and agencies participated and adopted the former plan and which hazards were profiled. A summary of the comprehensive evaluation conducted to identify the former plan's limitations was presented and discussed, followed by the participation and adoption requirements for communities and agencies in the 2017 update process. 2.5.2 February 2017 Kickoff Meeting The planning meeting held on February 22, 2017 focused on initializing the Phase I Risk Assessment and public outreach.The attending 24 planning team members completed the Phase I Risk Assessment survey and initial draft of the public opinion survey. The Phase I Risk Assessment carried forward the frequency-magnitude scoring system of the former plan, providing a baseline to conduct a comparative analysis on changes in hazard priorities and Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-4 perceptions,while feedback on the public opinion survey provided guidance on revisions prior to distributing to the public. 2.5.3 April 2017 Planning Meeting A planning meeting was held on April 17, 2017 and attended by 15 members of the planning team. The planning meeting focused on reviewing the former mitigation strategy, including any progress made towards completing or implementing the actions, challenges that arose in implementing mitigation following the adoption of the former plan, and removing any actions that were no longer necessary. For those actions carried forward, the planning team discussed new estimated costs, timelines, and potential funding resources. 2.5.4 July 2017 Planning Meeting The July 2017 planning meeting was held from 9:00 AM to 12:00 PM on July 26th in Donnelly, and was attended by six members of the planning team. Discussion and activities revolved around match to date, public outreach, reviewing and revising the goals of the former mitigation strategy, as well as aligning the mitigation strategy with the risk assessment. 2.5.5 November 2017 Planning Meeting & Conference Call A conference call was held from 9:00 AM to 11:00 AM on Wednesday, November 29th. The call focused on a new timeline to complete the plan update, a review of the cost share documented, as well as jurisdictional participation to date. Progress to date was discussed, as was the need for continued public outreach and participation by additional jurisdictions and stakeholders. Also reviewed and discussed was how the planning team and the adopting jurisdictions will maintain, evaluate, and update the plan throughout its five-year lifecycle following approval and adoption, then planned for late 2019. 2.5.6 March —August 2018 In March 2018, Dr.Tim Frazier visited Valley County to meet with the planning committee and provided a presentation to assist EM Juan Bonilla with the process of working with Valley County jurisdictions to review prior mitigation strategies and complete capabilities assessments. On March 21, a planning meeting was held in the City of McCall to discuss these inputs. The planning committee met again in June 2018 and August 2018. 2.5.7 November 2019 In November 2019, the Valley LEPC met to develop and prioritize new mitigation actions. 2.6 Public Involvement Public involvement was integral to the 2019 plan update. Appendix E contains press releases, survey templates, and documentation of the public meetings. Several press releases were distributed to local media to inform citizens of the update process, to solicit public review and comments on the draft plan, and to inform citizens of the date, time, Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-5 and location of the public meeting held to discuss the mitigation strategues. Press releases were distributed at the following times: • June 20, 2017 —Update announcement with details on the Pre-Disaster Mitigation grant funding the update, jurisdictional participation, a summary of the planning process and proposed revisions, and a link to the online opinion survey. • February 2020 — inform public about availability of the draft plan for further public comment 2.7 Review & Incorporation of Existing Plans, Reports, Studies, & Technical Information Several plans, policies, reports, and other documents were reviewed and incorporated into the 2011 plan. The 2020 update process revisited these documents to review and evaluate their applicability in 2019. Additional documents were also reviewed and incorporated in the 2019 plan update. 2.7.1 Valley County Comprehensive Plan The Valley County Comprehensive Plan references hazards in Chapter 5 with three goals and objectives to work towards mitigating against the hazards in which Valley County is at risk. Goal I: To protect the health and safety of Valley County residents and visitors from the impacts of natural hazards. Goal I Objectives: 1. Encourage appropriate agencies to disseminate information about radon gas with measures to reduce the risk to human health. 2. Continue Valley County's participation in the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) flood insurance program. a) Promote the program by providing information to the public, realtors, title companies, and lending institutions. b) Promote consideration by the Army Corps of Engineers to certify the dam on Lake Cascade for flood protection. 3. Retain existing regulations that prohibit or control construction, development, and filling in designated flood prone areas. 4. Encourage uses in floodplains which will incur or cause minimal damage if there is flooding. 5. Participate with Avalanche Forecast Center. 6. Continue to require engineering for all structures, except utility buildings, to protect against damage from earthquakes. Goal Il: To protect the health and safety of Valley County residents and visitors, structural and infrastructure assets, and wildlife/natural resources from wildfires and the aftermath of wildfires. Goal II Objectives: Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-6 1. Recognize the Wildland-Urban Interface Wildfire Mitigation Plan portion of the All Hazard Mitigation Plan — commonly referred to as the County Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP), an annually updated plan which includes a Wildfire Risk Assessment Map. 2. Utilize the Wildland Urban Interface Fire Protection Plan portion of the Subdivision Regulations to guide new and renewed applications toward recognizing wildland fire risk. 3. Encourage property owners to review the Wildfire Section of the All Hazard Mitigation Plan and reduce the wildland fire risk in their communities and areas of risk. 4. Encourage property owners in the WUI to be proactive and learn how to prepare and protect their homes and businesses from the threat of uncontrolled wildland fire. Each and every homeowner is personally responsible for creating and maintaining effective defensible space. Goal III: To mitigate effects of disasters on Valley County residents and visitors, structural and infrastructure assets, and wildlife/natural resources from all hazards. Goal III Objectives: 1. Participate with other communities in the West Central Mountains in developing the All Hazard Mitigation Plan. 2. Educate residents and visitors of potential hazards. Enlist first contact professions such as realtors, title companies, financial institutions, etc. 2.7.2 Valley County Emergency Operations Plan The Valley County Emergency Operations Plan is currently in the process of being revised. See Section 6.10 for more information on its consideration in the HMP planning process. 2.7.3 Donnelly Comprehensive Plan The Donnelly Comprehensive Plan states goals, objectives, and policies to provide guidance to city decision makers, planners, and project approvals. Goal: Protect human life, health,and property from the impact of natural and manmade hazards. Objective I Mitigate losses due to severe weather. Policy 1 The Planning and Zoning Commission and City Council shall consider the risks associated with severe weather events when reviewing projects. Policy 2 Inspect schools and other public buildings for snow-load resistance and retrofit when necessary. Policy 3 Collaborate with neighboring cities,Valley County and Adams County to establish an east-west emergency transportation route. Policy 4 Prioritize surfacing of secondary and access roads for all weather use. Objective II Continue to participate in the National Flood Insurance Program. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-7 Policy 5 Maintain current FEMA issued flood hazard maps for the city and surrounding Area of Impact. Policy 6 The City shall discourage development in the 100-year floodplain. Policy 7 Where possible, protect and restore wetland functionality and stabilize stream and river banks. Objective III Reduce potential damage to community infrastructure and structures through implementation of earthquake mitigation techniques Policy 8 Apply International Building Standards to all new public buildings to prevent damage from earthquakes. Policy 9 Where feasible, retrofit public health and safety buildings to be compliant with International Building Standards to prevent damage from earthquakes. The Implementation chapter of the plan lists the following actions to mitigate against hazards in the City of Donnelly: Action 36 Identify and assess for safety at least one public building as a refugee center in the event of displacement of city residents due to a severe weather event. Action 37 Update building codes for new and rebuilt public buildings consistent with International Building Standards for earthquake design. Action 38 Assess seismic hazards for public buildings within the city. Action 39 Where feasible, retrofit public buildings to be compliant with International Building Standards to prevent damage from earthquakes. Action 40 Continue to participate in FEMA's National Flood Insurance Program and maintain accurate flood plain mapping for the city. Action 41 Inspect schools and other public buildings for snow-load resistance and retrofit if necessary. Action 42 Identify and pursue funding to implement the City of Donnelly and Valley County hazard mitigation activities as described in the Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional All Hazards Mitigation Plan (2010). 2.7.4 City of McCall Comprehensive Plan The City of McCall Comprehensive Plan was updated in January 2018. Under the section on Environment and Natural Resources (page 115), the following goals and policies are directly related to hazards mitigation planning: Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-8 Goal 9: Encourage approaches to development that will enhance the ability of people, wildlife, natural systems, and property to withstand and recover from natural disasters and other major disturbances. Policy 9.1 Facilitate effective disaster mitigation by providing recommended updates to policies, programs and regulations as warranted, in preparation for natural disasters. Additionally, Action Project E21 (page 158) is to conduct a hazard mitigation master plan to effectively assess and address hazard risks, in coordination with Valley County. 2.7.5 West Central Mountains Economic Development Strategy The West Central Mountains Economic Development Strategy does not mention hazards; however, the plan does set out the strategy for jobs, housing, transportation, infrastructure, education,and regional communication goals and strategies. In order to meet those goals a series of objectives and tactics are listed to lay out how goal will be accomplished. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-9 3 County & Community Profiles 3.1 Overview Hazard mitigation within the county needs to be localized to maximize the reduction of losses to both life and property; therefore, it is pertinent to understand the characteristics of the county and its communities. 3.1.1 Summary of Revisions Major revisions made to this section in the 2020 update include: • Reorganized and restructured into a discrete section • Updated statistics and data where necessary • Incorporated new and additional maps and figures where appropriate • Value of critical infrastructure facilities adjusted per inflation and moved to risk assessment • Public Safety section updated and moved to capabilities section 3.1.2 FEMA Requirements There are no CFR elements specific to this section. 3.2 Geographic Setting & Historical Context Valley County is a rural county located in the west-central mountains of Idaho. The County is bounded by Idaho County on the north, Adams and Gem Counties on the west, Boise County on the south, and Custer and Lemhi Counties on the east. The County was established in February 1917 with Cascade as the county seat. The county contains the North Fork of the Payette River which extends thirty miles from Payette Lake south to Cascade.The Cascade Dam was completed on the Payette River in 1948; the Cascade Reservoir covers much of the north-eastern part of the County. Valley County covers a huge area in central Idaho,from Long Valley and McCall east to the Middle Fork of the Salmon River. The South Fork of the Salmon divides the county in two, flowing north toward the main Salmon river, which is north across the border in Idaho County. The Payette River drains southward in the western part of the county. On the extreme northwest are accreted terrane rocks west of the Idaho suture zone. East of the suture are Cretaceous tonalities and orthogenesis of the Idaho batholith,which pass eastward to granodiorite that underlies the bulk of the county. A few inliers of Proterozoic and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks remain, as roof pendants to the batholith. On the northeast is a down dropped block, the Thunder Mountain caldera, filled with Eocene Challis volcanic group rocks. North of this block of volcanic rocks is a northwest trending belt along Big Creek that exposes Mesoproterozoic Belt Supergroup strata and unique Neoproterozoic intrusive rocks. Miocene and younger north-striking faults, part of the Basin and Range system, cut the batholith of the central part of the county, and form the Long Valley graben near Cascade Reservoir and Payette Lake. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-10 Three major rock groups are exposed near McCall, Idaho. These include: The Cretaceous Idaho batholith, the Triassic-Jurassic metamorphosed island-arc sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Seven Devils Group and the Miocene flood-basalt flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group. Figure 3.1 Valley County,Idaho Valley County 1 Idaho J J r W F 5 1 j _ 0 10 20 Miles Legend Waterways&Waterbodies Projection:NAD 1983 State Plane [7 County Boundary County Roads Idaho West —Primary Roads State or Federally Managed Land Source:US Census;ESRI; Railroad Incorporated Place US Geological Survey;Inside Idaho 3.3 Climate & Weather Temperatures in Valley County normally reach into the 80's in the summer and drop as low as 0 in the winter. Temperatures are much cooler in the mountains. Precipitation in the mountains occurs year-round with a deep snowpack accumulating in the winter. Valley precipitation in the summer is seen with rain showers and thunderstorms. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-11 The average snowfall in the Cascade area is approximately 12.5 inches from January through April and from October through December. Average precipitation in Cascade areas is 23.0 inches year- round. Humidity is higher in the morning hours than the afternoon hours in Valley County. McCall has snowy winters and mild summers. The average temperatures, precipitation, and snowfall for McCall, Idaho are listed in Table 3.1. Table 3.1 McCall Idaho Climate Summary Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Average Max 31 36 43 51 61 70 80 80 70 57 39 30 54 _Temp(F) Average Min 13 13 20 27 34 40 43 41 34 27 21 13 27.2 Temp(F) Average Total p2.91 2.4 2.48 2.01 2.52 2.24 0.83 0.83 1.22 1.81 3.15 3.35 25.75 Pre_cip.(in) vAverage Total 37 23 16 6 1 0 0 0 0 2 20 33 138 Snowfall(in) 3.4 Demographics The three incorporated cities within Valley County are Cascade, Donnelly, and McCall. McCall has the largest population of the three cities with a total population of 2,991. Cascade has a total population of 939, while Donnelly maintains a smaller total population of 152. The county's population grew an astounding 32 percent from 7,651 in 2000 to 10,060 in 2008, as Tamarack Resort—featuring a ski area, a golf course, stores, and large housing developments—was built and the construction sector boomed. Then, Tamarack's financial problems and the national recession led to a collapse of construction. The population fell to 9,515 by 2012. In the last few years, population again is growing and now exceeds the 2008 peak. Between 2006 and 2016,the county grew 11 percent from 9,480 to 10,496.Table 2.2 summarizes some relevant demographic statistics for Valley County. Recreation and tourism are important components of the local economy. At various times of the year the amount of people in the county increases due to tourists and residents of nearby counties seeking recreational opportunities. Table 3.2 Selected Demographic Statistics(2018 Census) Subject Number Percent Total Population 10,401 100.00 Sex and Age Male 5,486 52.7 Female 4,915 47.3 _Median Age(Years) 48.7 - Relationship In Households 3,461 Households By Type Households 3,461 Family Households(Families) 2,370 - With Own Children Under 18 Years - 21.6 Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan II-12 With People Over 60 Years 51.0 Husband-Wife Family 1,952 - Average Household Size 2.95 Average Family Size 3.59 3.5 Economic Profile Valley County's economy once revolved around logging and mills, but over time those industries have declined. The county's last mill, the Cascade Sawmill, closed in 2002. Today, about 40 individuals work in the logging industry; 25 years ago, about 100 did. Today, tourism drives the economy. Leisure and hospitably sector provide 23 percent of total nonfarm employment. Tourism amenities—Payette Lake, rivers, Kelly's Whitewater Park, ski areas, and fishing and hunting—attract retirees and other people to move into the area. The leisure and hospitality sectors employ about 1,700 people; 25 years ago, it employed 600. Between 2000 and 2008, building at Tamarack Resort and throughout the county caused construction employment to double from 340 to 680.The financial crisis caused construction jobs to fall to 257 by 2013. In the last few years, construction activity has risen to about 370, near its 2000 level. Valley County's major employers include Cascade Hospital, Cascade School District, City of McCall, Franklin Building Supply, McCall-Donnelly School District, McCall Memorial Hospital, Ridley's Family Market, Tamarack Resort, US Forest Service, and Valley County. Government employment—including schools and the US Forest Service (USFS)—is approximately 31 percent. Valley County's per capita income in 2016 was $46,130, which was 117 percent of the state's average and 94 percent of the national average. The relatively high number of retirees that moved into the county in recent years is a driver for the high per capita income despite the relatively low wages earned in the tourism sector. 3.6 Land Use & Development Trends There are four basic designations for land use in Valley County, including Rural, Cities and City Areas of Impact, Villages (unincorporated communities), and Tourist Hubs. The rural designation applies to all real property in the unincorporated areas of Valley County unless designated otherwise. Commercial and industrial uses are allowed in rural areas but are encouraged to locate in cities and city areas of impact, villages, and tourist hubs. Cities and City Areas of Impact applies to all real property within incorporated city limits or within adopted areas of impact. Most commercial and industrial uses and multi-family residential uses may locate within this designation. Villages applies to all real property within the small unincorporated communities known as Yellow Pine and Lake Fork. Commercial and industrial uses may be allowed in the villages in locations found to be compatible with nearby uses and with the existing village character. Tourist Hubs applies to all real property for the tourist services located in the areas known as Tamarack Ski Resort, Smith's Ferry, Clear Creek,West Mountain Lodge,Tamarack Falls Store, Big Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-13 Creek, Roseberry, Deadwood, Goldfork Hotsprings, Silver Creek Plunge, and Warm Lake. Expansion of services should be encouraged to locate in the tourist hubs. According to the Valley County Comprehensive Plan, land use patterns have radically altered during the past decades away from the traditional agricultural-use pattern to one of recreation home and subdivision development. This rapidly evolving pattern, which places more demands on the environment and community and the former one, creates the need for a thoughtful response from the community to prevent future damages to the environment and community which attracted development here in the beginning. The plan also lists various objectives related to future development including, but not limited to: • Discourage scattered, sprawling, haphazard suburban development by: • Controlling suburban development on open foothills. • Continuing to implement land use planning in order to avoid conflicts with noncompatible uses. • Encouraging development in timbered areas and in compact subdivisions thus facilitating better use of utilities, road maintenance, police, and fire protection. • Emphasize natural beauty when designing projects, such as bridges, roadways, commercial buildings, subdivisions, and homes. • Relate future county development to natural site advantages and limitations such as soil, slope, water table, view, flood hazards, and wind direction. Recognition of such factors will produce optimum development and prevent hazardous and costly conditions from developing. • Local Officials Narrative on Development Trends for Valley County. • Recent development includes Tamarack Ski Resort, new homes, roads, etc. • Potential development includes several active conditional use permits. Conditions that may affect the risks and vulnerabilities of Valley County include economic recession due to being reliant on the tourism industry. There is also a large number of second home ownership (78%).Therefore, making a large issue,the safety and security of those who are renting short-term rentals. Other issues include new roads to subdivisions and natural drainages being diverted or filled causing water issues. 3.7 Vegetative Cover Vegetation in Valley County is a mix of both forestland and rangeland. The largest percentage of vegetation is forestland; including Douglas Fir, Lodgepole Pine, Subalpine species, Ponderosa Pine, Warm Mesic Shrub, Herbaceous Burn, Mountain Big Sagebrush, Basin and Wyoming Big Sagebrush,as well as various other forest species of trees and shrubs. Douglas-Fir is the dominant tree species with 23.2%of the trees being from the Douglas-Fir species. Ample precipitation and soil conditions result in a relatively well vegetated ecosystem. As the areas of ample precipitation increase so does the abundance of conifer species, subalpine forest areas are seen in the highest elevations where precipitation and elevation provide more moisture during the growing season. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-14 Much of Valley County's vegetation and forestland is used in their local economy through timber production, livestock grazing, wildlife habitat, recreation, and watershed protection. Table 3.3 Vegetative Cover Types Cover Type Acres Percent of Area Open Water 37219 1.55 Perennial Snow/Ice 21 >0.01 Developed,Open Space 7745 0.324 Developed,Low Intensity 2365 0.098 Developed,Medium Intensity 475 0.019 Developed,High Intensity 68 0.002 Barren Land 2669 0.111 _Deciduous Forest 3986 0.166 Evergreen Forest 1118195 46.7 Mixed Forest 3041 0.127 Shrub/Scrub 701632 29.3 Herbaceous 452474 18.9 Hay/Pasture 10954 0.458 Cultivated Crops 1162 0.048 Woody Wetlands 35856 1.50 The County has a total area of 3,734 square miles of which about 1.5%, or 56 square miles, of the county is water. The federal government owns nearly 88% of the land in the County. Included in the federally owned and protected lands are three national forests; Boise National Forest, Payette National Forest, and Salmon National Forest. Recreation and tourism are important components of the local economy. At various times of the year the amount of people in the County increases due to tourists and residents of nearby counties seeking recreational opportunities. The majority of private lands in the County are situated along Long Valley, Round Valley, and High Valley on the western edge of the County. Another smaller portion of private land is located in the back-country areas around Yellow Pine and the South Fork of the Salmon River. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-15 Figure 3.2 Land Cover Classification from the 2016 National Land Cover Dotoset V. i < Vallee Connty, Idaho Land Cover Classification / "ell .y it .y- t Vli i .A f 1 n. Land Cover Classifications y =open Water f ei .r J •'y' : �1i C —7 rerenrual snownce Developed,open spa« ' - • • '.. Developed,Low Intensity. - •aR �" -Developed,Medium Intensity 1V Developed,High Intensity . Barren Land y � ' `t 1— i� T}�' •Pf '� �.` -Deciduous Forest t -1 _x _Evergreen Farm ,.n Mixed Forest �tk Shrub/Scrub Herbaceous Hay/Pasture yr'- � i'+yw,4 �; I" _Cultivated Crops 7 t i 7 Woody Wetlands • ' 1 1. ®F—g—llcrbaccuu.Wcdand,. Source:Mulit-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium,U.S.Census Bureau) ~ to Projection:NAD 1983 State Plane Idaho West �. Elevations in Valley County range from 2,811 feet above sea level to 9,692 feet in the north central portion of the County. Ten percent of the population works in the agricultural, fishing, and hunting/forestry industry, with five percent working in wood products. Recreation, accommodations, and food services make up seven percent of the work force. From the 1900's to 2001 logging was a major part of the economy. Numerous private mills sprang up in the 1900's. Boise Cascade Corporation's sawmill was the last to close; it ran its last log through the mill in October of 1977 and finally closed the mill in May of 2001. In 1948 Cascade Dam was completed on the Payette River for retention of water for irrigation and flood control. The building of this dam covered some of the best farming and ranch land in the valley, thus reducing the amount of agricultural land available. The reservoir was renamed Lake Cascade and has become a renowned fishing and recreational lake in the County. The city of McCall, situated north of Lake Cascade along the Payette River, is now an all-season tourist destination for outdoor recreation. Especially popular is the Winter Carnival held in McCall each winter. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-16 There are four basic designations for land use in Valley County, they are; rural, city/town, village (unincorporated communities), and tourist hubs. 3.8 Hydrology Surface Water in Valley County consists of streams, rivers, and lakes. There are numerous lakes in Valley County, which are fed by the Payette River and the North and Middle Forks of the Salmon River, as well as various streams. Both the Middle Fork and the South Fork of the Salmon River also run through the County, as well as the Johnson River. In the Cascade area the recharge of surface water is mainly through precipitation and spring snowmelt. Spring temperatures remain cool and this normally leads to small evapotranspiration rates which also lead to infiltrating waters that recharge the aquifers. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-17 4 Risk Assessment 4.1 Overview Risk assessments are key in aiding mitigation. A risk assessment identifies and characterizes hazards and the potential impacts to the county and its jurisdictions should a disaster occur. By undertaking a comprehensive risk assessment, local officials and decision makers can compare, evaluate, and prioritize mitigation actions to most effectively and efficiently reduce loss of life and property. The risk assessment also provides for more effective land use through zoning and planning, ultimately allowing for resilient growth across the jurisdictions. Hazards that pose a risk to the county and its jurisdictions are many and varied, and this plan attempts to profile those that pose the most significant threat to the populations, infrastructure, and built environment. In Valley County, these hazards include: earthquakes, floods, severe weather, landslides, and wildfire. Note, however, that this is not an exhaustive list, and that additional hazard profiles should be drafted and appended to the plan when necessary. Specifically, the Idaho Office of Emergency Management, together with FEMA Region 10 and the Idaho Geologic Survey, developed a special report for Valley County in December 2017 entitled "A Risk Assessment Database Summary for Valley County and the Incorporated Cities of Cascade, Donnelly and McCall". This report is provided in Appendix G. 4.1.2 Plan Requirements & Regulations The 2019 plan update developed the risk assessment consistent with the process and requirements detailed by FEMA. This section satisfies the following requirements: • 44 CFR §201.6(c) —The plan shall include the following: • (2) -A risk assessment that provides the factual basis for activities proposed in the strategy to reduce losses from identified hazards. Local risk assessments must provide sufficient information to enable the jurisdiction to identify and prioritize appropriate mitigation actions to reduce losses from identified hazards. The risk assessment shall include: • (i) — A description of the type, location, and extent of all-natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction. The plan shall include information on previous occurrences of hazard events and on the probability of future hazard events. • (ii) — A description of the jurisdiction's vulnerability to the hazards described in paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section. This description shall include an overall summary of each hazard and its impact on the community. All plans approved after October 1, 2008 must also address NFIP insured structures that have been repetitively damaged by floods. The plan should describe vulnerability in terms of: Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-18 (A) The types and numbers of existing and future buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities located in the identified hazard areas; (B) An estimate of the potential dollar losses to vulnerable structures identified in paragraph (c)(2)(ii)(A) this section and a description of the methodology used to prepare the estimate. (C) Providing a general description of land uses and development trends within the community so that mitigation options can be considered in future land use decisions. • (iii)—For multi-jurisdictional plans,the risk assessment section must assess each jurisdiction's risks where they vary from the risks facing the entire planning area. 4.2 Earthquake 4.2.1 Hazard Vulnerability& Risk Summary Using the estimates derived from FEMA's HAZUS model, a standardized methodology for estimating potential losses from earthquakes, an estimated 58 buildings would be at least moderately damaged and the total economic loss estimated for an earthquake equivalent to a 100-year event would cost Valley County$9,575,027. According to the 2018 Idaho State hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP), Valley County has 314 Critical facilities but less than 1% of those are in the Earthquake Area. The total number of building in 2018 in Valley County was 11,335 with a replacement cost value (RCV) of$3,764,632,000. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-19 Figure 4.1 Valley Country Earthquake Hazard Map Earthquake Hazard A 0 5 10 20 Miles 16 B EM Valley County Earthquake g Acceleration Value 0-9:Low 9-17:Medium 0 >17:High l�Places I I 4.2.2 Hazard Description An earthquake is the trembling of the ground resulting from the sudden shifting of rock beneath the earth's crust. Earthquakes are caused by a sudden slip on a fault, or the breaks and fractures where the earth's crust on either side has moved relative to the other. Such events cause waves of energy to radiate from the point of release, and cause the movement, shaking, and rolling felt during an earthquake event.The durations of earthquakes are normally limited to a few seconds Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-20 but can last for minutes in length.The resultant waves can travel hundreds to thousands of miles, causing damage to locations far from the epicenter. Movements associated with earthquakes are classified as a foreshock, main shock, or aftershock. Foreshocks occur before the main shock, which is defined as the actual onset of the earthquake, while aftershocks occur after the onset of the main shock. Main shocks can occur immediately following foreshocks or can occur days to months after. Likewise, aftershocks can occur immediately following the main shock or much later. Aftershocks can be large, damaging events that further impact an area. Earthquakes can be particularly damaging in Idaho. Geological and seismological studies show that earthquakes are likely in several active zones in Idaho and adjacent states.The state itself is ranked fifth in the nation for earthquake hazard, with only California, Nevada, Utah, and Alaska ranked higher. Idaho has experienced several damaging earthquakes over the past 100 years, with two notable events occurring in 1959 (Hebgen lake earthquake) and 1983 (Borah Peak earthquake). Both caused fatalities and millions in dollars in damage across the state. Earthquakes can cause significant damage to structures, and can cause injury, loss of life, and impact the socioeconomic functioning of affected communities.The following influence damages associated with earthquakes: • Seismic Activity — Varying between earthquake events, seismic activity ranges from localized, small points of energy release to widespread, large, and destructive releases. The length of earthquakes ranges from brief (a few seconds) to more than a minute. Earthquake epicenters can be shallow or deep, with depth influencing the type of seismic waves felt and their destructive potential. • Geology & Soil Types — The underlying geology and soil type of an area influences the propagation of the seismic waves and their impact. Stable geologic types (such as solid bedrock)are less prone to destructive shaking than geologic types that are more unstable, such as fill soils. The siting of structures and communities strongly influences the nature and extent of earthquake damages. • Development & Development Quality —The type and quality of development is vital in considering earthquake damages to a county or community. Isolated, small earthquakes in densely populated areas or areas with unreinforced masonry can be more devastating than a high-magnitude earthquake in a remote location or in an area with earthquake- appropriate building codes. • Time of Day —Time of day determines the distribution of the population, and therefore the distribution of injuries and fatalities. Residences house more people in the evening and night, whereas business centers, schools, and other day-use locations house more people in the morning and afternoon. Day of the week is also important to consider, as people's work, travel, and activities vary between weekdays and weekends. Secondary impacts,such as landslides,can also result from shaking.The following describes some of the types of damage stemming from an earthquake: Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-21 • Shaking—Ranging from minor to severe, minor shaking can cause objects to fall and other minimal damage, while severe shaking causing large structures to collapse and extensive damages. Unreinforced masonry and wood frame structures are most prone to earthquake damage. Non-structural falling hazards include loose or poorly secured objects,and include objects such as bookcases,wall hangings, and building facades.These objects can cause additional structural damage, and injury or fatality. Shaking can also rupture dams, destroy power and telephone lines, gas, sewer, or water mains, and can cause fires or other hazards that impair response and recovery efforts. • Ground Displacement — The most dramatic visual evidence of an earthquake, ground displacement often occurs along a fault line. Ground can be thrust upward, subside, or move laterally given a severe enough earthquake. Damages from ground displacement is normally limited to utility lines and transportation infrastructure, though structures situated on fault lines can also be impacted. • Landslides &Avalanches —Earthquakes often cause cascading hazards. Given conducive meteorological conditions (such as in-place snowpack or recent rain events), earthquakes can cause rock falls, landslides, or debris flows. • Liquefaction & Subsidence — Liquefaction occurs when the energy released from an earthquake weakens the strength and stiffness of a soil, while subsidence is the caving in or sinking of an area. Fill and saturated soils are notably at risk of liquefaction, which can result in widespread structural damage. Liquefaction and subsidence can also impact surface and subsurface water flow, which can impair individual or community wells as well as cause flash flood-like water flow. These impacts can likewise impact septic systems, which create additional health risks. • Seiches — Oscillating waves in an enclosed body of water caused by an earthquake are termed seiches. Although not commonly damaging given their rarity, Seiches can resemble tsunami characteristics and destructive potential. Shoreline development along a lake in earthquake-prone areas are at risk of damage,as well as dams or flood mitigation structures such as levees. Seiches can also cause hydrothermal explosions. Earthquakes are measured in both magnitude and intensity, where magnitude refers to the energy released at the source of the earthquake, and intensity refers to the strength of shaking produced by the earthquake at a discrete location. Where magnitude is derived from seismograph measurements, the effects on people, structure, and the environment determine intensity. The most common measure of magnitude is the Richter scale. The Richter scale measures magnitude as a function of the amplitude of waves recorded by seismographs, with adjustments to account for variations in distances between recording stations and the epicenter. Magnitude is expressed in whole numbers and decimals,and is measured logarithmically;that is, each whole number step corresponds to the release of about 31 times more energy than the preceding whole number. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-22 The most common measure of intensity is the Modified Mercalli Intensity(MMI) Scale.The scale, composed of increasing levels of intensity that range from imperceptible shaking to catastrophic destruction, is designated by Roman numerals. The scale does not have a mathematical basis; instead, it is an arbitrary ranking based on observed effects. Table 4.1 Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale Intensity Description Approximate Magnitude Not felt except by a very few under especially favorable conditions. 1 to 2 II Felt only by a few persons at rest, especially on upper floors of 2 to 3 buildings. Felt quite noticeably by persons indoors,especially on upper floors of III buildings.Many people do not recognize it as an earthquake.Standing 3 to 4 motor cars may rock slightly. Vibrations similar to the passing of a truck. Duration estimated. Felt indoors by many,outdoors by few during the day.At night,some IV awakened. Dishes, windows, doors disturbed; walls make cracking 4 sound. Sensation like heavy truck striking building. Standing motor cars rocked noticeably. Felt by nearly everyone; many awakened. Some dishes, windows V 4 to 5 broken. Unstable objects overturned. Pendulum clocks may stop. VI Felt by all, many frightened. Some heavy furniture moved; a few S to 6 instances of fallen plaster. Damage slight. Damage negligible in buildings of good design and construction;slight VII to moderate in well-built ordinary structures;considerable damage in 6 poorly built or badly designed structures;some chimneys broken. Damage slight in specially designed structures; considerable damage VIII in ordinary substantial buildings with partial collapse. Damage great 6 to 7 in poorly built structures. Fall of chimneys, factory stacks, columns, monuments,walls. Heavy furniture overturned. Damage considerable in specially designed structures; well-designed ix frame structures thrown out of plumb. Damage great in substantial 7 buildings,with partial collapse. Buildings shifted off foundations. 4.2.3 Hazard Occurrence, Location & Extent The severity or magnitude of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale (generally ranging from 2 to 10) with significant damage expected from seismic activity registering a 5.0 or higher. From 1900 to 1985 there were 18 earthquakes with a magnitude of 4.5 or higher. The 2018 Idaho State HMP identifies three of the larger earthquakes impacting Valley County as occurring in 1927, 1977, and 2005 (See Table 3.2 for an expanded description). Table 4.2 Notable Earthquake Occurrences, Valley County(per the 2018 Idaho State HMP) Date Magnitude Description Epicenter 1927 5 On Idaho-Oregon border,west of Cascade Connor Creek Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-23 1977 4.5 Drywall,foundations cracked;ceiling beams separated Cascade 2005 4 Between September and December 2005,thousands of small,very shallow Alpha Swarm earthquakes occurred 4.2.3.1 City of Cascade City of Cascade is exposed to similar earthquake threat as the greater planning area. 4.2.3.2 City of Donnelly City of Donnelly is exposed to similar earthquake threat as the greater planning area. 4.2.3.3 City of McCall City of McCall is exposed to similar earthquake threat as the greater planning area. 4.2.4 Future Probability Figure 4.2 USGS Seismic Forecast Although predicting exact future occurrences of earthquakes is impossible, all of Valley N County is characterized by a two percent chance over the next 50 years to exceed a VI on the MMI Scale (shown above). Should any of the participating jurisdictions experience ? - f m - Chance of daage shaking from an earthquake, it will likely be a '" j -T —__ L O�nva 10%—12% result of a regional event. Furthermore, the , , /------- _ 2%-5% ,%-2% USGS now produces one-year seismic hazard forecasts for both shaking intensity and damage. - 4.3 Flood "~ Ba.,d o„the presotoptioo 4.3.1 Hazard Vulnerability & Risk Summary a 1hgoak-occur mat-1h Valley County's population and structures are exposed moderate to high flood risk.The majority of the planning area's overall risk to floods is low as is the unincorporated area. Flooding within Valley County occurs on an annual basis and is considered the "most serious and costly natural hazard" affecting the area. Some common causes of flooding include heavy rainfall, urban storm water overflow, rapid snowmelt, rising ground-water, riverine ice jams, fluctuating lake levels, and alluvial fan flooding. However,the three main flooding concerns for Valley County stem from flash flooding, river flooding, and dam failures. New FEMA FIRM maps were completed and adopted by the jurisdictions in 2019, but this was after the risk assessment for this report was completed. Thus, this risk assessment is based on the best available data just prior to that. The University of Idaho and our Georgetown University affiliates will work with the county and the IOEM to provide an updated flood risk assessment separate from this HMP. Each jurisdiction has an updated floodplain ordinance, adopted just prior to or after the new FIRM maps that controls development within the floodplain zones delineated in the new FIRM maps. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-24 Figure 4.3 Valley County Flood Hazard Map Flood Hazard 0 5 10 20 Miles F _}__.... I Yellow Pine 4 all Y V A L L E Y nnelly O Places 0 Valley County Flood 1%annual chance of flooding:High 0.2%annual chance of flooding:Medium arcade Below 0.2%annual chance of flooding:Low I j I l miths Ferry LI 4.3.2 Hazard Description Thousands of floods occur each year, making it one of the most common hazards in all 50 states. Flooding is often a natural process where excess water overflows a waterway and inundates adjacent land (termed the floodplain). Flooding results from several different causes, including significant precipitation or snowmelt events, ice and debris jams on waterways, and structural Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-25 failures or breakages. An understanding of the role of atmospheric systems, the natural environment, and the built environment is key to understanding and mitigating flood-related losses. Floods kill an average of 150 people per year nationwide, with most injuries and deaths occurring when people are swept away by flood currents. Floods also cause significant economic losses, with most damage resulting from the inundation of property by sediment-laden water. Faster moving floodwater can wash buildings off their foundations and sweep vehicles downstream. Pipelines, bridges, and other infrastructure are also at risk, and high water combined with flood debris can result in infrastructure damage and loss of use. Effects from flooding can also include floating fuel tanks, inundation of subdivisions, road washouts, and basement flooding—all of which can result in extensive damage. These damages predominately occur in the floodplain, which are those areas the excess water inundates. Floodplains range from narrow and confined channels to wide and flat areas depending on the topographical features near the waterway. Floodplain characteristics contribute to the speed and characteristics of flooding. In narrow and confined channels, flooding is normally rapid but short duration, with deep and rapid floodwaters. In contrast, flooding can be relatively slow, shallow, and last for long periods in flat floodplains. Many factors influence the size of a flood, such as the size of the catchment area or watershed,topographic characteristics such as mountainous slopes and elevation changes, land-use characteristics or structural modifications, and the characteristics of meteorological events. Natural flood events are often classified into the following: • Riverine Flood — Perceived as the classic 'flood' event, riverine flooding occurs when the floodplain (the lowland areas adjacent to rivers and lakes)is inundated with water, usually caused by a weather system with prolonged or intense rainfall. Large-scale weather systems can cause both large and small rivers and streams to flood, notably if prolonged or intense rainfall is distributed over a wide area. Localized weather systems can also produce flooding, though normally such systems impact smaller rivers and streams. Riverine flooding can also result from snowmelt, which in turn can be a result of above- freezing temperatures and rain-on-snow events. • Flash Flood—Characterized by a rapid rise in surface water levels,flash floods often have a high flow velocity and are capable of carrying large amounts of debris, such as trees and boulders, making flash flood events capable of extensive damage. Intense rainfall events in areas with steep watershed or stream gradients often results in flash floods, notable in the steep mountainous terrain found across Idaho. Dam or levee failure, wildfire, debris or ice jam breakage, and rapid snowmelt can cause flash floods, as all can release large volumes of stored water in a short period. Urban development also drives flash floods due to an increase of impervious surfaces, inadequate or failing drainage systems, and the channelization of rivers and streams. • Alluvial Fan Flood —This type of flood occurs most commonly in the alluvial fans created by the meandering of streams and rivers and are the most prevalent flood type in arid Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-26 regions. Alluvial fans pose a significant flood risk due to active erosion, sedimentation, deposition, and unpredictability of flow paths. As the floodway fills with deposited sediment, the river or stream can quickly reach overbank flood stages and channelize a new floodway. Human activities often exacerbate flooding and erosion on alluvial fans by altering flow patterns and constructing impervious surfaces with the potential to carry high-velocity flows to lower portions of the fan. • Ice & Debris Jam Flood —Similar in characteristics to riverine floods and flash floods, ice jams or debris can accumulate at obstruction points on a stream or river and restrict water flow upstream,causing the banks behind the obstruction to inundate.These jams can also break, resulting in a sudden large discharge of stored water to the downstream reaches. The formation of these jams is dependent on meteorological and other physical conditions, often occurring at natural channel constrictions and shallow points along the channel, where water is able to freeze. Human-built structures such as bridges can also act as obstruction points. Ice and debris jam flooding most often occurs in the fall,winter, and spring due to the formation and loss of ice. Flood damages from ice and debris jam breakages often exceed that caused by riverine flooding, as water elevations are higher and more unpredictable and floodwaters can carry debris. Given the climatological characteristics of spring snowmelt, stream channels are defined by the long-term average spring high flow. Small flow peaks exceeding this level and the stream's occupation of the floodplain are relatively common events; however, above-average snowpack or above-average early-year temperatures regimes (e.g., prolonged warmth)can generate runoff volumes significantly greater than the conveyance ability of stream channels. Such events can result in widespread damages and losses, as snowmelt-driven floods tend to last for longer periods than other meteorologically-driven floods (from a period of several days to several weeks). However, floods resulting from rainfall on frozen ground or rainfall associated with warm, regional frontal system that melts low and intermediate-altitude snow can be the most severe flood events. Rain-on-snow events quickly introduce large quantities of water into the stream channel system, overloading its capacity. These events can cause a swift rise in floodwaters, which can damage property and interrupt socioeconomic activity in downstream floodplains. In general, these flood events can be predicted 24 to 72 hours in advance. The most commonly reported flood magnitude is the "base flood", or the flood magnitude with a one-percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year (it was previously commonly referred to as the 100-year flood). It is important to note that this flood magnitude is statistically independent and can occur in consecutive years or within the same year. The floodplain pertaining to the base flood is often delineated and mapped to identify areas with significant flood risk; other statistical frequencies can also notate flood probabilities corresponding to a certain degree of risk (e.g., the 0.2 percent annual chance flood, also known as the 500-year flood). The base flood is often referred to as the regulatory flood, and the Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-27 corresponding floodplain is often termed the regulatory floodplain given the state and federal policies (e.g., the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) that regulate development within its area. It is important to note the difference between the regulatory floodplain and the physical floodplain. The regulatory floodplain corresponds to an area delineated by FEMA where specific regulations apply. The regulatory floodplain is more limited than the physical floodplain, as the regulatory floodplain is delineated through surveys and modeling that cannot account for all waterways and waterbodies in the county. FEMA-mapped floodplain shows three regulatory flood zones: • Zone X — Areas identified in a community's Flood Insurance Study (FIS) as areas of moderate or minimal hazard from the principal source of flood in the area. However, buildings in these zones are at risk of flooding if severe, concentrated rainfall is coupled with inadequate local drainage systems. Flood insurance is available in participating communities but is not required by regulation in these zones. • Zone A — Areas at risk to inundation by the one-percent annual chance flood event. Mandatory flood insurance purchase requirements apply. However, detailed hydraulic analyses have not been performed, and no base flood elevations (BFEs) or flood depths are shown. • Zone AE — Areas subject to inundation by the one-percent annual chance flood event determined by detailed methods. Mandatory flood insurance purchase requirements apply. BFEs are shown within these zones. 4.3.3 Hazard Occurrence, Location, Extent Per the 2018 Idaho State HMP, participation in the NFIP is based on an agreement between a local government and the Federal Government that states if a community will adopt and enforce a floodplain management ordinance to reduce future flood risks to construction and other ground disturbing activities in mapped Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA), the Federal Government will make flood insurance available within the community as a financial protection against flood losses. While Valley County has only 2.0% of its total area (land and water) susceptible to a 1% rated flooding event, it does maintain more than 3%of its population within SFHA. Valley County also carries a state replacement cost value (RCV)of facilities within the SFHA at $3,764,632,000. Valley County had 48 National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policies with 1 claims and total loss payment of$0. As defined by NFIP standards, Valley County had a total of 0 repetitive loss (RL) designated properties. Table 4.3 NFIP Statistics for Valley County Community NFIP CRS Flood Claims Repetitive Loss Policies Insurance In- Written Premium Name Status Status Claims Paid Properties In-force force Whole In-force Valley County Active NA 1 0 0 48 Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-28 Table 4.4 Historic Flood Occurrences Date Type Declaration Location Casualties Losses(Total for Idaho) Jan. 1997 Flood Northern and Valley $19,404,105 in public Central Floods(DR- County, assistance, 1154) Statewide Apr. 14,2002 Flash Flood - Valley&Boise Counties Jun.2010 Flood& Northern State Valley and Preliminary damage Brown's Pond Flooding(DR-1927) other counties estimates to roads over Dam Failure $5 million Mar.2017 Severe Severe Storms, Valley and $10.5 million in damages weather, Flooding, Landslides other counties flood and Mudslides(DR- 4313) 4.3.3.1 City of Cascade City of Cascade is exposed to a higher flooding threat than the greater planning area. 4.3.3.2 City of Donnelly City of Donnelly is exposed to a higher flooding threat than the greater planning area. 4.3.3.3 City of McCall City of McCall is exposed to higher flooding threat than the greater planning area. 4.3.4 Future Probability The probability of future floods across the multi-jurisdictional planning area is low to moderate. Low-magnitude flood events are expected to occur multiple times per year. The impacts of these events are slight and will likely amount to minor property damage or temporary traffic issues. This needs to be reevaluated periodically due to erratic national weather patterns taking place in the last five years likely due to climate change. 4.4 Severe Weather 4.4.1 Hazard Vulnerability & Risk Summary The plan update did not identify any specific jurisdictions or special districts with significant deviation from the planning area's overall risk to severe weather. Valley County and its jurisdictions are vulnerable to severe weather (such as winter storms, lightning, or tornados) in a range of low to high in magnitude (see Figures below). The overall State HMP designation for Valley County exposure to severe weather is high. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-29 Figure 4.4 Valley County Winter Weather Hazard Map Winter Weather Hazard 0 5 10 20 Mdes loYellow Pine ia'McCall V A L L E Y : Donnelly O Vatley County Winter Weather Score Value 0-145 Low 145.245:Medium 1245:HqI 0 Places Cascade miths Ferry Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan II-30 Figure 4.5 Valley County Lightening Hazard Mop Lightning Hazard A 0 5 10 20 fv6les OYellow Pine 1'J�MCcall `1 ,4 L L E Y _flannelly Valley County Lightning Score Value 0-25:Low 25-45:Medium >45:High tCascade Places miths Ferry Ir _ i Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan II-31 Figure 4.6 Valley County Tornado Hazard Map Tornado Hazard A 0 5 10 20 Mies fir'/Yellow Pine A L L E Y 4bonneiIv 0 Valley County Tornado Score Value 0-39:Low 39-73:Medium >73:High tyCascade Places t 1 t { f miths Ferry 4.4.2 Hazard Description Severe weather is a serious hazard across Idaho,occurring with regular frequency and oftentimes damaging or disrupting intensity. Although the term "severe weather' is nebulous, the plan defines severe weather as any meteorological phenomenon with the potential to cause harm or injury to individuals, the built environment, or economic sectors. Such phenomena include (but are not limited to) high winds, lightning, tornados, winter storms, extreme heat and cold Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-32 temperatures, hydrometeorological events (e.g., hail and heavy rain), and thunderstorms. Often these events are coincidental, making delineation difficult. • Extreme Temperature —Commonly referred to as a heat wave, extreme heat is a period of significant above-normal temperatures in a locality. Urban development amplifies extreme heat effects due the heat island effect. Extreme heat impacts human health through heat exhaustion, sunstroke, and heat cramps. Opposite extreme heat is extreme cold, which is classified as a period of significant below-normal temperatures in a locality. Winds of 10 mph or greater can amplify extreme cold impacts.Advisories are issued when wind chill temperatures reach -20 degrees F or lower with winds of 10 mph or higher for one hour or more. Similar to extreme heat, extreme cold is of greatest concern under persistence over an extended period. Extreme cold can be associated with the formation of ice and freezing which can result in flooding. • Hail — Defined as precipitation in the form of irregular pellets or balls of ice more than 5 mm in diameter falling from a cumulonimbus cloud.Created by the vertical cycle of a wind and water in a storm mass (or cell), the ice accumulation that forms hail can reach sizes up to four inches in diameter (though hail of three-fourths of an inch or greater is sufficient to classify a thunderstorm as severe). Nationally, hail causes approximately $1 billion in property and crop damage annually, as peak activity coincides with peak agricultural seasons. Severe hailstorms also cause considerable damage to buildings and automobiles, but rarely result in loss of life. • Lightning — A product of the violent movement of air within a thunderstorm, the NWS defines lightning as "visible electrical discharge produced by a thunderstorm." The discharge can occur within or between clouds, between clouds and air, between clouds and the earth's surface, and between the earth's surface and clouds. Lightning can be over five miles in length, generate temperatures above 50,000 degrees F, and carry 50,000 volts of electrical potential. Lightning strikes can be deadly, notably direct strikes where the person or structure is the direct path for lightning conduction to the ground. Side strikes are like a direct strike but diverts to an alternate path from the initial grounding point. Conducted strikes occur when the electrical current from the initial grounding point through a conductive material (such as electrical and electronic equipment). Lightning can also induce secondary discharges by altering the electrical potential between adjacent structures, through the earth's surface, and in electrical equipment. • Straight-Line Wind—A term used to distinguish between non-rotating and rotating winds (i.e., tornados). Generated by thunderstorms, straight-line winds reach speeds more than 100 miles per hour (mph). The NWS defines 'high winds' as sustained wind speeds of 40 mph or greater over a one-hour period or longer, or winds of 58 mph or greater over any period.Windstorms affect areas with significant tree stands,as well as areas with exposed property, major infrastructure, and aboveground utility lines. Of note are downbursts (also known as microbursts), which are a straight-line wind and are small areas of rapidly Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-33 descending rain and rain-cooled air beneath a thunderstorm with potential wind velocities equal to that of a strong tornado. • Thunderstorms — Produced when unstable atmospheric conditions exist, and warm, moist air forced upward condenses to form cumulonimbus clouds. Most common in the spring and summer months during the afternoon and evening hours, thunderstorms persist an average of 10 to 20 minutes (though can persist much longer), during which they can produce heavy rain, hail, lightning, strong winds, and tornadoes. Thunderstorm types include dry thunderstorms, pulse severe thunderstorms, severe thunderstorms, and supercell thunderstorms. Dry thunderstorms are characterized by 'dry lightning', where lightning is observed but little to no precipitation reaches the earth's surface due to evaporation into the dry air beneath the storm cell. Pulse severe thunderstorms are single-cell thunderstorms that produce brief periods of severe weather, such as a tornado, winds of at least 58 mph, and/or at least three-fourths of an inch hail size. A severe thunderstorm is one in which winds reach at least 40 mph and/or hail of at least one-half inch in size. Finally, a supercell thunderstorm is the most dangerous. These storms produce downbursts, large hail, and long-lived violent tornados. • Tornadoes —The most concentrated and violent storms produced by the atmosphere. A tornado is a column (also known as a vortex) of air composed of rotating wind and strong vertical motion. Wind speeds within the vortex range between 40 and 300 mph, and the vortex itself can travel at speeds up to 70 mph over a distance between 10 and 200 miles (although shorter distances have been reported).Though damages are generally confined to a narrow path, tornadoes can devastate a large distance, and a single storm can produce multiple tornados. • Winter Storms—Characterized by low/freezing temperatures, blowing snow,and ice. Like all severe storms, winter storms range in size, duration, and intensity, with potential to impact both large and localized areas. Severe winter storms deposit four or more inches of snow during a 12-hour period, or six inches during a 24-hour period.To be classified as a blizzard, winds must exceed 35 mph with temperatures below 20 degrees F. Particularly damaging are ice storms, characterized by cold rain freezing immediately on contact with a surface. In general, the principal hazards associated with severe winter storms are snow/ice accumulation, extreme cold, and reduction of visibility. Such storms can also disrupt transportation, power and communication lines, and halt everyday activities. 4.4.3 Hazard Occurrence, Location & Extent According to the 2018 Idaho State HMP,Valley County has 0%of population located in the Severe Storm Hazard Area. However,the same plan identifies Valley county risk exposure to this hazard as high. 4.4.3.1 City of Cascade City of Cascade is exposed to similar severe weather threat as the greater planning area. 4.4.3.2 City of Donnelly City of Donnelly is exposed to similar severe weather as the greater planning area. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-34 4.4.3.2 City of McCall City of McCall is exposed to similar severe weather the greater planning area. 4.4.4 Future Probability All of jurisdictions included in this plan are at risk to severe weather, and there is a certain high probability of continued severe weather occurrence within the planning area. Future climate change impacts could lead to more severe weather in the area which could force-multiply the primary hazards as well as potential secondary and tertiary ones. As mentioned in the flooding section of this document, increasing temperatures will lead to the melting of snow and ice in the mountain areas which will contribute to increased flooding disasters. According to the EPA, if there is less frequency of storms then drought conditions could occur which can lead to wildfires as well as failed agriculture. 4.5 Landslide 4.5.1 Hazard Vulnerability & Risk Summary Valley County and its jurisdictions' entire population and structures have a high risk of exposure to landslides. The plan update did not identify any specific jurisdictions or special districts with significant deviation from the planning area's overall risk to landslides.The backcountry of Valley County, which is susceptible to landslides and mudslides, hosts all the geological factors necessary to also induce chronic snow avalanches. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-35 Figure 4.7 Valley County Landslide Hazard Map Landslide Hazard A 0 5 10 20 Wes 0 Valley County Landslide Score VALUE 77 0-24: Low 24-60:Medium >60:High f Cascade Places L�rFl19Ci'1i Ferry 4.5.2 Hazard Description Defined by the U.S. Geological Survey as "movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope, landslides are a type of mass wasting, which denotes any down-slope movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity." Landslides and mudslides are often triggered by preceding meteorological or human caused events such as heavy rainfall or excavation, mining and deforestation. Landslides occur on an annual basis in Valley County but are often in remote areas limiting the damage to service roads and utility infrastructure; however, these mass waste Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-36 sites have a significant ecological impact and are estimated to cost tens of thousands of dollars in damages every year.Although gravity acting on an over-steepened slope is the primary reason for a landslide, there are other contributing factors: Erosion by rivers, glaciers, or ocean waves create over steepened slopes; Rock and soil slopes are weakened through saturation by snowmelt or heavy rains; Earthquakes create stresses that make weak slopes fail; • Earthquakes of magnitude 4.0 and greater have been known to trigger landslides; Volcanic eruptions produce loose ash deposits, heavy rain, and debris flows; Excess weight from accumulation of rain or snow, stockpiling of rock or ore, from waste; Piles, or from man-made structures may stress weak slopes to failure and other structures; and Unsustainable deforestation or other loss of vegetative cover can contribute to landslides. 4.5.3 Hazard Occurrence, Location & Extent Table 4.5 Historic Landslide,State and Federal Declarations Date Type Declaration Location Casualties Losses Nov. 1997 Landslide Federal DR-1177 Valley and statewide - Mar.6, 2017 Landslide, State Disaster Valley - $9 million+ Severe Storms, Proclamation ID-03-2017 County and others Floods and Federal DR-4313 4.5.3.1 City of Cascade City of Cascade is exposed to similar landslide threat as the greater planning area. 4.5.3.2 City of Donnelly City of Donnelly is exposed to similar landslide threat as the greater planning area. 4.5.3.2 City of McCall City of McCall is exposed to similar landslide threat as the greater planning area. 4.5.4 Future Probability Long-term climate change may result in an increase in precipitation and ground saturation and a rise in ground-water level, reducing the shear strength and increasing the weight of the soil. Additionally, erosion of streams and riverbanks as well as increases seismic activity could exacerbate the occurrence of landslides. It is advisable to include a hazard overlay in future ordinance and zoning map updates that put forth specific development standards and criteria for more specific hazards like landslides as the factors that contribute to landslides are tending to increase and intensify in the next decade. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-37 4.6 Wildfire 4.6.1 Hazard Vulnerability & Risk Summary The 2018 Idaho State HMP notes that the hazard of wildfire is one that is significant not only in Idaho but in many areas of the United States. Wildfires can increase the probability of other natural disasters, specifically floods and mudflows. Valley County's overall population and structures are exposed to a range of low to high wildfire risk across the county (See Figure 3.8). Figure 4.8 Valley County Wildfire Hazard Map Wildfire Hazard 0 5 10 20 Miles 702 i i e .,'1 ,�► F s q ; sly wai ,} ♦+� {` i Fire Regime Group %3 w• �P _ A ,7 t.1wi, 404, Ferry yir Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan II-38 With wildfires growing in severity and intensity throughout the west, this hazard is quickly becoming one of the costliest types of disasters in terms of damage to property and lives lost, reaching totals that had previously only been seen from damage associated with flooding, severe storms, and tropical storms. According to the National Interagency Fire Center, a clear trend has emerged over the last 30 years showing an increase in the number of wildfires, number of acres burned, and costs associated with fire suppression all rising, and in some categories, exponentially. Historically, wildfires were an integral part of regrowth and rejuvenation in western forest but due encroachment from expanding urban areas, deforestation, a warming climate, and a shift in federal policy to extinguish every fire, the risks presented from modern- day wildfires is much greater than it has ever been. • Wildland-Urban Interface: Within Valley County, over 1.2 million acres have burned from 1948 to 2000 with the average number of fires per year around 200 and the average fire size around 800 acres, according to the 2004 Valley County Wildland-Urban Interface Wildfire Mitigation Plan. The distinction of a wildfire being categorized as a natural occurrence instead of a natural disaster lies in the areas where wildland vegetation meets urban developments, known as the wildland-urban interface. In addition to the homes and other structures that lie inside the wildland-urban interface, several utilities have placed their infrastructure within these boundaries, subsequently increasing the risk and cost associated with damage from wildfires. 4.6.2 Wildfire Annex Under agreement, the 2018 Valley County Wildfire Protection Plan acts as the Wildfire Annex to the Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. The plan can be found in Appendix H. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-39 5 Mitigation Strategy 5.1 Overview The mitigation strategy is a comprehensive effort to reduce or eliminate potential losses from the hazards identified by the planning team and detailed in the risk assessment (see Risk Assessment). The goals, objectives, and actions that comprise the strategy were carried forward from the former plan (with revisions where necessary), with additional goals, objectives, and actions developed through collaborative effort across the county that included its communities, various State and Federal agencies, and through public engagement. 5.1.1 Summary of Revisions Major revisions include: • Moved the mitigation strategy forward in the plan organization; • Reviewed and revised goals and objectives; • Reviewed and revised all mitigation actions to reflect progress to date; • Updated all mitigation actions with estimated cost, timelines, and potential funding avenues where possible/applicable; • Removed mitigation actions no longer relevant or necessary; and • Included additional mitigation actions. 5.1.2 FEMA Requirements This section adheres to and fulfills the following regulations: • 44 CFR §201.6(c)(3) — A mitigation strategy that provides the jurisdiction's blueprint for reducing the potential losses identified in the risk assessment, based on existing authorities, policies, programs, and resources, and its ability to expand on and improve these existing tools. o (i) —A description of mitigation goals to reduce or avoid long-term vulnerabilities to the identified hazards. o (ii) — A section that identifies and analyzes a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions and projects being considered to reduce the effects of each hazard, with emphasis on new and existing buildings and infrastructure. All plans approved by FEMA after October 1,2008, must also address the jurisdiction's participation in the NFIP, and continued compliance with NFIP requirements, as appropriate. o (iii)—An action plan, describing how the action identified in paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section will be prioritized, implemented, and administered by the local jurisdiction. Prioritization shall include a special emphasis on the extent to which benefits are maximized according to cost benefit review of the proposed projects and their associated costs. o (iv) —For multijurisdictional plans, there must be identifiable action items specific to the jurisdiction requesting FEMA approval or credit of the plan. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-40 5.2 Mitigation Strategy Goals Goals and objectives frame the mitigation strategy and are put forward and adopted by the planning team at the outset of the planning process. The 2020 plan update revisited and revised the goals included in the former plan to enhance their cogency and applicability to Valley County and its incorporated cities. The following seven goals guided the planning process and update of the mitigation strategy: 1. To minimize the area of land damaged and losses experienced because of hazards where these risks threaten communities in the county. 2. Prioritize the protection of people, structures, infrastructure,and unique ecosystems that contribute to our way of life and the sustainability of the local and regional economy. 3. Educate communities about the unique opportunities and challenges of pre- and post- disaster hazard mitigation, disaster response, and post-disaster recovery. 4. Establish mitigation priorities and develop mitigation strategies. 5. Strategically locate, plan, coordinate, and implement hazard reduction projects with emphasis on those projects to reduce exposure to multiple hazards. 6. Continue and enhance cooperation, coordination, and capabilities of agencies and partners within the county. 7. Ensure long-term viability of the county to support successful mitigation, response, and recovery through human resources. 5.3 Valley County Mitigation Actions & Implementation Plan The following table shows the specific actions and projects to be implemented over the plan's five-year life. Table S.1 Valley County Mitigation Actions and Implementation Plan Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-41 Agency,Valley County Action Items Goals Lead Cost, & Resources Priority Type General Timeline:1 year from completion Planning& 1 Update Emergency Operating 5 6 7 Valley County EM and Cost:$5 of AHMP 000 New Regulatory Plan , Stakeholder agencies Priority:High Funding and/or Resources:IOEM Preparedness& Planning section,SHSP Response Valley County EM and Timeline:2023 New Preparedness& 2 Provide signage for all hazards 5,6 Stakeholder agencies Cost:$5,000 Priority:Med Response Funding and/or Resources:SHSP Valley County Economic Timeline:2025 Planning& Survey and review current committee,Infrastructure Cost:Unknown New Regulatory 3 housing requirements for 7 agencies,County and City Funding and/or Resources: Priority:High employee housing Preparedness& officials Unknown Response Valley County Economic Timeline:2025 Planning& Survey and review staffing Regulatory 4 shortages throughout county 3,5,6,7 committee,Infrastructure Cost:Unknown New employment agencies,County and City Funding and/or Resources: Priority:High preparedness& officials Unknown Response Survey and review staffing Emergency Manager,First Timeline:2025 5 shortages throughout first 7 responder agencies,County and Cost:Unknown New Preparedness& responder employment City officials Funding and/or Resources: Priority:High Response Unknown Extended Power Outage Lease or build fiber optic Timeline:5 years connection out of valley and Valley County,private sector Cost:Not provided 6 within County to augment 5,6,7 partners include Frontier Funding and/or Resources: New existing WAN services provided Communications,CenturyLink Grant opportunities exist for Priority:Moderate by third parties. and Spark. critical infrastructure or possible levy option or fee and bond Severe Weather Plan Goals: 1,2,4 Timeline:2022 Inspect Schools and other public Cost:$35,000 Specific:Valley County will Valley County Building buildings for snow-load Funding and/or Resources: Ongoing Structure& 7 resistance and retrofit when develop methods to mitigate Department,Emergency Apply for a HMA Planning Grant Priority:Low Infrastructure necessary. the losses due to severe Management to update the seismic section of weather in the County. the AHMP. Plan Goals:1,2,4 Specific:Valley County will Timeline:2025 $ Surfacing of secondary access develop methods to mitigate Valley County Road&Bridge, Cost:$750,000 Ongoing Structure& routes for all weather use. Emergency Management Funding and/or Resources: Priority:Moderate Infrastructure the losses due to severe Apply for LHTAC Funding weather in the County. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-42 Plan Goals:2,6,7 Timeline:2030 Planning& Work with Adams County to Specific:Valley County will Cost:$1 Million Ongoing Regulatory 9 establish an east/west develop methods to mitigate Emergency Management Funding and/or Resources: Priority:Low emergency evacuation route. the losses due to severe Apply for Federal Highway Preparedness& weather in the County. Funding Response Install Portable Digital Message Plan Goals: 1,2,3 Timeline:2025 Specific:Valley County will Cost:$50,000 Boards at the entrance to the Emergency Management,Valley Ongoing Preparedness& 10 develop methods to mitigate Funding and/or Resources:Apply canyons to warn of hazardous the losses due to severe County Sheriff's Office for LHTAC funding Priority:Moderate Response conditions. weather in the County. Plan Goals: 2,S,6 Timeline:Unknown Keep Smith Ferry Road open Specific:Valley County will Cost:Unknown Ongoing Preparedness& 11 develop methods to mitigate Valley County Road Department during the winter Funding and/or Resources: Priority:Low Response the losses due to severe weather in the County. Flooding Plan Goals:1,2,3,6 Specific:Valley County will continue to participate in the Timeline: 12 Continue participation in the NFIP National Flood Insurance Valley County Floodplain Cost:No cost Ongoing Planning& Program and develop actions Administrator Funding and/or Resources: Priority:High Regulatory that will reduce the damage to County infrastructure due to flash and stream flooding. Plan Goals: 1,2,4,5 Timeline:2025 Identify all surface water Specific:Valley County will Cost:$50,000 13 drainage obstructions develop actions that will reduce Valley County Funding and/or Resources: Ongoing Structure& the damage to County Road&Bridge Department Apply for LHTAC funds to update Priority:High Infrastructure (bridges/culverts)in the county. infrastructure due to flash and Transportation Plan and create stream flooding. inventory Plan Goals:1,2,3,4,6 Specific:Valley County will continue to participate in the Timeline:2023 14 Establish a Flood Hazard Advisory National Flood Insurance Valley County Cost:No cost Ongoing Planning& Commission. Program and develop actions Commissioners Funding and/or Resources: Priority:Low Regulatory that will reduce the damage to Unknown County infrastructure due to flash and stream flooding. Plan Goals:1,2,5,6 Ongoing,continuing Encourage development of Timeline:2023 Specific: effort,did update Comp acquisition and management conti Valley County will nue to participate in the Cost:$50,000 ePlan.Adopted new Planning& 15 strategies of floodplains for flood Valley County Commissioners Funding and/or Resources: mitigation,water quality,and National Flood Insurance Unknown Flood Maps(FIRM)and Regulatory wildlife. Program and develop actions ordinances. that will reduce the damage to Priority:Low Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-43 County infrastructure due to flash and stream flooding. Geological Plan Goal: 1,2,4 Timeline:Unknown Collect a HAZUS GIs inventory of Specific:Valley County will Cost:$10,000 critical facilities and assess the reduce potential damage to Emergency Management,Valley Ongoing Structure& 16 seismic risk to those facilities County infrastructure and County Building Department Funding and/or Resources:Apply Priority:High Infrastructure with HAZUS structures through for Cl/KR Funds under the sHSP Investment implementation of earthquake mitigation techniques. Plan Goals:1,2,4 Valley County will reduce Structure& Inspect buildings, articular) Timeline:Unknown p g particularly potential damage to County Infrastructure 17 unreinforced masonry,for infrastructure and structures Valley County Building Cost:No cost Ongoing earthquake stability. through implementation of Department Funding and/or Resources:HMA Priority:High Planning& earthquake mitigation Funding Regulatory techniques. Plan goals:1,2,4 Specific:Valley County will Timeline:2022 reduce potential damage to Cost:$35,000 Assess seismic hazard on public Valley County Building Ongoing Structure& 18 buildings. County infrastructure and Department Funding and/or Resources: Priority:High Infrastructure structures through HMA Planning Grant to redo implementation of earthquake Seismic Section of AHMP mitigation techniques. Plan goals:1,2,4,6 Specific:Valley County will Structure& Establish a special task force to Timeline:Unknown Infrastructure 19 help schools reduce structural County infrastructure and reduce potential damage to Valley County Commissioners, Cost:No cost Ongoing and nonstructural seismic School districts Funding and/or Resources: Priority:Low Planning& hazards. structures through Unknown Regulatory implementation of earthquake mitigation techniques. Plan Goals:1,2,6 Specific:Valley County will Planning& Timeline:2023 Inspect schools and other public reduce potential damage to Regulatory 20 buildings for snow-load County infrastructure and Valley County Commissioners Cost: 0 Ongoing Fundinngg and/or Resources: Priority:Low resistance and retrofit necessary. structures through HMA Funding Structure& implementation of earthquake Infrastructure mitigation techniques. Plan Goals:1,2,4,6 Timeline:Unknown Ongoing. Specific: Valley County will Cost:$10,000 Adopted IRC and IBC at 21 Develop a landslide hazard reduce the potential damage to Emergency Management,Idaho Funding and/or Resources: county levels.Need to Planning& identification study. property from landslides by Geologic Survey,IOEM grant and/or work with do an assessment of Regulatory adopting the International universities or Idaho Geologic landslide areas. Building Code and standards for Survey Priority:High Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-44 construction in landslide prone areas. Plan Goals:1,2,7 Specific:Valley County will reduce the potential damage to Timeline:Unknown Standardize practices for Planning& property from landslides by Valley County Commissioners, Cost:$25,000 Ongoing 22 excavation,construction,and Regulatory grading of roads. adopting the International Valley Road Department Funding and/or Resources: Priority:High Building Code and standards for Unknown construction in landslide prone areas. Biological Plan Goal: 1,2,3 Timeline:Continuous Maintain an active"fight the Specific:Valley County will seek Health District and Emergency Cost:No Cost Ongoing Education 23 to reduce the exposure of bite"public education program. Services Funding and/or Resources: Priority:Low Programs humans and animals to the Unknown West Nile Virus. Structure Fire Encouraging private property Plan Goals: 1,2,3 Timeline:2023 owners to install and maintain Specific: Valley County will seek Cost:$65,000 Ongoing Education 24 smoke detectors on all levels of to reduce losses from structure Fire Districts Funding and/or Resources: Priority:High Programs residences and to place detectors fires through working with Assistance to Fire Fighters Safety in all bedrooms. private property owners. Grant Program Plan Goals:1,2,7 Timeline:2021 Improve water supplies for fire- Specific Goal:Valley County will 25 fighting countywide using existing seek to reduce losses from Fire Districts Cost: bodies of water. structure fires through working Fundinngg 0 Ongoing Structure& and/or Resources: Priority:High Infrastructure Unknown with private property owners. Hazardous Material 6 4 2, , Conduct a hazardous materials Plan Goals: 1, Timeline:Unknown Specific:Valley County will seek flow study for US and State Valley County Emergency Cost:$8,000 Ongoing Preparedness& 26 to reduce losses from structure Highways running through the fires through working with Services,IOEM Funding and/or Resources: Priority:Low Response County. HMEP grant and conduct study private property owners. Riot/Demonstrations/Civil Disorder Conduct a public education Plan Goals: 2,3 program to assist the citizens of Specific:Valley County will Timeline: 024 Cost:$10,000 the County in recognizing and develop methods to identify and Valley County Ongoing Education 27 Funding and/or Resources: reporting civil disobedience report civil disobedience Sheriff's Office law enforcement grants to Priority:Moderate Programs events to county law activities. conduct public education. enforcement. Terrorism Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-45 Plan Goals:1,2,4 Specific:Valley County will Timeline:2020 Conduct a County Terrorism identify measures to protect Cost:$100,000 Ongoing Planning& 28 critical County infrastructure Emergency Services Assessment. Funding and/or Resources: Priority:High Regulatory and facilities from potential terror incidents. Unknown Other Plan Goals:2,3 Timeline:Unknown Preparedness& Develop a program to promote Specific:Improve safety in Cost:No Cost Ongoing Response 29 "72 Hour"personal emergency Valley County Emergency Management Funding and/or Resources: Priority:Low kits. Unknown Education Plan Goals:1,4,6,7 Planning& Specific:Improve safety in Timeline:Continuous Regulatory 30 Develop a County GIs Valley County Valley County Cost:$7S,000/year Ongoing department. Commissioners Funding and/or Resources: Priority:High Preparedness& Unknown Response Plan Goals: 7 Timeline:Unknown Develop a NIMS Resource Typing Specific:Improve safety in Cost:$2,S00 Ongoing Preparedness& 31 list of all emergency equipment Valley County Emergency Management Funding and/or Resources: and vehicles Include as a NIMS investment Priority:Low Response task in SHSP grant Plan Goals: 2,S,6,7 Timeline:2020 Formalize agreements to utilize Specific: Improve safety in Cost:No Cost Ongoing Planning& 32 County-owned snow groomers Valley County Valley County Commissioners Funding and/or Resources: Priority:High Regulatory for rescue operations. Unknown Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-46 5.3.1 Changes in Mitigation Priorities The economy and development pattern of Valley County is dominated by tourism and is thus impacted by the general state of the U.S. economy. They have a high degree of second home ownership (78%). There have been a number of developments in Valley County since the last plan was approved, but most of these were already in the approval or beginning stages of development during the last planning process, and were thus already considered in the last plan. Completion of these slowed down for some years due to the 2008 recession, and they were completed later than originally expected. Thus priorities for prior mitigation strategies have not shifted significantly since the last plan. However, with the economy picking up again, there is pressure on home prices that makes affordable housing for county workers a challenge, which makes it difficult to recruit and retain experienced employees. These types of factors influenced the development of several new mitigation priorities. Priorities for new mitigation actions were set using the Staplee method. Worksheets used for this are included in Appendix D. 5.3.2 Completed & Removed Mitigation Actions & Projects The following actions were completed prior to the 2020 update or were removed from the strategy during the 2020 update: Table 5.2 Valley County Completed and Removed Mitigation Actions Mitigation Action Status Notes Request local power companies to take a more The West Central Mountains Electrical Plan was active role in connecting electrical power grids in Completed developed by Idaho Power 2013/2014. Work the county. with Idaho Power to Implement. 5.4 City of Cascade Mitigation Actions & Implementation Plan The following table shows the specific actions and projects to be implemented over the plan's five-year life. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-47 Table 5.3 City of Cascade Mitigation Actions and Implementation Plan City Lead Agency, Estimated Timeline, of •e Action Item Goals1Priority Mitigation Partners Cost, • • Flood Seek Floodplain Manager Certification Timeline:2011—Complete Changed action from (prior);for this plan update this action is CFM Requirements Floodplain Manager Certification to Floodplain Planning& 1 changed to providing continuing education 7 City Building Inspector Cost:No cost Manager (City Building Regulatory for floodplain manager Funding and/or Resources: Unknown Inspector)Continuing Education Timeline:Ongoing Review and Redraw City Floodplain Maps Cost:$50,000 Ongoing Planning& 2 as necessary 1,2,7 Building Inspector Funding and/or Resources: Regulatory 2012—Seek Funding from FEMA 2013—Conduct Mapping Timeline:2021 3 Establish a Flood Hazard Advisory 1,2,3,7 City Council Cost:No cost Ongoing Planning& Commission Funding and/or Resources:2011 Regulatory —Establish Commission Timeline:2022 Increase the size of the culverts under ITD and City Council Cost:$500,000 Ongoing Structure& 4 Highway 55 1,2,6 Funding and/or Resources:2011 Infrastructure —Apply for HMA Funding 2012—Replace Culverts Timeline:Recurring&Ongoing 5 Protect the City Sewer System or remove 1,2,5 Wastewater Cost: $1M Ongoing Structure& from floodplain Department Funding and/or Resources: Infrastructure 2011-Conduct Flood Analysis Stormwater infrastructure needs to be TBD improved to prevent current and future Timeline:Cost: $611250 , flooding.Cascade's existing stormwater Funding and/or Resources:City's 6 system is disconnected and undersized 112,517 Cascade Public Works General Fund,Highway User New,HIGH priority Structure& with the final outlet elevation too high. and DEQ Fees,Hazard Mitigation Grant Infrastructure Deficiencies cause routine flooding in areas such as Pine St,Idaho St,Mill St,and Programs, DEQ Grant Programs SH-55. Severe Weather Timeline:2021 Identify Evacuation 2 Cost:-$10,000.00 Ongoing Preparedness& Shelters Equip with Emergency Generators. ,7 Mayor/Public Works Funding and/or Resources: Response Unknown Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-48 ActionCity of Cascade Lead Estimated Timeline, Priority Partners Cost, & Resources • Timeline:2021 Request local power companies to take a Cost:Unknown Ongoing Structure& 8 more active role in connecting electrical 2,6 City Council power grids in the county. Funding and/or Resources:with Infrastructure Power Company Geological Timeline:Ongoing Cost:No cost Inspect buildings, Funding and/or Resources:2011 Building Departments Ongoing Planning& 9 Particularly unreinforced masonry,for 1,2,3 —Conduct Surveys Regulatory earthquake stability. 2012—Select Projects and Engineer Solutions 2013—Apply for HMA Funding Timeline:Ongoing Planning& 000 Building Departments Cost:$35, Ongoing Regulatory 10 Assess seismic hazard on public buildings 1,2,4 Funding and/or Resources:2011 —Apply for HMA funds to conduct Seismic Update of AHMP Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-49 5.4.1 Changes in Mitigation Priorities The City of Cascade did not experience significant development since the last plan and thus priorities for the implementation of prior mitigation strategies were not changed. However, due to recent economic conditions, there has been significant movement recently on purchases of undeveloped land and there is a large new development currently in the application process. This was considered by both the City of Cascade and the Cascade Rural Fire District in their consideration of mitigation strategies. There was one new mitigation action (stormwater infrastructure) identified at this time and was prioritized as a high, immediate priority for the City. 5.4.2 Completed & Remove Mitigation Actions & Projects The following actions were completed prior to the 2020 update or were removed from the strategy during the 2020 update: Table 5.4 City of Cascade Completed or Removed Mitigation Actions Mitigation Action Status Notes Inspect schools and other public buildings for snow-load resistance and retrofit necessary Completed N/A 5.5 City of Donnelly Mitigation Actions & Implementation Plan The following table shows the specific actions and projects to be implemented over the plan's five-year life. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-50 Table 5.5 City of Donnelly Mitigation Actions and Implementation Plan City Lead Agency, Estimated Timeline, Cost, of Donnelly Action • . Priority Partners & Resources • Flood Timeline:Ongoing Ongoing Planning& Implement Recommendation of US Army Cost:Unknown Regulatory 1 Corps of Engineers project 2-04-081 report 1,2 City Council Funding and/or Resources:2011— Successful in continuing to for the City of Donnelly. Begin Planning with Power participate in the NFIP Structure& Company Priority: High Infrastructure Timeline:Ongoing Establish a Flood Hazard Advisory Cost:No cost Ongoing Planning& 2 Commission 1,2,4 City Council Funding and/or Resources: 2011— Priority:Low Regulatory Establish Commission Severe Weather Timeline:2022 Structure& Identify Evacuation Shelters Equip with Cost:Not provided Ongoing Infrastructure 3 1,2,6 Mayor/Public Works Funding and/or Resources:2011— Emergency Generators. Priority: High Work with City Council,Church, Response and and Volunteer organizations Preparedness Ongoing Inspect schools and other public buildings for Timeline:2022 4 snow-load 1,2,6 Building Departments, Cost:Not provided City does not have a building Structure& resistance and retrofit necessary. School Distric Funding and/or Resources:2011— inspector. Valley County does Infrastructure Conduct Analysis our inspections as needed Priority:Low Completed Timeline:Not provided West Central Mountains Request local power companies to take a Cost:Not provided Electrical Plan was developed City Council,utility Structure& 5 more active role in connecting electrical 1,2,5,6 Funding and/or Resources:2011— by Idaho Power 2013/2014. providers Infrastructure power grids in the county. Begin Planning with Power Work with Idaho Power to Company implement Priority:Low Geological Timeline:2022 Cost:No Cost Ongoing Funding and/or Resources:2011— City does not have a building Inspect buildings,Particularly unreinforced Structure& 6 masonry,for earthquake stability. 1,2,4 Building Departments Conduct Surveys inspector. Valley County does Infrastructure 2012—Select Projects and our inspections as needed Engineer Solutions Priority:High 2013—Apply for HMA Funding Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-51 City of Donnelly Action Item Goals Lead Agency, Estimated Timeline, Cost, 2019 Status & Priority Mitigation Partners & Resources Type Timeline:2022 Ongoing/Partially Completed New Well Supply Installed 7 Harden and Protect the City Water Supply 1,2,5 City Water Department Cost:Funding ng million and/or Resources:2010— Working on other water Structure& infrastructure Infrastructure Apply for HMA and DEQ Funding Priority:Low Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-52 5.5.1 Changes in Mitigation Priorities The City of Donnelly has not been impacted by the growth and development seen in some other areas of Valley County. Overall mitigation priorities did not change for the City of Donnelly between plan updates and there were no new actions added. 5.5.2 Completed & Removed Mitigation Actions & Projects The following actions were completed prior to the 2020 update or were removed from the strategy during the 2020 update: Table 5.6 City of Donnelly Completed or Removed Mitigation Actions Mitigation Action Status Notes Review and Redraw City Floodplain Maps as necessary Completed N/A 5.6 City of McCall Mitigation Actions & Implementation Plan The following table shows the specific actions and projects to be implemented over the plan's five-year life. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-53 Table S.7 City of McCall Mitigation Actions and Implementation Plan City of • •als Lead Agency, Estimated Timeline, Cost, & 2019 Status & Priority Partners Resources • General Implement City of McCall City of McCall,McCall 2017 Area Comprehensive Fire,McCall Donnelly Timeline:2024 Plan Policy E 9.1:Create School District, Cost:$75,000-100,000 an All Hazards Mitigation Homeowner Funding and/or Resources:City General New Planning& 1 Master Plan for City of 4,6,7 Associations, Funds,Hazard Mitigation Planning Priority:Moderate Regulatory McCall to assess and Community&Civic Grants,Water User Rates,Sewer User address Groups,Payette Lakes Rates,other partner contributions hazard risks. Recreational Water and Sewer District Geological Inspect buildings, Timeline:2023 Z particularly unreinforced 1,2,4 Building Departments Cost:$5,000 Ongoing Structure& masonry,for earthquake Funding and/or Resources: Infrastructure stability. Search for grants&State and County aid Wildland Fire Upgrade water storage and fire flow capacity in City of Timeline:2028 McCall water pressure 9 Million.Cost:$9 City of McCall Public New Structure& 3 zones with deficiencies as 1,2,5 Funding and/or Resources: identified in the 2017 City Works Water User Rates,Municipal Bond, Priority:High Infrastructure of McCall Water Master Hazard Mitigation Grants Plan Severe Weather Timeline:Unknown Identify Evacuation Cost:No Cost 4 Shelters Equip with 1,2,5 Mayor and Public Funding and/or Resources: Ongoing Preparedness& Emergency Generators. Works Work with City Council,Church,and Response volunteer organizations. A licensed structural engineer is needed to perform these Timeline:Unknown evaluations and make retrofit Inspect schools and other Building Cost:No Cost recommendations.No budget 5 public buildings for snow- 1,2,4,6 Departments, Funding and/or Resources: was allocated to procure the Structure& load resistance and retrofit School Districts Capital Improvement Plan(CIP)2019- engineering analysis and no Infrastructure necessary. 2023.School District Buildings are the budget was allocated to make responsibility of the district. the retrofits during the 2011- 2016 plan period. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-54 City of McCall Action Item Goals Lead Agency, Estimated Timeline, Cost, & 2019 Status&Priorlb., —Mitigation Partners Resources Type Request local power companies Timeline:Unknown 6 to take a more active role 1,2,6,7 City Council Cost:No Cost Ongoing Preparedness& in connecting Funding and/or Resources: Response electrical power grids in Begin Planning with Power Company the county. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-55 5.6.1 Changes in Mitigation Priorities Similarly to the county as a whole, dependence on the tourism tends to drive development in the City of McCall. Thus in the early years since the last plan there was a not a lot of new activity but in recent years there as been an increase in housing construction, but no new major shifts in land use or zoning. In coming years there is the potential for redevelopment of downtown area streets. Priorities for prior mitigation strategies did not change, however, two new mitigation actions were added. The priorities for these were assigned based on the Staplee method, with documentation of this provided in Appendix D. 5.6.2 Completed & Removed Mitigation Actions & Projects The following actions were completed prior to the 2020 update or were removed from the strategy during the 2020 update: Table 5.8 City of McCall Completed or Removed Mitigation Actions Mitigation Action Status Notes Review and Redraw City Floodplain Maps as necessary. Completed Completed in 2013 Commission was not established.Instead City Council adopted Flood Control Regulations Modified since Ordinance 822 effective 3- Establish a Flood Hazard Advisory Commission last plan and 16-2006 including adoption of1989 FIRM maps.City Removed Engineer is certified Flood Plain Manager and reviews all development applications. 5.7 Special Districts Mitigation Actions & Implementation Plan The following two tables table show the specific actions and projects to be implemented over the plan's five-year life. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 II-56 Table 5.9 Payette Lakes Recreation Water and Sewer District Mitigation Actions and Implementation Plan Payette Lakes - . • GoalsRecreation Water and Estimated Timeline, 119 Status & Priority Mitigation • ActionSewer District • Resources Partners Items Severe Weather Timeline:Unknown Identify Evacuation 1 Shelters Equip with 1,2,7 Superintendent Cost:No Cost Ongoing Preparedness& Emergency Generators. Funding and/or Resources:HMA Priority:High Response Funding Geological Timeline:Unknown Inspect water and sewer 2 systems for Earthquake 1,2,4 Superintendent Cost:No Cost Ongoing Structure& stability Funding and/or Resources:HMA Infrastructure Funding Table 5.10 Rural Fire Districts Mitigation Actions and Implementation Plan CascadeLead • ActionDistricts Goals • Resources Partners Fire Backup generator for Timeline:2020-202S Cascade Rural Fire District. Cascade Rural Preparedness& Cost:$50,000 New 1 At this time there is no 1,2,7 Fire District and Response backup power established Valley County Funding and/or Resources: Priority:High Unknown for this fire station. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan II-57 5.7.1 Changes in Mitigation Priorities Mitigation priorities as detailed in the strategy did not change between plan updates for Payette Lakes Recreation Water and Sewer District and no new mitigation actions were identified. The Cascade Fire District identified a new urgent need, which is a high priority even under current conditions but will be an even more pressing need if potential developments currently being discussed are approved and built out. 5.7.2 Completed & Removed Mitigation Actions & Projects These districts did not complete or remove any mitigation actions from the strategy prior to or during the 2020 update. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 III-58 6 Mitigation Capabilities 6.1 Overview Each community has a unique set of capabilities, including authorities, policies, programs, staff, funding, and other resources available to accomplish mitigation and reduce long-term vulnerability. This section provides an overview of these capabilities, including state and federal capabilities that local officials can utilize in hazard mitigation, the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), and an assessment of the capability types completed by adopting jurisdictions. 6.1.1 Summary of Revisions The 2020 update incorporated this section into the plan. Points to note: • Incorporated the former plan's Floodplain Management section; • Reviewed and summarized relevant Federal and State planning and regulatory capabilities related to hazard mitigation; • Reviewed and summarized county and community planning and regulatory capabilities related to hazard mitigation; and • Incorporated National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) statistics and discussion on jurisdictional participation and future compliance. 6.1.2 FEMA Requirements This section adheres to and fulfills the following regulations: • 44 CFR §201.6(c)(3) — A mitigation strategy that provides the jurisdiction's blueprint for reducing the potential losses identified in the risk assessment, based on existing authorities, policies, programs, and resources, and its ability to expand on and improve these existing tools. o (ii) — A section that identifies and analyzes a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions and projects being considered to reduce the effects of each hazard, with emphasis on new and existing buildings and infrastructure. All plans approved by FEMA after October 1, 2008, must also address the jurisdiction's participation in the NFIP, and continued compliance with NFIP requirements, as appropriate. • 44 CFR §201.6(c)(4) —The plan shall include the following: o (ii) —A process by which local governments incorporate the requirements of the mitigation plan into other planning mechanisms such as comprehensive or capital improvement plans, where appropriate. 6.2 Federal & State Planning & Regulatory Capabilities Several federal and state regulations and policies form the legal framework in which to implement Valley County's hazard mitigation goals and projects. A list of these regulations and plans is presented below: • Federal o The Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950 Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 III-59 o Public Law 96-342, The Improved Civil Defense Act of 1980 o Public Law 91-606, Disaster Relief Act o Public Law 93-288, The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief Act of 1974. o Presidential Executive Order 11988, Floodplain Management o Presidential Executive Order 11990, Protection of Wetlands • State of Idaho o Idaho State Code Title 46, Chapter 10, State Disaster Preparedness Act o Idaho State Code Title 39, Chapter 71, Hazardous Material Act o Idaho State Title 67, Chapter 65, Local Land Use Planning Act o Governor's Executive Order 2000-04, April 20, 2000 6.3 National Flood Insurance Program Compliance In response to the mounting flood-related losses over the 20th century, Congress passed the National Flood Insurance Act (NFIA) of 1968, which instituted the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The NFIP made flood insurance available to communities that agreed to adopt and enforce floodplain management ordinances, through hazard mitigation planning, site design and construction standards, and land use regulations. The NFIP was based on the premise that populations located in flood-prone areas should bear a substantial portion of the cost to reduce community vulnerability and bear responsibility for a majority of losses should the community experience a flood disaster. The table below details the county's and cities' participation and policies in the NFIP. Table 6.1 NFIP Statistics' Community NFIP CRS Flood Claims Repetitive Policies Insurance ln- Written Name Status Status Claims Paid Loss In-force force Whole Premium Properties In-force Valley County Yes 10 30 $8,882,000.00 City of Cascade Yes - 1 $522,100.00 City of Donnelly Yes City of McCall Yes 3 $980,000.00 The county and each of these jurisdictions adopted new FEMA floodplain maps in 2019. Valley County is in full compliance with the requirements of the NFIP.They strive to remain in compliance with the NFIP and promote continuing education for the Planning and Zoning Administrator who is also a Certified Floodplain Manager. In the City of Cascade, the City's Building Inspector serves as the Flood Plain Administrator and continues to work with FEMA and the Idaho Department of Water Resources to stay current on regulations required by NFIP Program and attends regular continuing education. The City of Donnelly is also in full compliance with the requirements of the NFIP. The City of McCall maintains compliance by maintaining current FEMA floodplain maps and ensuring that their zoning ' Policy&Claim Statistics for Flood Insurance, Policy Statistics as of 05/31/2019, retrieved from https://www.fema.gov/policy-claim-statistics-flood-insurance Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 III-60 ordinance contains floodplain regulations required by the NFIP. The city engineer is a certified floodplain manager and our city planner attends annual floodplain training conferences. All development applications are reviewed for compliance with the floodplain overlay zone. Concurrently with the development of this HMP,Valley County and several of its jurisdictions were also active in adopting new floodplain ordinances. Valley County also adopted the model Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance as recommended by the State of Idaho on January 7, 2019. In addition to this ordinance,Valley County has more restrictive standards that prevents most development, fill, and excavation in a floodplain. The City of Cascade adopted its Flood Damage Prevention Regulations Ordinance in January, 2019, Ordinance No. 696.The City of Donnelly also adopted the Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance as recommended by the State of Idaho on December 17, 2018. 6.4 Valley County Mitigation Capabilities Assessment The tables below were compiled from a questionnaire completed by county representatives.The tables detail the county's mitigation-related capabilities that reduce hazard impacts or that can be used to implement hazard mitigation activities. Table 6.2 Valley County Mitigation-Related Capabilities Synopsis Administrative&Technical Yes.The Valley County P&Z Commission(P&Z)has five members appointed by the Board of County Commissioners.The Commissioners are chosen from throughout Valley County(VC)for a geographic representation.The P&Z is responsible from proposing amendments to the long-range Comprehensive Plan and Dedicated planning commission making decisions on current land use applications.The P&Z recommends goals,objectives and implementation tactics in the Comprehensive Plan.A large part of the plan is to identify hazards and avoid them entirely.Many of the tactics are for mitigation of impacts or awareness Administration of impacts.In making land use decisions,their job is to mitigate impacts. Local Emergency Planning Committee Yes,VC Building and Grounds maintains the VC campus in Cascade(shop and courthouse),road department facilities on Gold Dust,Lakefork Road Dept.shop,Materials Dedicated maintenance Recovery Facility on Paddy Flat,and other facilities.VC programs to reduce risk Parks and Recreation department maintains the recreation facilities at snowmobile parking lots,campgrounds, groomer sheds,etc.Each of these departments maintain as needed to prevent harm to capital improvements. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan III-61 Specific programs,such as a Capital Improvement Program should be developed for these various facilities. The VC Road Department has a maintenance program for all county and backcountry roads,bridges,etc.This program includes culvert replacement and pavement. With the lack of funding in recent years it is more of an as needed maintenance program. A Capital Improvement Program would identify maintenance and improvements in a timely manner so that grants could be sought and awarded. The Road Department has a Master Transportation Plan. Mutual aid agreements(MAAs) and/or memorandums of Yes,through the Sheriff's office understanding(MOUs) Yes,The Building Official is new.She has been trained on Chief Building Official International Building Codes.She attends various trainings as offered on things such as fire resistant structures and seismic codes. Yes,The Floodplain Administrator is a Certified Floodplain Manager.VC does not allow development in the Floodplain Administrator floodplain,so identification of the floodplain and ability to interpret maps guarantees that there will be very little Staff risk of flooding of assets in the future. Emergency Manager Yes Yes,The Planning&amp;Zoning Administrator is a Community Planner.Staff is trained on hazards and mitigations and can identify potential risks and hazards.VC does not Community Planner allow development in the floodplain,so identification of the floodplain and ability to interpret maps guarantees that there will be very little risk of flooding of assets in the future. Warning systems and/or services Yes,Code Red alert Technical Hazard data&information Yes,The VC Road Department has historical information on roads that have been destroyed in the past. Education&Outreach Valley County Fire Working Group(interagency)and Payette Lake Active local citizen groups or Watershed Advisory Group.The Valley Country Fire Working non-profit organizations Group is an all jurisdiction membership that actively pursues education for property owners and agencies;and,on-site fuel Education reduction mitigation efforts. Ongoing public education or Yes,the Fire Working Group has regular public education information programs sessions.They are going to do a'Living with Fire in Valley County' series. Natural disaster or safety related school programs Yes,Fire Financial Funding for capital improvement No projects Authority to levy taxes for Yes,they levy a fee for solid waste,but have never taxed for specific purposes hazard mitigation.There is a fee for building in a Wildland Urban Funding Resources Interface Funding through other federal Yes,Road&Bridge Department funding programs Funding through any state Yes,Road&Bridge Department funding programs Planning&Regulatory Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 III-62 The Valley County Comprehensive Plan(2010)is currently being Comprehensive Plan updated by the VC Planning and Zoning.Hazards are addressed in Chapter 5 with various hazard mitigation and implementation. Yes,The West Central Mountains Economic Development Economic Development Plan Strategy(2016) Planning&Plans Local Emergency Operations Plan The Valley County Emergency Operations Plan(2010) Transportation Plan Yes,the Valley County Master Transportation Plan,March 2008 Stormwater Management Plan No Community Wildfire Protection Yes Plan State of Idaho building Codes 2016 International Building Code,2015 edition,published by the International Code Council. International Residential Code,parts I through IV and IX, including appendices G,1,and L,2012;and,appendix Q-Tiny Houses,2017 published by the International Code Council. International Energy Conservation Code,2015 with 2012 amendments for residential portion,a copyrighted work owned by the International Code Council,Inc.(Ord.18-01,12-4-2017, eff.1-1-2018) Idaho Code title 44,chapter 22 and section 44-2501 et seq., relating to manufactured homes. Uniform Code for Abatement of Dangerous Buildings,1997, Building Codes, published by the International Conference of Building Officials. Permitting,& Building codes American Standard Specifications for Making Buildings and Facilities Accessible to,and Usable by,the Physically Inspections Handicapped,ANSI A117.1-1992(R 1971),published by the American National Standards Institute. University of Idaho publication"Ground and Roof Snow Loads for Idaho", 1986. 8Elevators,Dumbwaiters,Escalators and Moving Walks,ANSI A17.1-1996,and ANSI A17.1b-1973,published by the American National Standards Institute.(Ord.11-2,4-11-2011) International Fire Code,2015,published by the Building Officials and Code Administrators International,Inc.,adopted by the Idaho Fire Marshal.(Ord.18-01, 12-4-2017,eff.1-1-2018) "Technical Guidance Manual for Individual and Subsurface Sewage Disposal",published by the State of Idaho Department of Health and Welfare,dated May 6,1993,only as it relates to the construction of privy buildings. Yes,Title 9 of the Valley County Code 1982 to Present where it states No development in a floodplain—Title 9 and Title it and Zoning ordinance No floodplain development,perhaps some FireWise landscaping requirements. Land Use Planning Yes,from 1971 to present which allows 120'run to a cul-de-sac &Ordinances Subdivision ordinance and two access points if possible.Roads can only cross floodplains on a direct route,no development in a floodplain. Yes,Title 9 and Title 11 of the Valley County Code.Title 9 Floodplain ordinance contains an overlay prohibiting development in floodplains and Title 11 is the ordinance required to comply with NFIP(2017). There is a need to fully adopt the new FIRM maps. Overall, members of the planning team identified funding and human resources as primary gaps and constraints in implementing hazard mitigation. New mitigation strategies focus on human resources to bridge the identified gap. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 III-63 6.5 Cascade City Mitigation Capabilities Assessment The tables below were compiled from a questionnaire completed by the city personnel. The tables detail the city's mitigation-related capabilities that reduce hazard impacts or that can be used to implement hazard mitigation activities. Table 6.3 Cascade City Capabilities Assessment Synopsis Administrative&Technical Yes,The City has a P&Z Commission,as identified in the City Dedicated planning commission Ordinance,that meets monthly. Local Emergency Planning Unknown Committee Yes, The City's Public Works crew consists of four (4) full time Administration Dedicated maintenance employees that oversee the City as a whole, including clearing programs to reduce risk stormwater drains, tree maintenance, water and wastewater systems. The City also has a Building Inspector/Code Enforcement Officer that continues to enforce City Codes. Mutual aid agreements(MAAs) No,The City does have an Contract with the Valley County Sheriff's and/or memorandums of Department for additional law enforcement coverage. understanding(MOUs) Chief Building Official Yes;receive hazard mitigation-related education and training Floodplain Administrator Yes;receive hazard mitigation-related education and training Emergency Manager Yes;receive hazard mitigation-related education and training Community Planner Yes;receive hazard mitigation-related education and training Yes,the City contracts with certified engineer. The City also Staff Civil Engineer contracts with other engineering services as required for specialty projects Yes,the City contracts with a certified engineer and/or IRWA for GIS Coordinator GIs services. The City also works directly with Valley County's GIS department. Yes, via services provided by Cascade Rural Fire District, Valley Warning systems and/or services County Sheriff Department and the Red Alert System... Hazard data&information Yes,via services provided by Cascade Rural Fire District and Valley County Sheriff Department. Technical Yes, The City, School and Cascade Medical Center share in the services of a full-time grant writer. The Grant Writer works directly Grant-writing expertise with the City Engineer and other city staff to assess current and future needs of the City. Hazus expertise Unknown Education&Outreach Active local citizen groups or Cascade Schools Safety Committee, Cascade Rural Fire Protection non-profit organizations District,Fire District,The Valley County Fire Working Group Ongoing public education or School District has ongoing effort to try to keep parents/families information programs informed as it pertains to the children VCFWG provides a variety of educational opportunities throughout Natural disaster or safety the Community. The initiatives directly support and encourage Education related school programs public awareness and positive social change that helps future mitigation actions. No;However,Valley County participates in Code Red system Storm Ready certification which provides a voluntary sign up to receive notifications of emergency situations or critical community alerts. FireWise Community An assessment of the FireWise Community Certification certification requirements and benefits would be appropriate. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 III-64 Public-private partnerships VCFWG with homeowner groups,and the City follows Valley County EOP Financial Funding for capital City just started to allocate funding for capital improvement improvement projects projects in the FY18/19 Budget. Funding mitigation would lessen the impact of repairing/replacing infrastructure. Authority to levy taxes for Exists,but has not been implemented in hazard mitigation specific purposes Funding through other federal N/A funding programs Impacts fees for new No development Storm water utility fee No Funding Resources Incur debt through general obligation bonds and/or special Yes tax bonds Incur debt through private No activities Funding through a Community N/A Development Block Grant Other federal funding programs N/A Funding through any state Yes,through various foundations funding programs Planning&Regulatory Comprehensive Plan Yes,2018 Capital Improvements Plan Yes,2019 Economic Development Plan Yes,see WCMEDC Local Emergency Operations Yes Planning&Plans Plan Transportation Plan Yes 2020 Stormwater Management Plan Yes,see Transportation Plan Community Wildfire Protection Yes,there is a county wide wildfire protection plan Plan Building Codes, Building codes Yes,The City follows the Idaho Division of Building Safety and has Permitting,& adopted codes pursuant to them. Inspections ISO-rated fire dept. Yes,5 Land Use Planning Zoning ordinance Yes &Ordinances Subdivision ordinance Yes Floodplain ordinance Yes 6.6 City of Donnelly Mitigation Capabilities Assessment Table 6.4 City of Donnelly Capabilities Assessment Synopsis Administrative&Technical Yes,The City has a P&Z Commission,as identified in the City Dedicated planning commission Code 18.130 Local Emergency Planning Participates in Valley County LEPC Committee Administration Dedicated maintenance programs to Yes,The City's Public Works Dept oversees City maintenance reduce risk in these areas. Mutual aid agreements(MAAs) No, The City does not Contract with the Valley County and/or memorandums of Sheriff's Department for additional law enforcement understanding(MOUs) coverage. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 III-65 Chief Building Official No Floodplain Administrator No Emergency Manager No Community Planner No Staff Yes,the City contracts with certified engineer. The City also Civil Engineer contracts with other engineering services as required for specialty projects No.the City works directly with Valley County's GIS GIS Coordinator department. Warning systems and/or services Yes, via services provided by Donnelly Rural Fire District, Valley County Sheriff Department and the Red Alert System... Technical Hazard data&information Yes,via services provided by Donnelly Rural Fire District and Valley County Sheriff Department. Grant-writing expertise Yes,The City contracts with a grant-writer when necessary Hazus expertise No Education&Outreach Active local citizen groups or non- N/A profit organizations Ongoing public education or N/A information programs VCFWG provides a variety of educational opportunities Natural disaster or safety related throughout the Community. The initiatives directly support school programs and encourage public awareness and positive social change Education that helps future mitigation actions. No;However,Valley County participates in Code Red system Storm Ready certification which provides a voluntary sign up to receive notifications of emergency situations or critical community alerts. FireWise Community certification An assessment of the FireWise Community Certification requirements and benefits would be appropriate. Public-private partnerships VCFWG with homeowner groups,and the City follows Valley County EDP Financial Funding for capital improvement City allocates funding for capital improvement projects in the projects annual city budget. Authority to levy taxes for specific N/A purposes Funding through other federal N/A funding programs Impacts fees for new development N/A Storm water utility fee No Funding Resources Incur debt through general obligation bonds and/or special tax Yes bonds Incur debt through private activities No Funding through a Community Yes Development Block Grant Other federal funding programs N/A Funding through any state funding Yes programs Planning&Regulatory Comprehensive Plan Yes,2014 Capital Improvements Plan Planning&Plans Economic Development Plan Yes,see WCMEDC Local Emergency Operations Plan Yes Transportation Plan Yes 2006(new one anticipated to be complete in July 2020) Stormwater Management Plan Yes Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 III-66 Community Wildfire Protection Plan Yes,there is a county wide wildfire protection plan Building Codes, Building codes Yes Permitting,& ISO rated fire dept. Yes,4 Inspections Land Use Planning& Zoning ordinance Yes Ordinances Subdivision ordinance Yes Floodplain ordinance Yes 6.7 City of McCall Mitigation Capabilities Assessment The tables below were compiled from a questionnaire completed by the city personnel. The tables detail the city's mitigation-related capabilities that reduce hazard impacts or that can be used to implement hazard mitigation activities. Table 6.5 City of McCall Capabilities Assessment Synopsis Administrative&Technical Dedicated planning commission Yes Local Emergency Planning No Committee Administration Dedicated maintenance Yes programs to reduce risk Mutual aid agreements(MAAs) Yes.We have agreements for law enforcement and agreements for and/or memorandums of public understanding(MOUs) works. Chief Building Official Yes Floodplain Administrator Yes,city engineer No,the city budget is too small to create a stand-alone position,we Emergency Manager rely on the Police Chief and the County's Emergency Manager to Staff fulfill this role. Community Planner Yes,Planner reviews applications for compliance with city codes that address fire hazard mitigation,water supply,fire access,etc. Civil Engineer Yes,PW Director and City Engineer are both licensed PE GIs Coordinator Yes Warning systems and/or No services Technical Hazard data&information Yes,floodplain data Grant-writing expertise Yes Hazus expertise Yes Education&Outreach Active local citizen groups or Yes,Valley County Fire Working Group for continue education and non-profit organizations promotion of FireWise practices;continue support of the free woody debris disposal program Ongoing public education or Yes; Snow and ice removal; FireWise promotion; Woody Debris information programs disposal; Noxious Weed removal; Raise public awareness of action items they can take to mitigate hazards on private property. Education Yes, Police department trains McCall Donnelly School District Natural disaster or safety employees on prevention and response to active shooters, help related school programs public schools prevent and respond to threats,terrorism Storm Ready certification No FireWise Community Yes certification Public-private partnerships Yes,Valley County Fire Working Group Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 III-67 Financial The 5-year CIP budget incorporates identified projects from the Funding for capital City's various adopted master plans. The recently adopted plans improvement projects contain specific mitigation actions which will be included in the 5- year CIP. Authority to levy taxes for Yes, Hazard Mitigation is not a specific category for taxation so any specific purposes taxes used for those efforts will come from unrestricted general property tax funds and/or sales taxes. Fees for water,sewer,gas,or Yes — water only, Water infrastructure upgrades to support fire electric services suppression Impacts fees for new Yes-water meter connections only development Storm water utility fee No,the city is not large enough to require an EPA Funding Resources MS4 Permit Incur debt through general Yes,If the Council decides to use debt instead of water user fees to finance the identified projects obligation bonds and/or special in the 2018 Water tax bonds Master Plan. Incur debt through private activities No Funding through a Community Yes, council would need to prioritize these kinds of projects above Development Block Grant their current priority for affordable housing. Other federal funding programs No,but absolutely will apply for federal funds to help us implement out mitigation strategies. Funding through any state funding programs Yes Planning&Regulatory Comprehensive Plan(1997) Yes, McCall In Motion—McCall Area Comprehensive Plan.Adopted January 2018. Yes,City of McCall Capital Improvement Plan.Adopted annually with each fiscal year budget that starts each October 1.We also have a Capital Improvements Plan separately adopted 20-year City of McCall Water System Master Plan that identifies capital improvements for the Water System. Adopted in December 2017 and approved by Idaho DEQ in March 2018. Planning&Plans Economic Development Plan Yes,McCall In Motion—McCall Area Comprehensive Plan.Adopted January 2018. Local Emergency Operations Plan(2010) No,we rely on County EDP Transportation Plan Yes, McCall In Motion — McCall Area Transportation Master Plan. Adopted January 2018. Stormwater Management Plan No Community Wildfire Protection Unknown Plan Building Codes, Building codes Yes,McCall City Code Title 2 and the IBC Permitting,& Inspections ISO rated fire dept. Yes,rated 3 Yes,Zoning Ordinance for the City of McCall adopted by Ordinance Zoning ordinance 821 on February 23, 2006. This is also referred to as Title 3 of the McCall City Code. Land Use Planning Yes,Subdivision and Development Ordinance for the City of McCall &Ordinances Subdivision ordinance adopted by Ordinance 822 on February 23,2006. It is also referred to as Title 9 of the McCall City Code. Yes,versions/years?Flood Control Regulations(Overlay Zone) Floodplain ordinance as adopted by Ordinance 822 on February 23,2006. It is referred to as Title 8 of the McCall City Code. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 III-68 6.8 Other Planning Mechanisms As noted in the Planning and Regulatory sections of the tables presented in Sections 6.4 - 6.8, various mechanisms exist for Valley County and the adopting jurisdictions to incorporate elements of the mitigation plan and/or mitigation actions items.The following table assesses one of the major planning mechanisms for the county as it relates to hazard mitigation: Table 6.6 Valley County Comprehensive Plan Planning Mechanism Valley County, Idaho Comprehensive Plan Date of Last Revision 2018 Author/Owner Valley County, Idaho Description Through the preparation of a Comprehensive Plan, residents can give some direction to the development("building")of their community. The plan includes objectives in the Public Works, Housing,Land Use,Transportation,and Community Design sections related to natural hazard mitigation planning.The Hazardous Area section describes an extensive number of hazards that impact the County including Relationship to flood, severe weather, landslides, and more. Additionally, in the Land Use section the Hazard Mitigation County aims to continue the enforcement of the IBC 2000 which is also directly correlated Planning to hazard mitigation. The County lists several ways to implement these objectives including adopting and administering zoning and subdivision ordinances, coordinating agency partnerships, requiring reviews of significant development proposals, and coordinating county programs. Thoughts for Future The County could include tactics in how to accomplish the objectives along with what Hazard Mitigation offices or partnerships are working collaboratively toward the goal or objective. Incorporation Incorporation into Plan content used for the capability assessment, county profile, and risk assessment. Hazard Mitigation 'Thoughts for Future Hazard Mitigation Incorporation' may be used for the creation of Plan new mitigation actions in this HMP update or future updates. Other planning and regulatory mechanisms within the county and its jurisdictions that relate to hazards mitigation in Valley county and its jurisdictions are noted below. In each case, the mechanisms were considered in plans to maintain or prior mitigation strategies, and in some cases, the development of new strategies. The current and planned revisions to these mechanisms will also assist the county in implementing and maintaining the HMP. • The Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) informed several of the mitigation strategies updated or added in this HMP, such as the need for updated communications networks and more personnel involved in emergency operations, as well as affordable housing for these personnel. One of the mitigation actions in this HMP is to revise the EOP • The City of Donnelly Comprehensive Plan, the goals of which are summarized in Section 2.7.3. • The City of Donnelly Floodplain Ordinance, adopted in 2019. • City of McCall Comprehensive Plan, adopted in January 2018, the goals of which that relate directly to hazard mitigation planning are described in Section 2.7.4. An action Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 III-69 project in that plan is to develop a hazard mitigation plan for the city, in coordination with Valley County. This action is also listed among the mitigation strategies in this plan (Table 5.7) • City of Cascade Comprehensive Plan, adopted in 2018. • City of Cascade Floodplain Ordiance, adopted in 2019. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 III-70 7 Plan Maintenance 7.1 Overview The HMP is a living document that guides action over time, and it is vital the plan is actively engaged and maintained throughout its five-year lifecycle. As conditions change, new information becomes available, or actions are successfully implemented or challenged, plan adjustments may be necessary to maintain relevance and operationality. This section describes the procedures to monitor, evaluate, and update the HMP in addition to continued public involvement in hazard mitigation. 7.1.1 Summary of Revisions Major revisions made to this section in the 2020 update include: • Section IV. was reorganized into a discrete section; • The procedures to monitor, evaluate, and update the plan were reviewed and revised; and • The procedures for continued public participation were reviewed and revised. 7.1.2 FEMA Requirements This section adheres to and fulfills the following regulations: • 44 CFR§201.6(c)(4)—The plan shall include the following: o (i) — A section describing the method and schedule of monitoring, evaluating, and updating the mitigation plan within a five-year cycle. o (iii) —A discussion on how the community will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process. 7.2 Plan Monitoring, Evaluation, & Update Plan maintenance is the process the planning committee establishes to track the progress of the plan's implementation and to inform future plan updates within a five-year cycle. These procedures help ensure the mitigation strategy is implemented according to the plan; provide a foundation for ongoing hazard mitigation across all participating jurisdictions; standardize long- term monitoring of hazard and risk-related activities; help integrate mitigation into department roles; and maintain momentum through continued engagement and accountability. Plan maintenance will primarily be coordinated and led by Valley County Emergency Management (or an official designee), and will be accomplished through annual meetings in addition to a five-year evaluation. Valley County Emergency Management (or an official designee) will schedule, publicize, and lead the annual meetings and the five-year evaluation, with additional coordination undertaken by the official designee of the adopting jurisdictions: • Valley County— Floodplain Administrator, Road Dept representative • City of McCall —City Manager • City of Donnelly—Mayor • City of Cascade —Mayor • Representatives of each fire district (Cascade, Donnelly, McCall) All meeting minutes, press releases, and other documentation of revisions should be kept on record by Valley County Emergency Management. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan I VI-71 7.2.1 Monitoring Implementation Plan monitoring refers to charting and tracking the implementation of the plan over time. During the annual meetings, the entities responsible for the mitigation strategy will report on the progress of implementation of actions (see Section II), noting both successes and challenges encountered or foreseen. Monitoring will be captured by the Valley County Emergency Manager and compiled into a report to be used in plan updates. 7.2.2 Evaluating Implementation Evaluating means assessing the effectiveness of the plan at achieving its stated purpose and goals. During the annual meetings and the five-year plan evaluation and update, the planning committee in addition to all participating stakeholders will evaluate progress of the following items: • The number of actions listed in the mitigation strategy completed (see Section Il. Mitigation Strategy); • Integration of hazard mitigation into other planning mechanisms; and • Opportunities for new and additional mitigation actions. The annual evaluation will be captured by the Valley County Emergency Manager and compiled into a report to be used in plan updates. 7.2.3 Updating the Plan The plan must be reviewed and revised least once every five years to reflect changes in development, progress in local mitigation efforts, and changes in priorities. The Valley County Emergency Manager will be responsible for the five-year update. Prior to the five-year anniversary of plan adoption, the Emergency Manager will seek local, state, and/or federal funding to update the plan (if necessary), will initiate the plan update by convening the planning committee, and coordinate across the adopting jurisdictions and stakeholders to ensure participation and engagement. During the update process, the planning committee will revisit and update the following information: • Local, state, and/or federal policy related to emergency management, with focus paid to hazard mitigation; • Completed mitigation actions, identify new actions, and conduct a comprehensive evaluation of mitigation priorities and programs; • Identify avenues for successful mitigation implementation, challenges and limitations encountered, and methods to overcome challenges; • Review and update mitigation-related capabilities and resources specific to each adopting jurisdiction and participating stakeholder with roles in emergency management; • Incorporate additional or updated demographic and socioeconomic data of the county and its jurisdictions; • Review and incorporate any new planning documents, ordinances, codes,and regulations that have been developed by the county and its jurisdictions; Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan I VI-72 • Update the hazard profiles—specifically the risk and vulnerability assessments of each hazard and jurisdiction—noting any major changes to the hazard type, location, and extent, or mitigation projects that have altered vulnerability to the hazard; • Local and regional hazard occurrences, specifically those with associated direct and/or indirect losses and repetitive/recurring losses to people, structures, and infrastructure; and • Update and/or incorporate additional risk analysis models and data, such as an updated parcel data, new construction projects, development trends, population vulnerabilities, changing risk potential, etc. 7.3 Continued Public Participation The Valley County Commissioners and Valley County Emergency Manager are jointly responsible for continued public involvement in hazard mitigation. Additionally, an official designee from each jurisdiction is responsible for coordinating continued public engagement over the five-year lifecycle of the plan: • City of McCall —City Manager • City of Donnelly—Mayor • City of Cascade —Mayor The designees will hold a public meeting as part of each annual monitoring/evaluation or when deemed necessary by the planning committee. The meetings will provide the public a forum for which they can express concerns, opinions, or ideas about the plan. The County Commissioner's Offices will be responsible for using county resources to publicize the annual meetings and maintain public involvement through the county's webpage and local newspapers.The public will have the opportunity to provide feedback about the plan at meetings of the County Board of Commissioners. In additional, copies of the plan will be kept at the County Courthouse.The plan includes contact information for Valley County Emergency Management,which is responsible for keeping track of public comments and incorporating public feedback into the plan when necessary. Valley County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan I VI-73