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Home My Public Portal AboutOld Richmond National Register.pdfFoam 10 -300 (Rov. 6 -72) 1. NAME : :: c c'.rtoN: Old Richmond Historic District UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES:: INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM • (Type oil entries.- coniplete applica/ le sections) AND'OR HISTORIC: 2." .:: <<sJ': STATE: Indiana COUNTY: Wayne FOR NP5 USE ONLY ENTRY DATE STREET AND NUMBER: Various, as shown in Richmond City Directory CITY OR TOWN; CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT: Richmond Tenth :.• 3., CLASSIFICATIOM .: CATEGORY (Check One) Z. District ❑ Building ❑ Site ❑ Structure ❑ Object OWNERSHIP ❑ Public ❑ Private $] Both Public Acquisition: ❑ In Process ❑ Being Considered STATUS ACCESSIBLE TO THE PUBLIC Occupied _ ❑ Unoccupied ❑ Preservation work in progress Yes: �J'Restrlcr'ed,. ❑ Unrestricted ❑ No PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate). ❑ Agricultural [2 Commercial 50 Educational ❑ Entertainment ❑ Government ® Industrial ❑ Military ❑ Museum 4 . :: OWN E;R:_O F PROP £ RTY'; (2 Park Privote Residence ® Religious ❑ Scientific ❑ Transportation ❑ Other (Specify) ❑ Comments OWNER'S NAME: _As :shown in'- 'Transfer Books, City of Richmond,. •I'ndiana -....- STREET AND NUMBER: C As shown in Richmond City Directory for are ITV OR TOWN: STATE: Richmond LCCATI.ON` OF;;LEGAL OESCR PTEON Indiana . �ODF 1 COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS. ETC: Recorder's Office, Wayne County Court House STREET AND NUMBER: 4th & Main Streets CITY OR TOWN: Richmond r RET.R.E FN TATION.IN;EXIST!NG.SURVEYS r >' STATE Indiana CODE 18 TITLE OF SURVEY: Richmond, Indiana- Toward Architectural Preservation DATE OF SURVEY: 1969-71 ❑ Federal ❑ State ❑ County [x Local DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: Plan Commission, City of Richmond, Indiana STREET ANO NUMBER: MLni ci a7_, B1 dq. CITY OR TOWN: Richmond STATE: Indiana CODE is 113EINMN ANL N3 u D 1 m Jl1NO 3Sf1 SdN JOd / /. UEaCRtP71UN CONDITION (check One) D Excellent [I Good Fair -:j Deteriorated U Ruins n Unexposed ^_-_ - - -yy- (Check One) (Check ()fro) (_'I` Altered [1 Unaltered LI Moved [?f Original Site r)t scr<InE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (if known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE 1. Old Richmond Historic District consists of 250 acres comprisitg the Original Plat of Richmond (1816) and several early additions up to 1855. The district is bounded on the west by the C &O Rail- road, on the east by South llth St., on the north by the center- line of South "A" Street, and on the south by the centerline of an alley south of South "E" Street. It was a commercial, indus- trial and residential neighborhood, occupied at first by Friends later by German immigrants and free blacks. The squares in Old Richmond Historic District are typical grid- irons, consisting of 3 x 6 pole lots in the Original Plat, and smaller tracts in Bickel & Laws Addition, Jeremiah Hadley's Addition and Smith's Outlots. 2. The main commercial district in Old Richmond'was south 4th & 5th Streets. Until 1837, South 4th(then Front)Street was Rich - R" mond's main commercial artery. The National Road ran along part rn of South 4th Street until the National Road Bridge was completed rn in 1837. These streets are lined with federal and Greek Revival detached town houses, interspersed with later early Victorian homes. The 200 block of South 4th Street contains several fine ,,, late 19th century homes built by wealth/German-Americans. 3. South 2d, 3rd and 6th Streets were mainly residential neighbo - hoods, first occupied by English Friends, then by blacks and a (• Germans. The Elijah Coffin Mansion at 110 S. 3rd is the best house in this classification. 4. South' 7th , 8th & 9th Streets were once called "Little Africa' These streets were the heart of Richmond's free black community efore the civil war. The neighborhood consists of free standing townhouses and one and one -half story cottages of federal and Grecian style. v) 5. The following structures are considered of national importan e: (a) Bethel A.M.E. Church(1857- remodeled 1895) -- center of Underground Railroad acitivites for eastern Indiana; located at 200 S. 6th St. One of oldest A.M.E congregations in midwes (b) William Paul Quinn Home (ca . 1835) -- 217 --19 S. 3rd St. Residence of Bishop William Paul Quinn, evangelist, educator and Mason, organizer of more than 50 A.M.E churches, and prime mover in black efforts to aid runaway slaves. The following structures are of state importance: (a) Elijah Coffin Mansion(1845- 47) - -110 S. 3rd St. 21 story Federal style hip - roofed town home on large lot w/ cupola; (b) Henry Davis House (1856) - -2 z .story brick gabled town home of excellent design, represents best of local vernacular Grecian architecture; (c) Rankempf Cottage (1855) -- -402 South "E" St., 11/2 story brick Grecian cottage with gable end to street; (d) Hall Town House (1838) ---119 S. 3rd St., 2 story federal style i.. Form 10 -300o • (July 1969) UNITED ST!!_TES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR --- .y'TIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM (Continuation Sheet) STATE Indiana COUNTY Wayne FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER DATE (Nember 311 entrlea) (ITEM(7) CONTINUED) town house (detached) excellent representative sample; (e) Edward Frauman House(1855)- -236 S. 3rd St. 12 story brick town home, gable end to street, excellent vernacular style; (f) Lydia Pierce Cottage(1858)- -241 S. "B" St., 1 story Dutch gabled cottage with 50 pitch roof. Excellent Germanic vernacul architecture. 7. Old Richmond Historic District consists of 19 city blocks and portions of 15 blocks. It is a homogeneous area containing 2 structures of national importance, 6 of state importance, and 204 structures of local importance, according to National Park Service standards. Of that 212, 64 are of post - colonial style, 106 are of Grecian or Greek Revival style, 27 are of Greco - Italianate style, 12 are purely Italianate, and 1 is Gothic & Italianate composite style. There are several key areas in Old Richmond Historic Distri (a) 100 Block South 3rd Street -- This block is unchanged from mid 1850's. It contains 14 structures, 6 of which are of historic importance, including the James Hall Town House and the Elijah Coffin Mansion; (b) 200 Block South 6th Street -- This block contains 21 struc- tures, 1 of national importance, 1 of state importance, and 8 of local importance; (c) 200 Block South 3rd Street -- This block contains 21 struc- tures, 1 of national importance(Wm.Paul Quinn housel 1 of state importance(Frauman house) and 8 of local importance; (d) 400 Block South 4th Street - -This block contains 23 structur all of which are detached town homes, 12 of local importance; (e) 200 Block South 7th Street -- -This block contains 23 structur all of which are detached, freestanding homes & cottages. 15 are of local importance; (f) 300 -400 Block South 10th Street- -This block contains 48 structures, 24 of local importance. This is the heart of the German - american residential neighborhood area. 8. Several very significant structures have been destroyed: (a) Richmond City Market House (1825 -1965) - -520 South "A" St. a 7 bay arched post - colonial market house, only extant structure of its type in Indiana. Inventoried HABSI 1936; (b) John Meek House (1835- 1972) - -110 S. 5th St. 21/2 story brick town house of high quality destroyed to make way for parkinglot (c) St. Andrew's Church (1846- 1915) - -2 story late federal style brick gabled church with oriel window & Ionic cornice, demolish when new school built. GPO 921.724 a c r t: s, s, ed Nihri ''iGNIFICANCE AIL •'t:RIOO (Cheek One or More no Appropriate) [j Pre - Columbian'; [.1 16th Century 9 15111 Century n 17th Century LI 181h Century ICI 19th Century [I 20th Century SPECIFIC t ATF_ISI (If Applicable nntl Known) AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE Abor iginol ❑ Prehistoric [� Historic ❑ Agriculture '] Architecture ❑ Art E] Commerce ❑ Communications 9, Conservation (Check One or More as Appropriate) PO Education [ Political 9 Engineering 0 Religion/Phi- O Industry tosophy CI Invention ❑ Science ❑ Landscape [] Sculpture Architecture 121 Social /Humon- ❑ Literature itorion C] Military C] Theater ❑ Music LX.] Transportation 9 Urban Planning 0 Other (Specify) Black history STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 1. Architectural Significance: The Elijah Coffin mansion, if restored, would be one of the better post - colonial mansions of the midwest. It is a 21/2 story brick 3x4 bay hip roofed structur with cupola, and attached kitchen wing. Much original wrought ironwork remains, including a fine fence and a secondary wrough iron porch with iron acroteria. It is a sophisticated Quaker town house or mansion with detailing in both Grecian and earlie Palladian styles. The James Hall Townhouse, which is intact,is a 2 story brick post - colonial style town house with gabled ends possessing a frontispiece adapted from LeFever's The Modern Builder's Guide, P1 80 (Right side) . It is a fine example of midwest townhouse architecture. The Henry Davis House, a 22 story brick gabled Grecian town home, is largely intact. It represents typical large town house construction in Richmond. The Frauman, Pierce and Rankempf cottages are examples of a loc vernacular cottage architecture of high quality. Space consi- derations preclude discussion of the 212 historic properties in Old Richmond. It suffices to state that each early cottage or town house is part of a rich cultural and architectural scene. 2. Historic Significance: Richmond was incorporated in 1S18,and made a city in 1840. Prior to 1840, Richmond was principally what is the Old Richmond Historic District. Upon the completion of the National Road bridge in 1837, Richmond began to grow northeast along National 'Road(Main Street) toward the Ohio line Old Richmond's original Iris & English Quaker inhabitants moved northeast to newer areas of Richmond, turning over their early townhouses and cottages to German immigrants and to blacks. These two ethnic groups then created much of Old Richmond's history. The Richmond black community early organized a significanct center for educating freed blacks and for harboring runaway sla es, Bethel A.M.E Church. Until 1850, Richmond and Old Richmond II Historic District was the second largest settlement of free blacks in Indiana. Bethel Church was more than a religious center, it was a social and educationa institution for free blacks. Under the leadership of Bishop William Paul Quinn, the Bethel Congregation educated blacks despite anti- Fora 10.200a (July 196?) (Vumher If entries) (imm 8 CONTINUED) literacy laws. It also functioned as a way station for runaway blacks. The Germans built three churches which formed for them social and economic centers: (a) St. Andrew's Catholic Church(1846)--- German Catholic church and school system; (b) St. Paul Evan.elical Lutheran Church(1857) - -a merger of Lutheran dissidents and German methodists; (c) St. John's Lutheran Church & Academ (1846 -54) -- largest of all German institutions, possessed a high school as part of church operations; g quality secondary These centers, together with German language newspapers, and the ubiquitous Turnerverein, kept German culture alive until World War I. 3. Important Residents of Old Richmond: (a) William Paul Quinn(1785?-1873)--Born in Honduras mother and Hispano -Irish father, dealer in mahogany. oEmigrat to U.S. ca. 1800, educated by Philadelphia Friends. With t Richard Allen at foundation of Afro M.E. Church 1816, licens to preach thereafter. Send to Midwest 1836 to evangelize among blacks, Founded Bethel (Richmond A.M.E Church as cente for free black community in 1836. Founded more than 50 B.M. churches in midwest, organized black communities into under- ground railway network. Active in founding of Wilberforce University, associated with Daniel Payne in black educationa: work. Died 1873 in Richmond. (b) Samuel Townsend (1843 --1913 -- Civil War Veteran(Mass.) black educator and A.M.E. minister. Associated with Timothy Nicholson in Republican Political activities, elected to state legislature 1883 -85, first black in Indiana General Assembly. U.S. Commissioner of General Land Office under Benjamin Harrison. (c) Eli "ah Coffin(1796- 1862) -- .Cashier of Indiana State Bank Clerk of Indiana Yearly Meeting of Friends, and important early Indiana financier. 4. Famous Events associated with Old Richmond: (a) Completion of National Road through Indiana, 1832; (b) Abolitionist movement, 1836- -1861; (c) Underground railroad through eastern Indiana 1840 --60; (d) German immigration movemebt 1837-1849; UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR F F NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM (Continuation Sheet) STATE tom. Indiana COUNTY Wayne GP 0 921_724 MAJOR 61BLlOGRr \P1ilCAL REF' NCES_ Young, Histor of Wa ne County Indiana(1872) Plummer,r�d•,AThe� 7� E.L. Thornbo g Directory of the City of Richmond (1857k; Negro in Indiana HistorY(1963) ; F. LIIartel,The Germans in Richmond, (1912)MS Thesis; W. Peat, Indiana Houses of the Nineteenth Century (1962) ; Do Payne, A History of the Afro M.E. Church(189 ) H.C. Fox, ed., Memoirs of Wa ne Count Indiana (1912) 11 • GEOGRAPHICAL DATA LATITUDE ANC LONGIT'lOE COOROlN0.TE5 '�ERTY 01 OEFINING THe e.t, TZR POIN "1 OF A PreOPER TY LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES S OF LE55 THAN TEN ACRES DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PRO -- _ -- R - - - LATITUDE ' LONG! TUOE' 'LONGITUDE' ` CORNER LATITUDE L' .` -- Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds 39 ° 49 ' 37 - 84 ° 54 ' 00 .39 °4936+ 84 °.53 15 39 49 14 84 53 15 sw . ° • rJ 250 APPROXIMATE ACREAGE IOOF�OMINATED PROPERTY: ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES ..nr GOUNTY NW NE SE Degrees Minutes Seconds 0 ' • Degrees Minutes Seconds 0 STATE: FORM PREPARES) B NAME ANO TITLE: ORGANIZATION Old Richmond Inc STREET AND NUMBER: 19 South 9th S CITY OR TOWN: Richmond .12. STATE LIAISON OFFICER CERTIFICATION >. As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na- tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89 -665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the c-iteria. and procedures set forth by the National Park Service. The recommended level of significance of this nomination is: ❑ State El Local n11 \ational : I STATE Indiana NATIONAL. REGISTER VERIFIC "+ION CODE Name Title Date 18 I hereb.y certify that this property is included in the National Register. - Director, Offico of Archeology !and Historic Preservation Date ATTEST : - date Keeper of The National Register rn rn GPO 931.994 Tr • !moo. 'titX It 'z x'1 I'rr `Tf I4NIq U ► +I`I'lal`I�� is o - c, 00008E300 10 z H±N3311:1 f104 IlL so Q �ew di I b V 11* it" ti • w fR Tp 1 Fn T t 1- o „ /6 "O/ e ta-47: WICK NEM H1 N3 A313 . ss/ n H1N31 s WE Eel .�R .• -•"3;6' rn k ^1 rLL-r -'i N1NIN N!YJNf1O3 rt MI t . ., z iz,r 114 t2 st 114 t .u: 1- 0 2 C. W 0 7—z i0 B 1Ii flY 171 N 1'JJ1M I! 1 CS r. a. 1331N e. N 0 N.1:1.flOJ M •o auLt •.fpm , m = — dal s a •� 1 TIl ' `t 1 �Al � lY 1 �iQ41�i�L�...T..� �Z1 NPS Form 10 -900 OMB No 10024 -0018 (Oct 19(20) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form t f..l AL, This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N /A" for not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10- 900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property historic name OJd_Richmond_Historic District Boundary Amendment other names /site number 177 - 536 -42000 2. Location street & number Roughly hounded by_A,A1 th, E Street& and the C &O Railroad tracks N/A ❑ not for publication city or town Richmond state Indiana code IN county Wayne N/A 0 vicinity code 177 zip code 47374 3. State /Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this ell nomination O ,request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property ®meets ❑ !does not meet the National Register criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant ❑ nationally ❑ statewid - ® !local l See continuation sheet for additional comments.) Signat e of ce ifying official/Title ate Indian Department of Natural Resources State o agency and bureau _ O In my opinion, the property ❑ meets ❑ does not meet the National Register criteria. ( ❑ See continuation sheet for additional comments.) Signature of certifying official/Title Date State or Federal agency and bureau 4. National Park Service Certification I hereby certify that the property is: ❑ !entered in the National Register. ❑ See continuation sheet. ❑ determined eligible for the National Register LI See continuation sheet. CI determined not eligible for the National Register ❑ removed from the National Register ❑ other, (explain:) Signature of the Keeper Date of Action Old Richmond_Htstoric District Boundary Amendment Name of Property Wayne. _ IN County and State 5. Classification Ownership of Property (Check as many boxes as apply) ' private Y_- H public -local Li public -State public - Federal Category of Property (Check only one box) [7 building LJ district ❑ site ❑ structure ❑ object ❑ landscape Name of related multiple property listing (Enter "N /A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing.) N/A Number of Resources within Property (Do not include previously listed resources in the count Contributing Noncontributing 557 2 53 0 0 0 0 559 buildings sites structures 0 objects Total 53 Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register 1 6. Function or Use Historic Functions (Enter categories from instructions) DOMFSTIC' Single Dwelling__- _ _DOMESTIC' Multiple Dwelling _. .OQMMERCE/TRADE: Specialty Store GOVFRNMFNT: RFI IGION- LANDSCAPE Correctional Facility R us Facility Park Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions) DOMESTIC: DOMESZI.C. COMMERCE/TRADE COMMERCE/TRADE_ RFI IGION: LANDSCAPE: Sina�,le Dw llin_g Multiple Dwelling ecialty Store Restaurant Religious Facility —Park 7. Description Architectural Classification (Enter categories from instructions) EARLY REPURI IC- MID -19th LATE VICZQRIAN: LATE VICTORIAN: _ »thy 20th c REVIVALS- Federal Greek Revival Italianate Queen Anne Late Gothic Revival Materials (Enter categories from instructions) foundation walls roof other Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) STONE Limestone BRICK WOOD: Weatherboard ASPHALT SYNTHETICS: MinyI CONCRETE Old Richmond Historic.. District Boundary Nance of Property Wayne County and State IN 8. Statement of Significance Applicable National Register Criteria (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register listing.) ('L 1 A Property is associated with events that have made a significant contriibution to the broad patterns of our history. �]B OC Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. ❑ D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Criteria Considerations (Mark "x" in all the boxes that apply.) Property is: CJ A owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes. ❑B ❑C 0 ❑E ❑F ❑G removed from its original location. a birthplace or grave. a cemetery. a reconstructed building, object, or structure. a commemorative property. less than 50 years of age or achieved significance within the past 50 years. Narrative Statement of Significance (Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) Areas of Significance (Enter categories from instructions) ARCHITECTURE__ —__ EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT SQCIAL HISTORY ETHNIC HERITAGF• ETHNIC HFRITAGE' T_BAN.SPORTATION` Period of Significance 1819 -1950 Black _ _ European _ _ Significant Dates 1$37 Significant Person (Complete if Criterion B is marked above) N/A Cultural Affiliation N/A Architect/Builder Hasecoster, John A Trowbris ge & Ackerman 9. Major Bibliographic References Bibliography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on Previous documentation on file (NPS): ❑ preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested previously listed in the National Register 1_1 fig §jg )y determined eligible by the National 1.7 designated a National Historic Landmark IJ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey Ili recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # one or more continuation sheets.) Primary location of additional data: C.1 State Historic Preservation Office ❑ Other State agency ❑ Federal agency L-) Local government ❑ University ❑ Other Name of repository: Wayne_County Recorder.'s_Office _ Old Richmond Historic District_B.ounda y Wayne _ . ...___ __ IN ___ Name of Property County and State 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property _211Q .acres UTM References (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet.) 3 11 6 16 09 76P ] _1410,91810 ■ Zone asting Northing 2 11.161 6181071410J 1414I1pI41810 4 1116] 6181OQF d IO 1 i40p1-71710 J • See continuation sheet 1 1 61 6171 p f 10 14,4[1 10,5 {20 Zone Easting Northing Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11. Form Prepared By name /title Eliza Steelwater. Ph.D organization date 03 -27 -2003 street & number 4541_Stidd Lane telephone 812/ 334 -1107 city or town BI omington state IN zip code 47_408 Additional Documentation u mi e o owing i ems wit t o comp to orm: Continuation Sheets Maps A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Photographs Representative black and white photographs of the property. Additional items (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) Property Owner (Complete this item at the request of SHPO or FPO.) name Debbie Somerville and Carl Faller; CRISILIS DEVELOPMFNT COMPANY street & number 5050 C Pine Creek Drive telephone tel 614 823 4991 city or town Westerville state OH zip code 43081 Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013 -7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Projects (1024 -0018), Washington, DC 20503. NPS Form 10 -900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB No. 1024 -0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 5 Page 1 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana CONTRIBUTING AND NON - CONTRIBUTING RESOURCES (612 total) NB. "Survey number" refers to the Indiana Historic Sites and Structures Inventory for the Old Richmond Historic District, city of Richmond, Wayne County.' One building, Bethel A. M. E. Church (1892), 200 South 6th Street, survey number 338, is individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places and in the Historical American Building Survey. CONTRIBUTING RESOURCES (N =559), sheet 1 of 12 'Survey conducted circa 2000 -2001. Survey numbers are keyed to data and photography archived in the Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Indianapolis. SURVEY NO I ADDRESS 1 SURVEY NO I ADDRESS SOUTH A STREET (south side only, north is not in district) 2 303 South A St 4 6 409 South A St 611 South A St 10 813 South A St 567 825 South A St 11 SOUTH 901 South A St B STREET (south side) SOUTH B STREET (north side) 14 200 South B St 27 205 South B St 15 16 208 South B St 28 207 South B St 213 South B St 404 South B St + 29 17 516 South B St 30 219 South B St 18 19 610 South B St 614 South B St 31 32 221 South B St 309 South B St 20 620 South B St 34 611 South B St 22 706 South B St 35 615 South B St 23 812 South B St 36 625 South B St 24 902 South B St 37 707 South B St 26 1006 South B St 'Survey conducted circa 2000 -2001. Survey numbers are keyed to data and photography archived in the Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Indianapolis. NPS Form 10 -900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB No. 1024 -0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 5 Page 2 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana CONTRIBUTING RESOURCES (N =559), sheet 2 of 12 SURVEY NO I ADDRESS SURVEY NO I ADDRESS SOUTH C STREET (north side) SOUTH C STREET (south side) 38 610 South C St 44 217 South C St 42 1020 South C St (west building) 46 311 South C St 47 609 South C St 48 613 South C St 49 617 South C St 50 619 South C St 53 903 South C St 54 1001 South C St 55 1015 South C St SOUTH D STREET (north side) SOUTH D STREET (south side) l 56 410 South D St 58 229 South D St 57 512 South D St 59 303 South D St 60 509 South D St 61 515 South D St SOUTH E STREET (north side) SOUTH E STREET (south side) 63 602 South E St 72 405 South E St 64 604 South E St 73 517 South E St 65 612 South E St 75 519 South E St 66 614 South E St 77 547 South E St 67 618 South E St 79 637 South E St 68, 385 Swicker Park 80 641 South E St 70 800 South E St 81 645 South E St 83 715 South E St 84 717 South E St 85 719 South E St 86 721 South E St 87 801 South E St S E cont. next page CONTRIBUTING RESOURCES (N =559), sheet 3 of 12 SURVEY NO ADDRESS SURVEY NO ADDRESS 89 813 South E St 90 815 South E St 91 821 South E St 92 825 South E St 93 827 South E St 94 829 South E St NPS Form 10-900a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB No. 1024 -0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 5 Page 3 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana 1 95 831 South E St SOUTH 2ND STREET (west side) SOUTH 2ND STREET (east side) 98 220 South 2nd St 105 241 South 2nd St 99 216 South 2nd St 107 231 South 2nd St 100 210 South 2nd St 108 227 South 2nd St 102 204 South 2nd St 110 215 South 2nd St 103 200 South 2nd St 112 201 South 2nd St 113 129 South 2nd St SOUTH 3RD STREET (west side) SOUTH 3RD STREET (east side) 119 330 South 3rd St 141 331 South 3rd St 120 324 South 3rd St 143 317 South 3rd St 121 322 South 3rd St 144 313 South 3rd St 122 316 South 3rd St 145 311 South 3rd St 123 310 South 3rd St 146 301 South 3rd St 124 300 South 3rd St 147 245 South 3rd St 125 246 South 3rd St 148 241 South 3rd St 126 240 South 3rd St 149 237 South 3rd St 127 236 South 3rd St 150 235 South 3rd St 128 232 South 3rd St 151 225 South 3rd St 129 230 South 3rd St 152 221 South 3rd St 130 222 South 3rd St 153 217 South 3rd St 131 218 South 3rd St 154 213 South 3rd St S 3rd conL next page NPS Form 10-900a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB No. 1024 -0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 5 Page 3 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana NPS Form 10.900a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB No. 1024-0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 5 Page 4 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana CONTRIBUTING RESOURCES (N =559), sheet 4 of 12 SURVEY NO ADDRESS SURVEY NO ADDRESS 132 210 South 3rd St 155 209 South 3rd St 133 136 South 3rd St 156 207 South 3rd St 134 130 South 3rd St 157 201 South 3rd St 135 126 South 3rd St 158 139 South 3rd St 136 120 South 3rd St 159 133 South 3rd St 137 118 South 3rd St 161 125 South 3rd St 138 114 South 3rd St 162 121 South 3rd St 139 110 South 3rd St 163 119 South 3rd St 140 100 South 3rd St 164 113 South 3rd St not in survey 100 rear South 3rd St SOUTH 4TH STREET (west side) SOUTH 4TH STREET (east side) 166 434 South 4th St 204 449 South 4th St 167 424 South 4th St 205 447 South 4th St 169 420 South 4th St 206 443 South 4th St 170 418 South 4th St 208 431 South 4th St 171 412 South 4th St 209 427 South 4th St 172 408 South 4th St 210 425 South 4th St 173 404 South 4th St 211 423 South 4th St 175 328 South 4th St 212 419 South 4th St 176 324 South 4th St 213 413 South 4th St 177 320 South 4th St 214 409 South 4th St 178 318 South 4th St 215 407 South 4th St 179 314 South 4th St 216 403 South 4th St 180 308 South 4th St 217 401 South 4th St 182 300 South 4th St 218 327 South 4th St 183 246 South 4th St 219 325 South 4th St 184 244 South 4th St 220 321 South 4th St 185 240 South 4th St 221 317 South 4th St S 41h cont. next page NPS Form 10 -900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB No. 1024 -0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 5 Page 5 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana CONTRIBUTING RESOURCES (N =559), sheet 5 of 12 SURVEY NO ADDRESS SURVEY NO ADDRESS 186 238 South 4th St 222 315 South 4th St 187 234 South 4th St 223 309 South 4th St 188 230 South 4th St 225 301 South 4th St 189 228 South 4th St 226 247 South 4th St 190 220 South 4th St 227 245 South 4th St 191 216 South 4th St 228 239 South 4th St 192 214 South 4th St 229 235 South 4th St 193 212 South 4th St 230 233 South 4th St 194 204 South 4th St 231 229 South 4th St 195 200 South 4th St 235 135 South 4th St 196 134 South 4th St 236 133 South 4th St 197 132 South 4th St 237 131 South 4th St 198 130 South 4th St 238 127 South 4th St 199 124 South 4th St 239 121 South 4th St 200 120 South 4th St 240 117 South 4th St 201 116 South 4th St 241 113 South 4th St 202 114 South 4th St 242 105 South 4th St 203 108 South 4th St 243 103 South 4th St 3 100 South 4th St 244 101 South 4th St SOUTH 5TH STREET (west side) SOUTH 5th STREET (east side) not in survey 510 South 5th St 276 425 South 5th St not in survey 506 South 5th St ° 278 419 South 5th St not in survey 504 South 5th St 280 415 South 5th St not in survey 500 South 5th St 282 409 South 5th St 245 450 South 5th St 283 405 South 5th St 246 446 South 5th St 284 401 South 5th St 247 442 South 5th St 285 331 South 5th St 248 436 South 5th St 286 325 South 5th St S 5 cont. next page NPS Form 10 -900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB No. 1024 -0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 5 Page 6 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana CONTRIBUTING RESOURCES (N =559), sheet 6 of 12 SURVEY NO ADDRESS SURVEY NO ADDRESS 249 432 South 5th St 287 321 South 5th St 250 428 South 5th St 288 317 South 5th St 252 420 South 5th St 290 245 South 5th St 253 416 South 5th St 291 235 South 5th St 247 408 South 5th St 292 221 South 5th St not in survey 244 South 5th St 294 213 South 5th St 260 242 South 5th St 298 139 South 5th St 261 238 South 5th St 299 133 South 5th St 262 234 South 5th St 300 131 South 5th St 263 230 South 5th St 301 129 South 5th St 264 224 South 5th St 302 125 South 5th St 267 138 South 5th St 303 121 South 5th St 268 134 South 5th St 304 117 South 5th St 269 126 South 5th St 270 124 South 5th St 305 115 South 5th St 271 122 South 5th St SOUTH 6TH STREET (west side) SOUTH 6TH STREET (east side) 308 446 South 6th St 345 435 South 6th St 309 444 South 6th St 346 433 South 6th St 311 436 South 6th St 347 429 South 6th St 312 432 South 6th St 348 425 South 6th St 313 430 South 6th St 349 423 South 6th St 314 428 South 6th St 350 419 South 6th St 315 426 South 6th St 351 415 South 6th St 315 424 South Gth St 353 409 South 6th St 317 416 South 6th St 354 407 South 6th St 318 414 South 6th St 355 405 South 6th St 320 410 South 6th St 356 333 South 6th St S 6 cont. next page NPS Form 10 -900a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB No. 1024 -0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 5 Page 7 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana CONTRIBUTING RESOURCES (N =559), sheet 7 of 12 SURVEY NO ADDRESS SURVEY NO ADDRESS 321 406 South 6th St 357 331 South 6th St 322 402 South 6th St 358 329 South 6th St 323 326 South 6th St 359 325 South 6th St 324 322 South 6th St 361 319 South 6th St 325 318 South 6th St 362 311 South 6th St 327 314 South 6th St 363 307 South 6th St 328 312 South 6th St 364 305 South 6th St 329 308 South 6th St 365 303 South 6th St 331 240 South 6th St 366 301 South 6th St 332 228 South bth St 367 241 South 6th St 333 224 South 6th St 368 235 South 6th St 334 220 South 6th St 369 231 South 6th St 335 216 South 6th St 370 227 South 6th St 336 214 South 6th St 371 223 South 6th St 337 212 South 6th St 372 221 South 6th St 339 138 South 6th St 373 217 South 6th St 340 132 South 6th St 375 207 South 6th St 341 128 South 6th St 376 205 South 6th St 342 124 South 6th St 377 201 South 6th St 343 116 South 6th St 378 133 South 6th St 344 110 South 6th St 379 127 South 6th St 380 123 South 6th St 381 121 South 6th St 382 119 South 6th St NPS Form 10.900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB No. 1024 -0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 5 Page 8 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana CONTRIBUTING RESOURCES (N =559), sheet 8 of 12 SURVEY NO I ADDRESS SURVEY NO I ADDRESS SOUTH 7TH STREET (west side) SOUTH 7TH STREET (east side) 386 424 South 7th St not in survey 501 South 7th St (south building) not in survey 422 South 7th St 82 501 South 7th St (north building) 387 418 South 7th St 420 447 South 7th St 388 412 South 7th St 421 445 South 7th St 389 410 South 7th St 423 439 South 7th St 390 406 South 7th St 425 429 South 7th St 391 402 South 7th St 426 425 South 7th St 392 400 South 7th St 427 421 South 7th St 393 328 South 7th St 428 417 South 7th St 394 322 South 7th St 429 413 South 7th St 395 318 South 7th St 430 409 South 7th St 396 312 South 7th St 432 335 South 7th St 397 310 South 7th St 435 321 South 7th St 398 300 South 7th St 436 319 South 7th St 399 240 South 7th St 437 313 South 7th St 400 238 South 7th St 438 311 South 7th St 401 236 South 7th St 438 305 South 7th St 402 232 South 7th St 440 301 South 7th St 403 228 South 7th St 441 243 South 7th St 404 226 South 7th St 442 239 South 7th St 405 222 South 7th St 443 235 South 7th St 406 216 South 7th St 444 233 South 7th St 407 214 South 7th St 448 217 South 7th St 408 208 South 7th St 449 215 South 7th St 409 204 South 7th St 450 213 South 7th St 410 200 South 7th St 451 209 South 7th St 411 136 South 7th St 453 201 South 7th St S 7th cont. NPS Form 10 -900a (8.86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB No. 1024 -0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 5 Page 9 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana CONTRIBUTING RESOURCES (N =559), sheet 9 of 12 SURVEY NO ADDRESS SURVEY NO ADDRESS 412 134 South 7th St 454 137 South 7th St 413 130 South 7th St 455 135 South 7th St 414 122 South 7th St 456 131 South 7th St 415 120 South 7th St 457 127 South 7th St 416 118 South 7th St 417 116 South 7th St 418 112 South 7th St 419 108 South 7th St SOUTH 8TH STREET (west side) SOUTH 8TH STREET (east side) 463 430 South 8th St 501 439 South 8th St 464 426 South 8th St 502 435 South 8th St 465 424 South 8th St 503 431 South 8th St 466 420 South 8th St 504 427 South 8th St 467 418 South 8th St 505 423 South 8th St 468 414 South 8th St 506 417 South 8th St 469 408 South 8th St 507 415 South 8th St 470 406 South 8th St 508 411 South 8th St 471 400 South 8th St 509 407 South 8th St 472 334 South 8th St 510 405 South 8th St 473 328 South 8th St 511 337 South 8th St 474 324 South 8th St 512 335 South 8th St 475 322 South 8th St 513 331 South 8th St 476 320 South 8th St 514 329 South 8th St 478 312 South 8th St 515 325 South 8th St 479 308 South 8th St 516 321 South 8th St 480 246 South 8th St 518 315 South 8th St 481 242 South 8th St 519 309 South 8th St 482 236 South 8th St 520 305 South 8th St S 8th cont. next page NPS Form 10.900a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB No. 1024-0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 5 Page 10 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana CONTRIBUTING RESOURCES (N =559), sheet 10 of 12 SURVEY NO ADDRESS SURVEY NO ADDRESS 484 230 South 8th St 521 301 South 8th St 485 228 South 8th St 522 235 South 8th St 486 224 South 8th St 523 231 South 8th St 490 210 South 8th St 526 211 South 8th St 492 200 South 8th St 528 205 South 8th St 493 134 South 8th St 495 126 South 8th St 496 122 South 8th St 497 116 South 8th St 499 110 South 8th St SOUTH 9TH STREET (west side) SOUTH 9TH STREET (east side) 537 414 South 9th St 569 433 South 9th St 538 408 South 9th St 570 431 South 9th St 539 404 South 9th St 571 425 South 9th St 540 400 South 9th St 572 421 South 9th St 541 332 South 9th St 574 415 South 9th St 542 328 South 9th St 575 413 South 9th St 543 324 South 9th St 576 411 South 9th St 545 314 South 9th St 577 405 South 9th St 546 310 South 9th St 578 401 South 9th St 547 306 South 9th St 579 335 South 9th St 548 302 South 9th St 582 325 South 9th St 549 300 South 9th St 583 323 South 9th St • 550 232 South 9th St 584 321 South 9th St 551 228 South 9th St 585 317 South 9th St 552 226 South 9th St 587 313 South 9th St 553 224 South 9th St 588 309 South 9th St 558 206 South 9th St 589 305 South 9th St S 9th cont. next page NPS Form 10 -900a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB No. 1024 -0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 5 Page 11 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana CONTRIBUTING RESOURCES (N =559), sheet 11 of 12 SURVEY NO ADDRESS SURVEY NO ADDRESS 559 200 South 9th St 590 301 South 9th St 560 136 South 9th St 592 229 South 9th St 561 132 South 9th St 593 227 South 9th St 562 128 South 9th St 594 223 South 9th St 563 124 South 9th St 595 219 South 9th St 565 114 South 9th St 596 213 South 9th St 566 106 South 9th St 597 209 South 9th St 599 201 South 9th St 600 133 South 9th St 601 131 South 9th St SOUTH 10TH STREET (west side) SOUTH 10TH STREET (east side) not in survey 500 South 10th St 644 439 South 10th St 606 440 South 10th St 646 431 South 10th St 607 432 South 10th St 647 425 South 10th St 608 430 South 10th St 648 419 South 10th St 609 426 South 10th St 649 417 South 10th St . 610 424 South 10th St 650 415 South 10th St 611 420 South 10th St 651 411 South 10th St 612 418 South 10th St 652 409 South 10th St 614 410 South 10th St 653 403 South 10th St 615 408 South 10th St 654 341 South 10th St 616 402 South 10th St 655 339 South 10th St 617 400 South 10th St 656 333 South 10th St 618 338 South 10th St 657 329 South 10th St 619 336 South 10th St 658 327 South 10th St 620 332 South 10th St 660 319 South 10th St 621 328 South 10th St 661 317 South 10th St 622 324 South 10th St 662 315 South 10th St S 10th cont. next page NPS Form 10-900a (8.86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB No. 1024 -0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 5 Page 12 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana CONTRIBUTING RESOURCES (N =559), sheet 12 of 12 SURVEY NO ADDRESS SURVEY NO ADDRESS 623 320 South 10th St 663 313 South 10th St 624 316 South 10th St 664 305 South 10th St 625 314 South 10th Std 665 10th Street Park 632 220 South 10th St �J 666 229 South 10th St 626 306 South 10th St 667 227 South 10th St not in survey 306 rear South 10th St 668 225 South 10th St not in survey 300 South 10th St 669 221 South 10th St 627 230 South 10th St 670 219 South 10th St 628 228 South 10th St 671 217 South 10th St 629 226 South 10th St 672 215 South 10th St 630 224 South 10th St 673 213 South 10th St 631 222 South 10th St 674 209 South 10th St 632 220 South 10th St 675 205 South 10th St 633 218 South 10th St 676 201 South 10th St 634 216 South 10th St 677,25 129 South 10th St 635 212 South 10th St 678 127 South 10th St 636 208 South 10th St 679 125 South 10th St 637 204 South 10th St 680 123 South 10th St 638 200 South 10th St 681 121 South 10th St 639 128 South 10th St 682 119 South 10th St 640 126 South 10th St 683 113 South 10th St 641 120 South 10th St 643 100 South 10th St (north building) /not in survey 100 South 10th St (south building) end list of contributing resources NPS Form 10-900a (8.86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB No. 1024 -0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 5 Page 13 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana NON- CONTRIBUTING RESOURCES (N =53), sheet 1 of 2 SURVEY NO ADDRESS jSURVEY NO I ADDRESS SOUTH A STREET (south side only, north is not in district) 7 I617 South ASt SOUTH B STREET (north side only, south side has no non - contributing) 21 1 626 South B St I SOUTH C STREET (north side) SOUTH C STREET (south side) 39 618 South C St 50 627 South C St 41 812 South C St 52 805 South C St SOUTH D STREET - no non - contributing SOUTH E STREET - no non - contributing SOUTH 2ND STREET (west side) SOUTH 2ND STREET (east side) 101 1 206 South 2nd St 109 1 223 South 2nd St SOUTH 3RD STREET - no non- contributing SOUTH 4TH STREET (west side) SOUTH 4TH STREET (east side) 168 422 South 4th St 207 435 South 4th St 174 400 South 4th St SOUTH 5TH STREET (west side) SOUTH 5TH STREET (west side) 251 424 South 5th St 277 421 South 5th St 255 400 South 5th St 279 417 South 5th St 258 320 South 5th St 293 217 South 5th St 233, 265 220 South 5th St 33, 295 -297 201 South 5th St SOUTH 6TH STREET (west side) SOUTH 6TH STREET (east side) 310 438 South 6th Sr 352 413 South 6th St 319 412 South 6th Sr 360 323 South 6th St 326 316 South 6th St 374 211 South 6th St not in survey 124 rear South 6th St 383 111 South 6th St NPS Form 10 -900a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB No. 1024 -0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 5 Page 14 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana NON - CONTRIBUTING RESOURCES (N =53), sheet 2 of 2 SURVEY NO I ADDRESS ll SURVEY NO I ADDRESS SOUTH 7TH STREET (east side only, west side has no non - contributing)) 422 443 South 7th St 424 433 South 7th St 434 323 South 7th St 445 229 South 7th Si 446 225 South 7th St 447 223 South 7th St SOUTH 8TH STREET (west side) SOUTH 8TH STREET (east side) 69 434 South 8th St 517 317 South 8th St 477 316 South 8th St 525 213 South 8th St 483 234 South 8th St 527 207 South 8th St 488 214 South 8th St SOUTH 9TH STREET (west side) SOUTH 9TH STREET (east side) 534 450 South 9th St 568 455 South 9th St 535 440 South 9th St 573 417 South 9th St 536 424 South 9th St 580 333 South 9th St 544 316 South 9th St 581 331 South 9th St 591 235 South 9th St 598 205 South 9th St 602 129 South 9th St 604 111 South 9th St SOUTH 10TH STREET (east side, west side has no non - contributing)) 1 j 659 [ 325 South 10th St end list of non - contributing resources NPS Form 10 -900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024 -0018 Section 7 Page 15 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana 7. Narrative Description SUMMARY The Old Richmond Historic District Amendment is an updated consideration of the Old Richmond National Register Historic District. The 1973 nomination omitted a detailed map and enumeration of resources, and confined the period of significance to the nineteenth century. This application provides a detailed resource count and carries the original themes of the district forward to 1950. The Old Richmond district lies south of Richmond's historic downtown and is flanked on the east and south by newer but still historical residential areas. The district stands on flat, postglacial land east of the deep gorge of the Whitewater River. The roughly 200 -acre district, in a ten -by -five block area, contains the original plat of the city of Richmond (1816) plus additional land platted chiefly before 1860. Contributing resources date from 1819 to 1935. The district contains a total of 559 contributing resources and 53 non - contributing resources. Buildings make up 557 of the contributing resources, and the other two are sites. All non- contributing resources are buildings. Most buildings are residences or small commercial buildings of one to two stories on narrow lots with shallow setbacks or at zero lot line. These densely packed buildings are typically small in scale, gable or hip roofed, and finished in red brick or wood siding. Some 40 percent of contributing resources date 1819 -1860, 40 percent date 1861 -1900, and 20 percent date 1901 -1935. An unusual 20 per cent of houses are purpose -built doubles (1840 - 1920). The district contains seven historically significant church buildings (1853 - 1926), three with tall steeples visible from a distance. One of the churches, the Bethel African Methodist Episcopal (1892) is listed on the National Register of Historical Places and in the Historic American Buildings Survey. The Old Richmond Historic District also contains two parks (1890 and 1899) and one three -story factory building (1919). The district's resources are predominantly vernacular designs. Notable 19th century exceptions are Federal, Greek Revival, Italian Villa or Italianate, and Queen Anne in both Eastlake and Free Classic variants. The district has several good 20th Century Revival examples, especially a fine small Tudor Revival building (formerly a gas station) and adjacent large church in Classical Revival style with an Italian Renaissance education building. Most post -1900 houses are American foursquares or bungalows. A number of older I- houses, gable- fronts, and other traditional forms have been updated with full -width porches having Free Classic or bungalow influences. Most resources maintain their overall historical character, although many suffer dilapidation and/or have been treated with non - historical overlay siding, trim, or other embellishment. SETTING NPS Form 10 -900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024 -0018 Section 7 Page 16 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana The Old Richmond Historic District lies east of the Whitewater River at a former natural ford. The underlying terrain is fossil - bearing limestone and shale, exposed at the bottom of the river gorge. The Old Richmond district lies on high ground east of the river. The Richmond area, with an average elevation around 900 feet on fairly level ground, is well watered by springs and has fertile soil. The land has long been cleared of its mixed hardwood and conifer forest for settlement and farming. The city of Richmond lies very near the Indiana -Ohio border in an extensive farming region. Richmond has a present -day population of 37,214, with 79,017 in Wayne County as a whole.' At the northern edge of the Old Richmond district, South A Street (U. S. Highway 40 running east) was aligned with a natural ford across the Whitewater River. Today, the lip of the gorge and rail sidings west of the district create an almost rural vignette containing overgrown factory ruins including a highly visible brick chimney. South A Street, as it passes along the north edge of the district, forms the southern limit of Richmond's downtown business section, whose taller buildings can be glimpsed from within the Old Richmond district. Recent redevelopment mixing with historic buildings on the south side of South A Street, at the district's north boundary, is mostly gas stations and other small businesses. At the east boundary of the district, between South Tenth and South Eleventh streets, dense and generally modest residential development continues eastward in a mixture of Victorian and Early 20th Century period styles. The face blocks on either side of South E Street form most of the district's southern boundary. Included along the district's edge are a mixture of gas stations with a park, a church, period small business premises, and modest historical residences, which resume on the south side of this local arterial. ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER AND PRESENT CONDITION Overview The Old Richmond Historic District maintains a strong residential character, visual cohesion, and historical feeling owing to consistent scale and materials, dense building on small lots, mature street trees, and green spaces (photographs 4, 13, 19, 23). As shown on the accompanying site map, the 200 -acre district is arranged on a roughly ten by five block area extending over several disjointed street grids. One -lane paved alleys run north -south between each street, and some blocks in the western half of the district have east -west alleys. Lot sizes vary in part because of the 55 historical plats within the district. Five hundred fifty -nine resources contribute to historical significance. Fifty -three resources are non - contributing. About one third of non - contributors date 'Nevin M. Fenneman, "The Richmond Group," Bulletin 19, Geological Survey of Ohio 4th Series (Columbus, Ohio, 1916); U. S. Bureau of the Census, Population, 2000. See accompanying USGS topographical map for the district's physical setting. NPS Form 10 -900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024 -0018 Section 7 Page 17 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana later than 1953 and two - thirds have lost their historical character through alteration.2 Most of the neighborhood consists of one- and two -story residences and small commercial or institutional buildings constructed 1819 to 1953. Most have outbuildings such as a garage or shed placed behind the main building. Buildings are placed at zero lot line or behind shallow setbacks. Most walls are of pink to red brick or white - painted clapboard siding, and roofs are gabled or hipped at pitches of 30 to 45 degrees. Some roofs are flat with parapets. The district can't readily be divided into stylistic sub -areas because of its long history, which includes continuous infill, mix and match stylistic compounds, and the later prevalence of catalog -type homes and historical - period remodelings. With a few exceptions, lack of investment in the neighborhood has apparently lasted for the last few decades; however, buildings are in good to fair condition with few apparent structural problems. Owners on 2nd, 3rd, and 4th streets have had greater success in rehabilitating their houses. Common non - historical remodeling touches are vinyl or aluminum siding, decorative iron porch posts replacing wood or brick, and enclosed or added porches and front decks. The interior of the district contains remarkably few recent buildings, but new business premises and a small amount of public redevelopment have chewed at the district's northwest and southeast corners (photos 10, 15). Salient Architectural Features The district is visually distinctive for some 80 buildings in simple Federal or Greek Revival styles or vernacular derivatives of these, for two pre -1900 parks, and for seven churches dating 1853 to 1926. The district also contains one small -scale factory building (1919) and a Tudor Revival former gas station (1926). Buildings are discussed under architectural styles below.' The long, narrow Tenth Street Park runs north of South C Street and crosses South B Street near the district's northeast boundary (c. 1890; photographs 4, 5, 7). The park, said to be a former military drill field, is a strong design element because of its shape and placement, its careful planting, and its historical path material. It is integral to the surrounding street grid platted in 1853, and several facing houses date c. 1860. The park contains a grove of needled evergreens, possibly falsecypress (Chamaecyparis species), augmented by maples (Ater saccharum or A. 2The following evaluation is based on a survey by Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana (2000- 2001). The survey includes main buildings on each parcel but not outbuildings. Survey data and photographs are archived in the Division of Histor c Preservation and Archaeology, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Indianapolis. Survey data (including some dates) were amended from field and map information collected by Eliza Steelwater in 2002. s In addition to photographs that accompany this form, photographs of examples within the Old Richmond district can be found in Suzanne Fischer and Jennifer Sandy, Wayne County Interim Report (privately printed by Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana, Indianapolis, 2001), 69 -80. NPS Form 10.900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024 -0018 Section 7 Page 18 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana saccharinum). Major plantings may date from the 1950s, while flowering fruit trees, shrubs, and seasonal materials are newer. The park is divided lengthwise by a path of glazed, hand - pressed brick (c. 1890 -1910) ending in Y- shaped sections around triangular planting beds containing yew hedges (Taxus species) and other plant material. Swicker Park, north of South E Street and west of South Seventh, is the site of an early town cemetery, later incorporated into the street grid (1899). The park has a central gazebo and diagonal paved paths of recent construction. It is planted similarly to the Tenth Street Park with lawn, mature shade trees, and minor decorative materials. However, in contrast to narrow Tenth Street Park, Swicker's dense planting on a square plot obscures sight lines from surrounding sidewalks and buildings in a way that can make the solitary visitor hesitate to enter. The six district's churches are discussed below as examples of architectural styles of the district. All but one have a degree of Gothic detail, illustrating the grip of this style on church architecture over an 80 year period. A seventh church, Bethel A. M. E. (1892 remodeling and additions to 1853 core; 200 South 6th Street), is not counted because it was listed individually on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The cruciform red -brick building, with a blocky side steeple and simple limestone foundation and trim, has mostly Romanesque style references. A triple window with large center bay, three round - headed arches, and stained -glass lights takes up most of the east wall (formerly the entry) opposite the altar end. The interior is significant for its exposed cross - trusses and original ash and oak flooring. About 80 contributing buildings in Federal, Greek Revival, and related vernacular derivatives are located throughout the district. (See photos 7 [right], 12 [end of vista], 13, 14; buildings with porches added during the historical period aren't counted.) These buildings in rose brick with little trim are dated 1819 to about 1860. Their narrow profiles, close -cut, boxed eaves with plain cornices, flat facades, and regularly spaced windows and doors create a "Quaker Village" streetscape different from that of the city's other historic districts. Twenty -one of the buildings, dated to about 1840, are located in the western half of the district, scattered north to south on South 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 6th streets. Styled examples are discussed below. ARCHITECTURAL STYLES OF THE OLD RICHMOND HISTORICAL DISTRICT4 Except for a few early double houses and grander single residences, buildings up to the 1860s were mostly all- purpose structures of one to several rooms that could be lived in by a single 4The following discussion draws on John J. -G. Blumenson, Identifying American Architecture (New York: Norton. 1981); Virginia McAlester and Lee McAlester, A Field Guide to American Houses (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992); and Fischer and Sandy, Wayne County Interim Report. NPS Form 10.900a (8 -bob) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024.0018 Section 7 Page 19 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana household, divided informally, and/or used as a shop. Gable- fronted and I -house building forms were prevalent. Vernacular versions of Federal and Greek Revival styles remained popular, with Italian Villa details appearing around 1860. Of the district's 60 or more residential and commercial examples inspired by Italian Villa and Italianate styles, a few are notable (c. 1860- 1885; those with porches added during the historical period aren't counted). About a dozen Queen Anne houses and one commercial building (1870s- 1890s) are large and well detailed in the Eastlake or Free Classic manner. The most distinctive 20th century buildings are Revival examples including a few Late Gothic and one each of Classical Revival, Italian Renaissance, Colonial (Dutch) Revival, and Mission Revival. Others are chiefly American foursquares and a few bungalows. Residential fabric added during and after the 1870s reflects not only later homesteading but also the work of numerous small investors who built and/or renovated a few houses at a time. Such builders were conscious of architectural fashion as part of their products' sales appeal. This awareness is reflected not only in new construction but also in remodeling of earlier gable -front and I -house examples with porches influenced by Free Classic or bungalow design. The eclecticism of later builders, especially in updating double houses, can be seen at 201 South 7th (1880; photo 23, right) and 201 South 10th (photo 6). The latter brick - and - clapboard building is said to date from 1860 and is a purpose -built double facing the Tenth Street Park, but it has elaborate later alterations including a Tudor - influenced roof gable and two separate entry porches with unlike rooflines. High -style examples are scarce in the district, and "styled" examples form a continuum with traditional forms in each style period. For these reasons, architecture of the district is discussed by subheads according to time period, with the styled/vernacular distinction secondary.5 1820 -1885: Federal Style, Greek Revival, and Italian Villa / Italianate In spite of their disparities, these styles are connected by a tendency to be two- storied and narrow in profile with regularly spaced window and door openings of equal size filling the main elevation. In the Old Richmond district, the I -house (two stories, one room deep, long wall facing side or front) is the commonest form found in all three styles. Front - facing gable houses are also found, with L or T plans. Styled examples of the Italian Villa variant having a center gable aren't found in the district, but related vernacular examples are present. The Federal style (c. 1790 -1840) comprises buildings of Georgian or Adam design constructed 5 A record of some Old Richmond buildings' historical appearance circa 1890 -1906 is in Dalby's Souvenir Pictorial History (1896) and Dalby's Centennial Pictorial History (1906; both Richmond IN: Nicholson Printing Co.). NPS Form 10-900a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024 -0018 Section 7 Page 20 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana after United States independence. Buildings of Federal style are usually built of brick, rectangular in plan and compactly massed. Roofs, pitched from about 30 to 45 degrees, may be of nearly any type. A double -pile cottage at 227 South 2nd (1838) is a well detailed late Federal example in spite of its newer, uncovered entry porch with double, curving side stairs and simple iron railing. The brick house, with two interior chimneys and a hipped roof, was constructed as a double house. The main facade is symmetrical with four openings - -two narrow, paneled entry doors between two 1/1 windows - -each having an Adam - influenced round top with fanlight. Simpler examples of the Greek Revival style (c.1830 -1860) resemble Federal buildings in their narrow shape, regularly arranged flat facade, and sparse Classical ornament. The modest Greek Revival examples in the Old Richmond district can be distinguished from their Federal predecessors mainly in subtle differences of proportion, such as Greek Revival's typical elongated window panes and wide frieze below the roof cornice. A noteworthy Greek Revival detached townhouse (1838) in brick at 119 South 3rd has six regularly spaced openings on the main facade, including five 6/6 double hung windows with soldier arches and a pedimented wood -built entry door having inner and outer attached column pairs - -one round, one square in section -- divided by sidelights. Many vernacular buildings as late as 1870 in the Old Richmond district retain the rose -brick construction and regular, flat facades of the Federal era. An outstanding example is the undated, highly visible I -house at the corner of South E and 500 South 5th (not included in survey; photos 12, 13), with evenly spaced windows and entry door, all of equal size, on the long facade. Windows are 6/6 with elegantly proportioned panes and simple limestone sills and headers. Other vernacular forms of Federal style and date are one - storied. The double -pen is two joined rooms or "pens," each having its own door (such as 404 South B; c. 1850). The hall- and - parlor is two joined rooms with a single entry door into the hall, or larger of the two rooms (420 South 4th; c. I850). The hall - and - parlor door may be off - center or centered. The roof in both forms is usually side gabled and may extend as a shed over a rear addition. Italian Villa / Italianate. This style of about 1840 -1885 is sometimes divided into phases as Italian Villa, to the 1860s, and Italianate, about 1870 -1885. These Renaissance inspired designs are based on a mixture of rural and townhouse details. They are typically two- storied or higher, often detailed with hip roof or center -gable roof, deep, boxed eaves supported by decorative brackets, and conspicuous window surrounds. Porches, bay windows, and irregular massing are common. Italian Villa examples are at 228 South 6th (next to the St. Andrew's church office mentioned below), 209 and 217 South 7th (all c. 1860). Several vernacular houses in the district, I houses with a center gable (such as 409 South 8th, c. 1860), suggest the center -gable variant of NPS Form 10 -900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024.0018 Section 7 Page 21 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana the Italian Villa,6 but lack detail. Italianate continuity into the Queen Anne style. Two Italianate examples in the district illustrate movement in the style between its early and late dates. A two -story, painted brick commercial building at 134 South 8th (c. 1860; photo 19), large in scale, has a hip roof with heavy, bracketed cornices. The building is rectangular in plan with a half - octagon side wing, and the 1/1 double hung windows are topped with flat - arched limestone hoods. A small covered entry on the main facade is a non- historical addition. Another example, not included in the survey but placed inside the district boundary in this amendment, is at 500 South 10th (photo 9) on the southeast corner of the district. This two -story painted brick stands in an 1884 plat and may have been accompanied by similar houses nearby in an area that has become commercial. (Also see a similarly massed house, built 1876 with differently styled entry, at 154 North 12th Street in the Starr National Register district.) The house at 500 South 10th has a bracketed cornice, half - octagon wing, and flat- hooded 1/1 windows like the example at 134 South 8th (above), but it appears some 20 -30 years later in date. Some details of 500 South 10th (and other Italianate buildings in the district) suggest a Queen Anne/Free Classic influence: the entry door at the north end of the main facade sits in a slightly recessed plane and has an atypical fanlight window topped with a brick vault course and header course, and the window above the entry is paired with 3/3 vertical -paned lights. Also see the church's admirable administration building (c. 1880) at 240 South 6th, which has Italianate roof brackets, many irregular gables and dormers, and the scale of a public building. 1870 -1900: Queen Anne The Queen Anne style was developed by English architect Richard Norman Shaw and colleagues from medieval English models. Queen Anne is recognizable by its steep roof of complex shape and its avoidance of flat wall surfaces through decorative textures and irregular projections such as porches, bays, overhangs, and towers. Queen Anne design has several variants, differing in surface treatment and trim style, that some architectural historians discuss as separate styles. The uncommon half- timbered and patterned masonry Queen Anne buildings aren't found in the Old Richmond district. The more common spindlework or Eastlake and Free Classic are represented by 10 -15 good examples in the district and appear to have influenced many more vernacular buildings that minimally embody irregular massing, novelty windows, corner porches and other Queen Anne trademarks. These houses, like the Italianate example at 500 South 10th described above, sketch a transition from Italianate to Queen Anne. Also see photograph 20 for two houses c. 1900, in the 400 block of South 6th, that are vernacular Italianate -Queen Anne designs or have lost detail through alteration. 6 See McAlester and McAlester, American Houses, 220 for styled examples. NPS Form 10-900a (8.86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024-0018 Section 7 Page 22 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana Queen Anne / Eastlake: Applied to both Stick and Queen Anne styles, Eastlake architectural details take their name from elements of the furniture design of Englishman Charles Locke Eastlake (1833 - 1906). Eastlake's book, Hints on Household Taste in Furniture, Upholstery and Other Details (1872), is credited as a main inspiration of the Arts and Crafts movement (1890 -1920 in the United States). Eastlake's designs when applied to building exteriors could produce a patterned, three - dimensional facade built up of alternating plain and detailed surface areas. A rose -brick Eastlake house at 228 South 4th (c. 1880; photo 22) is pleasing for its asymmetrically balanced facade, its tidy proportions, and its setting within a small lawn and trees bordered by a period cast -iron fence and gate. In plan, the two- and -a- half -story house consists of a hip- roofed, roughly rectangular mass. The main roof has a small hipped dormer with double window. A projecting entry wing faces east under a pedimented gable, which is echoed by a side - facing gable on the north. The small, two story entry porch is placed near the center of the facade as a whole, balancing two banks of unlike rectangular windows -- double above, triple below on one side, and larger single windows on the other side. Upper -story window sash is double -hung with divided lights -- below, a single pane, above a central pane bordered by small, colored panes. The main -floor 1/1 triple window has transoms above in colored glass. The second -floor porch opening has a rounded arch that is echoed in the half -moon window under the front gable. Limestone belt courses with minimal carving unify the complex of windows and relate both to the exposed limestone foundation and to the broad wooden cornice with scalloped trim that crosses the main facade and the projecting entry wing. Among a variety of other Eastlake- influenced Queen Anne examples, grouped in the western half of the district, are 234 South 4th (c. 1880), 201 South 3rd (c. 1890), and 208 South B (1886; photograph 16), with square corner tower and bow - fronted, chimneyed side wing. The Queen Anne Henry Cutter Building, 401 South 4th (1893), a commercial expression of similar design ideas, is a boxy, brick building housing a store below and dwelling space above. The main facade and corner entry are elaborated with a parapeted front gable, large round - arched window, and octagonal corner tower. The tower and corner - wrapping storefront are cast iron, and all windows on both floors have a third light or transom (boarded up on north side windows). The north roof slope shows two symmetrically placed chimney towers flanking two small, hipped dormers. The Cutter building was built against a contiguous, plain- faced, Federal - period building on the south at 403 South 4th. Queen Anne / Free Classic: After 1890, designers increasingly applied Neoclassical elements to buildings massed in Queen Anne style. Pedimented front - facing gables and porch entries were common, as were smooth columns with classically inspired capitals. Where only a few classical details are applied, Free Classic can appear similar to early Colonial Revival. The brick house at 224 South 7th (c. 1 890), with limestone porch and raised foundation, demonstrates typical proportions and a full range of Free Classic elaborations. These include a NPS Form 10 -900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024-0018 Section 7 Page 23 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana porch as described above, a round corner tower with upside- down - ice - cream -cone roof, and a front - facing gable having a Palladian window above the second story. The center front and center side have shallow two -story window bays. The hipped main roof, glimpsed between front gable and tower, has two end chimneys and a centered half- octagon dormer. Another, simpler Free Classic house is at 126 South 10th (c. 1890). Many porch additions in the district, such as the corner - wrapping porch of the Patterson Funeral Home (photo 18), an 1860 front -gable former residence at 110 South 8th Street, have classically inspired columns, are topped by a pediment, or show other Free Classic touches. 1900 -1926: 20th Century Revivals With the spread of architectural training after the 1870s followed by the Columbian Exposition of 1893, somewhat academic copies of period styles became popular, then dominated design until the 1930s or later. Any one designer was expected to turn out a wide range of period styles evoking the past chiefly through details applied-to a plan and elevation adapted to twentieth - century uses at a variety of scales. The Old Richmond district has a few styled Revival examples, including a gas station, two houses, and six churches. Tudor Revival. Tudor Revival, the only rival in popularity to Colonial Revival from about 1890 to 1940, features a steep roof and cross -gable entry. Other features are prominent chimneys, round - topped doors, and bay and other novelty windows. Old Richmond's Tudor example, the Pat James State Farm Insurance agency at 901 South A Street (c. 1926; photos 1,2; former gas station west of the church described above), is one of the best single buildings in the district, well maintained and near original in integrity. Fine details include a steep roof of blue - glazed, machine - formed flat tiles, laid in horizontal courses, and copper door and window awnings, gutters, and downspouts. It is a small, one -story, two - spaced office building of dollhouse proportions, composed of two pairs of intersecting wings butted together to form one unit under several gable roofs. Both entries face 10th Street and consist of a half -round brick entry step with decorative iron rails. The round - topped oak door batten is cross -buck with a large oval light above and is sheltered under a hipped copper overhang supported on two curlicued iron brackets. Each door is flanked by small round - topped windows and has an adjacent bay display window. One entry is under a steep gable end with a single flared eave; the other entry is under a side gable whose end faces South B Street across a small parking lot. Other regularly placed windows are 6/6 with battened plank shutters. Siding is wide weatherboard painted white, and the exposed low foundation is faced with a course of vertically laid red brick. The Tudor effect is carried out by topiary junipers (Juniperus species) and low- trimmed yew hedges (Taxus species) hugging the foundation. Colonial Revival. The Colonial Revival style, from about 1880 to as late as 1955, was usually NPS Form 10 -900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024.0018 Section 7 Page 24 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana based on Georgian or Adam models, but the term Colonial Revival or Dutch Colonial is also applied to gambrel- roofed buildings with porches and details from period styles. Front facing gables are less common in Colonial Revival buildings than are side gables and hipped roofs, often with dormers. The only credible example found in the Old Richmond district is at 233 South 6th (c.1920; photo 24), a purpose built double. The one - and - one -half story house, finished in stucco, has a symmetrical main facade with twin entry porches having square columns, a solid porch rail, and separate flat roofs. Above the porches, the main, side -gable gambrel roof has a front facing shed dormer finished in wide weatherboard siding. Consistent window details suggest this feature is original. Other Colonial Revival details include cornice returns, 6/1 sash, and paired interior end chimneys. The house is set closely between two 1920s foursquares, all three on raised plots. Mission Revival. Architectural references to the Spanish - Mexican missions of the southwest were popular from about 1890 to 1920, when they began to be superseded by a more wide - ranging Spanish- inspired design vocabulary introduced at the Panama - California Exposition of 1915. Drastically simplified Mission details were used nationwide to dress contractor -built cottages and apartment buildings, such as the district's one remaining Mission example (c. 1910; photo 25; 609 South C). It is a purpose built, stucco- finished double with roof -line parapet and two -story center porch. The porch has twin French entry doors with double, ten -light battens on the ground floor. A single, off - center French door onto the solid -rail balcony above may have been one of a pair. The small, shed porch roof is surfaced in machine - formed terra -cotta tile and supported on overscaled, Craftsman -style knee braces, as is the balcony above the entry doors. The entry is flanked by paired 4/4 windows that originally had transoms or were taller; now filled in above. The raised, double entry porch floor, whose front wall was pargeted at a later date, has one stair with a curved cheek wall that may be original. Classical Revival. In the Old Richmond district, the carefully constructed First Christian Church main building, at 100 South 10th (north building; 1926; now United Church of Christ; photos 1, 3), is the single example. Classical Revival buildings like this church commonly have compact massing with dominant building height porches supported by quasi -Ionic or - Corinthian columns. However, this limestone- trimmed church substitutes mixed yellow and terra -cotta brick for the more conventional stone or red brick. The church, at South A and 10th streets at the northeast district edge, serves as a visual reference point because of its very tall, lavishly detailed, limestone and brick steeple. The church was built some 20 years after any other church in the district and is the only one not in Romanesque or Gothic style. It consists of a main cruciform building containing the sanctuary, and an Italian Renaissance office or school building now joined to the main building by a glass atrium. The main, flat - roofed building has two decorative facades. The formal entry faces A Street. It consists of a roughly three -story Classical Revival limestone porch with four full- height Ionic columns supporting a pedimented roof. The steeple NPS Form 10 -900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024 -0018 Section 7 Page 25 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana above rises in three diminishing stories - -a base and two stories with pilasters and three -light windows of modified Gothic form - -to a slender hexagonal roof. The crossing wing facing A Street has full- height rectangular pilasters and a parapet topped by decorative urns, which also embellish one story of the steeple. Italian Renaissance. Features of the Italian Renaissance style as exemplified in the Sunday school building of the First Christian Church (100 South 10th, south building; c. 1 930) include a symmetrical three -story facade with rusticated ground floor, a round - arched portico, and roof -line parapet. Walls are faced with a softer - colored mixed brick than the originally separate main church building. The 10th Street facade is handsome and restrained with two -story center entry under a round - arched limestone overhang supported on brick pilasters and two limestone Tuscan columns. Door battens are modern replacements under a round - topped transom with divided lights. Third -story window above the door is Palladian with 6/6 and 2/2 lights, and flanking window pairs are also 6/6. Late Gothic Revival. Designs inspired by masonry buildings of the late Middle Ages became popular as early as 1840 in the United States and persisted into the twentieth century in institutional examples, sometimes known as Collegiate Gothic or Church Gothic. Battlements, pinnacles, crockets, very narrow grouped windows, and flattened - arched entries and window crowns were distinctive features. Five churches and one school building in the neighborhood display some level of Gothic Revival influence. The Grace Methodist Christian Episcopal Church (c. 1860; 313 South 10th; photo 8) is a simple, vernacular building with an end -gable entry wing in front of a slightly taller main end - gable containing the sanctuary. The Gothic - influenced center entry door and two small, narrow windows, all with projecting wooden, pointed -arch hoods, contrast with the white - painted clapboard facade to form a suggestion of the holy well beyond the building's limited formal merits. Even the pointed -arch, period signboard is an important part of the effect. The pointed front windows contain leaded lights with green -toned milky glass. The single door opening has been partially framed in and the batten replaced. The building is in fair condition. The former St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church (said to be 1853; 335 South 7th) is a center - steeple basilica of vertical proportions. It is a rather engaging vernacular rendition with an asymmetric entry facade and minimal Gothic detail, made simpler because the brick has been painted white. The former Mt. Moriah Baptist Church(1886; remodeled 1916; 200 South 9th) is a vernacular design that qualifies as Gothic inspired because of its dominating squat, castellated corner towers at front and rear corners and its tall, narrow, pointed windows. However, the church's smooth NPS Form 10 -900a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024 -0018 Section 7 Page 26 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana stucco, low proportions, basilica shape, and end -gable roof with exposed eaves have a Spanish Eclectic feeling. St. John's Lutheran church (1907; 501 South 7th; photo 11) and St. Andrew's Roman Catholic Church (1900; 245 South 5th ) are both somewhat predictable brick Late Gothic examples with pointed -arch windows, stained glass, limestone trim, and extremely tall, multi- story steeples that can be seen from blocks away. The related brick Seton Catholic School (1912; 235 South 5th) is a two -story, side - gabled rectangle with parapeted cross gable entry. Detail consists of an overscaled arched entry door and grouped windows above with multiple panes and tracery; the remainder of the main facade is two symmetrical, flanking banks of five windows on each of two floors above a partially above - ground basement. 1900 -1935: Foursquares, Bungalows and the Vernacular Influence of Prairie and Craftsman Styles Both Prairie and Craftsman styled buildings were meant to express an embrace of nature and a reaction to pretentious period revivals. Elements of these styles filtered down to the Old Richmond district in two -story catalog houses and other eclectic designs for the middle class investor and consumer. Many of the district's 19th century houses of simple form were updated with porches that reflect Prairie Style's square, untapered masonry pillars, with integral masonry porch rails, more closely than the quasi - organic shapes and textured stone or brick finishes of Craftsman porch elements. The district also contains vernacular one -and- one -half story bungalows with characteristic roofs and porch elements abstracted from the Craftsman style. The Prairie style, developed by a group of Chicago architects including Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright, is often two - storied but features horizontal elements such as low - pitched hip roofs with deep, boxed overhangs, belt courses, and window bands. It is characterized by a rhythm of crisply squared corners on walls, porches, piers, and trim, to the exclusion of most oblique angles or curves. The Old Richmond district has no styled Prairie buildings, but numerous examples of Prairie's most common vernacular kin, the American foursquare. The foursquare features two stories massed as two -by -two (or more) rooms. Typically it is hip roofed with a hipped dormer lighting a half story above, and has a wide entry porch under separate roof with untapered rectangular columns. A good example is the red -brick corner house at 825 South A (c. 1920). Its roof has a hipped dormer with a four - window band centered on the roof slope above each of two entry porches directly below at first -floor level. The apparent main entry, with a full -width porch under hip roof, faces South 9th across from the Tudor gas station described above. A second entry porch on South A is similarly styled but smaller. Attached at the northwest corner of the house is a tiny one -car garage under its own hip roof. NoS Form 10 -900a (8%6) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024.0018 Section 7 Page 27 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana Also common in the district are foursquares with Free Classic porch columns, such as the example at 1001 South C (c. 1910; left of photo 7). Another is located adjacent to 825 South A above, at 813 South A (c. 1920), and another at 707 South B (c. 1910; left of photo 23). The Craftsman style is distinguished by low -to- the - ground proportions, a show of structural elements, and rustic finishes. Most examples were one or one- and -a -half stories with an expansive, one -story porch. The low- pitched, wide -eaved roof was supported or made to appear supported by exposed beam -ends, rafter tails, and knee braces. The only building in the Old Richmond district having Craftsman pretensions is the former firehouse at 831 South E Street (1905), two stories with a centered three -story square tower, cottage window pairs, and two truck entries on either side of the tower base. Alterations, such as the loss of the original, overhanging tower roof, have eroded the building's distinction without completely negating its contribution to the district. Vernacular bungalows in the district are mostly dormer front bungalows. The typical example at 114 South 4th (c.1915) is side gabled with large a triple- windowed shed dormer. The clapboard- finished wood -frame building has a full -width brick porch under front - facing gable. 1915 -1935 Vernacular Commercial, Industrial, and Public Buildings The 20th century, non- residential vernacular in the Old Richmond district includes buildings for several uses, all with similar scale, boxy footprints, and slight detail applied to the main facade. They are notable for historical associations. The Bartel Clothing Factory (200 South 8; 1919) is a brick, purpose -built factory building of three stories. It was built from the plans of Trowbridge and Ackerman, a New York firm. It has a roofline parapet with limestone band at roof height and another band above the first floor. The one -story, wood - built, center -front entry portico, which is stucco - finished and has no stylistic relation to the building, has a Georgian Revival or Classical Revival flavor - -a half - circle concrete pad with a circular roof above, supported by Tuscan columns and topped with an iron balcony rail. The entry door has its original wooden fanlight above replacement aluminum and glass battens. Regularly spaced window openings on all sides of the building are steel sash, now covered with concrete block. The building is in process of being renovated to historical appearance and adapted to use as affordable housing.' The St. John's Lutheran Church parish building (501 South 7th; c. 1920) is a rectangular 7 David G. Foust, Historic Preservation Certification Application, Part I, Bartel Building, March 11, 2002. NPS Form 10 -900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024-0018 Section 7 Page 28 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana brick building with roofline parapet on the front facade and simple center entry. Remaining original windows are casements with divided lights and 4 -light transom. The Salvation Army building at 100 South 4th (c. 1935) is a two -story brick building having a roofline parapet and corner entry. The parapet is tall over the entry and steps down to the wings, which form an L around the corner of South A and South 4th. NPS Form 10 -900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024 -0018 Section 8 Page 29 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana 8. Narrative Statement of Significance SUMMARY The Old Richmond Historic District Amendment updates the National Register District of 1973. The modified district, with a period of significance 1819 -1950, includes the original Richmond town site plus parts of later 19th century plats. The National Road ran through the district until 1837, then was moved one block north. The city as a whole enjoyed prosperity from this road and from industry that located just west of the district on the Whitewater River after the Civil War. In turn, Quakers and freedmen, then German immigrants and more African- Americans were attracted to the Old Richmond district. Remaining buildings and green spaces contributing to the district reflect the historic diversity of function appropriate to a town site -- including housing, shops, factories, churches, a church school, a fire station, a women's poorhouse and jail, and two parks created from a Civil War training ground and the town cemetery, respectively. Purpose -built double houses (1840 - 1920), an unusually high 20 percent of all houses in the district, serve into the present as investment and affordable housing. The district's period of historical significance closed after World War H, when larger -scale industry moved farther from town, newer housing became available, and African - Americans could begin to live and locate businesses in other parts of the city. The Old Richmond Historic District is significant under Criterion A in the areas of settlement, transportation, social history, and ethnic heritage (European and Black). The district is also significant under Criterion C in architecture as a cohesive townscape formed over some 131 years. Especially notable are a fine Tudor Revival former gas station (1926), the district's historic churches, and its 80 -odd buildings in simple Federal, Greek Revival, and related vernacular designs. These buildings, located throughout most of the district, retain a Federal era atmosphere not duplicated in Richmond's other historic districts. Church buildings (1853 -1926) contribute to the district's cultural heritage, and Bethel A. M. E. (1892), is individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the Historic American Buildings Survey. Five of the other six churches, having Gothic - influenced designs, are associated with immigrant German and African - American congregations. The sixth church is a Classical Revival building (1926) with Italian Renaissance education building (c. 1930) reflecting the assimilation and prosperity of German - Americans who had moved to other neighborhoods. The church's location next to the former gas station is a visual reminder that the automobile made greater distances possible among home, work, and worship. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, PREHISTORY TO 1808 The Old Richmond Historic District occupies the early European settlement area, originally known NPS Form 10 -900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024-0018 Section 8 Page 30 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana as Smithton, east of the Whitewater River at a former natural ford. Richmond is built over the Whitewater Formation, consisting of limestone, shale, and fossils - -a rarely exposed sedimentary deposit built up approximately 435 million years ago. After the last ice age, eighteen to twenty thousand years ago, the pressure of melting glacial waters on this sediment carved the Whitewater gorge, which was then partially refilled with silt, gravel, and clay over the centuries. The well - watered land was densely forested with mixed hardwoods and conifers and was settled by Eastern Woodland Societies from around 7000 B.C. to 700 A.D. Modern Indians are also thought to have hunted and fished along the Whitewater. In 1808, North Carolina Quakers of English stock and African - American freedmen established the village of Smithton. John Smith's original town plat of 1816 occupies part of the Old Richmond Historic District. Settlers soon prospered from the westward stream of European - Americans funneled along the National Road where it ran north -south along present -day South 4th Street before turning west to cross the Whitewater River.' DEVELOPMENT OF THE OLD RICHMOND HISTORIC DISTRICT Plat History Figure 8 -1 at the end of this section shows the number of plats in the Old Richmond Historic District for the decades beginning 1811 -1820 and ending 1901 -1910. In all, 55 plats were filed. Most investors in the Old Richmond district were small speculators, first English- American Quakers, then German - Americans. Further research may identify others. The changing frequency of plats filed corresponds to boom periods in the development of Richmond generally, and the district in particular, until the area became platted to and beyond its present boundaries. (The district contains some unplatted land, including the former town cemetery, that was formally added to the city in lot -sized parcels as part of the "Official Map" created during the 1890s.) Plats filed from about 1840 on occupied less than a block each. They contributed to the "weave of small patterns"- - varying lot sizes and building styles within a compact area -- identified by Sam Bass Warner, Jr., in writing about suburban Boston.2 John Smith, who filed the original town plat, lived in a house (replaced 1886) at the present 208 South B Street. The town became incorporated as Richmond in 1837, around the time that a new 'Nevin M. Fenneman, "The Richmond Group," Bulletin 19, Geological Survey of Ohio 4th Series (Columbus, Ohio, 1916); Whitewater Gorge Park at httn:// www. wavnet.or¢/nonnrofit/Qorge.htm.; Thomas J. Reid, Nomination of the Old Richmond Historic District to the National Register of Historic Places, 1973. 2Warner, Streetcar Suburbs (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1978.) Plat history based on research and mapping by Gunty Adkins, Office of the Wayne County Surveyor, Richmond. Historical subdivision maps, 1816 -1909, are archived in the Wayne County Recorder's Office, Richmond. Alps Form 10.900a (8.86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024 -0018 Section 8 Page 31 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana bridge was built to carry National Road migrants across the Whitewater River. The first peak of plat filings in the Old Richmond district - -10 in all -- occurred during this decade of prosperity 1831 -1840. Trade and industrial growth in the decade before the Civil War, 1851 -1860, created a second peak of plat filings - -20 in all. By 1860, more than half of all plats within the district boundaries had been filed. The years 1861 -1909 saw the filing of 16 more plats. Construction of buildings continued throughout the historic period as infill and is still being carried on. The dates of historical themes below are dates associated with buildings that contribute to the Old Richmond district today. Land Use and Settlement Groups: Historical Significance of Contributing Buildings A striking settlement feature of the Old Richmond district is its churches. As shown on Sanborn maps from 1886 to 1940, all three major ethnic groups who lived in the neighborhood -- Quaker English/Irish, German, and African - American - -built churches of various denominations, even as the denominations themselves split and reformed under new names. The last church (1926) appears to have been built by a congregation whose members no longer lived in the district, and many congregants of the other churches probably live elsewhere now as well. Each ethnic group is also associated with houses, businesses, and schools of the period of significance, 1819 - 1950.3 Some of these resources were shared over time. An example of housing used successively by different groups is the Greek Revival cottage (1 855) at 405 South E Street. Built by a Quaker of English extraction, Aaron Turner, the house was owned and occupied by the German- American Raukopf household in 1886, and in 1930 by African - American Melvin Ramey, who was a toolworker at National Automatic Tool. Original Settlement: National Migration and the Slavery Question 1819 -1869 The first arriving Quakers in Richmond had relatively little education and money, and not much is known about the first freedmen who arrived with them. The settlement soon prospered by supplying provisions and equipment to migrants along the National Road. During the 1840s and 1850s, Indiana Quakers split temporarily over the slavery question. The Whitewater Valley was a center of the Free Labor movement, in which certain Quaker -run stores sold no products made by slaves, but research is still in progress to establish what activities of Free Labor and the Underground Railroad were actually carried out in the town of Richmond.4 It is probable that any such activities were 3Dalby's Souvenir Pictorial History (1896) and Dalby's Centennial Pictorial History (1906; both Richmond IN: Nicholson) for Richmond history to the books' dates of publication; also Sanborn Fire Insurance maps 1886 -1950 and Richmond city directories, various years. 4 Jeannie Regan - Dinius, Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Indianapolis, personal communication, May 12, 2003. NPS Form 10.900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024.0018 Section 8 Page 32 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana related to the African Methodist Episcopal Church, established in Richmond around 1836 by Quaker - educated William Paul Quinn (c. 1785 -1873) of Philadelphia. The Richmond A. M. E. congregation was instrumental in educating freedmen as well as providing a community spiritual and social center. The first Bethel A.M.E. church building was constructed in 1857 and forms the nucleus of the present building (200 South 6th, 1892; NR and HABS listed).5 When the National Road moved north of the neighborhood in 1837, Richmond's main business district developed toward Main. The Old Richmond district gradually became less fashionable for Quaker "gentry" and began to house German immigrants and African - Americans. Most of the district's earliest houses and shops were built on and near South 4th Street, then part of the National Road, and South 5th Street, which also contained businesses. Twenty -one contributing buildings in the western or original half of the district date 1819 -1840, but additional Federal, Greek Revival, and antebellum vernacular buildings were built through most of the district by the 1850s. The oldest surviving building in the Old Richmond District is a hall -and- parlor residence with Federal style details (230 South 3rd, 1819). Another of the city's founders, Jeremiah Cox, lived in the Federal style house at 130 South 4th (1827). The gable- fronted, two -story vernacular house at 320 South 4th (c. 1845 - 1850), once a factory, may be associated with the Free Labor movement. As another reminder of Quaker influence, the Old Richmond district accommodated a "Home for Abandoned Women," or poorhouse, at 306 South 10th Street (1869). The Federal style building has had a full -width bungalow porch added in front, and a women's jail building (1883) at the rear. This building is said to be under renovation as a homeless shelter. Richmond's Prosperity and the Influence of German Immigration 1853 -1926 First trade, then industry attracted German settlers to Richmond. The eastern boundary of the city's settlement was still within the Old Richmond district in the 1840s, then expanded eastward in the 1850s and 1860s. The first of several persons with a German name who filed plats in the Old Richmond district was one C. Schwegman, on February 19, 1849. German immigrants prospered as merchants and builders, and the district became a center of German- American life where fine homes, businesses, churches, and schools continued to be built as late as World War I. Owners of Richmond's early industries, such as the Starr Piano Company and Gaar, Scott farm implements, 5 The district's houses of Quinn and of Quaker financier Elijah Coffin, appear altered or rebuilt. See Thomas J. Reid, Nomination of the Old Richmond Historic District to the National Register of Historic Places. For history, see Sheryl Vanderstel, Quakers in Indiana in the Nineteenth Century, and The African Methodist Episcopal ... and the Christian Methodist Episcopal Churches in Indiana, at the website of the Conner Prairie History Museum: http:// www. connemrairie. org /historvonline /1880quak.html, and http:// www. connemrairie. org fhistorvonline /methepis.html. Also see Atlas of the City of Richmond, 1874, for buildings existing at this date. NFL Form 10 -900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024.0018 Section 8 Page 33 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana were mostly of Quaker descent.6 However, some second generation German- Americans went into manufacturing at a later date. An example is the former Adam H. Bartel Clothing Factory (1919), the only purpose - built, modern factory building in the district; now being remodeled for reuse), at 200 South 8th Street. Bartel was a Richmond native of German extraction who went from selling general merchandise to manufacturing work clothes. The Bartel factory attests to the continuing manufacturing role of Richmond, but the Old Richmond district was more a residential and business center than a factory site. Post - Civil -War and early 20th century plants in walking distance of the Old Richmond district employed immigrant artisans, including Germans, who settled in the district. Some of the prosperous merchants who built houses and businesses in the district appear to have been of German extraction. Several finer homes of the 1870s and 1880s, mostly Queen Anne/Eastlake in style, are grouped in the 200 block of South 3rd and South 4th streets. Another example, of unknown ownership history, is at 208 South B Street (1886), which occupies the former homesite of town founder John Smith. Prolific local architect John A. Hasecoster (fl. 1870s- 1900s) is known to have built both the Queen Anne Henry Cutter commercial building at 401 South 4th (1893) and the Craftsman fire station at 831 South E Street (1905). From an early date, the district had German- speaking Lutheran (late 1840s) and Roman Catholic (1859) congregations. The former St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church at 335 South 7th (1853; not in use today) may have been built by members of the small but influential Swedenborgian sect of the antebellum era, not particularly associated with Germans. At an unknown later date, the church building became an outreach chapel associated with the congregation of St. John's Lutheran, now at 501 South 7th in a Gothic Revival building of 1907. Either St. John's or St. Paul's maintained a secondary school, which may at one time have been in the c. 1920 parish building south of the present St. John's church; but houses occupied these sites until about 1900. The present building of St. Andrew's Catholic Church at 245 South 5th dates from 1900, replacing an earlier building. St. Andrew's had a school across the street south of South C until the church's new Seton School was built in 1912 north of the church (235 South 5th). The handsome Catholic administrative offices are east of the church at 240 South 6th (c. 1880) and may formerly have been the priests' residence. The former Christian Church, now United Church of Christ, whose members built the First Church of Christ church (1926) and Sunday school (c. 1930), at 100 South A Street, was a sect formed from the union of several 18th and early 19th century sects including the German Evangelical Church. Before the present buildings were built, the 1909 6The Gaars were a Bavarian family who came to America in the 1700s, settling in Wayne County in 1807. Sec Biographical History of Fayette, Franklin, Union, and Wayne Counties (originally published 1899), online at the Lewis Publishing Company site, htto:// www. countyhistory .com/doc.fayet/001.htm. NPS Form 10 -900a (8.86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024 -0018 Section 8 Page 34 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana Sanborn map shows that the site was occupied by the large First English Lutheran Church and parsonage. Given this background, the First Church of Christ may have attracted assimilated German Protestants who had roots in the neighborhood. African - American Heritage 1860 -1950 The Sanborn map of 1886 describes a group of dwellings on South A Street between South 6th and South 7th as "Negro tenements and shanties," attesting to African - Americans' ongoing difficulty in obtaining decent work and housing in spite of Quaker benevolence. The African - American history of Richmond remains scantily researched, but it appears that the Old Richmond district, especially South 7th, 8th, and 9th streets, remained the city's African - American settlement center from the 1810s until World War 11. By about 1950, African - Americans were able to obtain a somewhat wider variety of jobs and could purchase and rent homes in at least some other parts of the city. The district has significant African - American churches and businesses ranging in approximate date from 1860 to 1930. Segregated housing kept African- Americans living and operating businesses in the neighborhood. For example, during the 1930s the Martha and Allen Irvin family owned the two -story Free Classic house (c. 1880) at 204 South 7th. Herbert C. Garrett, a mail carrier, was a trustee of Bethel A. M. E. church who rented the house at 431 South 10th Street. Jay and Juanita V. Jones, who lived at 404 South 9th (c. 1860) in 1951, were the parents of percussionist Harold Jones, associated with the Paul Winters Sextet during the 1960s. The Patterson family still operates a funeral home at 110 South 8th Street (photo 18), a gable -front former residence c. 1860 with later -added corner -wrap porch of Free Classic inspiration. At 611 South A Street on the district's north edge is the former Specialty Record Shop. From 1947 to 1955, the shop was housed here in the small residence of Elizabeth Rile Kelley and her husband Harold Kelley (1930 or earlier; photo 17). Their partner was Henry Bass, who lived in a small, two -story gable -front house at 229 South 10th (c. 1880). By the 1950s, however, most prosperous African- American professionals and business owners had moved their residence to neighborhoods east and south of the Old Richmond district.' During the early 20th century, African - Americans went to primary school at the Finley School or First Ward School, 220 South 5th (1869; replaced 1909; now demolished). The school also had periods of integrated attendance. It was replaced by the current vernacular modern school building (noncontributing; 1953), which is now the Richmond Adult Basic Education Center. 'Reference staff, Morrisson- Reeves Public Library, Black Contributions to Richmond History, unpublished ms. dated 1971. The 1930 issue of the Trident, yearbook of integrated Morton High School, furnished photographs of African - American students. In some cases, their addresses could be found in city directories of following years as late as the 1950s. Spellings of family names may vary. NPR' Form 10 -900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024 -0018 Section 8 Page 35 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana The Old Richmond district housed most of the city's African - American churches beginning with establishment of Bethel A. M. E.'s congregation in 1836. The Bethel congregation, whose present 1892 building is listed on the National Register and HABS survey, is associated with the founding period of Richmond discussed above. A somewhat later arriving African- American congregation was the Wesleyan Methodists, who occupied the 1860 building at 313 South 10th (photo 8). It isn't known whether this group was the building's first congregation. However, the Wesleyan Methodists were a kindred or forerunner sect to the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church that began in Southern states in 1870. The C. M. E. Church, which kept close ties with the white M. E. church, was distinct from the A. M. E. "Colored Methodist Episcopal" was changed to "Christian Methodist Episcopal"- - the name of the current congregation at 313 South 10th - -in 1954. Around 1886, an African - American Baptist congregation built Mt. Moriah church at 200 South 9th. According to a plaque on the building, the church was remodeled to its present appearance with castellated towers in 1916. The building is now unoccupied. African- American worship in evangelical Protestant sects such as the Baptists dates to the 1730s, with separate churches from 1786, but the Richmond congregation's origins haven't been researched.8 The presence of these three churches suggests that African - Americans, like German - Americans, came to the Old Richmond district over a long period of time and from different points of origin. 8 For early Baptist history, see Library of Congress, Religion and the Founding of the American Republic, online at httn: / /lcweb-loc.gov /exhibits /religion /rel07.html. and Internet Public Library, Slavery and Religion in America„ at http: / /www.ipl.org/div /timeline/. NPS Forth 10 -900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024.0018 Section 8 Page 36 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana 20 1 5 1 0 0 Fig. 8 -1. Platting of land in the Old Richmond Historic District by decade. NPS Form 10 -900a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024 -0018 Section 9 Page 37 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana 9. Major bibliographic references PUBLICATIONS, REPORTS, AND WEBSITES Biographical History of Fayette, Franklin, Union, and Wayne Counties (originally published 1899), online at the Lewis Publishing Company site, http:// www. countyhistory.com/doc.fayet/001.htm. John J. -G. Blumenson, Identifying American Architecture. New York: Norton, 1981. City directories, Richmond, Indiana, various years. Dalby's Souvenir Pictorial History (1896) and Dalby's Centennial Pictorial History (1906; both Richmond IN: Nicholson) Nevin M. Fenneman, "The Richmond Group," Bulletin 19, Geological Survey of Ohio, 4th Series. Columbus, Ohio, 1916. Indiana Historic Sites and Structures Inventory, Wayne County Interim Report. Indianapolis: Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana, 2001. David G. Foust, Historic Preservation Certification Application, Part I, Bartel Building, March 11, 2002. Internet Public Library, Slavery and Religion in America„ at http: / /www.ipl.org/div /timeline /. Library of Congress, Religion and the Founding of the American Republic, online at http: //lcweb.loc.gov /exhibits /religion/re107.html. Virginia McAlester and Lee McAlester, A Field Guide to American Houses. N.Y.: Knopf, 1992. Reference staff, Morrisson- Reeves Public Library, Black Contributions to Richmond History, unpublished ms. dated 1971. Thomas J. Reid, Nomination of the Old Richmond Historic District to the National Register of Historic Places, 1973. The Trident, yearbook of Morton High School, various years 1915 -1951. Sheryl Vanderstel, Quakers in Indiana in the Nineteenth Century, and The African Methodist NPS Form 10 -900a (8.86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No. 1024 -0018 Section 9 Page 38 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana Episcopal ... and the Christian Methodist Episcopal Churches in Indiana, at the website of the Conner Prairie History Museum: http:// www. connerprairie. org /historyonline /1880quak.html, and http://www.connerprairie.org/historyonline/methepis.html. Sam Bass Warner, Jr., Streetcar Suburbs, 2nd Ed. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1978. Whitewater Gorge Park at http: // www .waynet.org /nonprofit/gorge.htm MAPS AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY Atlas of the City of Richmond, 1874. Historical subdivision maps, 1816 -1909, in the collection of the Wayne County Recorder's Office and on County Surveyor's GIS database. Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps of the city of Richmond, various years. United States Geological Survey, topographic map of Richmond quadrangle, 7.5 minute series, photorevised 1981. NPS Form 10 -900a (8 -86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No 1024.0018 Section 10 Page 39 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana Verbal Boundary Description The boundary of the Old Richmond Historic District as amended is shown as a heavy dashed line on the accompanying site map submitted with this form. Boundary Justification The boundaries shown in the accompanying site map enclose roughly the same area delineated by the original nomination of the Old Richmond Historic District (1973). The present, updated boundaries are drawn chiefly along parcel property lines rather than along rights -of -way in order to include all resources that maintain historic integrity and are historically associated with the Old Richmond neighborhood. The present boundaries include several parcels south of South E Street, and they exclude several parcels along the former south, west, and north boundaries that have undergone redevelopment as commercial. The east boundary of the Old Richmond District is determined by the line demarcating the later - developed Richmond Southside survey area.' 'Mapped in Suzanne Fischer and Jennifer Sandy, Survey Coordinators, Wayne County Interim Report, Indiana Historic Sites and Structures Inventory (privately printed by Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana, Indianapolis, 2001), 105. NPS Form 10 -900a (8.86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No 1024.0018 Section Addn'l Doc Page 40 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana Photographs Name of property: County and State: Name of photographer: Date of photographs: Location of negatives: Old Richmond Historic District Wayne, Indiana Eliza Steelwater September 19, 2002 Indiana Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology 402 W Washington St, W274 Indianapolis, LNI 46204 NR# VIEWS (N�2S) ROLL &NEG 1 View southeast, streetscape 900 block of South A St from South 9th St OR1.4 2 View southwest, main facade of 901 South A St OR1.7 3 View northwest, east facade, 100 S 10th St OR1 -9 4 View southeast, strectscape (L to R) east side 100 block S 10th, 10th St Park OR1 -1 1 5 View southeast, pedestrian pathway of molded glazed brick in 10th St Park OR1.15 6 View southeast, 201 S 10th St ORI -14 7 View south, streetscape south end of 10th St Park, 1000 and 900 blocks South C St at S 10th OR1 -19 8 View east, Grace C. M. E. Church, 313 S 10th St OR1 -22 9 View west, 500 S 10th St OR1 -28 10 View northwest, streetscape of 900 block South E St, north side OR1 -30 11 View southeast, St. John's Lutheran Church, 501 S 7th St OR1 -35 12 View southwest, streetscape of 500 block South E St from S 6th OR2 -4 13 View west, streetscape of South E St between 500 and 400 blocks S 5th St, 500 South E at center left OR2 -7 14 View northwest, streetscape of west side, 500 block S 5th St OR2 -6 15 View southwest, streetscape of 100 and 200 blocks S 2nd at South B St OR2 -16 16 View northwest, 206 B St OR2 -18 NPS Form 10-900a (8.86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB No 1024.0018 Section Addn'l Doc Page 41 Old Richmond Historic District Amendment, Wayne County, Indiana NR# VIEWS (N =25) ROLL &NEG 17 View southwest, streetscape of South A St centered on 611 South A OR2 -21 18 View northwest, 110 S 8th St OR2 -30 19 View southwest, streetscape of 100 and 200 blocks of S 8th St at South B St OR2 -31 20 View northwest, west side of 400 block S 6th St, 428 S 6th at center OR2 -i 21 View southeast, 401 and 403 S 4th St OR2 -11 22 View west, 228 S 4th St OR2 -15 23 View southeast, streetscape 700 block South B St; 201 S 7th St in R foreground OR2 -24 24 View northeast, streetscape of east side, 200 block of S 6th St; 233 at center of photo OR2 -27 25 View south, 609 South C St OR2 -28 DU s 3