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Select Board Meeting Packet - 03.21.22
1 Erika Mawn From:Mary Chaffee <mary.chaffee@barnstablecounty.org> Sent:Tuesday, March 15, 2022 10:52 AM To:Peter Lombardi; Donna Kalinick Subject:FW: Town Liaison to the Barnstable County Human Rights Advisory Commission Attachments:BCHRAC liaison.pdf Peter, The Barnstable County Human Rights Advisory Commission invites Brewster to appoint a non-voting liaison to the Commission. Please see attached information. Mary Best, Mary ___________________________ Mary Chaffee, PhD, JD, RN, FAAN Deputy Speaker and Brewster Delegate Barnstable County Assembly of Delegates 3195 Main Street Barnstable, MA 02638 www.barnstablecounty.org/regional-government/assembly-of-delegates www.brewster-ma.gov/committees-mainmenu-29/assembly-of-delegates From: Jason Parrent <bfreewellnessjason@gmail.com> Date: Sunday, March 13, 2022 at 3:13 PM To: Mary Chaffee <mary.chaffee@barnstablecounty.org> Subject: Town Liaison to the Barnstable County Human Rights Advisory Commission CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe. Good afternoon Mary, I'm writing on behalf of the Barnstable County Human Rights Advisory Commission (BCHRAC). As you may know each town in Barnstable County, plus the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Council, may appoint a representative of their choosing to attend and speak at BHRAC or Committee meetings, as a non-voting liaison and be active within the group. We are seeking to fill these spots in each town, ideally with somebody who would be actively involved in the group. We are reaching out to each town's delegate to the County Assembly of Delegates to see if you have anyone that you would like to appoint, or have considered, and if so point them in our direction. In an effort to streamline and expedite the process the BCHRAC will be keeping these spots open for each town for 2022 until April 15, 2022. If not filled by then we will again be seeking to fill them for the calendar year 2023. Attached is a memo providing some more information. I look forward to hearing from you and if you have any questions please do reach out. BARNSTABLE COUNTY HUMAN RIGHTS ADVISORY COMMISSION Post Office Box 427 Barnstable, Massachusetts 02630 508-375-6611 www.barnstablecountyhrac.org Background Barnstable County is committed to promoting equal opportunity for all persons regardless of race,color,religious creed,national origin,gender,age,ancestry,sexual or affectional preference,marital,family or military status,source of income,neighborhood or disability, and to oppose discrimination in housing,employment,education,public accommodations, town or county services, insurance, banking, credit and health care. The Barnstable County Commission passed Ordinance 22-01 to promote these policies among the communities of Cape Cod through the creation of the Barnstable County Human Rights Advisory Commission (BCHRAC).The Ordinance tasks BCHRAC to outreach,liaise and provide education on human rights issues to all Cape Cod communities in an advisory capacity.We also receive complaints of alleged human rights violations and refer the complainant to the appropriate agency.Further details may be found at our county website www.BarnstableCountyHRAC.org.Under this Ordinance the Select Board or Town Council of each town plus the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Council may appoint a representative of their choosing to attend and speak at HRAC or Committee meetings, as a non-voting liaison. Purpose The Barnstable County Human Rights Commission very much wants input from all communities and encourages every town and the Mashpee Tribal Council to appoint a liaison representative to the Commission.With your input,all Barnstable County communities may collectively address the shared challenges that transcend town borders.By taking a seat on BCHRAC,the towns and Tribal Council will have a voice at the County level in promoting human rights issues such as health equity, affordable housing and climate impacts. We hope you will decide to join us and look forward to working in a cooperative spirit with your representative. Contact:Susan Quinones Barnstable County Human Rights Coordinator susan.quinones@barnstablecounty.org Weekly Count of New COVID-19 Infections: March 8, 2020 – March 12, 2022 1 5 3 1 2 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 2 3 0 1 4 1 3 6 6 13 22 117 202425 53 2420 8 8 5 1113 21 32 2125 12 6 7 3 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 3 5 914 7 91215 6 9 9 8 5 5 5 5 9 20 39 21 29 4847 54 82 118 545457 34 9 20 710 4 0 0 3 3 7 53 14 2 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 11 38 30 18 4 3 1 0 0000 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 3/8-3/143/22-3/284/5-4/114/19-4/255/3-5/95/17-5/235/31-6/66/14-6/206/28-7/47/12-7/187/26-8/18/9-8/158/23-8/299/6-9/129/20-9/2610/4-10/1010/18-10/2411/1-11/711/15-11/2111/29-12/512/13-12/1912/27-1/21/10-1/161/24-1/302/7-2/132/21-2/273/7-3/133/21-3/274/4-4/104/18-4/245/2-5/85/16-5/225/30-6/56/13-6/196/27-7/37/11-7/177/25-7/318/8-8/148/22-8/289/5-9/119/19-9/2510/3-10/910/17-10/2310/31-11/611/14-11/2011/28-12/412/12-12/1812/26-1/11/9-1/151/23-1/292/6-2/122/20-2/263/6-3/12New Brewster COVID-19 Cases Resident (1271 Total)Long Term Care (225 Total staff & patients) Ages of Brewster Residents with Active COVID-19 Infections 0-9 years (0) 0% 10-19 years (1) 10% 20-29 years (2) 20% 30-39 years (2) 20% 40-49 years (0) 0% 50-59 years (1) 10% 60-69 years (2) 20% 70-79 years (1) 10% 80+ years (1) 10% 0-9 years (0) 10-19 years (1) 20-29 years (2) 30-39 years (2) 40-49 years (0) 50-59 years (1) 60-69 years (2) 70-79 years (1) 80+ years (1) February 27 – March 5, 2022 % COVID Infections in Age Groups % COVID Infections in Age Groups 0-9 years (0) 0% 10-19 years (0) 0% 20-29 years (0) 0% 30-39 years (0) 0% 40-49 years (0) 0% 50-59 years (0) 0% 60-69 years (2) 50% 70-79 years (1) 25% 80+ years (1) 25% 0-9 years (0) 10-19 years (0) 20-29 years (0) 30-39 years (0) 40-49 years (0) 50-59 years (0) 60-69 years (2) 70-79 years (1) 80+ years (1) March 6 – March 12, 2022 Ages of Brewster Residents whose Deaths wererelated to COVID-19 Infections 0-9 years (0) 0% 10-19 years (0) 0% 20-29 years (0) 0% 30-39 years (1) 2%40-49 years (1) 2%50-59 years (1) 2% 60-69 years (3) 8% 70-79 years (5) 13% 80+ years (29) 73% 0-9 years (0) 10-19 years (0) 20-29 years (0) 30-39 years (1) 40-49 years (1) 50-59 years (1) 60-69 years (3) 70-79 years (5) 80+ years (29) January 1, 2020 – March 14, 2022 Total: 40 (Residents 18, Long Term Care 22) % COVID Deaths in Age Groups Archive d: Wednesday, March 16, 2022 8:42:01 AM From: Kristy Senatori Se nt: Tue, 15 Mar 2022 17:12:41 +0000ARC To: Kristy Senatori Subje ct: DLTA award - regional housing market analysis Se ns itivity: Normal Good afternoon, T hank y ou for y our requests for District Local T echnical Assistance funding. While we had many requests and were unable to fund them all, I am pleased to let you know that the Commission is able to provide DLT A funding assistance for a regional housing market analy sis update, which was requested by several towns on behalf of the region. We are all very aware of the significant issues facing Cape Cod as it navigates the housing crisis. T his up-to-date analysis will provide accurate baseline information for dev eloping and supporting strategies to address these challenges. W e will be happy to share the results of the project as it progresses. Sincerely, Kristy Kristy SenatoriExecutive Director\u8239 Cape Cod Commission 508-744-1216 ksenatori@capecodcommission.org\u8239 Section 1. Prospective Ap p l ican t & Proj ect Information EOHED Region MassDOT District MDFA Regional Office Gateway City Housing Choice Regional Planning Agency 1.2. Organization Type (Select from following drop-down options) ✓ Public Entity ✓ Municipality Public Housing Authority Redevelopment Authority or Similar Quasi-Governmental Agency Water or Sewer District Other Public Entity please specify: 1.3. Applicant Organiz ation Name: Town of Brewster 1.4. Applicant Organiz ation Legal Address: 2198 Main St 1.5. City/Town: Brewster 1.8. CEO Name: Peter Lombardi 1.10. CEO Tel.: (508) 896-3701 1.13 Project Contact Title Project Manager 1.1. Primary Location: Brewster Rural or Small Town MVP Community MBTA Community Non-Public Entity 1.6. State: Massachusetts 1.7. Zip Code: 02631 1.9 CEO Title: Town Administrator 1.11. CEO Email: plombardi@brewster-ma.gov 1.12. Project Contact Name (if different) Conor Kenny 1.14. Contact Tel.: (508) 896-3701 1.15. Contact Email ckenny@brewster-ma.gov Expression of Interest FY23 EXP-FY23-Brewster-Brewster-00195 1.17. Describe applicant, including organiz ations structure and primary economic development goals . The Town of Brewster is located on the bay side of Cape Cod. Established in 1803, the Town encompasses approximately 23 square miles, including over 325 acres of beach and marshlands, with 24 ponds larger than 10 acres in size. Structurally, Brewster is governed by an Open Town Meeting form of government, led by a Town Administrator and a Select Board. The Select Board annually updates its Strategic Plan that identifies priority goals for the organization and community. One key economic development goal, outlined in the Town’s Vision Plan, is the maintenance and expansion of open space assets to provide public recreation and to protect the Town’s fragile natural habitat. Currently, over one-third of Brewster's land has been retained for conservation, open space, recreation, and watershed protection. Consequently, Brewster boasts award-winning drinking water, nationally acclaimed golf courses, and a state park containing 400 acres of trails as well as ponds. The Town consistently continues to invest in acquiring priority open space parcels, thus protecting environmentally sensitive areas from private development and improving public access to recreational areas. Brewster's year-round population of 10,318 grows to about 30,000 in the summer season as visitors enjoy our natural beauty and amenities. At the same time, the lack of affordable housing in Brewster is one of the greatest threats facing the local economy. The housing crisis, further accelerated during the pandemic, places the Town’s future as a year-round community in jeopardy. The Select Board has therefore identified providing more affordable, safe, and accessible rental and ownership housing units at different price points, particularly for single people, young families, and our older population as a critical goal. The Town is in the process of completing its first Local Comprehensive Plan, currently planned to be presented to Town Meeting for adoption in Fall 2022. Expression of Interest FY23 EXP-FY23-Brewster-Brewster-00195 SECTION 2. Describe up to top priority projects or initiatives that the applicant intends to submit in a One-Stop application for grant consideration. Describe the projects, areas, and/or sites and indicate the types of funding sought, even if unsure about the specific sources. This section is meant to provide state reviewers with insight into the prospective projects. Priority Proj ects/Initiatives Describe up to five top priority projects or initiatives that the applicant intends to submit in a One-Stop application for grant consideration. Describe the projects, areas, and/or sites and indicate the types of funding sought, even if unsure about the specific sources. This section is meant to provide state reviewers with insight into the prospective projects. Project/Initiative One P1.1 Name of Project/Initiative: Cape Cod Sea Camps Acquisition P1.2 If applicable, list the name and contact for any additional partner organiz ations. If this is a regional application, list other communities involved in the project: N/A Click here to see how the One Stop programs fall on the Development Continuum. P1.3 Based on the descriptions outlined for the One Stop's Development Continuum, what is the primary funding you would like to explore for this project/initiative: (Check up to two) ✓ Planning and Zoning Site Preparation P1.4 Based on the descriptions outlined for the One Stop’s Development Continuum, are there other type(s) of funding you would like to explore for this project/initiative? If not, please type "N/A". N/A P1.6 How much funding do you anticipate requesting from the One Stop for Growth? ✓Less than $100,000 $100,000 to $500,000 $500,000 to $1,000,000 Over $1,000,000 ✓Community Capacity Building Building (vertical construction) Infrastructure (horizontal construction) Other: Not sure P1.5 Brief Description of Project/Initiative. Indicate if project is phased and progress made to date: The Cape Cod Sea Camps, located in Brewster, was owned and operated by the Delahanty family for almost 100 years. The Sea Camps consist of two parcels of land – 55 acres at Main Street, and 66 acres at Long Pond. The Sea Camps closed in 2020, and the land was put up for sale. Most Cape Cod parcels of this size have been developed. The Select Board and Town Administration successfully negotiated the sale of both parcels to the Town after concluding that acquisition would prevent private development and offer the public many benefits, significantly expanding our recreational and open space amenities. Residents overwhelmingly approved these land purchases at Town Meeting and at the ballot in early Fall 2021. The Town is preparing to embark on an extensive planning phase, identifying potential future uses and inviting input from residents. Informed by this feedback, detailed Comprehensive Plans will then be developed and brought to a future Town Meeting for subsequent voter approval. Expression of Interest FY23 EXP-FY23-Brewster-Brewster-00195 P1.7 What would you use the One Stop funding for? If possible, indicate specific scope of work. The OneStop funding would be used to develop Comprehensive Plans that will identify future public uses for each property to transform the recently acquired parcels in a manner that best aligns with community priorities. While this work will be led by volunteer committees and staff, the Town requires the services of an interdisciplinary consultant team to provide technical support. In terms of the scope of work, the planning and design project will address programming and capital needs for both properties related to facilities, infrastructure, connectivity, access, ecological health, and coastal resilience. Numerous existing buildings on the Cape Cod Bay parcel will be assessed for potential adaptive re-use and the feasibility of constructing a new community center on site will be examined as well. The Town also anticipates exploring opportunities for the construction of affordable and/or workforce housing on these properties. P1.8 Please describe your timeline for your project and timing of the use of the One Stop funding. (Note that award decisions will not be public until fall 2022). We anticipate that the Comprehensive Plans will be developed over the next one to two years. The Select Board recently created two new advisory committees tasked with developing these plans – committee appointments were made in February 2022. Concurrently, we have engaged a consultant to develop a scope of work for the solicitation the Town will issue to select the consulting team who will help develop the Comprehensive Plans. The Town is prepared to begin the planning and design phase of the project by early Summer 2022. We anticipate that most of the planning and design work will be complete by Summer 2023, and both Plans will be complete by Spring 2024 at the latest. Special Town Meeting approved $175,000 in funding in November 2021 for this project. If we are awarded the OneStop grant in Fall 2022, these funds will be used to supplement this appropriation. P1.9 Would you like to add a second project? ✓ No Yes Expression of Interest FY23 EXP-FY23-Brewster-Brewster-00195 CAPE COD REGIONAL GOVERNMENT ASSEMBLY OF DELEGATES BARNSTABLE COUNTY COMPLEX SUPERIOR COURTHOUSE 3195 MAIN STREET – ROUTE 6A P.O. BOX 427 BARNSTABLE, MA 02630 Assembly Delegates Speaker: Patrick Princi (Barnstable) Deputy Speaker: Mary Chaffee (Brewster) Dean: John Ohman (Dennis) Douglas Brown (Falmouth) David Dunford (Orleans) J. Terence Gallagher (Eastham) Lilli-Ann Green (Wellfleet) Elizabeth Harder (Harwich) James Killion (Sandwich) Thomas O’Hara (Mashpee) Brian O’Malley (Provincetown) Randi Potash (Chatham) George Slade (Bourne) Sallie Tighe (Truro) Susan Warner (Yarmouth) Clerk of the Assembly Owen Fletcher (508) 375-6761 owen.fletcher @barnstable county.org Electronically March 17, 2022 Barnstable County Town Select Boards Barnstable Town Council Dear Select Board Members and Barnstable Town Councilors: The Barnstable County Assembly of Delegates voted on March 16, 2022 to distribute $20 million from the County’s American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) funds directly to the fifteen towns in the County as soon as possible. In May 2021, Barnstable County received $20,685,405.50, the first half of $41,370,811 in funds awarded to the County. ARPA funds, also known as the COVID-19 stimulus package, are intended to provide direct aid to local governments to address consequences of the pandemic. The Barnstable County Commissioners submitted an ordinance to the Assembly of Delegates proposing to distribute $10 million of the County’s ARPA funds to the towns using a county “portal” where the towns would be required to request and justify their proposed use of the funds. As Speaker of the Assembly of Delegates, I appreciated the Commissioners’ proposal, and that the Commissioners invited the Assembly of Delegates to determine the allocation formula for distribution of these funds to the towns. After reviewing the proposed ordinance, and in consideration of other factors, the Assembly amended the Commissioners’ ordinance to make more of these funds accessible to the towns as quickly as possible The Assembly’s amendment doubled the amount the Commissioners proposed the towns receive, increasing it to $20 million. Barnstable County government exists to address regional problems and some of the County’s ARPA funds are expected to be applied to county-wide issues. However, the County Commissioners have not yetidentified specific regional ARPA projects. Thus, it makes sense to transfer the majority of the first half (or tranche) of ARPA funds to the towns, who have ARPA-eligible projects ready, and give the County Commissioners time to propose specific regional projects that second tranche ARPA funds can be applied to. Assembly Delegates Speaker: Patrick Princi (Barnstable) Deputy Speaker: Mary Chaffee (Brewster) Dean: John Ohman (Dennis) Douglas Brown (Falmouth) David Dunford (Orleans) J. Terence Gallagher (Eastham) Lilli-Ann Green (Wellfleet) Elizabeth Harder (Harwich) James Killion (Sandwich) Thomas O’Hara (Mashpee) Brian O’Malley (Provincetown) Randi Potash (Chatham) George Slade (Bourne) Sallie Tighe (Truro) Susan Warner (Yarmouth) Clerk of the Assembly Owen Fletcher (508) 375-6761 owen.fletcher @barnstable county.org Letter to Select Boards and Town Councilors March 17, 2022 Page 2 of 2 The Assembly’s amended ARPA ordinance allows ARPA funds to be distributed directly to the towns. The towns have received their own tranches of ARPA funding and are familiar with ARPA regulatory and reporting requirements. Though the County Commissioners are establishing a portal to evaluate requests for ARPA funds, using this portal for municipal requests would slow down ARPA fund distribution and would increase the administrative costs associated with managing the funds. Lower administrative costs means more ARPA funding can be applied to beneficial projects. The County ARPA portal will be vital, however, to evaluate non-government requests for ARPA funds for regional projects. The Assembly will determine the allocation formula for distributing the $20 million in ARPA funds to the towns by its second meeting in April. Sincerely, Patrick Princi, Speaker Barnstable County Assembly of Delegates Adopted by the Assembly of Delegates on March 16, 2022 ____________________________ Patrick Princi, Speaker Assembly of Delegates BARNSTABLE COUNTY In the Year Two Thousand Twenty-Two Ordinance 22-03 The Cape Cod regional government, known as Barnstable county, hereby ordains; Section 1. 1.a. The sum of $20,000,000 shall be expended for direct distributions to towns in Barnstable County and shall be derived from funds received by Barnstable County under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA). 1.b. Said funds are to be expended by towns only for the purposes and in the ways set forth in the United States Department of the Treasury Coronavirus State & Local Fiscal Recovery Funds: Interim and Final Rule published on January 6, 2022 or any subsequent directives issued. 1.c. Barnstable County shall utilize the ordinance process provided in Section 2-8 and Section 3-8 of the Barnstable County Home Rule Charter to allocate the amount of funds to be directly distributed to each town under Section 1.a. Brewster Select Board Meeting of March 21, 2022 Consent Agenda Items 1 Item #8: Consent Agenda Approval of Regular Session Meeting Minutes from February 28, 2022, and March 7, 2022 ADMINISTRATIVE RECOMMENDATION We recommend the Board approve the meeting minutes as presented. Pass Through Town Permission: PanMass Challenge 2022 The PanMass Challenge will hold their 43rd annual event on the weekend of August 6 & 7, 2022. They have requested the use of Brewster Town Roads on Sunday August 7th in the early morning hours. The Brewster Police and Fire Departments as well as the Department of Public Works have been notified of this event. Police Chief Eldredge will collect the signature from State Police. ADMINISTRATIVE RECOMMENDATION We recommend that the Board approve the pass-through town permission. Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum Participant Commemoration Request The Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum is celebrating the 250th anniversary of the Boston Tea Party on December 16, 2023. They would like to place a commemorative marker at the gravesite of Edmund Sears in the Sears Cemetery. Installation will be coordinated with the Cemetary Commission and the DPW. They would also like to hold a brief ceremony to celebrate the town’s history and connection to the Boston Tea Party story which will be coordinated with the Town. No date has been established at this time. ADMINISTRATIVE RECOMMENDATION We recommend that the Board approve the request to place a commemorative marker. Special Event Permit: Captain Freeman Inn The Captain Freeman Inn would like to host an afternoon tea in the Inn’s tearoom for 6 people on Sunday March 27, 2022, at 3pm. This request has been reviewed by the Health Department and a temporary food permit has been issued. ADMINISTRATIVE RECOMMENDATION We recommend that the Board approve the special event permit. Breakwater Beach Use Request: Anglican Church of the Resurrection, Brewster Pastor, Father Alan Wilmot, of the Anglican Church of the Resurrection is requesting permission to hold a short beach service at Breakwater Beach on Easter Sunday, April 17th and every Sunday in July & August, and the Sunday of Labor Day weekend. Services will begin at 7:30am and will end before 8:00am. The Natural Resources Department and the DPW have been advised of this request and there are no concerns. ADMINISTRATIVE RECOMMENDATION We recommend that the Board approve the request for use of Breakwater Beach. Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 BoS 02.28.2022 www.brewster-ma.gov Page 1 of 9 Office of: Select Board Town Administrator MINUTES OF THE SELECT BOARD MEETING REGULAR SESSION DATE: February 28, 2022 TIME: 6:00 PM PLACE: Remote Participation REMOTE PARTICIPANTS: Chair Bingham, Selectperson Whitney, Selectperson Chaffee, Selectperson Hoffmann, Selectperson Chatelain, Town Administrator Peter Lombardi, Assistant Town Administrator Donna Kalinick, Finance Director Mimi Bernardo, Project Manager Conor Kenny, Finance Committee Members: Chair Pete Dahl, Robert Tobias, Bob Young, Bill Meehan, Frank Bridges, Andy Evans, Honey Pivirotto, Alex Hopper, Presenters: Erin Orcutt, Dr. Richard Hoffmann, Sean Parker, Dr. Carmen Scherzo Call to Order, Declaration of a Quorum, Meeting Participation Statement and Recording Statement Chair Bingham called the meeting to order at 6:00pm. A quorum was declared, with all five Select Board members present. Chair Bingham read the meeting participation and recording statements. Finance Committee Chair Dahl called the meeting to order and declared a quorum by announcing the Finance Committee members. Select Board Announcements and Liaison Reports: None Public Announcements and Comment: None Town Administrator’s Report: Mr. Lombardi noted that things have been trending in the right direction in terms of the pandemic, both locally and regionally cases on a weekly basis are closer to late summer/early fall benchmarks. On February 14th the Department of Public Health changed the guidance on mask requirements specific to vaccinated individuals and around the same time DESE indicated that the statewide school mask mandate would end on February 28, 2022. The Brewster Board of Health held an emergency meeting this past Wednesday and voted unanimously to rescind the mask requirement in all Town Buildings effective last Thursday. Nauset School Committees voted to adopt a policy and program where the Nauset district would become mask optional. Brewster Elementary schools went mask option starting February 28th, while the Regional Middle School and High School will be mask option starting on March 7, 2022. This Saturday March 5th the Town will distribute at home test kits at the Captains Golf Course parking lot between 10:00am – 2:30pm. There will be three windows that residents will be able to pick up 4 tests per household with proof of residency. 10:00am – 11:30am – Residents with last names from A to I 11:30am – 1:00pm – Residents with last names from J to Q 1:00pm to 2:30pm- Residents with last names from R to Z The Town used Brewster’s allocation of ARPA funds for this purchase. All details of the event are on the website. A handful of test kits will be placed aside for homebound residents and should contact the Council on Aging for their kits. Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 BoS 02.28.2022 www.brewster-ma.gov Page 2 of 9 Office of: Select Board Town Administrator Included in the packet are three warrant articles approved by the State Attorney Generals’ office. The two zoning bylaw amendments relative to our flood plain bylaw and our water quality protection district, are retroactive back to the approval date in November. The new Stormwater General Bylaw that was approved takes effect two weeks after the receipt of State approval. Town staff have been meeting internally and working with consultants at Horsley Witten so there is a smooth launch, putting together educational and outreach materials. One important policy detail relative to the implementation of the bylaw is that the Planning Board last week approved their updated stormwater regulations and application process. Mr. Lombardi noted a couple of items: tomorrow night at 6pm there is a virtual community forum regarding the elementary consolidation feasibility study, the log in information is available on the website. Recently there was a community forum on the Millstone Road construction project which was very well attended. Information on the forum is on the website and the project page, including the presentation that provided updates to the proposed design. Public comments are due on March 3, 2022. Presentation of and Discussion on FY23 Cape Cod Regional Technical High School Operating Budget-Joint with Finance Committee Selectperson Hoffmann noted that she filed a disclosure that her husband is a member of the Cape Cod Tech Regional School Committee and that there is a low risk of favoritism. Erin Orcutt, the Finance Director from Cape Cod Technical High School joined the meeting to present the operating budget. The full presentation is available in the meeting packet. Highlights include: Brewster’s increase in enrollment by 18 students. Overall enrollment increased by 27 students. The budget that was voted last month by the School Committee was an overall 1.99% increase over the FY22 budget. In over six years there has not been an increase over 1.99% and has been able to maintain most services and increase were needed to. Total operating budget is $16,127,000 an increase of $335,00 over last year’s budget. Money comes from assessments which are about 78-80% of overall funding sources, state aid, and local revenues (facility rental – YMCA of Cape Cod and Cape Destinations and the use of excess and efficiency funds). The largest drivers of what the money is used for including: Teacher’s Salaries (36%), Insurance Benefits (10.9%), Plant Operations (9.8%), Support Service (8.7%). Plant operations is not unique, the Tech is currently trying to determine what the new building is costing as far as maintenance, utilities, etc. to get a true idea of what plant operations will be. Overall operating assessment for Brewster is $1,115,633 – a $290,270 increase over last fiscal year. Almost exclusively contributed to the increase in enrollment. The overall assessment increase to the towns went up .46%, so with a jump of 18 in enrollment, Brewster saw a significant change in the operating assessment as well as capital debt. Tech is in year four of a 20-year fixed principal note, payments are made twice per year, in additional to the operating assessment, there is a capital debt assessment that is associated with enrollment each year. For FY23 it will be $549,461.00, a total of $1,665,094 for the Town of Brewster for FY23. Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 BoS 02.28.2022 www.brewster-ma.gov Page 3 of 9 Office of: Select Board Town Administrator The Select Board and Finance Committee asked questions regarding the budget presentation. Finance Committee Member Alex Hopper joined the meeting at 6:34pm. Some of the question-and-answer portion included: Enrollment is based off incoming 9th graders; the Cape Cod Tech doesn’t typically accept students past the first half of 10th grade. The Tech has three major grants that offset some of the staffing costs. The Special Needs Aids budget decreased in FY23 due to a reduction from 2 aids to an aid and a Special Education Instructor. The excess and deficiency budget states that the Tech can not keep more than 5% of next year’s operating budget on hand, up until Covid this has been around 4.7%. During the pandemic the Tech had an excess of Esser (Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief) funding, with the shifting of costs over the past few years and Esser funding caused the school to go past excess and deficiency allowable balance. This added with the building project in which bond proceeds were well invested, the school made over $1.1M in interest. Excess and deficiency have not yet been certified for FY22, will be more than what is allowed, the school will likely be able to credit the operating budget once it is certified. There was discussion regarding how the school is able to keep a increase of 1.9% for FY23 as well as the fluctuation in State Aid. The school is designed for 650 students, the MA school building authority says that it is only at 85% capacity. There is the ability to go up another 97 students, but it is not ideal, a comfortable number of students is 650-675. Cape Cod Regional Technical HS has multiyear contract with Cape Destinations (currently in year 3 of a 5-year fixed contract). There is a fuel escalation surcharge that works for both increases and decreases. Dr. Richard Hoffmann, Brewster’s representative to the Cape Cod Technical School Committee, added that the school does an outstanding job in preparing students for rewarding careers in 15 different fields, this contributes to the rise in enrollment. Presentation and Vote on the Health and Human Services Committee FY23 Funding Recommendations (Sean Parker, HHS Committee Chair)- Joint with Finance Committee The Health and Human Services Committee’s primary task is to assess funding applications from non-profits that help Cape Cod in general, Brewster residents in particular. When assessing applications, the Committee tries to embody the values of Brewster residents as much as possible, which is to be fiscally responsible, caring, and generous. Applications from various organizations include: Aids Support Group of Cape Cod Alzheimer’s Family Support Group Cape Abilities Cape Cod Children’s Place Consumer Assistance Council Duffy Health Center Elder Services Family Pantry of Cape Cod Homeless Prevention Council Independence House Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 BoS 02.28.2022 www.brewster-ma.gov Page 4 of 9 Office of: Select Board Town Administrator Lower Cape Outreach Council Nauset Together We Can Nauset Youth Alliance Outer Cape Health Services Site Loss Services South Coastal Counties Legal Services Mr. Parker highlighted that Elder Services of Cape Cod in FY21 delivered 8,327 meals on wheels to 92 Brewster residents with an estimated total cost of $87,434. For FY23 the recommended funding is $8,600. The estimated costs are for the materials, not the value of the service. Elder Services of Cape Cod not only delivers food, but they also check in on residents and provide human interaction and connection. The Independence House in FY21 provided an array of services including counseling, advocacy, and basic needs to 290 Brewster children and adult survivors through programs such as the Child Witness to Violence Program and Child Sexual Assault Services with an estimated total cost of $79,772. The recommended funding for FY23 is $10,000. Mr. Parker noted that Brewster residents are incredibly strong, and this organization allows them to get resources and support to let their strength shine through. The total recommended funding is $121,950, less than the previous year by 6.1%. Typically ask for about 2.5% more year over year. The reduction comes from two factors, last year the funding request had a onetime $5,00 additional request from Nauset Youth Alliance to keep them afloat. Additionally, this year Gosnold decided not to apply for funding. This allowed the Health and Human Services Committee to level fund 7 out of 16 agencies and increase funding to 9 out of the 16 agencies. Selectperson Chatelain moved to approve the Health and Human Services Committee budget as presented. Selectperson Chaffee second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Hoffmann-yes, Selectperson Whitney- yes, Selectperson Chatelain-yes, Selectperson Chaffee-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 5-Yes, 0- No. Finance Committee member Meehan moved to approve the Health and Human Services budget as presented. Member Bridges second. A roll call vote was taken. Member Hopper-yes, Member Tobias- yes, Member Young-yes, Member Meehan-yes, Member Bridges-yes, Member Evans-yes, Member Pivirotto-yes, Chair Dahl-yes. The Finance Committee vote was 8-Yes, 0-No. FY23 Town Budget Presentation (Select Board FY22-23 Strategic Plan Goal G-6)- Joint with Finance Committee Finance Director Mimi Bernardo reviewed the budget presentations using the OpenGov platform. Ms. Bernardo announced that the Assistant Town Accountant, Ann Christen, will be retiring at the end of April after 33 years of service with the Town of Brewster. The budget topics that were presented: a.Accounting b.Debt Finance Committee member Meehan moved to adjourn the Finance Committee meeting at 7:20pm. Member Bridges second. A roll call vote was taken. Member Hopper-yes, Member Tobias- yes, Member Young-yes, Member Meehan-yes, Member Bridges-yes, Member Evans-yes, Member Pivirotto-yes, Chair Dahl-yes. The Finance Committee vote was 8-Yes, 0-No. Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 BoS 02.28.2022 www.brewster-ma.gov Page 5 of 9 Office of: Select Board Town Administrator Consent Agenda a.Meeting Minutes: February 7 and February 9, 2022 b.Pass Through Town Permission: Cape Cod Gateway MS Bike Ride (June 2022) c.Applications for Facility Use: Brewster Conservation Trust- Calf Field Pond (April 2022) and Spruce Hill Trail (June 2022) d.One-Day Liquor License Application-Brewster Chamber of Commerce Selectperson Chatelain moved the consent agenda for February 28, 2022. Selectperson Chaffee second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Chaffee-yes, Selectperson Chatelain- yes, Selectperson Whitney-yes, Selectperson Hoffmann-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 5-Yes, 0-No. Discuss and Vote on Friends of Brewster Dog Park, Inc. Request for Weekly Flea Market at Drummer Boy Park (June-August 2022) Dr. Carmen Scherzo joined the meeting and noted that previously the flea markets were run by the school committee, the vendors that participated would like to continue and extend to weekly flea markets. All proceeds from these events will go to the Brewster Dog Park which is a Town facility. The request includes to waive the fees associated with use of Drummer Boy Park. Dr. Scherzo commented that he is extremely impressed with Griffin Ryder, Jess Thomas and Peter Lombardi with the construction of the Dog Park thus far. Noting that progress continues to be made and are receiving financial support from organizations. Rick Alto has done a great job with social media solicitating donations. Selectperson Chaffee shared that she supports the permits and the fee waiver as requested; the non-profit Friends of Brewster Dog Park has a legal agreement with the Town of Brewster to provide us with a variety of services related to managing the new dog park. Money raised through these flea markets will be spent in services to the Town and help to reduce any funds that the Town would have to pay, noting that it is in our best interest to approve the request. Selectperson Chatelain moved to approve the schedule of events and fee waiver for the Friends of Brewster Dog Park Inc. Selectperson Whitney second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Chaffee-yes, Selectperson Whitney- yes, Selectperson Chatelain-yes, Selectperson Hoffmann-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 5-Yes, 0-No. Discuss and Vote on Sea Camp Properties Planning Committee Appointments Selectpersons Chatelain and Chaffee identified the residents that have been chosen to be appointed to the Bay Property Planning Committee; Amanda Bebrin, representative to the Vision Planning Committee, Patricia Hughes, representative to the Natural Resources Commission, Thomas Wingard, representative to the Recreation Committee, and the following at-large members: Karl Fryzel, Peter Johnson, Caroline McCarley, Katie Miller Jacobus, Clare O’connor-Rice and John Phillips. It was announced that Allyson Felix is designated as an alternate to the Committee. Selectpersons Hoffmann and Whitney identified the following residents that have been chosen to be appointed to the Pond Property Planning Committee; Cynthia Baran, representative to the Water Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 BoS 02.28.2022 www.brewster-ma.gov Page 6 of 9 Office of: Select Board Town Administrator Commissioners, Paul Ruchinskas, representative to the Affordable Housing Trust, Elizabeth Taylor, representative to the Open Space Committee, Chris Williams representative to the Natural Resources Commission and the following at-large members: Jan Crocker, Stephen Ferris, Katie Gregoire, Doug Wilcock. It was announced that Anne Weirich is to be designated as an alternate to the Committee. Selectperson Chaffee moved the designated appointments as identified to the Bay Property Planning Committee and the Pond Property Planning Committee. Selectperson Chatelain second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Chatelain-yes, Selectperson Hoffmann- yes, Selectperson Chaffee-yes, Selectperson Whitney-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 5-Yes, 0-No. Mr. Lombardi acknowledged that liaisons from other partners and committees still need to be appointed, which we expect in the next several weeks. The Town will work with Reed Hildebrand to finalize the scope of work in terms of moving forward to bring a consulting firm on board to support both committee’s work. There is continued discussion and planning on short-term public access or this summer. Update on Water Quality Project Funding Options and Vote on Continued Brewster Participation in Cape Cod and Island Water Protection Fund (Select Board FY22-23 Strategic Plan Goal WR-1) Selectperson Chaffee recused herself from this discussion as she has a short-term rental, she will rejoin the meeting for the next agenda item. Mr. Lombardi recapped previous meetings and presentations that the Select Board has held regarding this topic. It is important to understand what options the Town has in paying for capital costs, included in the packet is a one-page synopsis for review. High level overview: we anticipate a little over $30M in major capital projects associated with water quality. Based on feedback from the State, we think it is likely that Brewster will receive a subsidy through the Cape Cod and Island Water Protection Fund (CCIWPF) in a little over $4M. On the request of the Select Board, Mr. Lombardi connected with our legislative delegation to understand the extent in which the Town, moving forward with special legislation through Town Meeting would be viable. Through discussion with Senator Cyr and Representatives Peake and Whalen this isn’t a viable option for reason being that this legislation passed a regional solution to a regional problem and if Brewster were to bring forward a special act to mirror the tax to impose on traditional and short-term rentals and keep the money locally, there would be a precedence set for any Town to establish a similar local tax for whatever purposes they saw fit. This would not be supported at the State level. One other potential funding solution discussed was the 3% community impact fee on short term rentals, this doesn’t apply to traditional lodging, it is a local option which means it requires a simple majority vote at Town Meeting to adopt and would take effect immediately. There is no State review or approval. Mr. Lombardi noted that the way the statute is structured, the fee would have to be two separate warrant articles, one to apply strictly to perpetually manage short term rental units and the other to apply to all short-term rentals. The fees would be administered and collected by the State, same as the current short- term rental and traditional lodging taxes and the same process the CCWIPF is collected. Mr. Lombardi reviewed that we contribute about $1M annually to the CCWIPF, our combined revenues, local receipts from the 6% surcharge on short term rentals and traditional lodging totals about $2.3M (about half of which is from short term rentals, $1.1M). Through the community impact fee, we can anticipate at least $500k in Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 BoS 02.28.2022 www.brewster-ma.gov Page 7 of 9 Office of: Select Board Town Administrator revenues. Adding that the statue requires that 35% of those revenues would need to be spent on either affordable housing or local infrastructure projects. This could take affect as early as this summer, to manage the funds we would want to create a new water quality stabilization fund, to which at least 35% and presumably 100% would be directed. A 2/3 vote is required at Town Meeting for appropriation. Mr. Lombardi shared that our legislators have offered to broker a meeting with State officials from DEP and from the Clean Water Trust to see if there is a possibility to expand Brewster’s eligibility for our projects access to the State Revolving Fund (SRF) program. Through this eligibility, increase the Town’s potential subsidy from the CCWIPF. The Town may benefit from having our elected officials representing that it may not just be Brewster that is contending with this now or in the coming years. Depending on the outcome, our legislative delegation has offered to help grow eligibility for non-big pipe sewar projects and expressed willingness to revisit conversations related to regulations and bylaws to the fund itself at the CCWIPF board level. All of this is around our large-scale projects for installing innovative alternative septic systems around our ponds, which is estimated to cost between $12-15M. If Brewster were to opt out of the CCWIPF through a 2/3 vote at Town Meeting, we would have the ability to opt back in through Town Meeting vote with a two year “cooling off” period in which we would not be eligible to receive any subsidies. Mr. Lombardi that the Select Board has a decision to make on next steps, if we were to follow up with State officials this could take several months to get answers. Mr. Lombardi offered that if this were to move forward as proposed the Capital Stabilization fund balance would be a little over $1M. A bridge solution until the Town decides to stay in the CCIWPF, is that we could bring an article to Town meeting this spring creating a new Water Quality Stabilization Fund and directing 15% of short-term rental revenues, which would be a little over $112K to the new fund. These funds would be available for appropriation for capital costs that we anticipate for next fiscal. The Select Board engage in conversation about the decision points and information that Mr. Lombardi presented. Some of the key items discussed included: The critical issue is the IA systems on private property, while there is eligibility at the Federal level, there isn’t any in MA for some unknown reason. We have inquired about a path forward with the SRF program, the short answer is that it is contingent on the program being part of a regional strategy. The Town would be the ones to borrow the SRF as opposed to private entities. The financial benefit for the Town to stay in CCWIPF and try to change the regulations and the funding mechanism vs. the expense it would potentially cost the Town in staying in the CCWIPF if our efforts to change the regulations aren’t successful. No specific solutions at this time with involving the legislative delegation, it is their willingness to advocate for Brewster. The regulations are an ongoing issue since the formation of the fund. If the Board decided to allow our state officials to lobby for Brewster this would take several months, could have a resolution by the close of warrant for Fall Town Meeting in September. Our state officials feel there is value in the legislation that was recently passed, in its early state, but has potential. They are counseling the Town to be patient and hope that we exhaust all options before opting out of the CCWIPF. Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 BoS 02.28.2022 www.brewster-ma.gov Page 8 of 9 Office of: Select Board Town Administrator Financial impact: o The Town contributes about $1M a year to the CCWIPF and haven’t really received any subsidies from the program to date. Potentially we could receive a small subsidy for one or two of our smaller projects of about $50-$100k. If we wait until fall there would be another $800k in contributions. o Since a majority of our short-term rental revenues come in summer and early fall we are looking at about $400k that we would not bring if the Town waited to adopt the community impact fee. If the Town were to wait to opt out, there would be a two-part process, first we would go to the State and work with the Cape Cod Commission to understand to what extent there would be any current or future changes to the SRF program in terms of eligibility. If there were no changes, we would try to work with the CCWIPF Board to see if there is a willingness to amend the regulations and bylaws to allow for greater eligibility. There is no objection to the CCWIPF in theory, however participating in the fund makes it more difficult for Brewster to meet our obligations to regional wastewater protection. The Town will need to consider its education and outreach for this topic with whatever decision is made. This includes the short-term rental entities that may have already set their rates for this summer as well as for our residents leading up to Town Meeting. A short discussion around how to present the warrant articles took place. Selectperson Whitney moved that the Board approve warrant articles for Fall 2022 Town Meeting to potentially opt out of the Cape Cod and Islands Water Protection Fund and concurrently impose a 3% community impact fee on all short-term rentals. Selectperson Chatelain second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Chatelain-yes, Selectperson Whitney- yes, Selectperson Hoffman-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 4-Yes, 0-No. Mr. Lombardi asked about the potential warrant article for this Spring, to create a water quality stabilization fund and allocate 15% of short-term rental revenues, $112,500 in the operating budget to this fund. Noting that if we were to adopt the community impact fee, we would need to establish this fund anyway. Selectperson Chatelain moved to add to the warrant a Water Quality Stabilization Fund. Selectperson Whitney second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Chatelain-yes, Selectperson Whitney- yes, Selectperson Hoffman-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 4-Yes, 0-No. Discuss and Vote on Potential Change to Spring 2022 Town Meeting Date On average we have about 400 residents that attend Town meetings, we think for this Town Meeting we will see a good turnout and are proposing to move the meeting date to a weekend. The meeting will be at Stony Brook on the ball field with no tent, the meeting date would be Saturday May 14th with a rain date of Sunday May 15th. The Town has confirmed with the school, Town Counsel, and the Moderator. Mr. Lombardi noted that the bylaws read if Town Meeting is held within two weeks of the scheduled local election, which is Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 BoS 02.28.2022 www.brewster-ma.gov Page 9 of 9 Office of: Select Board Town Administrator typically the 3rd Tuesday of the month, the local election is moved back to the 4th Tuesday. The local election will then be planned for Tuesday May 24th. Selectperson Chatelain moved to hold Town Meeting on Saturday May 14, 2022, with a rain date of May 15, 2022, outside at Stony Brook. Selectperson Whitney second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Chaffee- yes, Selectperson Whitney- yes, Selectperson Hoffman-yes, Selectperson Chatelain-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 5-Yes, 0-No. Vote to Close Spring 2022 Annual and Special Town Meeting Warrants Selectperson Whitney moved to close Spring 2022 Annual and Special Town Meeting Warrants. Selectperson Chatelain second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Chaffee-yes, Selectperson Chatelain- yes, Selectperson Whitney-yes, Selectperson Hoffmann-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 5-Yes, 0-No. For Your Information: No Comments Matters Not Reasonably Anticipated by the Chair: None Questions from the Media: None Next Meetings: March 7, March 14, March 21, April 4, April 25, May 9, and May 23, 2022 Adjournment Selectperson Chatelain moved to adjourn at 9:13pm. Selectperson Hoffmann second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Chaffee-yes, Selectperson Chatelain- yes, Selectperson Whitney-yes, Selectperson Hoffmann-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 5-Yes, 0-No. Respectfully submitted by Erika Mawn, Executive Assistant Approved: __________________ Signed: _________________________________________ Date Selectperson Chatelain, Clerk of the Select Board Accompanying Documents in Packet: Agenda, TA Report, Consent Agenda, Citizens Petitions, Public Meeting Schedule & Format packet, BI-annual Other Postemployment Benefits, Town Meeting anticipated warrant articles, FYI packet Link to the Town of Brewster online budget book: https://stories.opengov.com/brewsterma/published/vNFj7_V0i. Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 BoS 03.07.2022 www.brewster-ma.gov Page 1 of 7 Office of: Select Board Town Administrator MINUTES OF THE SELECT BOARD MEETING REGULAR SESSION DATE: March 7, 2022 TIME: 6:00 PM PLACE: Remote Participation REMOTE PARTICIPANTS: Chair Bingham, Selectperson Whitney, Selectperson Chaffee, Selectperson Hoffmann, Selectperson Chatelain, Town Administrator Peter Lombardi, Assistant Town Administrator Donna Kalinick, Planning Board Members: Chair Paul Wallace, Elizabeth Taylor, Charlotte Degen, Amanda Bebrin, Madalyn Hillis-Dineen, and Mark Koch. Participants: Alex Wentworth, DPW Director Griffin Ryder Call to Order, Declaration of a Quorum, Meeting Participation Statement and Recording Statement Chair Bingham called the meeting to order at 6:00pm. A quorum was declared, with all five Select Board members present. Chair Bingham read the meeting participation and recording statements. Public Announcements and Comment: None Select Board Announcements and Liaison Reports: Chair Bingham made note of the new “Town of Brewster” sign at the Sea Camps property on 6A. Town Administrator’s Report: Mr. Lombardi acknowledged and thanked the Town staff and volunteers who attended the Covid home testing kit distribution event. A special thanks was given to Sherri McCullough and Donna Kalinick for their work behind the scenes in making the event successful, as we distributed almost 1500 tests. Ms. Kalinick thanked the CERT team members for their volunteer efforts, as well as the Golf Department for use of the site. She also thanked the Police Department, the Department of Public Works and Tom Thatcher for their assistance. Next Tuesday our Water Department will be starting their flushing program. Information and details will be on the website. On the Millstone Road construction project, public comment deadline was extended until March 10, 2022. In April looking to discuss at the Select Board meeting the feedback received and determine next steps. Consent Agenda a.Meeting Minutes: February 14, 2022 b.Appointments: Elizabeth Taylor, Representative to the Cape Cod Commission; Mary Jo Murphy, Human Services Committee c.Town Landing and Public Beach Access Request: Ellis Landing d.Request for Approval to Sublease Cell Tower Site: 26 Freemans Way Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 BoS 03.07.2022 www.brewster-ma.gov Page 2 of 7 Office of: Select Board Town Administrator e.Applications for Facility Use: By the Bay Fine Arts & Craft Shows (5 events); Kaleidoscope Arts & Craft Shows (3 events); Castleberry Fairs & Festivals Arts & Craft Fairs (2 events) f.Request for Building Permit Fee Waivers: BlueSky Restoration Contractors, LLC and Thomas Home Improvements g.Request Change of Date to Approved One Day Liquor License: Snowy Owl Coffee Roasters h.Items to be Declared Surplus for Sale, Transfer or Disposal i.Proposed Revisions to Kayak, Stand-Up Paddleboard, and Canoe Rack Regulations Selectperson Chatelain moved the consent agenda for March 7, 2022. Selectperson Chaffee second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Hoffmann-yes, Selectperson Chaffee- yes, Selectperson Chatelain-yes, Selectperson Whitney-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 5-Yes, 0-No. Interview Candidates for Planning Board Vacancy and Vote on New Member- Joint Meeting with Planning Board Planning Board Chair Paul Wallace called the Planning Board meeting to order at 6:07pm, read the meeting participation statement and declared a quorum by announcing the Planning Board members. Candidate for the Planning Board vacancy, Alex Wentworth joined the meeting and introduced himself. The Planning Board members and the Select Board took turns asking Mr. Wentworth interview questions. Some of the questions asked included: The applicant’s experience including work and previous interactions with the Planning Board Why the applicant applied for the position at this time? How the applicant works on a team? How the applicant’s experience being a business owner that has submitted an application to the Planning Board will help in his decision making as a Board member? How will the applicant handle the outcome of certain cases that will not be favorable to many? How the applicant will vote, on what he feels is right or follow the bylaws? Planning Board member Charlotte Degen moved to approve Alex Wentworth to join the Planning Board. Madalyn Hillis-Dineen second. A roll call vote was taken. Amanda Bebrin-yes, Madalyn Hillis-Dineen-yes, Mark Koch-yes, Charlotte Degen- yes, Elizabeth Taylor-yes, Chair Wallace-yes. The Planning Board vote was 6-yes, 0-no. Selectperson Chaffee moved to appoint Alex Wentworth to the current vacancy on the Brewster Planning Board. Selectperson Hoffman second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Chaffee-yes, Selectperson Hoffmann- yes, Selectperson Chatelain-yes, Selectperson Whitney-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 5-Yes, 0-No. Planning Board member Madalyn Hillis-Dineen moved to adjourn at 6:28pm. Amanda Bebrin second. A roll call vote was taken. Amanda Bebrin-yes, Madalyn Hillis-Dineen-yes, Mark Koch-yes, Charlotte Degen- yes, Elizabeth Taylor-yes, Chair Wallace-yes. The Planning Board vote was 6-yes, 0-no. Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 BoS 03.07.2022 www.brewster-ma.gov Page 3 of 7 Office of: Select Board Town Administrator Vote to Open Spring 2022 Town Meeting Warrant and Vote on Articles Selectperson Chatelain moved to open the Spring Town Meeting Warrant for 2022. Selectperson Chaffee second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Whitney-yes, Selectperson Hoffmann- yes, Selectperson Chaffee-yes, Selectperson Chatelain-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 5-Yes, 0-No. Mr. Lombardi offered some details of each Article item prior to the Select Board vote. a.STM Article 3: Transition of Golf Department to Enterprise Fund Selectperson Chatelain moved to recommend approval of Article 3 for Special Town Meeting May 2022. Selectperson Hoffmann second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Chaffee-yes, Selectperson Chatelain- yes, Selectperson Hoffmann-yes, Selectperson Whitney-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 5-Yes, 0-No. b.ATM Article 5: Nauset Regional School Assessment Formula This is typically a consent agenda item for Town Meeting, we are required to have a Town Meeting vote. Selectperson Chatelain moved to recommend approval of Article 5 for Annual Town Meeting May 2022. Selectperson Hoffmann second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Chaffee-yes, Selectperson Chatelain- yes, Selectperson Hoffmann-yes, Selectperson Whitney-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 5-Yes, 0-No. c.ATM Article 8: Golf Capital Stabilization Fund This would create a new Capital Stabilization fund specific to the Golf Department, proposing to fund via a transfer of $400k in the FY23 golf department budget, to begin to grow the balance of the new fund. There is significant deferred capital and two major capital projects, the facility maintenance building, and updates to the irrigation system. Along with avoiding issuing debt, the other benefit of creating the fund is that once the debt is online for the irrigation system, we will avoid the need for any significant rate increases. Selectperson Chatelain moved to recommend approval of Article 8 for Annual Town Meeting May 2022. Selectperson Hoffmann second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Chaffee-yes, Selectperson Chatelain- yes, Selectperson Hoffmann-yes, Selectperson Whitney-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 5-Yes, 0-No. d.ATM Article 12: Water Quality Capital Stabilization Fund A new article, planning to include a transfer of $112,500 for 15% of our projected FY23 short- term rental revenues as an initial appropriation. Could appropriate additional revenues to help cover Brewster specific projects that are on the horizon. Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 BoS 03.07.2022 www.brewster-ma.gov Page 4 of 7 Office of: Select Board Town Administrator Selectperson Chatelain moved to recommend approval of Article 12 for Annual Town Meeting 2022. Selectperson Hoffmann second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Chaffee-abstain, Selectperson Chatelain- yes, Selectperson Hoffmann-yes, Selectperson Whitney-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 4-Yes, 0-No, 1-Abs e.ATM Article 13: Bond Premium Appropriation Over the past several fiscal years Town Meeting approved authorization to issue debt for a number of different capital projects, have since issued the debt and when the Town went out to market the interest rate, we secured one better than anticipated. The Town received premiums on the issuances that remain in a separate account, looking to take the balances and direct them to the road capital bond project, the account balance is $5.75M out of the initial $10M authorized by Town Meeting. Significant projects that have been identified in the Pavement Management Plan that was presented to the Select Board. Selectperson Chatelain moved to recommend approval of Article 13 for Annual Town Meeting 2022. Selectperson Hoffmann second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Chaffee-yes, Selectperson Chatelain- yes, Selectperson Hoffmann-yes, Selectperson Whitney-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 5-Yes, 0-No The next three articles are all typically consent calendar articles for Town Meeting. f.ATM Article 14: Special Revenue Fund: Cable Franchise Fee Recently renewed our license agreement contract with Comcast for another 10-year term, negotiated some terms more favorable to the Town. We have maxed out on operating expenses directed to the Town by Comcast. Typical expenditures for BGTV and for Lower Cape TV and any associated capital cost are paid from this account. Proposing to transfer $200k for FY23 based on what is available from prior appropriates and what their annual expenditures are. Selectperson Chatelain moved to recommend approval of Article 14 for Annual Town Meeting 2022. Selectperson Hoffmann second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Chaffee-yes, Selectperson Chatelain- yes, Selectperson Hoffmann-yes, Selectperson Whitney-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 5-Yes, 0-No g.ATM Article 15: Acceptance of Grants & Gifts Selectperson Chatelain moved to recommend approval of Article 15 for Annual Town Meeting 2022. Selectperson Hoffmann second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Chaffee-yes, Selectperson Chatelain- yes, Selectperson Hoffmann-yes, Selectperson Whitney-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 5-Yes, 0-No Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 BoS 03.07.2022 www.brewster-ma.gov Page 5 of 7 Office of: Select Board Town Administrator h.ATM Article 16: Repair & Resurface of Town Roads- Chapter 90 Funds For the Town to accept annual appropriation made by the State based on a formula looking at road miles of public way per Town. Typically, the State appropriates $200M to cities and towns, if this remains the same, we will receive between $310-$315k to be used on local road projects. There is a possibility that the Town will receive an additional one-time infusion on the order of at least $150k. Based on the Pavement Management Plan, the analysis recommended appropriating about $750k a year on our road projects to maintain the quality of road surface. Selectperson Chatelain moved to recommend approval of Article 16 for Annual Town Meeting 2022. Selectperson Hoffmann second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Chaffee-yes, Selectperson Chatelain- yes, Selectperson Hoffmann-yes, Selectperson Whitney-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 5-Yes, 0-No Vote to Close Town Meeting Warrant Selectperson Chatelain moved to close Special Town Meeting warrant and Annual Town Meeting warrant for May 2022. Selectperson Hoffmann second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Chaffee-yes, Selectperson Chatelain- yes, Selectperson Hoffmann-yes, Selectperson Whitney-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 5-Yes, 0-No Update on Feasibility of Potential Short-term Public Access to Sea Camps Properties (Select Board FY22-23 Strategic Plan Goal SC-4) Mr. Lombardi reviewed the memo that is included in the packet stating the importance of providing as much public access to the Sea Camp properties as possible and reasonable. Over the past few months, the Town has identified what is feasible in terms of finances, logistics and staffing for this summer at the Bay parcel. The focus has been on opening beach access for residents this summer, a plan has been developed with key departments. We are looking to open the beach by July 1, 2022 and will be repurposing the existing tennis courts to allow for parking of 50 vehicles. The Town has hired Coastal Engineering to design and permit the project, which includes extending the existing access road down to the tennis courts. Once the plans are finalized, they will be shared. There will be multiple hearings with the Conservation Commission, which should wrap up in early May, giving 7 weeks to get the work done. The Town feels we are making the right investments at relatively low costs to provide access to our residents. Mr. Lombardi noted that the Town is planning on using up to $150k of direct ARPA allocated funds to cover the one-time capital costs associated with this and to run the program. The Recreation Department will hire new seasonal employees for the resident only beach parking. The parking lot will be open 7 days a week from 8am – 8pm for July and August, no one will be permitted after 6pm, for risk and liability purpose we want to make sure the parking lot is empty by 8pm. The Town plans to host several events on the Bay property this summer, the Recreation Department will be taking the lead on these events. Events will include multiple movie nights, Brewster band performances and Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 BoS 03.07.2022 www.brewster-ma.gov Page 6 of 7 Office of: Select Board Town Administrator a Touch-a Truck event. Details will be coming soon. Mr. Lombardi noted that the swimming pool will not be available for use this summer based on several considerations, we are hopeful for summer of 2023. Selectperson Hoffmann asked is there a way for walk ins or bikers (and a place for a bike rack) who can prove residency to use the beach? Mr. Lombardi responded that details would need to be worked out but doesn’t think there would be an issue allowing walkers and bikers. Notification of Underpass Road Gas Main Replacement Project (Spring 2022)- Griffin Ryder, DPW Director It was noted that Underpass Road was paved about five years ago and that MA DOT has a five-year moratorium on cutting a road after it has been paved. Mr. Ryder provided details of project which include: National Grid and NEUCO submitted a cross alter permit in December and for the past couple of months have been working out the details of the permit. The gas company considers this a safety project, the pipe that exists has been in place since the mid- 80s and is made of plastic. There are issues with this type of pipe and there have been leaks. About a 2-month project and looking to start on March 14, 2022 The gas company sent out notification to their customers, the Town also notified everyone along the corridor, those on Yankee Drive, and the condominium on Snow Road. There has been communication with the Chamber of Commerce, the Stony Brook School, and Kings Landing Development. The entire western lane from curb to center line will be re-paved. The imprinted crosswalks will be redone in their entirety. Mr. Ryder pointed to the list of permit conditions that are located on page 150 of the public packet. He will be working closely with the Police Chief on traffic situations (details, detours, etc.) as the project gets underway. He will also coordinate the bike trail crossing section when the project is at that location. Selectperson Whitney asked if the gas company has notified the Town of any other locations that use the plastic piping? Mr. Ryder noted he knows this is not the case on Millstone, but will continue to work with the gas company to get confirmation if there are other locations. Update on Dog Park Project Department of Public Works Director Griffin Ryder provided the following updates on the Brewster Dog Park site. Noting that there has been a little delay with the winter weather, but it is currently picking back up. The park is in good shape, the DPW has helped with a lot of the projects at the site and coordination with the contractor. Mr. Ryder offered the following: Topcoat of paving still needs to be completed Each dog area has been cleared and the perimeter base is down for the walkways The fence posts are 95% installed The DPW has done some clean up on the outside of the park as well and is coordinating the landscaping and irrigation. Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 BoS 03.07.2022 www.brewster-ma.gov Page 7 of 7 Office of: Select Board Town Administrator The water elements are being finalized, noting that the Water Department has been great to work with and running water lines. Water bottle filling station and misting hydrants need to be installed. Friends of Brewster Dog Park are looking to install a shed that needs to be coordinated. Message boards, signage, and trash receptables all need to be finalized. Mr. Lombardi added, the Saturday May 21st date is a place holder for now. Will get word out to everyone about a formal ribbon cutting ceremony. For Your Information: No Comments Matters Not Reasonably Anticipated by the Chair: None Questions from the Media: None Next Meetings: March 14, March 21, April 4, April 25, May 9, and May 23, 2022 Adjournment Selectperson Chatelain moved to adjourn at 7:21pm. Selectperson Hoffmann second. A roll call vote was taken. Selectperson Chaffee-yes, Selectperson Chatelain- yes, Selectperson Hoffmann-yes, Selectperson Whitney-yes, Chair Bingham-yes. The Board vote was 5-Yes, 0-No. Respectfully submitted by Erika Mawn, Executive Assistant Approved: __________________ Signed: _________________________________________ Date Selectperson Chatelain, Clerk of the Select Board Accompanying Documents in Packet: Agenda, TA Report, Consent Agenda, Planning Board Application, Update on Short-term Public Access to Sea Camps Properties Documents, Underpass Road Gas Main Replacement Project documents, Dog Park Project memo, FYI documents. Day SEQ Dir Street TownMiles First,Last Rider Elpsd Time(Remarks) Signs GuideRte PD? Sun 1 223 R Setucket Rd. Yarmouth1.1 5:53 AM 8:05 AM 2:1230.5 Sun 1 224 S Setucket Rd. Dennis (South Dennis2.6 6:00 AM 8:24 AM 2:24 Old Bass River @ .9, Rt. 134 @ 1.6, 4-way Stop 33.1 Sun 1 225 S Setucket Rd. @ Airline Rd.Brewster1.8 6:05 AM 8:36 AM 2:3134.9 Sun 1 226 R Stony Brook Rd.Brewster0.8 6:07 AM 8:42 AM 2:35 bear R, Setucket becomes Stony Brook 35.7 Sun 1 227 S Main St. (Rt 6A)Brewster4.1 6:19 AM 9:11 AM 2:52 bear R 39.8 Sun 1 228 R Flax Pond. Rd. (Nickerson Pk)Brewster0.2 6:19 AM 9:12 AM 2:5340.0 Sun 1 229 ***BREWSTER WS (7)***Brewster 6:19 AM 9:12 AM 2:53 Nickerson State Park 40.0 Sun 1 230 S Cape Cod Rail Trail Brewster1.1 6:22 AM 9:20 AM 2:58 ***VANS 905 to 906*** 41.1 Sun 1 231 S Cape Cod Rail Trail Orleans0.6 6:24 AM 9:24 AM 3:00 Salty Ridge Rd. for 0.2 41.7 Sun 1 232 L West Rd. Orleans0.2 6:24 AM 9:26 AM 3:02 ***VANS RESUME*** 41.9 Sun 1 233 R Skaket Beach Rd. Orleans0.1 6:25 AM 9:26 AM 3:0142.0 Sun 1 234 L Skaket Beach Rd. Orleans0.3 6:25 AM 9:29 AM 3:0442.3 Sun 1 235 L Rock Harbor Rd. Orleans0.5 6:27 AM 9:32 AM 3:0542.8 Sun 1 236 R Rock Harbor Rd. Orleans1.0 6:29 AM 9:39 AM 3:1043.8 Sun 1 237 L Bridge Rd.Orleans0.2 6:30 AM 9:41 AM 3:11 Wrong Way44.0 Sun 1 238 S Bridge Rd.Eastham0.5 6:31 AM 9:44 AM 3:13 town line sign 44.5 Sun 1 239 R Bridge Rd.Eastham0.8 6:34 AM 9:50 AM 3:1645.3 Sun 1 240 L Herring Brook Rd.Eastham3.2 6:42 AM 10:12 AM 3:3048.5 Sun 1 241 R Oak Rd. Eastham0.2 6:43 AM 10:14 AM 3:3148.7 Sun 1 242 L Rt. 6 Eastham0.5 6:44 AM 10:17 AM 3:33 Easthan PD will cone a lane 49.2 Sun 1 243 R Railroad Ave. Eastham0.1 6:44 AM 10:18 AM 3:3449.3 Sun 1 244 L Cape Cod Rail Trail Eastham0.9 6:47 AM 10:24 AM 3:3750.2 Sun 1 245 S Cape Cod Rail Trail Wellfleet2.7 6:54 AM 10:43 AM 3:49 Marconi Station Rd. @ 1.9 52.9 2 of 405-Aug-21 PagePan-Mass Challenge MMA->PTI Archive d: Wednesday, March 16, 2022 9:42:05 AM From: Kathy Lambert Se nt: Mon, 28 Feb 2022 21:08:56 +0000Authentication To: Erika Mawn Subje ct: Fwd: Boston Tea Party Participant Commemoration Se ns itivity: Normal Attachme nts : Brewster, MA Boston Tea Party Participant Commemoration Proposal.pdf; Se nt from my iPad Begi n forwarde d message: From: Evan O'Bri e n <e obrien@bostonteapartyshi ps.com> Date: Fe bruary 28, 2022 at 4:07:41 PM EST To: Kathy Lambe rt <klambert@brewster-ma.gov> Subject: Boston Tea Party Participant Commemoration \u-257 ? Greeti ngs, I am wri ting on be half of the Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum and Re voluti on 250 re garding a special project that we are working on. Our museum i s undertaking the lofty goal of placi ng a comme morative marke r at the fi nal resti ng pl aces of every known Boston Tea Party participant in the nati on by the 250th anniversary of the Boston Tea Party—whi ch is comi ng up on December 16, 2023. Sears Cemete ry in Brewster, MA is believe d to be the final resting place of Boston Tea Party participant Edmund Sears, and we are hoping to work with the Town of Brewster and both the Bre wste r Ce me tery Commission and Historical Commission to pl ace a comme morative marker at his grave be fore the 250th annive rsary. Attached to this e mail i s a proposal and furthe r e xplanati on of our proje ct as well as some press clippings from pre vious comme morations so that you can ge t a se nse of what we’ve done i n the past with Boston, Cohasse t, Lynn, and Worcester, MA. Those eve nts were cove red by press, tv crews, etc. and ge ne rated a great deal of i ntere st i n the proje ct and the muni ci paliti e s invol ved. We would very much we l come the opportunity to work with the Town of Brewste r, the Historical Commission, and any othe r i nterested organizati on on this comme moration. I woul d be happy to answer any questions you have or provi de addi tional information. Please feel free to contact me at 617-531-6203 or at eobri e n@bostonteapartyshi ps.com . Thank you so much for your ti me and consi de ration. Best, Evan O’Bri e n Cre ati ve Manager Boston Te a Party Shi ps & Museum Office: 617-531-6203 Cell: 617-592-2927 eobri e n@bostonteapartyshi ps.com Boston Tea Party Participant Memorial Proposal: Sears Cemetery Brewster, MA Project Overview The Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum is gearing up to celebrate the 250th anniversary of the Boston Tea Party on December 16th, 2023. In honor of this important anniversary, the Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum hopes to commemorate the bravery of the Boston Tea Party participants by placing commemorative markers at the graves of known Boston Tea Party participants throughout the Commonwealth and the nation. Brewster, Massachusetts holds the final resting place of Boston Tea Party Participant: • Edmund Sears b.1712–d.1796 Buried in Sears Cemetery With the town’s blessing, we hope to place a commemorative marker at the gravesite of Edmund Sears in the Sears Cemetery. Pending approval, we can be extremely flexible with the timeframe for installation. Additionally, we welcome the opportunity to hold a brief ceremony—in partnership with town of Brewster, and any other affiliated historical organizations—when placing this commemorative marker to celebrate the town’s history and connection to the Boston Tea Party story. Long Term Mission This project began in 2018 as the Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum worked with the City of Boston and the Historic Burying Grounds Initiative to place these commemorative markers at the graves of Boston Tea Party participants in the burying grounds along Boston’s Freedom Trail. These markers help visitors to the Central, King’s Chapel, the Granary, and Copp’s Hill Burying Grounds recognize the names of the citizens that took part in The Boston Tea Party, one of the most important events leading up to the American Revolution. This project has been hugely successful in Boston and the media interest was substantial. The story was picked up by the Associated Press and garnered more than 200 million impressions across 173 worldwide media outlets! This project will continue to grow and develop as we rapidly approach the 250th anniversary of the Boston Tea Party in 2023. By that year, it is the plan of the Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum to have placed a commemorative marker at the grave of every known Boston Tea Party participant across the United States. Markers Design The commemorative markers are brass with a diameter of 6in. Each marker is attached to a metal stake and features a cast relief inspired by Nathaniel Currier’s 1846 The Destruction of the Tea at Boston Harbor lithograph, a well-known and often used representation of the Boston Tea Party. These markers can be installed temporarily or permanently, and with or without additional signage (see below) depending on the wishes of the city. Below are examples of markers and signage placed in 2018. Temporary signage placed in Copp’s Hill Burying Ground 2018 Grave of Tea Party Participant Nathaniel Barber in Copp’s Hill Burying Ground 2018 Grave of Boston Tea Party Participant Thomas Crafts in King’s Chapel Burying Ground 2018 Grave of Boston Tea Party Participant Paul Revere in the Granary Burying Ground 2018 Grave of Boston Tea Party Participant Josiah Snelling in Copp’s Hill Burying Ground and close up on commemorative marker 2018. Additional Information Since the inception of this project, The Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum has placed markers and held ceremonies in Cohasset, MA, Boston, MA, Lynn, MA, Gardner, MA, Sturbridge, MA, Harvard, MA, Medford, MA, and Worcester, MA. Accompanying this proposal is press coverage from the Boston Globe and Patriot Ledger, covering some of these events. We are currently in the process of setting dates with several other municipalities for 2022. We’d love to add Brewster to that list! Below you will find links to some videos of news broadcasts that aired following these commemorations. Cohasset, MA: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bvzyMEgW_3w Worcester, MA: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Igqe_OCZzZc Lynn, MA: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5wi9wfqpHXI Thank you for your time and consideration. Best, Evan O’Brien Phone: 617-531-6203 Creative Manager Email: eobrien@bostonteapartyships.com Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum SUNDAY Rain and snow 41° / 30° SATURDAY Mostly sunny 41° / 31° TODAY Windy 48° / 25° Business ...................................... A6 Classified .................................... C6 Comics .........................................B8 Deaths .........................................B4 Lotteries .......................................C5 Puzzles ...................................C6, C7 Home delivery: 800-922-8200 News tips: 508-793-9245 or newstips@telegram.com @telegramdotcom Facebook.com/TheTelegram $3Our 153rd yearWorcester, MassachusettsFriday, November 22, 2019 SPORTS | C1GILLETTE AT STAKESpringfi eld Central and St. John’s will square off in a Division 3 state semifi nal at 6:30 p.m. Friday at Tantasqua Regional in Sturbridge LOCAL | B1 WORLD CHAMPION When Katie McMillan was 6, she broke a board with a karate chop at the Millbury Community Block Party and fell in love with the sport LIVING | A8‘NEIGHBORHOOD’ WORTH VISITINGWho doesn’t love Mr. Rogers? That’s both the rationale and the challenge for any fi lmmaker attempting to make a movie about the beloved children’s television icon Worcester School Committee sees promising movement on strategic plan, but schools missed some 2019 targets By Scott O’Connell Telegram & Gazette Staff WORCESTER – The schools had mixed success reaching their targets in the long-term strategic plan the School Committee adopted last year, according to a second quarterly report Superintendent Maureen Binienda delivered at Thursday night’s School Committee meeting. The strategic plan, developed by city organizations, independent of the School Committee, during 2017 and 2018, is intended to guide dis- trict decision-making and identify priorities through 2023. It also pro- vides a list of data benchmarks the district must reach every two years. The administration gave its first progress report on implementing the strategic plan in July, but did not have much information yet on whether it reached many of those benchmarks because of official data not being available at the time. Thursday’s report showed the district is doing well in some areas, like reducing chronic absentee- ism and student discipline rates, increasing the hiring of diverse new staff, and expanding digital learn- ing access; the schools exceeded the 2019 target in each of those cases. The district missed its targets for increasing math scores and reduc- ing the number of underperforming schools, however. It also fell short of the per pupil spending goal for 2019, although that was because of circumstances beyond the School Department’s control, since school funding is mostly based on the state’s foundation budget formula. Some School Committee mem- bers were encouraged by the report, including John Monfredo, who said it shows the school system “is moving in the right direction … this is progress.” He cited in particular the district’s success in lowering the chronic absenteeism rate to 13.8 percent last school year, below even the 2023 goal of 14 percent, for example. Committee member Dianna Biancheria was happy with the recent expansion of state-approved Chapter 74 vocational programs in Board gets update on district’s progress By Gary V. Murray Telegram & Gazette Staff WORCESTER - David K. Njuguna, the Webster man con- victed of manslaughter and motor vehicle homicide in a 2016 crash on the Massachusetts Turnpike that resulted in the death of State Trooper Thomas L. Clardy, was sentenced Thursday to 5 to 7 years in state prison. On Nov. 12, after a jury-waived trial in Worcester Superior Court, the 33-year-old Njuguna was found guilty of involuntary manslaugh- ter, motor vehicle homicide while driving recklessly or negligently, driving so as to endanger and driv- ing an uninsured motor vehicle. According to testimony in the case, Njuguna was behind the wheel of an uninsured 2011 Nissan Maxima that crashed into the rear of Clardy’s cruiser on March 16, 2016, on the turnpike in Charlton. Clardy, a 44-year-old father of seven from Hudson, was conducting a motor Njuguna gets 5 to 7 years in Trooper Clardy deathDavid Njuguna awaits his sentence Thursday in Worcester Superior Court. He was convicted of manslaughter and motor vehicle homicide in the 2016 death of Trooper Thomas Clardy. [T&G STAFF/RICK CINCLAIR]By Cyrus MoultonTelegram & Gazette StaffWORCESTER - Their names may not be familiar among the list of patriots in Revolutionary Massachusetts.But their participation in one of that era’s most important events - the Boston Tea Party - has recorded the names of Peter Slater Jr. and Benjamin Tucker Jr. in history.Thursday, local historians commemorated the men’s final resting places in Hope Cemetery.“These names belong to people who are just as important to our region’s history as Paul Revere, Samuel Adams, John Adams, and John Hancock,” Evan O’Brien, creative manager of the Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum, said in a ceremony Thursday after-noon. “These ordinary citizens did extraordinary things and are worthy of our recognition.” The Boston Tea Party occurred Dec. 16, 1773, when patriots protested “taxation without representation” by dumping 340 chests of tea imported by the British East India Co. into Boston Harbor. The event - billed as the first major act of defiance by colonists against British rule - catalyzed the colonists’ fight for independence, and the story is as well known by local schoolchildren as historians. But not a lot is known about the more than 100 colonists believed to have participated in the event. Many were sworn to secrecy - after all, as O’Brien noted, British authorities viewed it as a treason- ous act - and a large percentage of participants were not well known patriots but common tradesmen, young adults and apprentices. Indeed, the event was not cel- ebrated for many years. Even the term Boston Tea Party didn’t get published until 1826, O’Brien Patriots honored with plaques ‘It’s another way to bring history alive ... not just in Boston but throughout Massachusetts.’ Worcester City Manager Edward M. Augustus Jr. Boston Tea Party markers fl ank Peter Slater’s grave in Hope Cemetery in Worcester, where the Boston Tea Party Ships and Museum provided recognition Thursday. [T&G STAFF PHOTOS/CHRISTINE PETERSON] Costumed Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum actors Kristin Harris, right, Michael Barry, center, and Scott Tourtellot honor tea party participants with grave markers Thursday in Hope Cemetery in Worcester. See TEA PARTY, A4 See NJUGUNA, A4 See SCHOOLS, A4 A4 Friday, November 22, 2019 TELEGRAM & GAZETTE | telegram.comthe state, which Binienda cov-ered in Thursday’s report.“We’re certainly a step ahead of many of the districts in Massachusetts” in that area, she said, adding she believes vocational education will be an important part “of what we do for our students in the future.”Committee member Jack Foley said the administration could improve the format of the quarterly progress reports, however, and made several requests for further information about items raised in the report, including an update from the School Department on the potential increase in state aid Worcester will see from the passage this week of the Legislature’s long-awaited education funding reform bill.After the progress report, meanwhile, committee member Dante Comparetto delivered a much harsher assessment of the current state of the school system, which he said “still has an accountability problem” due in part to leader-ship that is unreflective of the city’s diverse population.He made a slew of requests of Mayor Joseph Petty and the district administra-tion at Thursday’s meeting, including consideration of a change to the city’s at-large system for electing the School Committee. Several audience members also spoke in sup-port of that change, saying the current system excludes racial minorities and has resulted in an all-white committee being elected yet again earlier this month.The committee ended up filing Comparetto’s motion.Scott O’Connell can be reached at Scott.O’Connell@telegram.com. Follow him on Twitter @ScottOConnellTGSCHOOLSFrom Page A1 said. But the Tea Party Ships & Museum in Boston hopes to acknowledge the known par- ticipants by marking their graves in time for the 250th anniversary of the event in 2023. As part of that effort, historical re-enactors and representatives of the museum traveled to Hope Cemetery to place commemorative plaques at Tucker’s and Slater’s graves on Thursday. “It’s another way to bring history alive ... not just in Boston but throughout Massachusetts,” City Manager Edward M. Augustus Jr. said at the graveside ceremony. And Augustus noted that Worcester had a large role in that colonial history, reciting the story of another act of defi- ance that is less familiar - but arguably more consequential - than the Boston Tea Party. That is the Worcester Revolution of 1774, when roughly 5,000 militiamen from towns throughout Worcester County marched to Main Street in Worcester and successfully shut down the courthouse before the new British-controlled courts could open to sit for a new session. The Crown’s appoin- tees disavowed their roles and recanted their oaths of office as they were marched down Main Street in front of the assembled militiamen. “Not a shot had been fired,” Augustus said. “But British rule was overthrown.” It is not known whether Slater and Tucker participated in that event. But they have been docu- mented as participants in the Boston Tea Party, according to the museum. Slater was an apprentice to ropemaker William Gray in Boston on that historic December night in 1773. In fact, he was so young that he was locked in his room to pre- vent him from attending the tea party. But he sneaked out, and joined others at Griffin’s Wharf to help “unload” tea from three British ships. “One account tells that (Slater) spotted someone stuffing their coat pockets with tea, and using a knife, cut open the pockets to render the tea destroyed,” O’Brien said. Slater moved with his mother to Worcester soon after the Battle of Bunker Hill, enlisted in the Continental Army at 16, fought at the Battle of Brandywine and spent a winter at Valley Forge with George Washington. Slater spent time as a prisoner of war and served briefly under Benedict Arnold’s last com- mand. He lived the rest of his life in Worcester and had a large family. Much less is known about Tucker. But it is known that he was born in Leicester and was one of the first chartered members of the First Baptist Church in Worcester. He died in September 1806. “Our hope is that these markers placed here in Hope Cemetery and throughout the commonwealth will encour- age visitors to remember and reflect upon the deeds of the common yet critically important citizens that are inexplicably tied to the forma- tive years of our region and our nation,” O’Brien said. “(The Boston Tea Party’s) principles and values speak through the generations and ideas of pro- testing against injustice and tyranny are things that we can understand and relate to even 246 years later.” TEA PARTY From Page A1 vehicle stop at the time of the crash and his cruiser was in the breakdown lane with its emer-gency lights flashing.He died as a result of his inju-ries. Njuguna, whose car was said to be going at least 80 mph at the moment of impact, was injured.Prosecutors alleged that Njuguna was driving while under the influence of mari-juana at the time of the collision, but Judge Janet Kenton-Walker, who pre-sided over the bench trial, found him not guilty of man-slaughter while driving under the influence of marijuana and motor vehicle homicide while driving under the influence of marijuana.There was evidence that Njuguna bought four pre-rolled marijuana cigarettes at a medical dispensary in Brookline about an hour before the crash, that marijuana was found in his vehicle and that tests on blood drawn from him at the hospital showed he had THC, a component of mari-juana, in his system.Kenton-Walker found that the prosecution had not met its burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that Njuguna’s ability to drive safely was impaired by his consumption of marijuana, although she also found that he had smoked “a portion” of a marijuana cigarette on the day in question.The judge said the evidence did not support the opinion of an expert witness for the defense that Njuguna suffered a stroke or “convulsive epi-sode” just before the collision.In a courtoom packed with out-of-uniform state troopers, members of Clardy’s family and others, Assistant District Attorney Jeffrey T. Travers recommended Thursday that Njuguna be sentenced to 10 to 12 years’ imprisonment. The prosecutor said Njuguna was driving with “a high degree of recklessness” and “an absolute disregard for the public safety” when his vehicle plowed into Clardy’s cruiser.“He’s a good person. He did a bad thing,” said Njuguna’s lawyer, Peter L. Ettenberg, who asked the judge to impose a sentence of 3½ to 5 years, which he said was in keeping with advisory sentencing guidelines. He noted that his client had “no other court experience.”Ettenberg prefaced his remarks by turning to the gallery and saying he, his co-counsel, Jaclyn R. Greenhalgh, and Njuguna extended their condolences to Clardy’s family and his state police colleagues.“He’s flawed like all of us, but he’s still a good person, just like Tom Clardy,” Ettenberg said of Njuguna.Clardy family photos were displayed on a courtroom monitor during the plea hear-ing, and the trooper’s widow, Reisa Clardy, and other family members read emotional impact statements.“Words alone cannot describe the loss, the emptiness and the pain I feel every day, that we all feel every day, without Tom here,” his widow said.“On that tragic day in March, we lost our strength, our calm and our laughter. We lost a man with a big heart, full of life and joy,” she said. “Never again will I hear the sound of his black boots walking through the door after a long shift, reassuring me he was safely home.”Clardy’s oldest son, Tyler, said his sadness over the loss of his father was most intense during “the smaller and quieter moments.“That is where I most miss my father. The little moments. Those times of comfort, humor and joy. The times of connection when everyone is together and happy. The times of relishing in shared interests. The times of intimate and more personal milestones. Those are gone, forever lost and snuffed away,” he said.“My dad was my hero,” said Gabryella Clardy, 14 at the time of her father’s death.“I am now 18 and my father has missed so much of my life. He has missed holidays and birthdays. He was not here to teach me to drive, to see me get my license or my first job. He missed my high school gradu-ation, and being accepted into college, something I know he would be extremely proud of. I ask myself every day, how is it possible that one day my father was here and now he is gone forever,” she said.“I cannot bring you com-fort. I cannot bring you peace. I cannot take the day away. I cannot make it right,” Kenton-Walker said before handing down her sentence of 5 to 7 years. Njuguna was given credit for 1,283 days he had already spent in custody.“This case is a tragic reminder that state troopers face sig-nificant danger even when performing duties that, on their face, do not appear dangerous,” Kenton-Walker said in her written findings and rulings.Col. Christopher Mason, superintendent of the state police, released a written statement in response to the sentencing of Njuguna.“First and foremost, we are painfully cognizant that no sentence can return Trooper Clardy to those who loved him and love him still. This loss can never be restored, and everyone who loved or worked with Tom would prefer that the law allow for a sentence much more com-mensurate with the taking of a life under these circumstances. Nonetheless we are aware of the sentencing guidelines pre-scribed by the law and we are grateful for the court’s consid-eration of the severity of this offense. As we move forward, we continue to look toward and be guided by Tom’s example as a family man and a Massachusetts State Trooper, and our thoughts and hearts are, as ever, with his loved ones.”NJUGUNAFrom Page A1 Reisa Clardy, widow of Trooper Thomas Clardy, with her son Tyler Clardy at her side, reads a victim impact statement Thursday before David Njuguna is sentenced in Worcester Superior Court. [T&G STAFF/RICK CINCLAIR] A museum employee fi xes a marker on the grave in Worcester’s Hope Cemetery of Benjamin Tucker of Leicester. [T&G STAFF/CHRISTINE PETERSON] Christopher Tourtellot, of Gardner, and his father Scott, Tourtellot, of Oakham, fi re their reproduction muskets in honor of tea party participants buried in Hope Cemetery in Worcester Thursday. [T&G STAFF/CHRISTINE PETERSON] 11t6t2019 Revolutionary War patriots who took part in Boston Tea Party honored with markers at cemetery - The Boston Globe RevolutionaryWar patriots who took part in Boston Tea Partyhonoredwith markers atcemetery By Emily Sweeney Globe Staff, November 4, 2019, 12:56 p.m. Kristin Harris of Salem carried a marker to the gravesite of James Stoddard during a ceremony honoring Boston Tea Party participants at Cohasset Central Cemetery on Monday. NIC ANTAYA F0R THE BOSTON GLOBE Colonial re-enactors and local officials gathered at Cohasset Central Cemetery Monday morning to place commemorative markers at the graves of two Revolutionary War patriots who participated in the Boston Tea Party. https://www.bostonglobe.com lmelrol2Ol9l'11/04/revolutionary-war-patriots-who-took-bostontea-party-honored-with-markers-cemetery/RUFl42tgyWoO... 114 111612019 Revolutionary War patriots who took part in Boston Tea Party honored with markers at cemetery - The Boston Globe James Stoddard and Abraham Tower were among the hundreds of rebels who took part in the Boston Tea Party on Dec. 16, L7Tg. Many of the men who participated in the historic event never received recognition because they "took an oath of secrecy to their graves," said Shawn Ford, the executive director of the Boston Tea Parly Ships & Museum. "These were tradesmen, fishermen, ca{penters, shopkeepers....they weren't really well known," he said. But their contributions were important to shaping the history of the country. "The Boston Tea Party was the single most important event leading up to the American Revolution," he said. t>ADVERTISING aaa@ aurcr AN SUV LINEUP DESIGNED AROUND YOU EXPLORE BUICK *-) The museum plans to place a total of 85 markers at the graves of known Boston Tea ParV participants in November and December, he said. The graves are located in cemeteries throughout Boston, on the North and South Shore and Worcester. The young men who took part in the Boston Tea Party came from all walks of life, and many of them disguised themselves as Indians to hide their identities on that fateful https://www.bostonglobe.com lmelrol2O19l11l04/revolutionary-war-patriots-who-took-boston-tea-party-honored-with-markers-cemetery/RUFlA2tgyWoO... 214 111612019 Revolutionary War patriots who took part in Boston Tea Party honored with markers at cemetery - The Boston Globe night of Dec. 16th, L77S when they went down to Griffin's Wharf in Boston to destroy cargo owned by the British East India Company. It was an act of protest that changed the course of history. Stoddard was 17 and Tower was 2l years old at the time. Jacqueline Dormitzer, chairwoman of the Cohasset Historical Commission, said that after they smashed and dumped chests of tea into the harbor, Stoddard stayed overnight at an inn in Boston. She said Stoddard got tea leaves caught in his clothing and was worried that he might get caught. "He left a trail [of tea] in his room, and maybe elsewhere," she said. "He high-tailed it out of there." Tower was a shipbuilder and fisherman, and Stoddard was a shipwright. They both went on to fight in the Revolutionary War. Dormitzer was happy to see Stoddard and Tower remembered for their role in the Boston Tea Parby. "We're very honored to have these men commemorated," she said. "We're very proud. We had a beautiful day for the ceremony." December marks the z46th anniversary of the Boston Tea Party, and in honor of the occasion a reenactment will be held on Dec. 16 from 6:3o to 8:3o p.m. at the Old South Meeting House and the Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum. This event is free and open to the public. "It begins with a fiery tea tax debate at Old South Meeting House, the actual historic hall where the colonists gathered to protest taxation without representation," museum officials said in a press release. "Then, the public joins a lively procession, led by multiple fife and drum corps, to the waterfront, and witnesses as the Sons of Liberty destroy https://www.bostonglobe.com lmetrol2019l11104/revolutionary-war-patriots-who-took-bostontea-party-honored-with-markers-cemetery/RUFlA2tgyWoO... 314 11t6t2019 Revolutionary War patriots who took part in Boston Tea Party honored with markers at cemetery - The Boston Globe actual tea into Boston's historic waters at the Boston Tea ParLy Ships & Museum located over the same body of water where The Boston Tea ParW took place 246years ago!" The public is invited to send loose tea that will be thrown by reenactors during the anniversary event. Mail dried loose leaf tea (do not mail used tea bags) to: Boston Tea ParW Ships & Museum, 306 Congress St., Boston, MA o22ro, and include your name, address, e-mail and phone number. each person who sends tea will receive an official certificate of participation. The deadline to participate is Dec. ro. For more information on the anniversary event, visit www. decemberl 6. org. Emily Sweeney can be reached at esweeney@globe.com. Follow her on Twitter @emilysweeney ! sno*comments 02019 Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC https://www.bostonglobe.com lmelrol2O19l11/04/revolutionary-war-patriots-who-took-boston-tea-party-honored-with-markers-cemetery/RUFlA2tgyWoO... 414 Metro THE BOSTON GLOBE TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 2019 | BOSTONGLOBE.COM/METRO B Last week, my father-in- law, Frank Rock, reached a milestone: he turned 90. He grew up in West Roxbury and while a kid in his neighborhood, Kevin White, went on to become mayor, Frank had his eyes set far away from Boston. He became an FBI agent and worked all over the country. A half-century ago, he was assigned to the New York office, where he helped keep an eye on a big shot Mafioso named Paul Castellano. Castellano ran the Gambino crime family like any 9-to-5 job.He left his 17- room house on Staten Island, headed over the Verrazano for a leisurely day of crime, then returned to the gaudy, mar- ble-encrusted mansion he built on the ridgeline of Todt Hill to resemble the White House. Castellano’s nephew, Richard, was an actor who played the role of Clemenza, the hitman who kills about half the cast in “The Godfather.” Richard Castellano had the privilege of uttering the greatest line in a mob movie, after one of his henchmen shoots Paulie Gatto in the head for betraying Don Corleone: “Leave the gun, take the cannoli.” Robert DeNiro was supposed to play Paulie Gatto, but after Al Pacino quit his role in the movie based on Jimmy Bres- lin’s book, “The Gang That Couldn’t Shoot Straight,” Pacino took the role of Michael Corleone and DeNiro won the part Pacino had ditched. Like a lot of guys who chased the Ma- fia, Frank Rock thought Breslin’s absur- dist take on the Mafia was closer to reali- ty than Francis Ford Coppola’s master- piece. While acknowledging its cinematic brilliance, Frank was leery of the way “The Godfather” made amoral people seem almost noble. Paul Castellano was old school. He never made it personal between him and the lawmen who pursued him. He could be pleasant, when it was in his interest. He was also of the opinion that selling drugs and wanton violence were not good for business. Still, my father-in-law said Castellano was venal and ruthless. Castellano or- dered people taken out the way others order take-out pizza. Castellano had his daughter’s boyfriend, Vito Borelli, whacked because Borelli had compared Castellano to Frank Perdue, the chicken magnate who had the misfortune of looking like the product he sold. Perdue had asked Castellano for help in pre- venting workers at one of his plants from unionizing. Castellano also had his abusive for- mer son-in-law, Frank Amato, whacked. I got lucky. The worst my father-in- law ever did to me was serve Genesse Cream Ale on his sailboat. Castellano was ahead of his time, pushing the Mafia into legitimate busi- nesses, such as concrete, which you could never have too much of lying around in case somebody was inclined to talk to the government. Castellano was also a firm believer in cross-community outreach, forming a pact with the Westies, the Irish-Ameri- can gang from Hell’s Kitchen, knowing the Irish guys were crazy enough to kill anybody. My father-in-law retired from the FBI some 40 years ago. Castellano retired from the Mafia in 1985, at the age of 70, quite unwillingly, outside a Manhattan steak house called Sparks, which is what the guns used to kill him produced as he fell to the sidewalk on East 46th Street. Castellano’s successor, John Gotti, watched the assassination from across the street. The Mafia is a shell of itself, thanks to the good work of good guys like Frank Rock. Now, in all those states where the Mafia once controlled gambling, includ- ing Massachusetts, the biggest bookie in the state is the state. Paul Castellano died prematurely of an occupational hazard. Frank Rock has lived a long, fruitful life. Unlike the wise guys he chased who ended up in prison cells or early graves, Frank was a real man of honor. He spent his 90th birthday surround- ed by his three surviving children, a half- dozen of his grandchildren, and two of his great-grandchildren. After blowing out the candles on his cake, he looked around and said, simply, “I feel blessed.” Kevin Cullen is a Globe columnist. He can be reached at cullen@globe.com. Areal man of honor Kevin Cullen By Kay Lazar GLOBE STAFF The chasm between supply and potential demand for child care is so wide across much of Boston that in some neighborhoods, there aren’t enough seats for roughly half the children, according to a new report from the Boston Op- portunity Agenda. Only about one in four children under the age of 5 has access to high-quality programs, as defined under state and national stan- dards, the report found. That shortage is most pronounced in Roslindale, West Roxbury, and Hyde Park, which lack high-quali- ty slots for nine out of every 10 children, the report found. The report from the Boston Op- portunity Agenda, a public/private partnership focused on education, provides what child-care advo- cates say is the first detailed pic- ture of some of the most vexing challenges in the city’s early educa- tion and care programs. “One of the biggest problems Boston has tried to solve is,how many children are we trying to serve? In some communities, they don’t even know, and are blaming each other” for gaps and surplus- es, said Amy O’Leary, a director at Strategies for Children, a Massa- chusetts organization that advo- cates for high-quality early educa- tion programs. The report found child-care shortages are most acute for chil- dren aged 2 and younger, with the biggest squeeze in East Boston, where there are only enough slots for 1 in 10 infants. The richest sup- ply, researchers said, is in the Back Bay and Beacon Hill, where the gap is less than half that size. Early education programs are somewhat easier to find for chil- dren between 3 and 5 years old be- cause of preschool and public kin- dergarten easing the care crunch. While gaps still exist in some Bos- ton neighborhoods, the report found that there is actually a sur- plus of about 1,233 slots citywide. But one problem is inescapable: the high cost of care. Federal guidelines define affordable care as care that costs no more than 10 percent of a family’s income. By that standard, the average cost of infant care is unaffordable for all CHILD CARE, Page B6 City faces asevere child-care shortage Report: Highcosts also put programs out of reach By Emily Sweeney GLOBE STAFF C olonial reenactors and local offi- cials gathered at Cohasset Cen- tral Cemetery Monday morning to place commemorative markers at the graves of two Revolution- ary War patriots who participat- ed in the Boston Tea Party. James Stoddard and Abraham Tower were among the hundreds of rebels who took part in the Boston Tea Party on Dec. 16, 1773. Many of the men who participated in the his- toric event never received recognition because they “took an oath of secrecy to their graves,” said Shawn Ford, the executive director of the Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum. “These were tradesmen, fishermen, carpen- ters, shopkeepers....theyweren’treallywell known,” he said. But their contributions were important to shaping the history of the country. “The Boston Tea Party was the single most important event leading up to the American Revolution,” he said. The museum plans to place a total of 85 markers at the graves of known Boston Tea Par- ty participants in November and December, he said. The graves are located in cemeteries throughout Boston, on the North Shore, South Shore, and in Worcester. The young men who took part in the Boston Tea Party came from all walks of life, and many of them disguised themselves as Native Ameri- cans to hide their identities on that fateful night of Dec. 16th, 1773, when they went down to Griffin’s Wharf in Boston to destroy cargo owned by the British East India Company. It was an act of protest that changed the course of history. At the time, Stoddard was 17 and Tow- er was 21. Jacqueline Dormitzer, chairwoman of the TEA PARTY, Page B7 GRAVESITE HONOR FOR PATRIOTS OF BOSTON TEA PARTY NIC ANTAYA FOR THE BOSTON GLOBE Kristin Harris of Salem carried a marker to the gravesite of James Stoddard during a ceremony honoring Boston Tea Party participants at Cohasset Central Cemetery on Monday. By Robert Weisman GLOBE STAFF Scientists at Harvard’s Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering have used a combina- tion of three longevity-associated genes, delivered through a one- time injection, to dramatically improve or reverse multiple age- related diseases in mice. The findings, published Mon- day in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, a prestigious scientific journal known as PNAS, suggest that targeting aging “holis- tically” through gene therapy holds the promise of eventually staving off a long list of age-related diseases in humans that today are treated separately. Researchers at George Church’s Wyss Institute Lab in Boston’s Longwood Medical Area reported the combination gene therapy, which used a type of virus as a de- livery vehicle, reversed diabetes and obesity in mice. The therapy DRUG, Page B6 Harvard studies aging-gene therapy By Deirdre Fernandes GLOBE STAFF Women are leading Massachu- setts colleges and universities in increasing numbers, but they remain under-represented at the state’s most elite academic institu- tions, according to the results of a new study released Monday. Women hold presidencies at 34 of 92 institutions, or 37 percent, up from 31 percent in 2018, according to the Eos Foundation, which con- ducted the women’s power gap study. But at the 17 public and private doctoral universities, which include such heavy hitters such as MIT, Harvard, Northeastern, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst, women make up only 22 percent of the presidents. Women of color remain shut out at the top of the leadership ladder: They represent only six of the 34 female college presidents, none of the doctoral university presidents, and none of the board chairs of the state’s 25 public institutions. Many colleges and universities are making strides toward gender parity, and half of the 14 presidents appointed during the 2019 aca- COLLEGES, Page B7 Number of female leaders lags at mostelite Mass. colleges By Shelley Murphy and Travis Andersen GLOBE STAFF A judge ruled Monday that Na- than Carman “made improper and faulty repairs” to his boat that con- tributed to its sinking three years ago during a fishing trip with his mother, who disappeared at sea and is presumed dead. US District Judge John J. McCo- nnell Jr., who presided over a two- week civil bench trial in federal court in Rhode Island, found that Carman wasn’t entitled to collect $85,000 from two insurers because his alterations caused the 31-foot Chicken Pox to become unseawor- thy and “directly or indirectly” caused it to sink. Carman, 25, who lives in Ver- mont, has been at the center of sep- arate investigations into the 2013 murder of his grandfather and the death of his mother. Lawyers for the insurers alleged in court filings that Carman sabotaged the boat to kill his mother and had previously killed his grandfather in a scheme to collect a multimillion-dollar in- heritance. John Chakalos, an 87-year-old real estate developer who was shot to death in his Connecticut home, left a $44 million estate to his four daughters, including Carman’s mother, Linda. CARMAN, Page B6 Carman responsible for sinking Judge finds he caused problems with boat in 2016 MICHAEL DWYER/ASSOCIATED PRESS/FILE 2016 Nathan Carman “made improper and faulty repairs” to his boat before a fishing trip with his mother, a judge ruled Monday. Institutions that were or remain women’s colleges performed the best, including Emmanuel College (top) and Wellesley College. Sister Eisner Paula Johnson TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 2019 The Boston Globe Metro B7 Lottery MONDAY MIDDAY 7-5-5-8 Payoffs (based on a $1 bet) EXACT ORDER All 4 digits $5,508 First or last 3 $771 Any 2 digits $66 Any 1 digit $7 ANY ORDER All 4 digits $459 First 3 $257 Last 3 $257 MONDAY NIGHT 4-0-1-7 Payoffs (based on a $1 bet) EXACT ORDER All 4 digits $4,801 First or last 3 $672 Any 2 digits $58 Any 1 digit $6 ANY ORDER All 4 digits $200 First 3 $112 Last 3 $112 MASS CASH Nov. 04 09-23-25-30-32 Jackpot: $100,000; no winners LUCKY FOR LIFE Nov. 04 28-34-42-44-48 Lucky Ball 15 Jackpot: $1,000 a week for life ; winners PREVIOUS DRAWINGS Midday Night Sunday 6-7-7-3 6-0-2-6 Saturday 1-7-3-5 6-8-9-8 Friday 6-6-9-1 3-4-3-1 MONDAY NUMBERS AROUND NEW ENGLAND Maine, N.H., Vermont Day: 3-digit 002 4-digit 2201 Eve: 3-digit 362 4-digit 3343 Rhode Island 5857 Connecticut 3-digit 327 4-digit 7263 News CONTACTS, TIPS, COMMENTS Switchboard: (617) 929-2000 (617) 929-7400 newstip@globe.com comments@globe.com SPOTLIGHT TEAM TIP LINE (617) 929-7483 Customer service PRINT AND DIGITAL (888) 694-5623 customerservice@globe.com Advertising DISPLAY (617) 929-2200 bostonglobemedia.com CLASSIFIED (617) 929-1500 boston.com/classifieds City Retail Other 7-day home delivery $25.90 25.90 25.90 Sunday-only home delivery $10.00 10.00 10.00 Daily single copy $3.00 3.00 3.00 Sunday single copy $6.00 6.00 6.00 Today is Tuesday, Nov. 5, the 309th day of 2019. There are 56 days left in the year. Birthdays: Actor Harris Yulin is 82. Actress Elke Som- mer is 79. Singer Art Garfunkel is 78. Singer Peter Noone is 72. TV personality Kris Jenner is 64. Actress-comedian Mo Gaff- ney is 61. Actor Robert Patrick is 61. Singer Bryan Adams is 60. Actress Tilda Swinton is 59. Actor Michael Gaston is 57. Ac- tress Tatum O’Neal is 56. Ac- tress Andrea McArdle is 56. Ac- tor Sam Rockwell is 51. Radio- head guitarist Jonny Greenwood is 48. Country sing- er-musician Ryan Adams is 45. Actor Luke Hemsworth is 39. Rock musician Kevin Jonas (The Jonas Brothers) is 32. ºIn 1605, the ‘‘Gunpowder Plot’’ failed as Guy Fawkes was seized before he could blow up the English Parliament. ºIn 1940, President Frank- lin D. Roosevelt won an unprec- edented third term in office as he defeated Republican chal- lenger Wendell L. Willkie. ºIn 1946, John F. Kennedy was elected to the US House of Representatives from the 11th District of Masschusetts. ºIn 1968, Republican Rich- ard M. Nixon won the presiden- cy, defeating Democratic Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey and American Independent candidate George C. Wallace. ºIn 1974, Democrat Ella T. Grasso was elected governor of Connecticut, becoming the first woman to win a gubernatorial office without succeeding her husband. ºIn 1990, Rabbi Meir Kah- ane, the Brooklyn-born Israeli extremist, was shot to death at a New York hotel. (El Sayyed Nosair was convicted of the slaying in federal court.) ºIn 1994, former president Reagan disclosed he had Al- zheimer’s disease. ºIn 2006, Saddam Hussein was convicted and sentenced by the Iraqi High Tribunal to hang for crimes against humanity. ºIn 2009, a shooting ram- page at the Fort Hood Army post in Texas left 13 people dead; Major Nidal Hasan, an Army psychiatrist, was later convicted of murder and sen- tenced to death. ºIn 2014, a day after sweep- ing Republican election gains, President Obama and incoming Senate majority leader Mitch McConnell pledged to try to turn divided government into a force for good rather than grid- lock. ºIn 2017, a gunman opened fire in a small South Texas church, killing more than two dozen people; the shooter, Devin Patrick Kelley, was found dead in a vehicle after he was shot and chased by two men who heard the gunfire. (An au- topsy revealed he died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound.) ºLast year, the United States reimposed all sanctions on Iran that had been lifted un- der its 2015 nuclear deal with world powers. This day inhistory demic year were women, said Andrea Silbert, the president of the Eos Foundation and the study’s lead author. “The opportunity is within reach for the higher education sector to become the first major industry in Massachusetts to reach gender parity,” Silbert said in a statement. But there are still 30 colleg- es and universities that have never had a female president, according to the report, includ- ing the Berklee College of Music. Some faculty at Berklee are hoping that will change soon. Berklee just launched a presi- dential search to replace outgo- ing leader Roger Brown, who announced he will step down in 2021. It’s the first time the college has searched for a new presi- dent in 16 years, and women faculty members recently de- manded that they have a say in finding the school’s new leader. Nearly 20 female faculty members signed onto a letter to the administration last week calling for female professors to be named to the search com- mittee. While there were wom- en on the search committee, most were members of the board of trustees or adminis- tration. “We are concerned that the experience, knowledge, and in- uCOLLEGES Continued from Page B1 sight that women faculty can bring to the search will be ab- sent from the search process,” said Janet Chwalibog, a litera- ture professor at Berklee and one of the cofounders of the school’s Feminist Faculty Alli- ance, which penned the letter. “We are also concerned that the lack of gender parity will be re- produced in the search and its outcome.” Late Monday afternoon, Berklee agreed to expand the search committee and include a female faculty member. According to Eos, finding women to run colleges and uni- versities shouldn’t be hard. Women make up nearly half of the provosts and deans at in- stitutions statewide, suggesting that the leadership “pipeline is full” of candidates who could eventually take on the role of president of a college or univer- sity, according to the study. The study, which is in its second year, also ranks colleges and universities by how well they do in including women in the leadership teams and boards and how well they com- pensate women compared with men. Institutions that were or re- main women’s colleges per- formed the best, including Bay Path University, Simmons Uni- versity, Emmanuel College, Wellesley College, and Mount Holyoke College. Boston College, a Catholic institution in the Jesuit tradi- tion, received the fewest points. MIT and Merrimack Col- lege, also a Catholic college, were tied for second-to-last place in the rankings of private institutions. UMass Amherst received the fewest points for gender parity among the state universities, even though half the students enrolled on the campus are women, according to the report. The Eos Foundation con- cluded that MIT, Merrimack, BC,and the Hult International Business School are in need of urgent attention. The schools should give “serious consider- ation to immediate changes to improve women’s representa- tion on their leadership teams, boards, and among their high- est paid professionals,” the re- port states. BC did not participate in the survey, but it supports a diverse leadership and has hired wom- en for vice president and aca- demic dean roles, said Jack Dunn, a spokesman for the col- lege. But many of the college’s presidents, provosts, and deans are from the Jesuit religious order and are male, Dunn said. BC applauds “the intention of the survey, but the methodol- ogy does not take into account that a religiously affiliated in- stitution sponsored by a reli- gious order of males, would likely have a higher number of males in positions of leader- ship,” Dunn said. At MIT, where women make up almost 40 percent of the stu- dent body, gender concerns have taken on a new urgency. In recent months, in the wake of revelations that MIT took money from convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, wom- en have complained that they feel disrespected and sidelined at the top research university. The Eos study also exam- ined wages at the state’s colleg- es and universities and found that women in leadership roles in community colleges and smaller private colleges were earning as much as men. Still, the top 10 earners on college and university campus- es in Massachusetts are largely men, including the BC football ($2.5 million) and basketball ($1.5 million) coaches, two leaders of MIT’s investment arm ($2.1 million and $1.8 mil- lion each), and the presidents of Boston University ($1.8 mil- lion) and Northeastern Univer- sity ($1.5 million), according to the report. The compensation data is from 2017 and is the most recent publicly available information. Former Harvard president Drew Faust was among two women who cracked the top 10 list, earning $1.5 million; the other woman was a Harvard Business School faculty member who made $1.8 million that year. Laurie Leshin, the president of Worcester Polytechnic Insti- tute, said institutions must be deliberate and keep these is- sues on the forefront to ensure progress, otherwise there is a risk of sliding back. That is es- pecially true at more elite doc- toral universities, where the bureaucracy is large and slower to change. “You can never let up,” she said. Deirdre Fernandes can be reached at deirdre.fernandes@globe.com. Follow her on Twitter @fernandesglobe. Cohasset Historical Commis- sion, said that after participants smashed and dumped chests of tea into the harbor, Stoddard stayed overnight at an inn in Boston. She said Stoddard got tea leaves caught in his clothing and was worried that he might get caught. “He left a trail [of tea] in his room, and maybe elsewhere,” she said. “He high-tailed it out of there.” Tower was a ship- builder and fisherman, and Stoddard was a shipwright. They both went on to fight in the Revolutionary War. Dormitzer was happy to see Stoddard and Tower remem- bered for their roles in the Bos- ton Tea Party. “We’re very honored to have these men commemorated,” she said. “We’re very proud. We had a beautiful day for the ceremo- ny.” December marks the 246th anniversary of the Boston Tea Party, and in honor of the occa- sion a reenactment will be held on Dec. 16 from 6:30 to 8:30 p.m. at the Old South Meeting House and the Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum. This event is free and open to the public. “It begins with a fiery tea tax debate at Old South Meeting House, the actual historic hall where the colonists gathered to protest taxation without repre- sentation,” museum officials said in a press release. “Then, the public joins a lively proces- sion, led by multiple fife and drum corps, to the waterfront, and witnesses as the Sons of Liberty destroy actual tea into Boston’s historic waters at the Boston Tea Party Ships & Muse- um located over the same body of water where The Boston Tea Party took place 246 years ago!” The public is invited to send loose tea that will be thrown by reenactors during the anniver- sary event. Mail dried loose leaf tea (do not mail used tea bags) to: Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum, 306 Congress St., Bos- ton, MA, 02210, and include your name, address, e-mail, and phone number. Each per- son who sends tea will receive an official certificate of partici- pation. The deadline to partici- pate is Dec. 10. For more information on the anniversary event, visit www.december16.org. Emily Sweeney can be reached at esweeney@globe.com. Follow her on Twitter @emilysweeney. uTEA PARTY Continued from Page B1 Number of female leaders lags ateliteMass.colleges Gravesite honorfor Tea Party patriots By Travis Andersen GLOBE STAFF Lawyers for Robert Kraft ar- gued last week that “everyone loses” if a Florida appellate court accepts prosecutors’ “perverse view of the law” and reverses a lower court ruling that quashed video footage that allegedly showed the Pats owner paying for sexual favors at a spa. “Government could run roughshod over privacy and constitutional rights while evading scrutiny and check” if prosecutors win the appeal pending in the Fourth District Court of Appeal, Kraft’s law- yers wrote in a filing submitted Oct. 31. “That outcome would be directly counter to the Con- stitution, civil liberties, and the rule of law.” Kraft, 78, is charged with two misdemeanor counts of so- liciting prostitution stemming from his visits on two consecu- tive days in January to the Or- chids of Asia Day Spa in Jupi- ter, Fla. The billionaire has pleaded not guilty and denied engaging in illegal activity. Police had obtained a war- rant to secretly equip the spa with hidden cameras that al- legedly showed Kraft and a number of other men paying women to perform sexual acts on them during massage ses- sions. In their Halloween filing, Kraft’s legal team reiterated their assertion that the war- rant was deeply flawed, in part because it failed to instruct po- lice to avoid filming people get- ting legitimate massages dur- ing the multiday sting, a legal principle known as minimiza- tion. “Were the State’s perverse view of the law accepted, the minimization requirement would be gutted: criminal de- fendants could not raise mini- mization failures, and virtually no one else would be posi- tioned to complain, let alone obtain redress,” Kraft’s attor- neys wrote. “Law enforcement would have no incentive to re- main within constitutional bounds when injecting the most invasive forms of surveil- lance into the most sensitive settings.” A spokesperson for Attor- ney General Ashley Moody’s of- fice didn’t immediately re- spond to an e-mail seeking comment Monday morning. Moody’s office said in their appeal brief filed last month that Kraft’s guilt is “a virtual certainty” and that the warrant passed legal muster. According to Moody’s office, the search warrant met federal legal thresholds “ . . . which to- gether require only that the warrant be issued by a neutral and detached magistrate, be predicated on a showing of probable cause, and be particu- larized as to the place to be searched and items to be seized.” Moody’s office said that of the 39 recordings of customers at the spa, only four failed to capture any criminal conduct. And, prosecutors wrote, none “of those four individuals were recorded naked.” Two of them were men and two were wom- en. Travis Andersen can be reached at travis.andersen@ globe.com. Follow him on Twitter @TAGlobe. Kraft’s lawyers slam Fla. warrant BOSTON SIMONS IMAX THEATRE New England Aquarium, Central Wharf 617-973-5200 58DIG www.neaq.org AUSTRALIA'S GREAT WILD NORTH (NR) 1:00, 5:00 HIDDEN PACIFIC (NR)11:00, 4:00 OCEANS: OUR BLUE PLANET (NR)10:00, 2:00 TURTLE ODYSSEY (NR)12:00, 3:00 BROOKLINE COOLIDGE CORNER THEATRE 290 Harvard St. 617-734-2500 56 www.coolidge.org HARRIET (PG-13)11:00, 2:00, 4:45, 7:15, 9:30 THE LIGHTHOUSE (R)11:30, 1:30, 4:10, 6:35, 9:45 PARASITE (R)1:00, 4:00, 7:00, 9:55 PAIN AND GLORY (R)11:15, 1:45, 4:15, 9:15 BOSTON OPEN SCREEN (NR)G 7:00 LEXINGTON LEXINGTON VENUE 1794 Massachussetts Ave. 781-861-6161 56IAD DOL DSS http://lexingtonvenue.com/ PA RASITE (R)3:45, 6:30 DOWNTON ABBEY (PG)6:45 LINDA RONSTADT: THE SOUND OF MY VOICE (PG-13)4:15 INFO VALID 11/05/19 ONLY The Boston Globe Movie Directory is a paid advertisement. Listings appear at the sole discretion of each cinema. Towns may ap- pear out of alphabetical order so that listings will remain unbroken from column to column Bargain show times are shown in parentheses() Restrictions apply/No Passes G Handicapped accessible5 8 Stadium Seating 6 Hearing Impaired Rear Window CaptioningI DOL Dolby Stereo DIG Digital Sound DSS Dolby Surround Sound Descriptive Video ServiceK Audio DescriptionAD Give the gift of joy to your children If you need Globe Santa to deliver gifts to your children this holiday season, visit globesanta.org or call 617-929-2002 to see if your family qualifies. NEW ADDRESS & SUBMISSION DEADLINE! Send your letter & completed verification form by November 23, 2018 to: Globe Santa | Attn: Family Gift Requests 300 Constitution Drive | Taunton, MA 02780-7378 NEW! Nantucket Lightship LV-112 awarded ‘Save America’s Treasures’grant The Nantucket Lightship LV-112, a historic floating lighthouse museum berthed in its homeport of Boston, has been awarded a “Save America’s Treasures” grant from the National Park Service, in partner- shipwiththeInstituteofMuseum and Library Services, the National Endowment of the Humanities, and the National Endowment for the Arts. Nantucket Lightship LV-112 will receive a $487,500 grant to restore internal structural components, critical to maintaining the integrity of the ship’s hull and ability to remain open to the general public for decadestocome.ItisthelargestU.S. lightship ever built. Formoreinformation,visit www.NantucketLightshipLV-112.org ADVERTISEMENT VOTED NEW ENGLAND’S BEST DAILY NEWSPAPER The South Shore’s Newspaper Since 1837 TUESDAY | NOVEMBER 5, 2019PATRIOTLEDGER.COM $2 DRESSING UP FIDO IN SCITUATE LEDGERLAND 11 MORTALITY, MOBSTERS AND FILMS ARTS & MORE 9 WEATHER Tonight: Clouds early, Low:42 Tomorrow: Sunny, High:51 Low:41 DETAILS, INSIDE | PAGE 8 LOCAL OFFICER CHASING SUSPECT HIT BY SUV AT SOUTH SHORE PLAZA A police officer suffered minor injures after she was hit by an SUV at South Shore Plaza while trying to apprehend a shoplifting suspect on Saturday night. PAGE 11 NATION FORMER ENVOY SAYS SHE WAS TARGETED BY TRUMP ALLIES Laying out the anatomy of a chilling smear cam- paign, former U.S. Ambas- sador to Ukraine Marie Yovanovitch told House investigators in a tran- script released Monday that Ukrainian officials had warned her in advance that Rudy Giuliani and other allies of President Donald Trump were planning to “do things, including to me” and were “looking to hurt” her. PAGE 2 INDEX Arts & More 9 Classified 19, 20 Comics 18 Dear Abby 8 Editorial 4 Locals 11-13 Obituaries 6 Sports 15-17 TV listings 8 Quincy, Braintree, Wey- mouth and Randolph vot- ers head to the polls today to decide races for mayor, city council, school committee and other town positions. Polls are open today until 8 p.m. For a list of polling places, visit wheredoivot- ema.com or call your city or town clerk. For late- breaking election news, go to patriotledger. com. DIDYOU VOTE TODAY? THERE’SSTILLTIME HHH YOUR VOTE 2019 By Colin A. Young STATE HOUSE NEWS SERVICE PLYMOUTH – Federal regulators have signed off on a request to exempt the now- closed Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station from certain emer- gency planning and prepared- ness requirements, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission an- nounced Monday. Soon after the federal agen- cy announced its decision, U.S. Sen. Edward Markey called it “shocking” and said he plans to introduce legisla- tion in the U.S. Senate to “cor- rect this wrong.” The NRC said its approval exempts the Plymouth plant, which stopped generating electricity on May 31 after helping to power the region since 1972, from federal re- quirements “that are no longer appropriate for the plant now that it has permanently ceased operations.” The agency said its decision is “consistent with NRC action for previous de- commissioning plants.” The exemptions were first requested in August by En- tergy, the company that has since sold the plant to Holtec International. In its request, Entergy said the exemptions “would elim- inate the re- quirement for the licensee to maintain formal offsite radiological emergency preparedness plans, but would still require the licensee to maintain certain onsite capabilities to commu- nicate and coordinate with off- site response authorities.” The NRC said its staff “evaluated and confirmed” the analyses submitted by En- tergy “to show the exemptions are warranted.” State and lo- cal governments will be able to rely on “all hazard” plan- ning for off-site emergency response to events at the plant instead of having a dedicated off-site radiological emergen- cy plan. As a result, the NRC said, there will no longer be a Feds exempt Pilgrim from some emergency plans FILE PHOTO ■The now-closed Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station in Plymouth. NRCsaysthere’snoneedfortherequirementsforthe now-shutterednuclearpowerplant;Markeytofightmove By Colin A. Young STATE HOUSE NEWS SERVICE Hundreds of convenience stores plan to close all day Wednesday while store owners rally to oppose a pro- posed ban on menthol cigarettes and “demonstrate the critical role (the stores) play in providing vital resourc- es to communities,” organizers said. Members of the Boston Conve- nience Store Own- ers Association and other independent stores across the state – about 1,000 of them in total, according to orga- nizers – on Mon- day posted notices informing custom- ers of the closures and explaining “the risks associated with such a ban in- cluding the failure of proposed bans to prevent minors from accessing and using tobacco, racial inequality, food security and crime.” The association plans to rally on the steps in front of the State House at noon on Wednesday. The conversation around banning flavored tobacco and vaping products has put a spotlight on the question of banning menthol cigarettes, and re- tailers have mounted a campaign that included a rally last week on City Hall Plaza featuring about 100 store own- ers and a retired federal law enforce- ment official. The Ways and Means committees of both branches are reviewing legis- lation (H 4089/S 2357) based on a bill originally filed by Sen. John Keenan of Quincy and Rep. Danielle Gregoire of Marlboro to ban the sale of all fla- vored tobacco products, including mentholated cigarettes. Legislative leaders have mostly avoided saying whether they view menthol as a flavor that ought to be banned, but public health advocates Stores to close in protest of proposed ban on menthol cigarettes Sen. Keenan sponsored bill INSIDE ■A.G. Healey files motion to suspend Pilgrim license transfer PAGE 5 ■This brass plaque was put on the graves ofTea Party participants. HONORING AMERICA’S GREG DERR PHOTOS/THE PATRIOT LEDGER ■Members of theTea Party Ship and Museum,Tim Lawton, James Dunn and Kristin Harris, who act as historical interpreters, place a marker at the grave of AbrahamTower in Cohasset on Monday, ORIGINAL PATRIOTS By Sue Scheible THE PATRIOT LEDGER COHASSET They were farmers, fishermen, common tradesman and young apprentices who joined together on Dec. 16, 1773, to protest injustice and tyranny. By throwing 340 chests of tea into Bos- ton Harbor over 3½ hours, they took a bold action that came to be viewed by some “as the single most important event leading up to theAmerican Revolution.” And of the 100-plus Massachusetts men who par- ticipated in the BostonTea Party, three came from Cohasset:AbrahamTower, 20, a master shipbuilder, farmer and fisherman; James Stoddard, 17, an ap- prentice in a grist mill in Boston, and Jared Joy, 24. On Monday, leaders of the BostonTea Party Ships & Museum in Boston came to Cohasset Central Cemetery to honor the upcoming 246th anniversary of the Boston Tea Party and place com- memorative markers on the graves of two of the three participants:Tower and Stoddard.A marker will be placed later at the grave of Jared Joy in Cohasset’s Beechwood Cemetery. “We hope the markers will encourage visitors to remember, pause and reflect on the deeds of the common, yet critically important citizens tied to formative years of our nation,” Evan O’Brien of Weymouth, creative manager of the BostonTea Party Ships & Museum said at the ceremony. TheTea Party Museum joined with officials from the Cohasset Historical Commission and Cen- BostonTeaPartyparticipantsrecognizedatCohassetCemetery MENTHOLS/PAGE 5 PILGRIM/PAGE 5 TEA PARTY/PAGE 5 PATRIOTLEDGER.COM TUESDAY,November 5, 2019 The Patriot Ledger 5 By Christine Legere THE CAPE COD TIMES BOSTON–AttorneyGener- al Maura Healey has asked the U.S. Appeals Court to put the Nuclear Regulatory Commis- sion’s approval of the license transfer for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station on hold until her pending suit against the com- mission has been settled. Healeysuedthecommission in federal court in late Sep- tember, asking it to overturn its August license transfer ap- proval and an accompanying exemption to use the plant’s $1.1 billion decommissioning trust fund for nondecommis- sioning activities. In her request for a stay Oct. 28, Healey argued that she would likely prevail in the suit, which accuses the commis- sion of violating the Atomic Energy Act, National Envi- ronmental Policy Act and the commission’s own regulations by approving Pilgrim’s license transfer from Entergy Corp. to Holtec International without providing “the commonwealth with a meaningful opportunity to participate in the process.” If the stay is not granted, the attorney general said, the com- monwealth and its citizens will suffer harm “due to the immedi- ate start of decommissioning ac- tivities by a licensee that is nei- ther technically nor financially qualified to perform the work.” The environmental impacts of 1,400 truckloads of radio- logical waste that has been anticipated by Holtec “vastly exceeds” the commission’s estimate of 671 shipments used in its prior generic envi- ronmental impact statement for decommissioning nuclear power plants. The money in the decom- missioning trust fund, Healey noted, came from ratepayers. “In effect, the NRC has per- mitted Holtec to take millions in Massachusetts ratepayer money as private profit while depriving the fund of money needed to ensure the success- ful radiological decommission- ing of Pilgrim,” Healey wrote in her motion. “Once Holtec spends the trust fund money there is no clear path to recover it because the trust fund – by design – is Holtec’s only asset.” State officials had made several unsuccessful attempts to have a voice in the license transfer process. In February, the Executive Office of Energy and Environ- mentalAffairsandtheattorney general’s office filed a petition to intervene in the commis- sion’s review. They questioned Holtec’s financial ability to decommission Pilgrim and called for a full environmental review of the reactor site be- fore decommissioning. State officials also demand- ed a public hearing. When the commission approved the li- cense transfer six months later, the agency still had not acted on the petitions to intervene in the license review. The attorney general’s of- fice unsuccessfully asked the commission for a hold on the license transfer during the sum- mer to allow state officials time toreachasettlementagreement with the plant owner. The day before the transfer approval, the attorney gen- eral sent a seven-page letter to the commission questioning Holtec’s truthfulness, citing the company’s admission to brib- ery of a Tennessee Valley Au- thorityemployeein2007.More recently, state officials in New Jersey froze a $260 million tax break secured by Holtec when they discovered the company had lied on its application, the attorney general said. After the license transfer approval was announced, the attorney general submitted an application for a stay to the commission. “The commonwealth has not even obtained a ruling on its stay application, filed al- most two months ago,” she wrote in her motion. Spokesman Neil Sheehan said the commission declined to comment on the motion due to pending litigation. Patrick O’Brien, spokesman forComprehensiveDecommis- sioning International, a joint company formed by Holtec and SNC Lavalin to decommis- sion Pilgrim and several other plants, issued the following statement on behalf of Holtec: “The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has concluded that Holtec met the required regulatory, legal, technical and financial requirements to qualify as licensee. While we respect the petitioner’s rights to file legal motions, we are not going to comment on any spe- cific legal motions or action.” Attorney general files motion to suspend Pilgrim license transfer N ATION/F ROM P AGE O NE 10-mile emergency planning zone as called for in Pilgrim’s license. “When compared to an operating power reactor, the risk of an offsite radiological release is significantly lower and the types of possible ac- cidents are significantly fewer at a nuclear power reactor that has permanently ceased opera- tions and removed fuel from the reactor vessel,” the NRC said in its announcement. The news did not sit well with Markey, who had written to the NRC in September with U.S. Sen. Elizabeth Warren and U.S. Rep. William Keat- ingtourgethenuclearpower overseers to reject the request to be exempted from emergen- cy planning requirements. “Pilgrim should not get an exemption for key emergency preparedness and planning regulations while dangerous nuclear spent fuel is still cool- ing in open pools and threat- ening local residents,” Mar- key said in a statement. “The NRC’s decision is shocking but not surprising to all of us who have watched how the public’s concerns have been consistently ignored during the decommissioning process at the Pilgrim plant.” The NRC said that all spent fuel from Pilgrim “has been permanently moved from the reactor vessel into the spent fuel pool for storage.” But Mar- key argued that Pilgrim’s spent fuel pool was designed to hold 880 fuel assemblies, but today is holding more than 2,300. “I plan to reintroduce legis- lation that would correct this wrong, move nuclear fuel into safer dry cask storage, and ensure that key protections remain for Plymouth and any community living in proxim- ity to nuclear waste,” Markey said. NRC to exempt Pilgrim from some emergency plans PILGRIM/FROM PAGE 1 FILE PHOTO ■Attorney General Maura Healey is fighting the license transfer for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station. have argued that a flavor ban would be ineffective if it doesn’t address menthols. The push for a ban on fla- voredtobaccoproductscomes as high rates of e-cigarette use among Massachusetts teens and the prevalence of vap- ing worry health officials. Advocates and supporters of the ban say flavored tobacco and vape products are geared toward teens; 80 percent of high school tobacco users say they’ve used a flavored prod- uct in the last 30 days, they said. Gov. Charlie Baker declared vapingapublichealthemergen- cy in September in response to a series of reports linking lung disease with the use of vaping products. What followed was a temporary four-month ban on the sales of vaping products, including those using tobacco or marijuana. Massachusetts health offi- cials reported a second vaping death in the state on Oct. 30. MarylouSudders,secretaryof Health and Human Services, said the resident was a woman in her 40s from Middlesex County. The state previously said a woman in her 60s from Hampshire County died of a vaping-related illness. Information from the Asso- ciated Press was used in this report. Store owners to protest proposed menthol tobacco ban MENTHOLS/FROM PAGE 1 Cemetery in the event. Cos- tumed colonial actorsTim Lawton of Woburn and James Dunn of Medford portrayed Tower and Stoddard, respec- tively. Monday’s commemorative ceremony was the first of a dozen that will be held over the next two months in Bos- ton, Cambridge, Medford, Charlestown, Marblehead, Lynn, Salem and Worcester. The museum will place the commemorative markers on the graves of 85 known BostonTea Party participants at selected burying grounds in the state, some of them among among the oldest in the country. O’Brien said the Boston Tea Party is now enacted around the world. He noted that JohnAdams called it “the most magnificent move- ment of all,” and said Royal GovernorThomas Hutchin- son recognized its impor- tance as “the boldest stroke yet struck inAmerica” two years before Lexington and Concord. “We all know the story, but do you know the names of those involved in this iconic moment inAmerican his- tory?” O’Brien said. The goal of the commemo- rative events is to have the names and actions “reverber- ate as strongly today as they did in 1773.These names belong to people who are just as important to the region’s history as Paul Revere, John Adams, SamAdams and John Hancock,” O’Brien said. In remarks before the plac- ing of the markers, Jacque- line Dormitzer, chairwoman of the Cohasset Historical Commission, gave a concise history of Cohasset’s role and said the town was honored to be the site of firstTea Party commemorative event. “Three young men took a stand in the Tea Party to protest taxation without rep- resentation,” she said, noting that in 1773 Cohasset was a small farming, fishing and shipping community of some 750 people. Rick Towle, president of Cohasset Central Cemetery, spoke about the many impor- tant people and town settlers buried in the original Cohas- set burial ground, including 133 Pratts, 130 Towers and 144 Bates. Shawn Ford, executive di- rector of the Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum, said the group hopes to hold similar recognition events for partici- pants buried throughout New England and in other states as far west as Chicago over the next four years. The 246thAnniversary of the Boston Tea Party will include a major reenact- ment from 6:30 to 8:30 p.m. Monday, Dec. 16, at the Old South Meeting House, 310 Washington St., Boston. More than 100 reenactors from across New England will theatrically recreate the famous evening.The event is free and open to the public. Tea Party veterans honored TEA PARTY/FROM PAGE 1 GREG DERR PHOTOS/THE PATRIOT LEDGER ■A crowd gathers for the ceremony recognizing AbrahamTower and James Stoddard, who took part in the 1773 BostonTea Party. ■The grave ofTea Party participant AbrahamTower. By Jill Colvin ASSOCIATED PRESS WASHINGTON – President Donald Trump has accused former Vice Presi- dent Joe Biden of major ethical lapses and railed against Biden’s son for alleg- edly profiting off his father’s office. But on Monday, Trump used his Twit- ter feed to publicize a new book by his eldest son, Donald Trump Jr., telling his 66.5 million followers that they should “Go order it today!” “My son, @DonaldJTrumpJr is com- ing out with a new book, “Triggered: How the Left Thrives on Hate and Wants to Silence Us” – available tomorrow, No- vember 5th!” Trump wrote on Monday, calling it a “great new book that I highly recommend forALL to read.” That kind of promotional tweet would be a violation of ethics rules if it had come from any federal employee other than the president, said Liz Hempowicz, the director of public policy at the Project on Government Oversight, a nonpartisan government watchdog group. “Frankly he’s using his Twitter account to try to financially benefit his son,” she said Monday. “That’s not only distaste- ful, but it’s a misuse of public office and it wouldbeanofficialmisuseofpublicoffice if it was anyone other than the president.” The tweet also highlights a well-prac- ticed tactic of Trump trying to turn a weakness into an attack on his opponents. In this case, Trump has zeroed in on Biden’s son Hunter, going as far as to ask foreigngovernments,includingUkraineand China,toinvestigatetheBidenfamily’sbusi- nessdealings.Thoseeffortshelpedsparkthe impeachment inquiry into his conduct. Biden is a leading contender for the Democratic nomination and could face Trump in the general election next year. “The Biden family was PAID OFF, pure and simple!”Trump insisted in a tweet last month, despite no evidence suggesting that the former vice president received any pay- ments or that Hunter Biden did anything illegal. The younger Biden has acknowl- edgedhedisplayedpoorjudgmentwhenhe took a post on the board of a Ukrainian en- ergy firm, Burisma, after his fatherbecame the Obama administration’s point person on U.S.-Ukraine relations. Hunter Biden also recently said that he would step down from the board of direc- tors of a Chinese-backed private equity firm because his service had become a “distraction.” Trump is repeating the playbook he used during his 2016 campaign, when he tried to paint his then-Democratic rival Hillary Clinton as corrupt and trustwor- thy, mixing legitimate criticism of her past with unfounded conspiracy theories. Trump is the first president in modern history who has failed to divest from his business holdings. He makes frequent trips to his for-profit golf clubs, continues to col- lect dues at his members-only properties, and hosts fundraisers and foreign delega- tions at hotels that bear his family’s name. And his sons continue to operate his company, at one point trying to launch a lower-budget hotel chain they hoped would appeal toTrump voters. Trumpplugsson’sbookwhile accusingBidensofself-dealing ASSOCIATED PRESS ■President DonaldTrump speaks to members of the media on the South Lawn of the White House on Monday on his way to a campaign rally in Kentucky. Archive d: Wednesday, March 16, 2022 9:37:16 AM From: James Jones Se nt: Tue, 1 Mar 2022 20:41:34 +0000Authentication To: Erika Mawn; Emily Sumner; Griffin Ryder Subje ct: RE: Boston Tea Party Participant Commemoration Se ns itivity: Normal Attachme nts : 20211015 - DRAFT.docx; Good afte rnoon, The Cemete ry Commission received thi s request in Septe mbe r 21 approve d thi s at the October 15th . 2021 meeting. The de ci si on was suppose d to be forwarde d (sorry i t di dn’t happen) to you to put on the Se l e ct Board Agenda for approval . I have attached the meeting mi nutes for re fere nce for the Board, the person being honore d is related to Austin Sears who works for the DPW and the l ate He nry Se ars (Austi n’s Grandf athe r) who worke d at the Fire De partment as we l l . If needed the Cemetery Commission (or at l e ast a member) coul d atte nd the meeti ng along with Evan if the Board wishes. Ji mmy From: Eri ka Mawn <emawn@brewster-ma.gov> Se nt: Monday, Fe bruary 28, 2022 4:23 PM To: Emi l y Sumner <e sumne r@brewster-ma.gov>; Grif fin Ryder <gryder@bre wste r-ma.gov>; James Jones <jjones@bre wste r-ma.gov> Subje ct: FW: Boston Te a Party Parti ci pant Comme moration Hi Al l , We re ce i ved this e mail request thi s afternoon. Can you revi e w with the Cemetary Commi ssi on and let us know their thoughts on this project? Thank you, Erika Erika Mawn Executi ve As s i s ta nt to the Town Admi ni s tra tor 2198 Ma i n Street Brews ter, MA 02631 (508) 896-3701 ext. 1100 www.brews ter-ma .gov Beginning July 6th, Brewster Town Offices will be open to the public Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday from 8:30 to 4:00pm. For the latest updates on Town services, please visit www.brewster-ma.gov From: Kathy Lambert <kl ambert@brewster-ma.gov> Se nt: Monday, Fe bruary 28, 2022 4:09 PM To: Erika Mawn <e mawn@bre wster-ma.gov> Subje ct: Fwd: Boston Te a Party Parti ci pant Comme moration Se nt from my iPad Begi n forwarde d message: From: Evan O'Bri e n <e obrien@bostonteapartyshi ps.com> Date: Fe bruary 28, 2022 at 4:07:41 PM EST To: Kathy Lambe rt <klambert@brewster-ma.gov> Subject: Boston Tea Party Participant Commemoration \u-257 ? Greeti ngs, I am wri ting on be half of the Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum and Re voluti on 250 re garding a special project that we are working on. Our museum i s undertaking the lofty goal of placi ng a comme morative marke r at the fi nal resti ng places of eve ry known Boston Tea Party participant in the nati on by the 250th anniversary of the Boston Tea Party—whi ch is comi ng up on December 16, 2023. Se ars Cemete ry in Brewster, MA is believe d to be the final resting place of Boston Tea Party participant Edmund Sears, and we are hoping to work with the Town of Brewster and both the Bre wste r Cemetery Commission and Historical Commission to pl ace a commemorative marker at hi s grave be fore the 250th annive rsary. Attached to this e mail i s a proposal and f urthe r e xplanati on of our proje ct as well as some press clippings from pre vious comme morations so that you can ge t a sense of what we’ve done i n the past with Boston, Cohasse t, Lynn, and Worcester, MA. Those eve nts were cove red by press, tv crews, etc. and generated a great deal of i ntere st i n the proje ct and the muni ci paliti es involved. We would very much we l come the opportunity to work with the Town of Bre wste r, the Historical Commission, and any other i nterested organi zati on on this comme moration. I woul d be happy to answer any questions you have or provi de addi tional information. Please feel free to contact me at 617-531-6203 or at eobri e n@bostonteapartyshi ps.com . Thank you so much for your time and consi de ration. Best, Evan O’Bri e n Cre ati ve Manager Boston Te a Party Shi ps & Museum Office: 617-531-6203 Cell: 617-592-2927 eobri e n@bostonteapartyshi ps.com Brewster Cemetery Commission October 15, 2021 Minutes - Draft Present: Members: James Jones, Sophia Sayigh, Thomas Rogers 1.Open meeting: Meeting called to order at 2:01 pm by Thomas Rogers. 2.Thomas Rogers declared that we have a quorum. 3.Remote meeting participation statement read by Thomas Rogers. 4.Approval of 9/17/2021 Minutes: Sophia Sayigh motioned to approve the minutes as distributed; James Jones seconded; Thomas Rogers, James Jones, and Sophia Sayigh in favor of approving minutes. 5.DPW report: General cleanup continues. There has been one cremation interment at Pine Grove and one cremation interment at Brewster Memorial. 6.Budget review: No change. 7.Sales: None. 8.Layout of Area C: John O’Reilly plans to mark out the hearse road on October 21, 2021. After that it will be possible to make a final determination of the blocks and numbering. Markers and rebar have been ordered to go in the ground. 9.Boston Tea Party Participant Memorial Proposal: The Boston Tea Party Ships and Museum would like to place a commemorative marker at the grave of known Boston Tea Party participant Edmund Sears (b.1712–d.1796) at Sears Cemetery. Sophia Sayigh moved to allow placement of a commemorative marker, but no temporary signage. James Jones seconded. Thomas Rogers, James Jones, and Sophia Sayigh all in favor. James Jones will let the Boston Tea Party Ships and Museum know of the decision. 10.Matters not reasonably anticipated by the chair: Two stones mark the entrance to Brewster Memorial Cemetery. The first is on Route 124. The second is at the head of the street leading into the cemetery. The dog park committee would like to move the second Brewster Memorial Cemetery stone in order to replace it with signage for the dog park. James Jones moved to move the second stone to across the street from where it now sits. Sophia Sayigh seconded. Thomas Rogers, James Jones, and Sophia Sayigh all in favor. 11.Next meeting: The next meeting is scheduled for November 12, 2021 at 2:00 pm. 12.Meeting adjourned: James Jones moved to adjourn. Sophia Sayigh seconded. James Jones, Thomas Rogers, and Sophia Sayigh in favor. Meeting adjourned at 2:17 pm. Archive d: Wednesday, March 16, 2022 9:41:37 AM From: Captain Freeman Inn Se nt: Mon, 14 Mar 2022 17:51:55 +0000ARC To: Erika Mawn Subje ct: Event: April 10th Se ns itivity: Normal Hi Erika, Below are the de tai l s for the upcomi ng event that we are hoping to have: Date : Sunday, March 27th, 2022 Ti me : 3pm Location: Captain Fre e man Inn He adcount: 6 Gue sts are al l re l ati ves and with an upcoming wedding later thi s ye ar, the y are celebrati ng by havi ng an afternoon tea wi th 5 of the women, welcoming the 6th woman (the bride and l i felong Brewster reside nt) into the family. Gue sts will si t i n the inn’s Tea Room where they wi l l be se rve d te a along wi th an assortment of scones and biscuits, fol l owed by finge r sandwi che s served on ti e red trays in the ce nter of the table. Once done, the wome n wi l l gi ve gifts to the bride to be and then mini sweets will be served. It is anti ci pate d that the event will l ast no more than 2.5 hours. Please let me know if you have any questions! Thank you, Laurie Cape Cod’s S easide Boutique I nn T he Captain Freeman I nn 1 5 Breakwater Road Brewster, MA 02631 Laurie & Jason Stuehmer 5 08-896-7481 Fol l ow us: Facebook I nstagram Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 NUMBER 2022-SE -#1 Town of Brewster Special Event Licensing This is to certify that: The Captain Freeman Inn IS HEREBY GRANTED A SPECIAL EVENT LICENSE TO ALLOW: Afternoon Tea At the following address: 15 Breakwater Road This permit is effective: Sunday, March 27, 2022, August 25, 2021, 3:00pm – 6:00pm Date Issued: March 21, 2022 Select Board __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ Office of: Board of Selectmen Town Administrator Conditions: Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 MEMORANDUM TO: Brewster Select Board FROM: Conor Kenny RE: Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan DATE: 3/16/2022 The Town of Brewster has developed a Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. The purpose of the Brewster Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan is to help the Town plan and receive funding for projects that reduce the risk of injury or damage to property from future natural, communicable, human-caused or technological hazard events such as flooding, hurricanes or cyber security. The Town of Brewster has been affected by hazards in the past and this plan is thus committed to reducing future disaster impacts. The Town has also had the opportunity with this project to receive federal funding for the first time (a FEMA grant was awarded to help develop this plan). The Town is committed to maintaining eligibility for future federal funding. The Town of Brewster’s Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup (LHMW), with the assistance of the Horsley Witten Group, Inc. (HW) developed this plan. HW conducted a series of meetings from February 2020 through November 2021 with the Brewster LHMW, municipal officials, the community, and representatives of MEMA. Once developed, the draft plan was posted on the project webpage on the Town website. The final public workshop, which presented the draft of the plan to the Select Board, occurred on November 30th, 2021. A public comment period was also held from November 8th, 2021 to December 3rd, 2021. Incorporating feedback from the workshop, the final plan was submitted to MEMA on December 16th, 2021, before being forwarded to FEMA for review and approval. FEMA completed its review of Brewster’s Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan in February 2022 and approved the plan, pending adoption by the Select Board.If the plan is not adopted by February 2023, the Town must update the entire plan and resubmit it for review. Included in this packet is the final plan and a resolution to be signed by members of the Select Board. Once signed, this resolution will be incorporated into the plan. Office of: Select Board Town Administrator A TOWN OF BREWSTER RESOLUTION IN RECOGNITION OF Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan WHEREAS A Town Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan preserves the health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of Brewster and their property; and WHEREAS, The Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan is a new stand-alone plan; and WHEREAS, The Town of Brewster Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup, and along with its contractor, the Horsley Witten Group, Inc. composed the plan and held a series of advertised and noticed public meetings from February 2020 through November 2021 on drafting the plan; and WHEREAS, Adoption of this plan is a federal requirement for the Town to be eligible for federal hazard mitigation grants as a result of a disaster or major mitigation planning project; and WHEREAS, FEMA Region 1 has completed its review of the Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan and approved it subject to approval by the Select Board; and WHEREAS, Select Board approval will allow the Town to meet its local hazard mitigation planning requirements pursuant to 44 C.F.R. Section 201 (the Disaster Mitigation Act), NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Select Board of the Town of Brewster do hereby accept and approve the Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan as presented. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, we have hereunto set our hands and caused the Seal of the Town of Brewster to be affixed on this __________________. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Cynthia Bingham ________________________________________________________ David Whitney __________________________________________________ Ned Chatelain __________________________________________________ Mary Chaffee __________________________________________________ Kari Hoffman Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Prepared by: Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan ii Town of Brewster Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Brewster, Massachusetts Acknowledgements Charlie Baker – Governor Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency Samantha Phillips – Director Members of the Brewster Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup Paul Anderson – Brewster Water Department Superintendent Ryan Bennett – Town Planner (former) Conor Kenny – Project Manager (Town of Brewster) Heath Eldredge – Police Chief Patrick Ellis – DPW Director (former) Pat Hughes – Coastal Committee Don Labonte – Resident/CERT Peter Lombardi – Town Administrator Donna Kalinick – Assistant Town Administrator Chris Miller – Natural Resources Director Robert Moran – Fire Chief Griffin Ryder – DPW Director (present) Victor Staley – Building Commissioner (former) Davis Walters – Building Commissioner (present) Amy von Hone – Health Department Director Jeff Zukowski – MEMA Representative Craig Pereira – Consultant, Horsley Witten Group, Inc. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan iv Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan v Table of Contents SECTION 1.0 - INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 1 1.1 Overview ....................................................................................... 1 1.2 What Hazard Mitigation Can Do for Brewster ............................ 2 1.3 Brewster’s Mission Statement ................................................... 2 1.4 Goals ............................................................................................. 2 1.5 Planning Process ......................................................................... 3 1.6 Environmental Setting ............................................................... 15 1.7 History of Disaster Declarations ............................................... 16 1.8 Recent Disaster Declarations .................................................... 17 1.8.1 Tropical Storm Irene – FEMA 3330 ................................... 17 1.8.2 Severe Winter Storm/Snow/Flooding – FEMA 4110 ........ 17 1.8.3 Severe Winter Storm/Snow/Flooding – FEMA 4212 ........ 18 1.8.4 Severe Winter Storm/Snow/Flooding – FEMA 4214 ........ 19 1.8.5 Severe Winter Storm/Snow – FEMA 4372 ........................ 20 1.8.6 Severe Winter Storm/Flooding – FEMA 4379 ................... 20 1.8.7 Covid 19 Pandemic – FEMA 4496 ..................................... 20 SECTION 2.0 - RISK ASSESSMENT ........................................................... 21 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................... 21 2.2 Hazard Identification ................................................................. 21 2.3 Hazard Profiles .......................................................................... 23 2.3.1 Flood-Related Hazards ..................................................... 33 2.3.2 Winter-Related Hazards .................................................... 49 Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan vi 2.3.3 Wind-Related Hazards ...................................................... 54 2.3.4 Geologic-Related Hazards ................................................ 69 2.3.5 Extreme Heat-Related ....................................................... 71 2.3.6 Drought-Related Hazards ................................................. 75 2.3.7 Urban Fire/Wildfire-Related Hazards ............................... 77 2.3.8 Invasive Species-Related Hazards .................................. 79 2.3.9 Communicable Disease-Related Hazards ....................... 82 2.3.10 Human-Caused Hazards ................................................. 85 2.3.11 Technological Hazards ................................................... 90 2.4 Vulnerability ............................................................................... 95 2.4.1 Development Trends .......................................................... 96 2.4.2 Economic Vulnerability ..................................................... 98 2.4.3 Social Vulnerability .......................................................... 104 2.4.4 Environmental Vulnerability ............................................ 107 2.5 FEMA Disaster Grant Assistance ........................................... 107 SECTION 3.0 –CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT ............................................ 109 3.1 Introduction .............................................................................. 109 3.2 Planning and Regulatory Capabilities .................................... 109 3.3 Administrative and Technical Capabilities ............................. 131 3.4 Financial Capabilities ............................................................... 139 3.5 National Flood Insurance Program ......................................... 140 3.6 Community Rating System ...................................................... 141 3.7 Existing Protection Matrix ....................................................... 142 Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan vii SECTION 4.0 – MITIGATION STRATEGY ................................................. 148 4.1 Introduction .............................................................................. 148 4.2 Mitigation Activities .................................................................. 148 4.3 Mitigation Action Plan .............................................................. 146 SECTION 5.0 – PLAN IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE ........... 173 5.1 Implementation, Evaluation and Revision of Plan ................. 173 5.2 Continued Public Involvement ................................................ 173 REFERENCES ................................................................................................. . APPENDICES ................................................................................................... Appendix A: Maps Appendix B: Public Information/Outreach and Local Plan Adoption Appendix C: Correspondences LIST OF FIGURES 2-1 Storm Tide Pathways ........................................................................... 44 2-2 Wind Zones ........................................................................................... 54 2-3 National Weather Service Heat Index ................................................. 73 2-4 Drought Occurrences .......................................................................... 72 2-5 Wildland Urban Interface Zones ......................................................... 78 2-6 Covid Infections March 2020 – June 2021 ......................................... 84 LIST OF TABLES 1-1 2016 Plan Report Card ........................................................................... 5 1-2 Federal Emergency and Major Disaster Declarations ...................... 16 Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan viii 2-1 Risk Assessment Matrix 2021 ............................................................. 25 2-2 Hazard Index – Natural Hazards ......................................................... 27 2-3 Hazard Index – Human Caused/Technological Hazards ................... 32 2-4 Flood-Related Hazard Events ............................................................. 34 2-5 Precipitation Projections ..................................................................... 38 2-6 Inventoried Dams ................................................................................. 39 2-7 Storm Tide Pathways .......................................................................... 44 2-8 Winter-Related Hazard Events ............................................................ 49 2-9 Extreme Cold Temperature Projections ............................................. 53 2-10 Wind-Related Hazard Events ............................................................ 55 2-11 Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale .............................................. 63 2-12 Enhanced Fujita Scale ....................................................................... 66 2-13 TORRO Hail Intensity Scale .............................................................. 67 2-14 Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale ...................................................... 69 2-15 Richter Magnitude Scale ................................................................... 70 2-16 Extreme Heat-Related Hazards ......................................................... 72 2-17 Extreme Heat Temperature Projections ........................................... 73 2-18 Drought-Related Hazard Events ....................................................... 76 2-19 Top Infectious Diseases .................................................................... 81 2-20 Lifeline Sectors Impacted by Infrastructure Failure ....................... 91 2-21 Vulnerability Matrix 2021 ................................................................... 96 2-22 NFIP Activity in Brewster .................................................................. 98 2-23 Total Vulnerability FEMA VE Flood Zone Summary ....................... 98 Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan ix 2-24 Total Vulnerability FEMA 100-Year Flood Zone Summary ............. 99 2-25 Total Vulnerability FEMA 500-Year Flood Zone Summary ............. 99 2-26 Total Vulnerability Sea Level Rise 1-Foot Scenario Summary ..... 100 2-27 Total Vulnerability Sea Level Rise 3-Foot Scenario Summary ..... 101 2-28 Total Vulnerability Hurricane Category 1 Summary ..................... 101 2-29 Total Vulnerability Hurricane Category 2 Summary ..................... 102 2-30 Total Vulnerability Hurricane Category 3 Summary ..................... 102 2-31 Total Vulnerability Hurricane Category 4 Summary ..................... 103 2-32 Lifeline Sectors Impacted by Infrastructure Failure ..................... 104 2-33 Brewster/Regional Public Shelter Facilities .................................. 106 3-1 Actions for Continued Compliance with NFIP ................................. 140 3-2 Existing Protections Matrix ............................................................... 143 4-1 STAPLEE Review and Selection Criteria ......................................... 150 4-2 STAPLEE Analysis ............................................................................. 152 LIST OF MAPS 2-1 Shoreline Change 2-2 Sea Level Rise 2-3 FEMA Flood Hazard Areas 2-4 Critical Facilities and Flood Hazard Areas 2-5 Average Annual Snowfall 2-6 Hurricanes 2-7 Storm Surge 2-8 Earthquakes Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan x Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 Section 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview Each year in the United States, disasters take the lives of hundreds of people and injure thousands more. Nationwide, taxpayers pay billions of dollars annually to help communities, organizations, businesses, and individuals recover from disasters. These monies only partially reflect the true cost of disasters because additional expenses to insurance companies and nongovernmental organizations are not reimbursed by tax dollars. Many disasters are predictable, and much of the damage caused by these events can be alleviated or even eliminated. Hazard mitigation is defined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) as “any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to human life and property from a hazard event.” The results of a three-year, congressionally mandated independent study to assess future savings from mitigation activities provides evidence that mitigation activities are highly cost- effective. On average, each dollar spent on mitigation saves society an average of $4 in avoided future losses in addition to saving lives and preventing injuries (National Institute of Building Science Multi-Hazard Mitigation Council 2005). Natural hazard mitigation planning is the process of determining how to reduce or eliminate the loss of life and property damage resulting from natural hazards such as floods, earthquakes and hurricanes. Hazard mitigation means to permanently reduce or alleviate the losses of life, injuries and property resulting from natural hazards through long-term strategies. These long-term strategies include planning, policy changes, programs, projects and other activities. This plan was prepared pursuant to the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-390) and the implementing regulations set forth by the Interim Final Rule published in the Federal Register on February 26, 2002 (44 CFR §201.6) and finalized on October 31, 2007 (hereafter, these requirements and regulations will be referred to collectively as the Disaster Mitigation Act). While the act emphasized the need for mitigation plans and more coordinated mitigation planning and implementation efforts, the regulations established the requirements that local hazard mitigation plans must meet in order for a local jurisdiction to be eligible for certain federal disaster assistance and hazard mitigation funding under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Act (Public Law 93-288). Because the Town of Brewster is subject to many kinds of hazards, access to these programs is vital. Information in this plan will be used to help guide and coordinate mitigation activities and decisions for local land use policy in the future. Proactive mitigation planning will help reduce the cost of disaster response and recovery to the community and its property owners by protecting critical community facilities, reducing liability exposure, and minimizing overall community impacts and disruption. The Town of Brewster has been affected by hazards in the past and Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 2 is thus committed to reducing future disaster impacts and maintaining eligibility for federal funding. This 2021 plan represents a local jurisdiction plan that will serve as a stand-alone document relative to just the Town of Brewster (with references to the State Hazard Mitigation Plan for consistency). The Town received a FEMA grant to develop a local hazard mitigation plan (HMP). 1.2 What Hazard Mitigation Can Do for the Town of Brewster A primary benefit of hazard mitigation is that preventative measures taken now can significantly reduce the cost of post-disaster cleanup tomorrow. In addition, mitigation actions conducted before hazards occur greatly reduces the impact and costs associated with the aftermath of a hazard event. By planning ahead, Brewster will minimize the economic and social disruption that can result from floods, snowstorms, and hurricanes and other natural disasters. The plan is intended to promote sound public policy designed to protect citizens, critical facilities, infrastructure, private property, and the natural environment. This can be achieved by increasing public awareness, documenting resources for risk reduction and loss-prevention, and identifying activities to guide the community towards the development of a safer, more sustainable community. The adoption and implementation of this plan will assist Brewster in remaining eligible to receive assistance from FEMA in both pre- and post-disaster assistance such as: FEMA’s Community Rating System (CRS), FEMA’s Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC), Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Program, and FEMA’s Post-Disaster Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP). 1.3 Brewster’s Mission Statement The purpose of the Brewster Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan is to reduce future damages to life, property, infrastructure, and natural, cultural, and economic resources from natural hazards and to decrease the number of hazard areas and impediments to rescue/evacuation and clean-up that currently exist in the Town. 1.4 Goals The primary goals of the Brewster HMP plan are to substantially and permanently reduce the Town's vulnerability to natural hazards by creating a program of activities to address natural hazard impacts potential. The Town has identified goals intended to be general and broad in nature and can only be achieved through the long-term implementation of more specific objectives. Each goal listed below will be more specifically addressed and realized through the implementation of a Mitigation Strategy Action Plan, and defining short-term mitigation objectives and actions. In addition, the Town of Brewster is committed Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 3 to coordinating local hazard mitigation planning and activities with those of Barnstable County and neighboring towns (Harwich, Dennis and Orleans). The goals of the Brewster HMP include: 1. To reduce the potential for loss of life, property, critical facilities, infrastructure, environmental resources and landforms and cultural resources from natural disasters. 2. To educate residents and policy makers about natural hazard risk and vulnerability, so as to encourage hazard mitigation planning as part of the municipal planning process. 3. To implement cost effective and feasible mitigation projects, funded whenever possible with grant programs. 4. To coordinate Brewster hazard mitigation planning with neighboring towns in the mid and lower Cape Cod Region and Barnstable County. 5. To reduce potential financial losses incurred by municipal, residential and commercial establishments due to disasters. 6. To ensure that mitigation measures are context-sensitive to natural features, historic resources and community character. 1.5 Planning Process A hazard mitigation plan should be considered a living document that must grow and adapt, keeping pace with a community’s growth and change. The DMA of 2000 places high priority on the continuation of the planning process after the initial submittal, requiring communities to seek and receive re-approval from FEMA in order to remain eligible for assistance. The evaluation, revision and update process is also a means to create an institutional awareness and involvement in hazard mitigation as part of daily activities. The Town of Brewster, with the assistance of the Horsley Witten Group, Inc. (HW) developed this HMP. In 2016, the Brewster LHMW made a concerted effort to develop an HMP at that time, however, a final draft plan was never completed or submitted to MEMA or FEMA. The Brewster LHMW from 2016 was again, re- energized and enhanced to provide a broad spectrum of local knowledge and experience to complete this 2021 plan. Members of the Brewster LHMW include: • Paul Anderson – Brewster Water Department Superintendent • Ryan Bennett – Town Planner (former) • Conor Kenny – Project Manager (Town of Brewster) • Heath Eldredge – Police Chief • Patrick Ellis – DPW Director (former) • Griffin Ryder – DPW Director (present) • Pat Hughes – Coastal Committee • Don Labonte – Resident/CERT • Peter Lombardi – Town Administrator Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 4 • Donna Kalinick – Assistant Town Administrator • Chris Miller – Natural Resources Director • Robert Moran – Fire Chief • Victor Staley – Building Commissioner (former) • Davis Walters – Building Commissioner (present) • Amy von Hone – Health Department Director o Craig Pereira – Consultant, Horsley Witten Group, Inc. The Horsley Witten Group, Inc. conducted a series of meetings from February 2020 through November 2021 with the Brewster LHMW, municipal officials, the community, and representatives of MEMA. The public workshops were held in an open public forum and in accordance with M.A.G.L. c. 30A, Sections 18 - 25 in complying with the requirements of the Federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000). Due to the onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic, meetings were held both in-person and virtually. A project webpage was designed and hosted on the Town’s municipal website to announce the project, inform and engage the community before, during and after plan development, and to serve as a repository of project documents, presentations, and summaries. A PDF of the project webpage layout is included in Appendix B. A series of Municipal Interviews (in-person, telephone and email correspondence) were conducted early in the update process (as part of the MVP process) for the development of the draft 2016 Plan Report Card (Table 1- 1), identification of accomplishments since the 2016 Plan, and preliminary identification of mitigation measures for consideration in the plan update. Interviews: o Heath Eldredge – Police Chief o Robert Moran – Fire Chief o Victor Staley – Building Commissioner o Ryan Bennett – Town Planner o Pat Hughes – Coastal Committee o Amy von Hone – Health Director Representation from municipal officials/departments with the authority to regulate development (Planning Dept./Board, Conservation Commission, Building Department, and Select Board) as well as other interests participated on the LHMW, in the municipal interview series, and were invited to comment during the public comment period as discussed later in this section. Table 1-1 2016 Draft Plan Report Card (2021 Update) Brewster, MA Mitigation Measure Location Ownership Natural Hazard Primary Problem/Effect Mitigation Objective Risk H-Historical P- Potential 2021 Status Create a standing Multi-Hazard Mitigation Committee. Town-wide Public All Hazards Limited funding opportunities for mitigation/ Compromised public health, safety and welfare Eligibility for funding opportunities/Improved public health, safety and welfare H and P Completed Join the NFIP's Community Rating System. Town-wide Public and Private Flooding; Sea Level Rise; Storm Surge; Hurricanes Public/Private property damage/cost of cleanup Reduced damages/costs to public/private property H and P Ongoing, move to Capability Assessment Increase protection of the floodplain by amending the current Floodplain District Bylaw. Town-wide Public and Private Flooding; Sea Level Rise; Storm Surge; Hurricanes Public/Private property damage/cost of cleanup Reduced damages/costs to public/private property P Ongoing, move to Capability Assessment Use the Town's evolving GIS to maintain current building and parcel data for the purpose of conducting more detailed hazard risk assessments and for tracking permitting/land use. Town-wide Public and Private All Hazards Public/Private property damage/cost of cleanup/ compromised public safety Reduced damages/costs to public/private property/improved public safety P Ongoing, move to Capability Assessment Table 1-1 2016 Draft Plan Report Card (2021 Update) Brewster, MA Mitigation Measure Location Ownership Natural Hazard Primary Problem/Effect Mitigation Objective Risk H-Historical P- Potential 2021 Status Conduct a thorough investigation of the Town's most at-risk locations identified in the Vulnerability Analysis and evaluate potential mitigation techniques for protecting each location to the maximum extent possible. Town-wide Public and Private All hazards Public/Private property damage/cost of cleanup/ compromised public safety/impacts to natural resources Reduced damages/costs to public/private property/improved public safety/limited impacts to natural resources H and P Ongoing, move to Capability Assessment Develop a list of mitigation projects, including but not limited to: snow fencing in areas prone to blowing and drifting snow, and regarding improved drainage in areas prone to flooding. Town-wide Public and Private All hazards Public property damage/cost of cleanup/ compromised public safety/Impacts to natural resources Reduced damages/costs to public property/improved public safety/limited impacts to natural resources H and P Ongoing, move to Capability Assessment Conduct a Needs Assessment of privately-owned facilities that have regional importance (medical centers/day care centers). Town-wide Public and Private All hazards Disruptions to emergency services/ Compromised public safety Continued emergency services/Improved public safety P Not completed… carry forward to 2021 plan update Table 1-1 2016 Draft Plan Report Card (2021 Update) Brewster, MA Mitigation Measure Location Ownership Natural Hazard Primary Problem/Effect Mitigation Objective Risk H-Historical P- Potential 2021 Status Conduct a Needs Assessment of mitigation activities that should be undertaken to prepare and protect Brewster's cultural resources from the damaging effects of natural hazards. Town-wide Public and Private All hazards Public property damage/cost of cleanup/ compromised public safety/Impacts to cultural resources Reduced damages/costs to public property/improved public safety/limited impacts to cultural resources P Ongoing, move to Capability Assessment Quantify potential losses by estimating such losses at varying degrees of storm surge, wind and stormwater hazard severity, as well as specific impacts on critical facilities. Town-wide Public and Private Flooding/Wind Public property damage/cost of cleanup/ compromised public safety Reduced damages/costs to public property/improved public safety P Ongoing, move to Capability Assessment Develop a map indicating hazard sensitive parcels acquired by Brewster. Town-wide Public and Private All hazards Public property damage/cost of cleanup/ compromised public safety Reduced damages/costs to public property/improved public safety P Ongoing, move to Capability Assessment Incorporate the inspection and management of hazardous trees/limbs into the Town's routine monitoring process. Town-wide Public and Private Wind/Snow/Ice Public property damage/cost of cleanup/ compromised public safety Reduced damages/costs to public property/improved public safety P Not completed… carry forward to 2021 plan update Table 1-1 2016 Draft Plan Report Card (2021 Update) Brewster, MA Mitigation Measure Location Ownership Natural Hazard Primary Problem/Effect Mitigation Objective Risk H-Historical P- Potential 2021 Status Monitor the Town's emergency services to identify needs in terms of personnel, equipment, and/or required resources. Town-wide Public and Private All hazards Public property damage/cost of cleanup/ compromised public safety Reduced damages/costs to public property/improved public safety P Ongoing, move to Capability Assessment Review of ditch systems and old bogs for preventative maintenance to increase flood capacity. Town-wide Public and Private Flooding Public property damage/cost of cleanup/ compromised public safety Reduced damages/costs to public property/improved public safety H and P Not completed… carry forward to 2021 plan update Mitigate impacts of blowing/drifting snow. Town-wide Public and Private Wind/Snow/Ice Compromised emergency response/public safety Continued emergency services/Improved public safety H and P Not completed… carry forward to 2021 plan update Infrastructure: Route 6A at Drummer Boy Park: Drainage study and re-design to eliminate flooding. Route 6A Public Flooding Compromised emergency response/public safety Continued emergency services/Improved public safety H and P Ongoing, move to Capability Assessment Infrastructure: Underpass Road: Drainage study and Re-design to eliminate roadway flooding. Underpass Road Public Flooding Compromised emergency response/public safety Continued emergency services/Improved public safety H and P Completed Table 1-1 2016 Draft Plan Report Card (2021 Update) Brewster, MA Mitigation Measure Location Ownership Natural Hazard Primary Problem/Effect Mitigation Objective Risk H-Historical P- Potential 2021 Status Continue to participate in marsh restoration projects to remediate tidally- restrictive infrastructure which affects the retention time of floodwaters or impound stormwater. Sea St./Quivett Creek/Clarke 1/Clarke 2/Paine's Creek Rd./Freeman's Pond/Route 6A/Stony Brook/Channel off Stony Brook/Cape Cod Rail Trail/Namskaket Creek Public and Private Flooding/Fire/Coa stal Erosion/Sea Level Rise Impacts to natural resource areas Preserved natural resource areas H and P Not completed… carry forward to 2021 plan update Develop/distribute education material concerning care of animals during hazard emergencies. Town-wide Private All hazards Impacts to social distress Minimized social distress H and P Ongoing, move to Capability Assessment Develop a program to train emergency responders and residents in management of domestic animals, horses, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, birds, as well as wild animals, during emergencies such as flood, fires, winds, etc. Town-wide Public and Private All hazards Impacts to social distress Minimized social distress H and P Not completed… carry forward to 2021 plan update Table 1-1 2016 Draft Plan Report Card (2021 Update) Brewster, MA Mitigation Measure Location Ownership Natural Hazard Primary Problem/Effect Mitigation Objective Risk H-Historical P- Potential 2021 Status Conduct an educational workshop for coastal and riverfront landowners and contractors on hazard mitigation. Town-wide Public and Private Flooding/Wind/Co astal Erosion/Sea Level Rise Public property damage/cost of cleanup/ compromised public safety Reduced damages/costs to public property/improved public safety H and P Not completed… carry forward to 2021 plan update Supply educational materials on preparedness/ mitigation for property owners, for distribution and display at Town Hall, Brewster Ladies Library, Council on Aging. Town-wide Public and Private All hazards Public property damage/cost of cleanup/ compromised public safety Reduced damages/costs to public property/improved public safety P Ongoing, move to Capability Assessment Annually host a public hazards display for the residents of Brewster, in combination with the 'Brewster in Bloom' festival or another appropriate community event. Ensure that such a Town-wide Public and Private All hazards Public property damage/cost of cleanup/ compromised public safety Reduced damages/costs to public property/improved public safety P Not completed… carry forward to 2021 plan update Incorporate natural hazard mitigation and best planning practices into Brewster's planning work. Town-wide Public and Private All hazards Public property damage/cost of cleanup/ compromised public safety Reduced damages/costs to public property/improved public safety P Ongoing, move to Capability Assessment Table 1-1 2016 Draft Plan Report Card (2021 Update) Brewster, MA Mitigation Measure Location Ownership Natural Hazard Primary Problem/Effect Mitigation Objective Risk H-Historical P- Potential 2021 Status Participate in Cape Cod Cooperative Extension's Wildfire Assessment and Preparedness Program. Town-wide Public and Private Wildfire Public property damage/cost of cleanup/ compromised public safety Reduced damages/costs to public property/improved public safety H and P Ongoing, move to Capability Assessment Establish an MOU/MOA with the Town of Harwich, and other adjacent towns, regarding the coordinated opening of storm shelters and to ensure adequate shelter capacity for the area. Town-wide Public All hazards Compromised emergency response/public safety Continued emergency response/improved public safety H and P Ongoing, move to Capability Assessment Coordination with Nickerson State Park, Towns of Orleans (Baker's Pond, Harwich/Harwich Water Dept. (Punkhorn Parklands), and Dennis/Dennis Water Dept. (Punkhorn Parklands and Ellis Farm) on fuel reduction programs and response. Town-wide Public and Private Wildfire Compromised emergency response/public safety Continued emergency response/improved public safety H and P Not completed… carry forward to 2021 plan update Promote remote access for Channel 18. Town-wide Public All hazards Compromised emergency response/public safety Continued emergency response/improved public safety P Completed Table 1-1 2016 Draft Plan Report Card (2021 Update) Brewster, MA Mitigation Measure Location Ownership Natural Hazard Primary Problem/Effect Mitigation Objective Risk H-Historical P- Potential 2021 Status Identify and seek public/private sector funding for residents, businesses and the Town that will allow the implementation of sound hazard mitigation measures. Town-wide Public and Private All hazards Compromised public safety Improved public safety H and P Ongoing, move to Capability Assessment Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 13 The Brewster LHMW first met (in-person) on March 13, 2020 to kick-off the project. At this meeting, the LHMW confirmed its membership, reviewed the project scope and revised schedule, discussed project coordination, reviewed the proposed revisions to the plan’s layout (utilization of hazard mitigation categories) and identification of risks content (to include climate change), and discussed the logistics for the first Public Workshop. A complete set of meeting materials is included in Appendix B. At this meeting, HW agreed to expand the scope of work to include human-caused and technological hazards. The Brewster LHMW met for a second time (virtually) on July 15, 2020 to discuss elements of Section 1 Introduction, including the plan’s mission statement and goals. Next, a discussion of Section 2 Risk Assessment elements, including GIS mapping in collaboration with the Cape Cod Commission (CCC), development trends, NFIP property data update and FEMA grant assistance. The meeting concluded with a final discussion on the 2016 draft Mitigation Plan Report Card. It is noted that the 2016 draft plan was never formally submitted to MEMA or FEMA, however, it reflects a mitigation strategy the Town continued to make progress on and therefor has been included as such. A complete set of meeting materials is included in Appendix B. The first Public Workshop was held on January 30, 2021. Announcements were posted on the project webpage, and emailed to Brewster Boards, Commissions and interested citizens. The presentation included an overview of the mitigation process, goals and measures, followed by a review of the 2016 draft Plan Report Card, and preliminary revisions to the plan (based on personal interviews with municipal officials, boards, and commissions). The Workshop flyer, PowerPoint Presentation and Sign-In Sheet are included in Appendix B. The Brewster LHMW met for a third time (virtually) on July 16, 2021 to conduct a follow up to content needed for the update, review the updated risk maps, complete the actions for continued NFIP compliance table and review mitigation actions for consideration. The meeting concluded with an overview of Section 4 Mitigation Strategy to inform the LHMW what they needed to consider for the upcoming meeting. A complete set of meeting materials is included in Appendix B. The Brewster LHMW met for a fourth time on September 27, 2021 to conduct the Benefit Cost Analysis (BCA review) for the mitigation actions under consideration. The Project Consultant reviewed the draft 2021 Mitigation Actions (Table 4-2) which identified those actions: Ongoing – initially addressed but requires ongoing maintenance/attention, therefore, carried forward from the 2016 plan; Not addressed/partially addressed - revised from the 2016 plan; and, New - completely new action items. The Brewster LHMW completed the BCA review to prioritize/rank the action items, assigned time frames and responsible parties, and agreed on the proposed methodology/schedule for plan maintenance and plan update (based on FEMA requirements). A complete set of meeting materials is included in Appendix B. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 14 A second Public Workshop/Public Hearing was held November 30, 2021 virtually. Announcements were posted on the project webpage, and emailed to Brewster Boards, Commissions and interested citizens, copies have been included in Appendix B. The presentation included list of accomplishments to date, overview of preliminary mitigation actions, questions from the audience, and identification of next steps. The Workshop agenda, PowerPoint Presentation and Sign-In Sheet are included in Appendix B. Online Survey The survey link was opened and available January 29, 2021 through the end of August 2021 and included a total of 80 responses. A brief summary of responses collected is included below. The full Survey Summary is included in Appendix B. • Most residents/businesses have experienced winter, wind, communicable/infectious, and temperature-related hazard events in the past 20 years; • Almost half (45%) of respondents feel they are at least adequately prepared to deal with a natural hazard event, with most getting their information from the internet (81%) and/or social media/cell phone apps. (69%) with one or more natural hazards; • Most respondents are ‘Very Concerned’ with climate change projections (48%) and communicable/infectious disease-related hazards (41%) followed by wind-related hazards (30%); • 80% of respondents know for sure whether or not their property is located in/near a FEMA –designated floodplain; • Just over (70%) of respondents are interested in making their home, business or neighborhood more resilient, with 60% willing to spend their own money to do so; and • The top four choices to reduce damage/destruction of natural hazards in Brewster include: o Work to improve utility resilience: electric; communications; water/wastewater facilities (89%) o Retrofit public infrastructure, such as elevating roadways and improving drainage systems (58%) o Inform property owners of ways they can reduce the damage caused by natural events (52%) o Provide better information about hazard risks and high hazard areas (52%). With this information, the project consultant prepared the draft Hazard Mitigation Plan update which was available for public comment from November 8, 2021 through December 3, 2021 (online, on the Town’s website and hard copies available at the Town Hall (see Appendix C for Notice of Availability of draft) with no comments returned. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 15 This plan update was also forwarded to the neighboring communities of: Orleans, George Meservey – Director of Planning and Community Development; Harwich, Jonathon Idman – Director of Planning and Community Development; and Dennis, Dan Fortier – Town Planner. All received notice of the draft update availability on the Town of Brewster’s website, with no comments returned. The draft was submitted to the Brewster Select Board for approval to forward on up to MEMA, then forwarded to MEMA for consideration. It is the intention of the Brewster LHMW that the Hazard Mitigation Plan be an available and pertinent source of information to a wide variety of individuals and interests. The plan update also has a specific and pragmatic function. By identifying and prioritizing local mitigation needs, the plan update has already served, and will continue to serve, as a basis for amendments to local policies and regulations. State authorities will incorporate information compiled in this document into the State Hazard Mitigation Plan, to strengthen the statewide knowledge and idea- base for mitigation planning. A well-prepared and locally adopted plan can demonstrate understanding and commitment, two important variables when vying for limited, high-demand resources. 1.6 Environmental Setting Brewster is a seaside community located on the inner curve of Cape Cod Bay in Barnstable County, Massachusetts. Brewster is bordered by Cape Cod Bay to the north, the Town of Dennis to the west, the Town of Orleans to the east, the Town of Harwich to the South, with a small point of land extending to the south east to separate Chatham and Harwich and touch Pleasant Bay…Map 1-1 Locus Map Approximately 28% of the population of Brewster is over 65 years of age (2018 Census), creating many challenges during storm events, especially among those who are mobility impaired. In addition, the Town’s population (9,806/ 2018 Census) more than doubles every summer from an influx of second homeowners and tourists who may not be familiar with the area or with the severe weather that can occur in this region. Since not all severe weather occurs in the summer months, it is also important to consider the more than 1,400 students in the Nauset regional school system. There are two public elementary schools in Brewster, the Stony Brook School and the Eddy School (both of which are also shelters for the Town). There are also several private schools, private day care and pre-school facilities in Brewster. Brewster Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 16 The Town is governed by a five-member Select Board with a Town Administrator. The Town operates under the representative Town Meeting format. 1.7 History of Disaster Declarations Since 1953, FEMA Region 1 (the New England States) has endured more than 150 federal emergency (EM) and major disaster declarations (DR), 28 of which impacted Massachusetts. The following information ( Table 1-2 below) gives an overview of the most significant past federal emergency and major disaster declarations for Massachusetts (and in particular Barnstable County, and including Brewster): Table 1-2 Significant Federal Emergency and Major Disaster Declarations, Barnstable County ID Number Type Date DR-751 Hurricane Gloria September 1985 DR-790 Severe Storms/Flooding April 1987 DR-914 Hurricane Bob August 1991 DR-920 Severe Coastal Storm October 1991 DR-975 Winter Coastal Storm December 1992 EM-3103 Blizzard/High Winds March 1993 DR-1090 January Blizzard January 1996 DR-1142 Severe Storm/Flooding October 1996 DR-1224 Heavy Rain/Flooding June 1998 EM-3153 Fire December 1999 EM-3165 Snowstorm March 2001 DR-1364 Severe Storms/Flooding April 2001 EM-3191 Snow January 2004 DR-1512 Flooding April 2004 EM-3201 Snow February 2005 EM-3252 Hurricane Katrina Evacuation September 2005 DR 1614 Severe Storms/Flooding May 2006 DR-1701 Severe Storms/Flooding April 2007 EM-3296 Sever Winter Storm December 2008 DR-1813 Severe Winter Storm/Flooding January 2009 DR-1895 Severe Storms/Flooding March 2010 EM-3312 Water Main Break May 2010 EM-3315 Hurricane Earl September 2010 EM-3330 Hurricane Irene August 2011 EM-3343 Severe Storm November 2011 EM-3350 Hurricane Sandy October 2012 DR-4097 Hurricane Sandy October 2012 Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 17 DR-4110 Severe Winter Storm/Snow/Flooding February 2013 DR-4214 Severe Winter Storm/Snow/Flooding January 2015 DR-4372 Severe Winter Storm/Flooding March 2018 DR-4379 Severe Winter Storm/Snow March 2018 DR-4496 Covid-19 Pandemic March 27, 2020 Sources: 2019 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA), Commonwealth of Massachusetts, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, www.ncdc.noaa.gov. 1.8 Recent Disaster Declarations The communities of Barnstable County (including Brewster) have experienced significant losses during several recent storms that have warranted FEMA to declare these storms as disasters. The following are descriptions of each of the recent storms that have been declared as disasters by FEMA and which have affected the Town of Brewster. 1.8.1 Hurricane Storm Irene – August 2011 (FEMA EM-3330) Hurricane Irene formed east of the Caribbean Island of Dominica, part of the Lesser Antilles region, on the afternoon of August 20, 2011. Irene moved through the Caribbean and up the east coast of the United States making landfall twice. She first made landfall as a Category 1 Hurricane near Cape Lookout, North Carolina around 7:30 am on August 27th, then moved offshore again during the evening. She then made a 2nd landfall, again as a Category 1 Hurricane at 5:40 am on August 28th near Little Egg Inlet in New Jersey. She moved over New York City and then into southeastern New York State and Connecticut as a Tropical Storm a few hours later. By the end of the evening of the 28th, Irene was crossing the U.S./Canada border having produced significant amounts of rain, storm surge, inland and coastal flooding, and wind damage across southern New England and much of the east coast of the United States. The collective effects of Tropical Storm Irene on August 28th, resulted in 1 fatality, 0 injuries, and $127.3M in property damage in the following counties: Barnstable, Cumberland, Essex, Franklin, Hampden, Hampshire, Middlesex, Nantucket, Norfolk, Plymouth, Suffolk, and Worcester (all in MA), Hartford, Tolland, and Windham (all in CT), Cheshire and Hillsborough (all in NH), and Providence, Kent, Washington, and Newport (all in RI).1 1.8.2 Hurricane Sandy - October 2012 (FEMA DR-4097) Sandy, a hybrid storm with both tropical and extra-tropical characteristics, brought high winds and coastal flooding to southern New England. Easterly winds gusted to 50 to 60 mph for interior southern New England; 55 to 65 mph along the eastern Massachusetts coast and along the I-95 corridor in southeast 1 National Centers for Environmental Information, www.ncdc.noaa.gov Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 18 Massachusetts and Rhode Island; and 70 to 80 mph along the southeast Massachusetts and Rhode Island coasts. A few higher gusts occurred along the Rhode Island coast. A severe thunderstorm embedded in an outer band associated with Sandy produced wind gusts to 90 mph and concentrated damage in Wareham early Tuesday evening, a day after the center of Sandy had moved into New Jersey. In general, moderate coastal flooding occurred along the Massachusetts coastline, and major coastal flooding impacted the Rhode Island coastline. The storm surge was generally 2.5 to 4.5 feet along the east coast of Massachusetts, but peaked late Monday afternoon in between high tide cycles. Seas built to between 20 and 25 feet Monday afternoon and evening just off the Massachusetts east coast. Along the south coast, the storm surge was 4 to 6 feet and seas from 30 to a little over 35 feet were observed in the outer coastal waters. The very large waves on top of the storm surge caused destructive coastal flooding along stretches of the Rhode Island exposed south coast. Sandy grew into a hurricane over the southwest Caribbean and then headed north across Jamaica, Cuba, and the Bahamas. As Sandy headed north of the Bahamas, the storm interacted with a vigorous weather system moving west to east across the United States and began to take on a hybrid structure. Strong high pressure over southeast Canada helped with the expansion of the strong winds well north of the center of Sandy. In essence, Sandy retained the structure of a hurricane near its center (until shortly before landfall) while taking on more of an extra-tropical cyclone configuration well away from the center. Sandy’s track was unusual. The storm headed northeast and then north across the western Atlantic and then sharply turned to the west to make landfall near Atlantic City, NJ during Monday evening. Sandy subsequently weakened and moved west across southern Pennsylvania on Tuesday before turning north and heading across western New York state into Quebec during Tuesday night and Wednesday.2 1.8.3 Severe Winter Storm/Snow/Flooding – February 2013 (FEMA DR-4110) An historic winter storm deposited tremendous amounts of snow over all of southern New England, mainly from the mid-afternoon on Friday, February 8 and lasting into the daylight hours of Saturday, February 9. What made this an amazing storm was the widespread coverage of heavy snowfall. Most locations received 2 to 2.5 feet of snow. A stationary band of even heavier snowfall persisted from southwest NH through central MA and on to the southwest across central and western CT. In those areas, reports averaged closer to 2.5 to 3 feet. Along the southeast MA coast, average amounts ranged from 1 to 2 feet. Only on Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket were snowfall totals less than 1 foot (6 to 12 inches). Isolated thunderstorms were common across the entire region during the height of the storm. 2 Ibid. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 19 A low pressure system advancing from the Great Lakes region combined forces with a very moist low pressure system moving northeast from the Gulf Coast states. Explosive deepening took place Friday evening, February 8, as a low center moved from the North Carolina coast to south of Nantucket. Strong high pressure to the north of New England helped ensure that cold air remained in place over the area. Snowfall gained intensity during the afternoon, but during the night, 2 to 3 inch per hour amounts were common throughout the region. The band of heaviest snowfall, with 3 to 5 inches per hour for several hours, extended from southwest NH to central and western CT. The precipitation started as mainly snow, although a brief period of rain at the onset was common on the Islands. Snow ended in the morning in western and central MA, southwest NH, most of CT and RI, and in the early afternoon across eastern MA. It lingered during the whole afternoon over Cape Cod and Nantucket, aided by some ocean- effect bands of snowfall. 1.8.4 Severe Winter Storm/Snow/Flooding – January 2015 (FEMA DR-4214) An historic winter storm brought heavy snow to southern New England with blizzard conditions to much of Rhode Island and Massachusetts, beginning during the day on Monday, January 26, 2015 and lasting into the early morning hours of Tuesday, January 27th. The highest snowfall totals, averaging two to three feet, extended from extreme northeast Connecticut and northwest Rhode Island into much of central and northeast Massachusetts, including greater Boston. Much of southeast Massachusetts and the rest of Rhode Island received one to two feet of snow. Totals dropped off dramatically west of the Connecticut River Valley where totals of 4 to 8 inches were observed. The storm was well-forecast, with Blizzard Watches and Winter Storm Watches issued 2 days before the snow began. Low pressure tracked northeast from the Carolinas and strengthened rapidly as it slowly passed southeast of Nantucket on Monday evening, January 26. All of the precipitation fell as snow with this storm. At its peak, snowfall rates of 2 to 3 inches per hour were common. Daily snowfall records were set for January 27th in Boston (22.1 inches, previous record 8.8 inches in 2011), Worcester (31.9 inches, previous record 11.0 inches in 2011), and Providence (16.0 inches, previous record 6.7 inches in 2011). In Providence, the total of 19.1 inches was the fourth highest on record (dating back to 1904), while in Boston the total of 24.6 inches was the sixth highest on record (dating back to 1872). The Blizzard of January 2015 produced very strong winds late Monday into Tuesday near the Massachusetts and Rhode Island coasts where gusts of 50 to 65 mph were common. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 20 1.8.5 Severe Winter Storm/Snow – March 2018 (FEMA DR-4372) Low pressure moving out of the Ohio Valley passed south of Southern New England on the 2nd and moved out to sea on the 3rd. This storm brought heavy snow to northwest Massachusetts, heavy rain and strong winds to central and eastern Massachusetts, and coastal flooding to the coastline. Moderate to major coastal flooding took place over three tide cycles due to astronomically high tides and a persistent northeast wind. This built a storm surge of two to four feet along the Massachusetts East Coast.3 1.8.6 Severe Winter Storm/Flooding – March 2018 (FEMA DR-4379) Low pressure along the Carolina coast March 12 moved up the coast and passed offshore of Southern New England on March 13, moving off through the Maritimes on March 14. The storm brought snow accumulations of one to two feet across Eastern Massachusetts and wind gusts of seventy to eighty miles per hour to Cape Cod and the Islands. Blizzard conditions were observed at Boston's Logan International Airport, Marshfield, Plymouth, Hyannis, and Martha's Vineyard.4 1.8.7 Covid-19 Pandemic – March 2020 (FEMA DR-4496) The President declared a major disaster on March 27, 2020 as a result of COVID-19 that occurred from January 20, 2020 and continuing pursuant to his authority under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, Pub. L. No. 93-288 (1974) (codified as amended at 42 U.S.C. § 5121 et seq.) ("Stafford Act"). This declaration, designated FEMA-4496-DR-MA, authorized Public Assistance Category B and the Crisis Counseling Program statewide. Authorized by Section 403 of the Stafford Act, FEMA may provide financial and/or direct assistance under Public Assistance Category B for emergency protective measures taken to respond to COVID-19 that are not authorized under other federal statutes. State, tribal, and local government entities and certain private nonprofit organizations throughout the entire state are eligible to apply for Public Assistance Category B. Authorized by Section 416 of the Stafford Act, FEMA may provide financial assistance under the Crisis Counseling Program to the state to provide professional counseling services or training of disaster workers to victims of COVID-19 in order to relieve mental health problems caused or aggravated by COVID-19 or its aftermath.5 3 Ibid. 4 Ibid. 5 https://www.fema.gov/disaster-federal-register-notice/dr-4496-ma-public-notice-001 Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 21 Section 2 Risk Assessment 2.1 Introduction Identifying potential hazards is the first step in any effort to reduce community vulnerability. The subsequent identification of the risk and vulnerability for a community are the primary factors in determining how best to allocate finite resources to address what mitigation might take place. The FEMA document titled Plan Review Guide, dated October 1, 2011 was used in developing this strategy plan as a basic template to identify the various natural hazard types. The hazard identification and analysis involve all of those hazards that potentially threaten the Town of Brewster, also consistent with the State Hazard Mitigation Plan. By collecting and analyzing information for each potential hazard that may affect Brewster, several determinations have been made: • Which hazards merit special attention • What actions might be taken to reduce the impact (s) of those hazards • What resources are likely to be needed 2.2 Hazard Identification The Brewster LHMW evaluated each of the hazard types that may affect Brewster, with the addition of climate change. For the purposes of the 2021 plan, and for consistency with the State Hazard Mitigation Plan, the Brewster LHMW decided to organize natural hazards into the following categories: Natural Hazards • Flood-Related Hazards o Riverine/Flash Flooding o Inland/Urban Flooding/Heavy Rain o Dam Failures o Coastal Flooding o Sea Level Rise o Storm Surge o Coastal Erosion/Shoreline Change • Winter-Related Hazards o Blizzards/Heavy Snow/Nor’easter o Extreme Cold • Wind-Related Hazards o Hurricanes o Tornadoes/High Winds o Lightning/Thunderstorms o Hail o Tropical Storm Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 22 • Geologic-Related Hazards o Earthquakes o Landslides • Drought/Extreme Heat-Related Hazards o Drought o Extreme Heat • Urban Fire/Wildfire-Related Hazards o Urban Fire/Wildfire • Invasive Species-Related Hazards o Multiple Invasive Species • Public Health Emergency-Related Hazards o Infectious Disease Under separate agreement with the Town, the CCC developed town-wide Geographical Information Systems (GIS) mapping including Map 2-1 Shoreline Change, Map 2-2 Sea Level Rise Scenarios, Map 2-3 FEMA Flood Hazard Areas, Map 2-4 Critical Facilities, and Map 2-7 Storm Surge Scenarios. HW also developed hazard-specific mapping, including Map 2-5 Average Annual Snowfall, Map 2-6 Hurricanes, and Map 2-8 Earthquakes. Similarly, the Brewster LHMW also evaluated each of the human-caused and technological hazard types that may affect Brewster. For the purposes of the 2021 plan, and for consistency with the State Hazard Mitigation Plan, the Brewster LHMW decided to organize human-caused and technological hazards into the following categories: Human-Caused Hazards • Cyber Incident • Terrorism o Improved Explosive Devices (IEDs) o Vehicle-Borne Improved Explosive Devices (VBIEDs) o Active/Mass Shootings o Drones • Civil Unrest • Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear (CBRN) Technological Hazards • Infrastructure Failure o Power o Water Supply o Transportation Systems o Communications o Information Technology o Emergency Services • Hazardous Materials Accident/Spill • Major Aircraft Crash Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 23 • Catastrophic Dam Failure 2.3 Hazard Profiles: Location, History and Probability of Future Occurrence In assessing the hazards to a community, both the risk and the vulnerability must be taken into account. A hazard is the actual event that poses the danger to the community, (e.g. the hurricane, tornado, earthquake, etc. that threatens the Town). The term “risk” refers to the predicted impact that a hazard would have on people, services, specific facilities and structures in the community. The term “vulnerability” refers to the characteristics of the society or environment affected by the event that resulted in the costs from damages (Heinz Center Report, 1999, p. 105). The vulnerability of an area refers to its susceptibility to a hazard. The areas of the town affected by extreme natural events are identified by the hazard risk assessment. In determining the risk and vulnerability of the town, the likelihood, frequency and magnitude of damage from identified hazards are assessed. In developing the Risk Assessment, the Brewster LHMW defined the risks that the Town could face and followed up with an assessment of the vulnerability of the at-risk areas, and the implications of experiencing natural, human-caused and technologic disasters (e.g., loss of life, damage to the natural environment, property damage, and economic losses). Risk assessment is the determination of the likelihood of adverse impacts associated with specific hazards, and vulnerability assessment is concerned with the qualitative or quantitative examination of the exposure of some societal component (i.e. economy, environment). The result of this process was the preparation of a Risk Assessment Matrix (Table 2.1 Risk Assessment Matrix 2021) that lists the vulnerable areas and the primary effects from an event on these areas. The matrix was then used to establish mitigation benefits and develop mitigation strategies (Section 4). Hazard Index – Natural Hazards The Brewster LHMW evaluated each of the flood, winter, wind, drought, urban/wildfire, invasive species, geologic, and public health emergency-related hazards and collectively determined the likelihood of occurrence, locations affected, and potential impacts of each. The LHMW evaluated and recorded Public Health Emergency-related hazards along with the human-caused and technological hazards in Table 2-3 for consistency with the standard methodology employed by the state, as discussed later in this section. This information was used to establish a Hazard Index (HI) value (HI=1 being lowest impact and HI=10 being highest impact) for each of the types of natural hazards and is presented in the Table 2-2. The highest hazard index values were assigned to those natural hazards that were deemed to have the highest level of impact to the community. These hazards include wind-related hazards such as hurricanes (HI=8), high winds and tropical storms (HI= 7), and flood-related Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 24 hazards such as coastal flooding, storm surge and coastal erosion/shoreline change (HI=7) Table 2-2 Hazard Index – Natural Hazards for this 2021 plan utilizes language used in the FEMA State and Local Mitigation Planning How-to-Guide Series for frequency and severity categorization, including: Criteria for Frequency Categorization: Very low frequency: events that occur less frequently than once in 1,000 years (less than 0.1% per year). Low frequency: events that occur from once in 100 years to once in 1,000 years (0.1% to 1% per year). Medium frequency: events that occur from once in 10 years to once in 100 years (1% to 10% per year). High frequency: events that occur more frequently than once in 10 years (greater than 10% per year). The criteria used for severity categorization, based on past hazard events includes: Criteria for Severity Categorization (based on past hazard events): Minor: Limited and scattered property damage; no damage to public infrastructure; contained geographic area; essential services not interrupted; no injuries or fatalities. Serious: Scattered major property damage; some minor infrastructure damage; wider geographic area; essential services are briefly interrupted; some injuries/fatalities. Extensive: Consistent major property damage; major damage to public infrastructure; essential services are interrupted for several hours to several days; many injuries and fatalities. Catastrophic: Property and public infrastructure destroyed; essential services stopped; thousands of injuries and fatalities. Table 2-1 Risk Assessment Matrix, Brewster, MA Vulnerable Area Location Ownership Natural Hazard Primary Problems/Effects Mitigation Benefits Risk H-Historical P- Potential Emergency Response/ Public Health, Safety and Welfare Town-wide Public All Hazards Compromised emergency response/public health, safety and welfare Continued emergency response/improved public health, safety and welfare H and P Repetitive Loss Properties Town-wide Public and Private Flooding; Sea Level Rise; Storm Surge; Hurricanes Damage to public and private property; Cost of cleanup; Compromised public safety Reduced damages to public/private property; Minimized cleanup costs; Improved public safety H and P Floodplains Town-wide Public and Private Flooding; Sea Level Rise; Storm Surge; Hurricanes Damage to public and private property; Cost of cleanup; Compromised public safety Reduced damages to public/private property; Minimized cleanup costs; Improved public safety P Public and Private Property Town-wide Public and Private All hazards Damage to public and private property; Cost of cleanup; Compromised public safety Reduced damages to public/private property; Minimized cleanup costs; Improved public safety H and P Cultural Resources Town-wide Public and Private All hazards Public property damage/cost of cleanup/ compromised public safety/Impacts to cultural resources Reduced damages/costs to public property/improved public safety/limited impacts to cultural resources P Municipally-owned Buildings Town-wide Public Flooding/Wind Public property damage/cost of cleanup/ compromised public safety Reduced damages/costs to public property/improved public safety P Table 2-1 Risk Assessment Matrix, Brewster, MA Vulnerable Area Location Ownership Natural Hazard Primary Problems/Effects Mitigation Benefits Risk H-Historical P- Potential Municipally-owned Infrastructure Town-wide Public Flooding Compromised emergency response/public safety Continued emergency services/Improved public safety H and P Social Distress Town-wide Public and Private All Hazards Impacts to social distress Minimized social distress H and P Fire Management/ Response Town-wide Public and Private Wildfires Public/Private property damage/cost of cleanup/ compromised public safety Reduced damages/costs to public/private property/improved public safety H and P Table 2-2 Natural Hazard Index Brewster, Massachusetts Natural Hazard Frequency (i.e. Very Low, Low, Medium, High) Location (i.e. small/local, medium/regional, large/multiple communities) Severity (i.e. minor, serious, extensive, catastrophic) Hazrd Index (i.e. ranked by combining frequency and severity; 10 - high, 1 - low) Flood-Related Hazards - Riverine/Flash Flooding High Medium/Regional Serious 6 - Inland/Urban Flooding/Heavy Rain High Medium/Regional Serious 6 - Climate Change Medium Large/Multiple Serious 6 - Dam Failures1 N/A N/A N/A 5 - Coastal Flooding High Medium/Regional Extensive 7 - Sea Level Rise High Large/Multiple Serious 6 - Storm Surge High Medium/Regional Serious 6 - Coastal Erosion/Shoreline Change High Medium/Regional Extensive 7 Winter-Related Hazards - Blizzards/Snow/Nor' easter High Large/Multiple Serious 6 - Extreme Cold Low Small/Local Minor 2 Wind-Related Hazards - Hurricanes High Large/Multiple Extensive 8 - Tornadoes2/High Winds High Medium/Regional Extensive 7 - Lightning/Thunderstorms High Small/Local Serious 6 - Hail High Small/Local Serious 6 - Tropical Storm High Large/Multiple Serious 7 Geologic-Related Hazards - Earthquakes Very Low Small/Local Serious 3 - Landslides Very Low Small/Local Minor 2 Drought - Drought High Medium/Regional Minor 5 - Extreme Heat High Small/Local Minor 5 Urban Fire/Wildfire - Urban Fire/Wildfire3 N/A N/A N/A 7 Invasive Species - Multiple Low Small/Local Minor 2 2: Tornadoes not a major issue for Brewster. 1: Hazard Index ranking taken from Massachusetts Hazard Index and Risk Assessment (Feb. 2019). 3: Hazard Index ranking taken from Barnstable County Wildfire Preparedness Plan. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 28 For the purposes of this 2021 plan, based on Table 2-2 Hazard Index – Natural Hazards, the Brewster LHMW determined that the Town is most at risk to the following natural hazards (and has advanced the assessment of the vulnerability of the at-risk areas, and the implications of experiencing these natural disasters): ✓ Riverine/Flash Flooding ✓ Heavy Rain/Inland and Urban Flooding ✓ Climate Change ✓ Coastal Erosion/Shoreline Change ✓ Coastal Flooding ✓ Storm Surge ✓ Dam Failure ✓ Sea Level Rise ✓ Blizzards/Heavy Snow/Winter Weather/Nor’easters ✓ Ice Storms ✓ Extreme Cold ✓ Hurricanes ✓ Tornadoes/High Winds ✓ Lightning/Thunderstorms ✓ Hail ✓ Tropical Storms ✓ Earthquakes ✓ Landslides ✓ Drought ✓ Extreme Heat ✓ Urban Fire/Wildfires ✓ Invasive Species It should be noted that the above hazards are not a complete listing of hazards that may impact Brewster. The Brewster LHMW agreed that this listing accurately represents those hazards that impact the Town most frequently and have the potential to cause fatalities, injuries, property and infrastructure damage, agricultural loss, damage to the environment, interruption of business, or other types of harm of loss. The following natural hazards will not be addressed in this 2021 plan: • Avalanche • Expansive Soils • Land Subsidence • Volcanoes • Tsunamis These hazards were considered and discussed during LHMW meetings, where it was determined these hazards would not be considered for the following reasons: Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 29 • Lack of frequency in which they occur; • The minimal probability of their occurrence; and/or • The lack of resources to devote any amount of time to further research the likelihood or potential occurrence or impact. The hazard-specific tables that follow after each section represent the various significant natural hazard events that have occurred in and around the Town of Brewster, utilizing National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/). All events are county wide (Barnstable), unless otherwise noted. Climate Change Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time and its effects are increasingly impacting Massachusetts. Since climate change has both direct and indirect impacts on the range of natural hazards that Brewster is vulnerable to, the LHMW determined it was most appropriate to include a ‘climate change impacts on’ section to each natural hazard profiled in this plan. Municipal Vulnerability Preparedness Program In 2019, the Town of Brewster completed the Municipal Vulnerability Preparedness (MVP) program through a planning grant provided by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs. The goal of the planning grant was to identify hazards that Brewster faces that are being exacerbated by climate change, and to prioritize actions the Town can take to prepare for identified hazards. The Town became an MVP- Designated community in 2019. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has established a Massachusetts-specific climate data clearing house, resilientma.org, to easily enable municipalities and stakeholders to access regional data for use in climate preparedness planning. Overall, an emphasis on future projections for temperature and precipitation served as the two primary focus areas under this program. Similar to the approach with incorporating climate change into this plan, projections for temperature and precipitation have also been incorporated into the appropriate hazard profiles in this plan update. Hazard Index – Human Caused and Technological Hazards The Brewster LHMW also considered each of the human-caused and technological hazards, however, utilized the standard methodology developed by the State of Massachusetts for scoring risks associated with the identified hazards due to data limitations. The State’s standard methodology considers risk on a county basis and utilizes a range of stakeholders and data sources. Three ranking components were used to identify hazard rankings, including: Likelihood of hazard occurrence (probability); Likely range of impact (predicted location of impact); and Commonwealth Consequence Analysis (estimated effect including damage outcome potential. The Consequence Analysis categories include: Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 30 • Population (injuries, deaths, impacts to first responders and access/functional needs populations) • Government (impacts to municipal buildings/assets, lifeline services and confidence ratings) • Built Environment (impacts critical facilities/infrastructure and private property) • Natural Resources and the Environment (impacts to the environment) • Economy (impacts to economic conditions, business interruption, and economic viability) Table 2-3 Hazard Index – Human Caused and Technological Hazards for this 2021 plan utilizes criteria from the State’s HIRA, including: Criteria for Probability and Likelihood of Hazard Occurrence: Unlikely: less than one percent probability in the next 12-60 months, or less than one chance in the next 100 years. Potential: between one percent and 10 percent probability in the next 12-60 months, or one incident during the next 100 years. Likely: Between 10 percent and 100 percent probability in the next 12-60 months and one incident during the next 10 years. Highly Likely: near 100 percent probability within the next 12-60 months. Criteria for Likely Location and Extent: Small: 10 percent or less of the total jurisdictional boundaries. Medium: 10 percent to 40 percent of the total jurisdictional boundaries Large: 40 percent to 100 percent of the total jurisdictional boundaries. Criteria for Consequence Analysis: Negligible: Minor or no injuries including first responders, minor or no impacts to municipal operations (minutes to several hours), no shutdown of critical infrastructure and scattered private property damage, less than 5 percent impact to natural resources, and minor or no impacts to business sector/very little recovery needed. Limited: Some injuries including first responders, small impacts to municipal operations (several hours to several days), short shutdown of some critical infrastructure and less than 10 percent private property damage, 5 to 20 percent impact to natural resources, and some impacts to business sector/recovery lasts weeks. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 31 Significant: Multiple deaths and severe injuries including first responders, large impacts to municipal operations (multiple days to weeks), medium/significant shutdown of some critical infrastructure and 20 – 50 percent damage to residential property and 10 – 25 percent damage to commercial private property damage, more than 20 percent impact to natural resources, and serious impacts to business sector/recovery lasts months. For the purposes of this 2021 plan, based on Table 2-3 Hazard Index – Human Caused and Technological Hazards, the Brewster LHMW determined that the Town is most at risk to the following hazards (and has advanced the assessment of the vulnerability of the at-risk areas, and the implications of experiencing these hazards): ✓ Cyber Incident ✓ Terrorism ✓ Civil Unrest ✓ Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear ✓ Infrastructure Failure ✓ Hazardous Materials Accident/Spill ✓ Major Aircraft Crash ✓ Catastrophic Dam Failure The Brewster LHMW formed the consensus that public health emergency-related hazards such as infectious diseases (high) and human-caused hazards such as cyber incidents (high) are the major causes of risk to the community. It should be noted that the above hazards are not a complete listing of human- caused and technological hazards that may impact Brewster. The Brewster LHMW agreed that this listing accurately represents those hazards that have the potential to impact the community most frequently and have the potential to cause fatalities, injuries, property and infrastructure damage, agricultural loss, damage to the environment, interruption of business, or other types of harm of loss. The following technological hazard will not be addressed in this 2021 plan: • Nuclear Power Plant Event This hazard was considered and discussed during LHMW meetings, where it was determined it would not be considered for the following reasons: • The Town of Brewster is outside the 10-mile Pilgrim Nuclear Power Plant’s Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ) and is therefore not considered a risk to the community. Table 2-3 Human-Caused and Technological Hazard Index Brewster, Massachusetts Population Government Built Environment Natural Resources/ Environment Economy Natural Hazards Infectious Disease1 Highly Likely Medium Significant Significant Negligible Negligible Significant High Cyber Incident Likely Medium Negligible Limited Significant Limited Limited High Terrorism Likely Medium Significant Negligible Negligible Limited Negligible Moderate Civil Unrest Potential Small Negligible Negligible Limited Negligible Limited Low Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear Unlikely Small Significant Limited Limited Limited Limited Moderate Infrastructure Failure Potential Small Limited Negligible Limited Negligible Limited Moderate Hazardous Materials Accident/Spill Likely Small Significant Negligible Negligible Limited Negligible Moderate Major Aircraft Crash Unlikely Small Significant Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Low Catastrophic Dam Failure Unlikely Small Negligible Negligible Negligible Limited Negligible Moderate 1: Hazard index ranking determined by LHMW. Human-Caused Hazards2 Technological Hazards2 2: Hazard ranking taken from Massachusetts Hazard Index and Risk Assessment (Feb. 2019). Consequence Analysis Hazard Likelihood Range Hazard Index Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 33 2.3.1 Flood-Related Hazards Flooding is the accumulation of water within a water body and the overflow of excess water onto adjacent floodplain lands (FEMA, Multi Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment, 1997). The floodplain is the land adjoining the river/stream channel, ocean or other watercourse or water body that is susceptible to flooding. Flooding results from: large-scale weather systems generating prolonged rainfall; on-shore winds; locally intense thunderstorms; dam failures; or significant snow melt. Floods are capable of undermining buildings and bridges, eroding shorelines and stream banks, uprooting trees, washing out access roads, and causing loss of life and injuries. Also, flash floods (characterized by rapid onset and high velocity waters) carry large amounts of debris that further exacerbate conditions. In Brewster, flooding is often caused by inadequate or poorly functioning drainage systems. Historically, Brewster has been subject to coastal as well as inland flooding. Such flooding is one of the major risks faced by Brewster's residents and visitors during a serious weather event such as a hurricane or torrential downpour. This results in impacts that can range from street flooding to serious flooding resulting in damage to public and private property. Under the NFIP, FEMA is required to develop flood risk data for use in both insurance rating and floodplain management. FEMA develops this data through Flood Insurance Studies (FIS). Detailed analyses are used to generate flood risk data only for developed or developing areas of communities. For undeveloped areas FEMA uses approximate analyses to generate flood risk data. Flood hazard areas are identified in the FEMA FIRMs. Flood hazard areas are divided into zones (V, X, A, etc.) depending on the severity and type of flood threat. These zones are those areas subject to inundation (shallow or deep) by a flood (and/or velocity wave action) that has a 1 percent chance of occurring during any given year. Floodplains in Brewster include ‘AE’, ‘VE’, and ‘X’ Zones (Map 2-3 FEMA Flood Hazard Areas). ‘AE’ Zones are areas that would be inundated by the 100-year flood. The 100-year flood is a regulatory standard used by federal agencies and most states to administer floodplain management programs and is also used by the NFIP as the basis for insurance requirements nationwide. ‘VE’ Zones are velocity zones that are subject to breaking wave action where waves greater than 2.9 feet are forecasted during a 100-year flood or storm surge. ‘X’ Zones are areas that would be inundated by the 500-year flood. Table 2-4 below represents the various significant flood-related hazard events that have occurred in and around the Town of Brewster over time, utilizing NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/). All events are county wide (Barnstable County), unless otherwise noted. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 34 Table 2-4 Significant Flood-Related Events, Barnstable County Hazard Type Date Level/Description Damages Flood 3/5/2001 15'' to 30'' Downed trees and wires; transportation disruptions 6/7/2006 3'' to 5'' $10 K 4/16/2007 60 mph wind gusts $10 K; downed trees and power lines 9/3/2010 4/13/2011 2'' to 6'' $40 K 9/3/2013 5'' to 6'' 11/17/2014 $10 K 7/1/2015 West Brewster 8/11/2015 1/10/2016 Scattered trees and power line damage 7/7/2017 9/6/2017 10/25/2017 2'' to 6.5'' 10/25/2017 West Brewster 10/30/2017 1/23/2018 50 - 55 mph wind gusts 8/4/2018 6.5'' $5 K 8/9/2018 4.5'' $15 K; South Brewster 8/18/2018 1'' to 3'' $15 K 10/29/2018 7/22/2019 9/7/2019 40-60 mph wind gusts Riverine/Flash Flooding 9/15/2005 Cars stuck, Sagamore bridge partially closed; $7K 9/12/2009 Route 130 flooded; businesses and basements flooded; several cars stuck; $5K 9/3/2013 Route 6A, 28, 151 flooded; basements flooded 7/7/2017 Road closures; vehicle flooding Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 35 8/18/2017 Several cars stuck; flooded basements; $50K; South Brewster 8/19/2017 Cars stuck; parking lots flooded; $7K Inland/Urban Flooding/Heavy Rain 9/2/1996 9/18/1996 10/8/1996 10/20/1996 12/7/1996 1.5'' to 2'' Downed trees and power lines; 500,000 people lost power; wind gust to 64 mph; $4 M 3/29/1997 1 to 3'' 7/25/1997 3'' + Wind gusts to 30 to 50 mph; 11/1/1997 2'' to 3.6'' Wind gust 50 to 65 mph; $32 K; power outages 2/18/1998 2'' to 3.37'' Wind gusts 44 to 54 mph 2/23/1998 3'' to 4.26'' Wind gusts 40 to 63 mph; loss of 20ft of dunes; basements flooded 3/8/1998 2'' to 5.44'' Basements flooding; road closures; wind gusts 74 mph 3/18/1998 2''+ 4/1/1998 2''+ 5/6/1998 2'' to 4'' Basements flooded; road damage; Route 186 flooded; stranded cars 6/13/1998 6'' to 12'' $64 M; MBTA flooded; transportation disruption; power outages; bridges knocked out; road closures 8/29/1998 1.23'' to 4'' Wind gust 25 to 52 mph; 1 fatality 9/22/1998 2.75'' to 4.13'' 10/8/1998 4'' to 6'' Route 18 flooded 9/16/1999 6'' to 13'' Wind gusts 60 to 70 mph; downed trees; power lines 10/18/1999 2'' to 5.37'' Wind gusts 45 to 55 mph, downed trees; power line; minor injuries 3/30/2001 3'' to 5.74'' Wind gusts 40 to 50 mph; road closures Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 36 9/22/2002 2.25'' to 3.04'' 3/29/2003 2'' to 4'' Drainage flooding 4/11/2003 1'' to 3'' 3/8/2008 2'' to 3'' $50 K Coastal Flood 2/24/1998 3'' Loss of 20ft of dunes 1/4/2003 $50 K 12/6/2003 $50 K 1/23/2005 $125 K 1/31/2006 $20 K 4/15/2007 1-3'' $5 K 4/16/2007 1-3'' $5 K 4/17/2007 1-3'' $10 K 11/3/2007 1/28/2008 $30 K 6/22/2009 $3 K; transportation disruptions 8/28/2011 10/30/2011 18-24'' 6 fatalities 6/3/2012 $50 K; cars stranded 6/4/2012 2.5' to 4.55' Wind gusts 90 mph 10/29/2012 $435 K 12/27/2012 3/7/2013 $250 K; road flooding 1/3/2014 6'' 1/3/2014 3/26/2014 11/2/2014 1'' to 2'' 1/27/2015 $750 K; wind gusts 50 to 65 mph; two fatalities 2/15/2015 1/4/2018 $200 K 1/30/2018 3/2/2018 10/27/2018 Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Data current through December 2019. Riverine/Flash Flooding Riverine or inland flooding often occurs after heavy rain, particularly in areas of the state with high water tables. These areas are also particularly susceptible to flash flooding caused by rapid runoff occurring after heavy precipitation events, and in combination with spring snowmelt. Frozen ground conditions can also Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 37 contribute to low rainfall infiltration and high runoff events that sometimes result in river flooding. Flood magnitude increases with increasing recurrence interval. The Town of Brewster can be uniformly affected by riverine/flash flooding events, dependent upon the location (amount of impervious surfaces within the area), existing/incoming weather conditions, and time of year (frozen ground conditions exacerbate flooding). Based on the high frequency and serious severity of riverine/flash flooding events, as reported by the National Centers for Environmental Information and indicated in Table 2-4, the Town is considered at high risk for future riverine/flash flooding events. Climate Change Impacts on Riverine/Flash Flooding Riverine flooding will likely be exacerbated by increased storm intensity, as well as by increased precipitation. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) identifies inland flooding in some urban regions as a “key risk” in North America, which may result disrupt people’s livelihood and result in severe health risks. It is also important to note that riverine flooding and coastal flooding due to SLR can have a coupling effect. Rising seas can set a new flood stage in riverine systems, thus increasing flood risk in inland areas adjacent to rivers. Heavy Rain/Inland and Urban Flooding Heavy rains that cause inland and urban flooding are often exacerbated by stormwater-related issues. Thunderstorms, winter storms, coastal storms and nor’easters, and hurricanes all contribute to interior flood related hazards due to the large amounts of precipitation associated with them. Development often compounds the magnitude and frequency of urban flooding by increasing impervious surfaces, also increasing the rate of drainage collection, reducing the carrying capacity of the land, and often overwhelming sewer system infrastructure. Based on the high frequency and serious severity of heavy rain and inland/urban flooding events, as reported by the National Centers for Environmental Information and indicated in Table 2-4, the Town is considered at high risk for future heavy rain/inland and urban flooding events. Climate Change Impacts on Heavy Rain/Inland and Urban Flooding Heavy precipitation events are becoming more frequent and intense. Whether a hurricane, tropical storm, or extra-tropical storm (e.g. a nor’easter), there has been a global increase in both the frequency and the intensity of heavy precipitation events. This trend is consistent with physical responses to a warming climate, such as an increased amount of moisture in the atmosphere. MVP Climate Change Projections on Heavy Rain The average annual precipitation in Brewster is projected to increase up to 10% by 2030s, and similar for 2050s. The largest increases in precipitation are projected to occur during winter months. Table 2-5 below includes precipitation projections beginning with a Baseline (1971 – 2000) through mid-century (2050s) for the Cape Cod Basin. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 38 Table 2-5 Precipitation Projections, Cape Cod Basin Climate Parameter Baseline 1970 - 2000 Projected Change in 2030s Mid-Century 2050s Total Precipitation (inches): Annual 44.9 43.8 – 48.4 44.5 – 49.4 Winter 11.6 11.2 – 12.9 11.4 – 13.2 Spring 11.5 11.5 – 13.0 11.2 – 13.2 Summer 10.2 9.3 – 11.4 9.1 – 11.9 Fall 11.6 10.7 – 12.5 10.6 – 12.7 Annual Days with Precipitation over 1 inch 7.0 7 - 9 8 – 10 Annual Days with Precipitation over 2 inches 1.0 1 - 2 1 - 2 Annual Days with Precipitation over 4 inches 0.0 0 - 0 0 – 0.2 Source: MVP Program, www.resilientma.org. Dam Failure A dam is any artificial barrier with the ability to impound water, wastewater, or any liquid-borne material for the purpose of storage or water control. Dam failure can be a catastrophic type of failure characterized by the sudden, immediate, and uncontrolled release of impounded water, or the likelihood of such an uncontrolled release with secondary impacts to downstream structures within the inundation zone. Inventoried dams are classified by the hazard, which relates to the probable consequences of failure or mis-operation of the dam; it does not relate to the current condition or the likelihood of failure of the dam. A three-tiered hazard classification rates each dam based upon the probable consequences of failure or miss operation of the dam. This system includes: • High Hazard – means a dam where failure or miss operation will result in a probable loss of human life. • Significant Hazard – means a dam where failure or miss operation results in no probable loss of human life but can cause major economic loss, disruption of lifeline facilities, or impact other concerns detrimental to the public’s health, safety, or welfare. Examples of major economic loss include but are not limited to washout of a state of federal highway, washout of two or more municipal roads, loss of vehicular access to residences (e.g. a dead-end road whereby emergency personnel could no longer access residences beyond the washout area), or damage to a few structures. • Low Hazard – means a dam where failure or miss operation results in no probable loss of human life and low economic losses. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 39 On February 10, 2017 Massachusetts Dam Safety Regulations were modified to require owners of significant hazard dams to prepare Emergency Action Plans (EAP) for their dams. This requirement became effective on February 10, 2017 when the Department of Conservation & Recreation (DCR), Office of Dam Safety (ODS) promulgated regulatory changes mandated by amended General Laws Part 1-Title II, Chapter 21, Section 65 (b)-Emergency Action Plans for high and significant hazard dams. There is only one inventoried dam located within the Town of Brewster, Lower Mill Pond Dam which is owned by the Town (Table 2-6). Table 2-6 Inventoried Dams in Brewster, MA Name MA ID # Ownership Hazard Dams Lower Mill Pond Dam 01076 Town of Brewster Low Source: Brewster LHMW Lower Mill Pond Dam (a.k.a. Stony Brook Dam) Lower Mill Pond Dam impounds the Lower Mill Pond, a 51-acre pond used for recreation and owned by the Town of Brewster. The construction date for the dam is unknown but is likely prior to 1900. Due to deficiencies identified from the September 29, 2010 Phase 1 Inspection, the dam was constructed in 2013. An Operations and Maintenance Manual was developed in 2013, following reconstruction of the dam. The dam is considered to be a low downstream hazard risk, and thus, an EAP is not required. Owner: Town of Brewster National Inventory #: MA01076 Type: Earthen embankment with concrete and masonry wall Tributary: Lower Mill Pond Height: 6.5 feet Storage Capacity: 690 acres/feet (includes in Upper Mill Pond/Walkers Pond) Last Inspection: September 29, 2010 Hazard Classification: Low Hazard EAP: Not required O & M: Yes Should there be a dam breach, the immediate areas surrounding the structure, as well as properties located downstream (within the inundation zone) of the structure are most vulnerable. There have been no recorded dam failures in Brewster. Based on the hazard index ranking taken from the Massachusetts Hazard Index and Risk Assessment, the Town is considered at medium risk for future dam failure events. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 40 Climate Change Impacts on Dams The increase in precipitation and frequency of intense rainfall events, which will cause an increase in river discharge and peak flows, may also lead to overtopping and damage of aging dams or structures in need of repair and maintenance. Coastal erosion is another hazard that occurs during large coastal storm events and through natural processes. Shorelines change constantly in response to wind, waves, tides, sea level fluctuation, seasonal and climatic variations, human interaction, and other factors that move sand and material within a coastal shoreline system. Coastal erosion is expected to increase due to the increase in storm intensity and associated flooding. The IPCC found that coastal and low-lying areas have been experiencing increased erosion, and will continue to do so, due to SLR, in North America and throughout the world. Erosion has been noted to be of concern in the northeastern U.S. and in their study of climate change impacts in the northeastern U.S., Horton et al. (2014) noted that increased rates of coastal erosion are likely to compromise aging coastal infrastructure, including transportation, communications, and energy infrastructure. At the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM), through the Shoreline Change Project, ocean-facing shorelines along the Massachusetts coast were delineated and analyzed to illustrate trends from the mid-1800s to 2009. Offered for the general public’s use through the Massachusetts Ocean Resource Information System (MORIS), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant Program, and Cape Cod Cooperative Extension calculated shoreline change rates, then CZM incorporated the shorelines and shore-perpendicular transects with the change rates. The CCC developed Map 2-1 Shoreline Change which depicts the change in shoreline over time. The rate of erosion along the Atlantic shore is about 3.1 feet per year and somewhat less along Cape Cod Bay. Most changes in the shoreline resulting from erosion and deposition occur primarily during storm events coupled with “spring” tides. Brewster’s ongoing shoreline erosion unrelated to storm damage also has potential to create small scale critical impacts in Brewster. Tidal Restrictions In December 2001, the Cape Cod Commission completed the Cape Cod Atlas of Tidally Restricted Salt Marshes. This atlas presented the findings of a study undertaken to identify salt marsh systems impaired by the restriction of tidal flow along the coast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The scope of the work was limited to sites where salt marshes have been impacted by transportation related facilities such as roads, railroads, causeways, and footpaths, as well as cranberry bog infrastructure. The Atlas was designed to help the region identify Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 41 and target funds to those projects that best address specific community or regional salt marsh restoration goals. The Cape Cod Atlas identifies seven sites in Brewster, a number of which have since been remediated (see Capability Section). Typically, this means that these are sites at which culverts are not properly sized to accommodate natural tidal flow, or such infrastructure is broken, collapsed, or otherwise unable to function properly. The locations of these tidal restrictions are important to hazard mitigation planning because they indicate where flooding can occur during a storm event. The tidal restrictions constrain the natural flow of tidal waters; as a result, these locations are subject to flooding when tidal waters “back up” on one side of the culvert, overflowing channel banks. In the context of hazard mitigation, all of these remaining locations should be considered for infrastructure resizing and/or repair/replacement to eliminate their potential for causing flooding. There are of course salt marsh and other wetland impacts (either positive or negative) that will result from such work that must be factored into the permitting and construction of these infrastructure improvement projects. Restoration of these tidal flows will also allow for re-establishment of normal salt marsh vegetation and will quickly kill off the massive beds of invasive Phragmites that have made these areas their home. There are two large marsh systems in Brewster, Quivett Creek/Paine's Creek Marsh (Brewster/Dennis) and Namskaket Marsh (Brewster/Orleans). Sites with remaining work needed include: A. Site BR-2: Brewster - Cranberry Bog Berm Restriction of Channel off Quivett Creek (Privately Owned): Inactive cranberry bogs dot this marsh. Berms built to support the past cranberry farming are still in place, severing the tidal flow. A six-inch pipe forms the only connection from the bogs to the marsh, allowing in only a fraction of the tidal flow to pass upstream. The scour, bank erosion and vegetation die-off are each evident and are among the worst observed. B. Site BR-3: Brewster - Cranberry Bog Berm Restriction of Channel off Quivett Creek (Privately Owned): This site also involves another pipe designed to allow under an old cranberry bog berm. This pipe prevents any waters from naturally flushing the upstream affected area. The upstream effected area is dominated by Phragmites. At the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM), through the Shoreline Change Project, ocean-facing shorelines along the Massachusetts coast were delineated and analyzed to illustrate trends from the mid-1800s to 2009. Offered for the general public’s use through the Massachusetts Ocean Resource Information System (MORIS), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant Program, and Cape Cod Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 42 Cooperative Extension calculated shoreline change rates, then CZM incorporated the shorelines and shore-perpendicular transects with the change rates. Map 2-1 (Appendix A) shows the entire coastline of Brewster in a series of transects from west to east, as vulnerable to shoreline change representing shorelines from 1868 through 2009. Based on the high frequency and extensive severity of coastal erosion/shoreline events, as reported by the Massachusetts Ocean Resource Information System (MORIS), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant Program, and Cape Cod Cooperative Extension, the Town is considered at high risk for future coastal erosion/shoreline change events. Sea Level Rise Sea level is the level of the sea’s surface relative to the land. Sea level changes can be caused by absolute changes of the sea level and/or by absolute movements of the land either through post glacial isostatic re-adjustment of the lithosphere, the rigid upper layers of the earth, or by extraction of water or other resources that cause the land to sink. The IPCC continues to better understand the science and implications of climate change and SLR. Rising sea levels, as a direct result of warmer temperatures and glacial ice melt, threaten low-lying coastal areas through coastal flooding, coastal erosion, wetland inundation and saltwater intrusion. Localized land subsidence, also on the rise, also contributes to accelerated impacts of SLR. Over the last 100 years, sea levels have risen 0.56 feet globally. The average rate of rise between 1961 and 2003 was 0.07 inches per year; however, that rate nearly doubled to 0.12 inches per year between 1993 and 2003.6 Although the rate of SLR is accelerating, it is not expected to be globally uniform, where some areas will be more substantially inundated than others. Over the last several years, the incidence of coastal damage caused by storm- driven tides has increased. After spending money year after year to repair this damage and restore the Town’s beaches to their previous status, the Town has started altering beaches to better weather these storms and their associate tides. As recently as the winter of 2013, winter storms and their high tides have been responsible for the erosion of large areas of beach, as well as the destruction of staircases, walkways and other beach-related structures. Brewster is also incorporating sea level rise into their Integrated Water Resources Management Plan as a means to anticipate issues with septic systems and appropriate separation to groundwater as sea level rises, particularly in coastal areas already known for high groundwater. 6 IPCC. (2007). Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Summary for Policymakers. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva, Switzerland: UNEP. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 43 NOAA’s Office of Coastal Zone Management – Digital Coast developed a series of sea level rise data layers under various scenarios. The CCC developed Map 2-2 Sea Level Rise Scenarios which depicts projected SLR increases for one- foot, three-feet, five-feet, and seven-feet. Based on the high frequency and serious severity of SLR observed and projected, the Town is considered at high risk for continued future SLR impacts. Coastal Flooding Coastal storm surge is typically defined as the abnormal rise in water level caused by the wind and pressure forces of a hurricane and/or nor’easter. Brewster experiences coastal flooding several times per year due to coastal storm surges resulting mainly from winter storms and nor’easters. Storm Tide Pathways7 Coastal tourism, recreational use and enjoyment of natural, coastal resources, and the ecosystem services these resources provide are large contributors to the State’s economy. To sustain activities such as these, managers, first responders, and public works professionals in low-lying coastal communities need information in real-time, and for future planning purposes, that is responsive to the threats posed by coastal hazards such coastal storms and related flooding on a scale commensurate with their responsibilities. Presently, many low-lying coastal areas flood regularly during high water storm events with some beginning to flood during monthly spring tides. Storm tide pathways (STPs) describe spatially how coastal waters will flow inland during a flooding event associated with storm surge, extreme high tides, or sea level rise. Independent of long-term sea level rise projections, storm surge projections considered in the context of contemporary storms of record and accurate ground elevation data can be used to map the location of storm tide pathways with a high degree of certainty. In 2019, the Center for Coastal Studies worked with ten Cape communities (including Brewster) to identify 1,505 pathways from the Cape Cod Canal to Race Point Lighthouse. Based on the desktop analysis and the field verification, a total of 74 storm tide pathways were identified in the Brewster area. Of that total 20 were identified as potentially tidally restricted (i.e., subject to potentially restricted flow conditions due to the presence of culverts and other flow limiting structures or conditions). The project storm of record used for Brewster is the January 27, 2015 storm. This study has identified 12 pathways in Brewster that are 12 inches above the water level recorded by the USGS Sesuit Harbor tide gauge (16.4 ft Mean Lower Low Water: Average of the lowest low water of each tidal day observed at a specific location/MLLW). Such a 1-foot increase in total water level is likely to flood approximately 49 acres of land and represent new areas of flooding that town staff may not be aware of but might want to consider for future planning (Figure 2-1). The National Weather Service provides 7 Mapping Storm Tide Pathways in Cape Cod Bay, MA. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 44 descriptions of the likely impacts associated with approaching storm tides characterized by general categories with suggested action levels or stages for communities threatened by approaching storms: • Action Stage: The water level at which some mitigation action should be considered in preparation for an approaching coastal storm tide. • Minor Flooding Stage: The water level at which some public threat, such as minor flooding of low-lying roads and infrastructure may be anticipated although minimal or no property damage is expected. • Moderate Flooding Stage: The water level at which some inundation of structures and roads and possibly some evacuation of people and/or transfer of property to higher elevations can be anticipated. • Major Flooding Stage: The water level at which extensive inundation of structures, properties and roads and significant evacuation of people to higher elevations can be anticipated. Figure 2-1 Storm Tide Pathways and Inundation Extent, Brewster Source: https://stormtides.org/ There are a number of STPs identified for Brewster that should be examined further (and perhaps periodically within dynamic settings) on a case-by-case basis to monitor the risk associated with them (Table 2-7). Table 2-7 Storm Tide Pathways, Brewster Storm Tide Pathway ID Location Major Flooding Stage STPs 41-68 Terminus of Linnell Landing Rd. 41-60 Chapman Lane 41-44 Breakwater Beach 41-50 Breakwater Rd. at approach to Breakwater Landing 41-33 Lower Rd. east of Bloomer Path Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 45 41-31 Lower Rd. east of Bloomer Path 41-18 Paine's Creek Rd. north of Lower Rd. 41-17 Lower Rd./Paine's Creek Rd. 41-16 Lower Rd./Main Street Moderate Flooding Stage STPs 41-70 Terminus of Crosby Lane at Town Landing 41-49 Breakwater Road 41-8 Robbins Hill Beach parking lot 41-14 Main St. east of Lower Rd. 41-13 Main St. east of Lower Rd. Minor Flooding Stage STPs 41-45 Breakwater Road 41-46 Breakwater Road 41-2 Main St. north of Candlestick Lane 41-1 Sea St. north of Main Street Action Stage STPs 41-71 Crosby Lane 41-9 Warrens Rd./Robbins Hill Rd. 41-10 Warrens Rd./Robbins Hill Rd. Source: https://stormtides.org/ Based on the high frequency and extensive severity of coastal flooding events, as reported by the National Centers for Environmental Information and indicated in Table 2-4, the Town is considered at high risk for future coastal flooding events. Climate Change Impacts on Coastal Flooding Future increases in relative sea level will intensify coastal flooding and will ultimately lead to the loss of recreation areas, public space, and wetlands along the coast. Residential and commercial structures, roads, and bridges on or near the coast will be more prone to flooding. SLR will also reduce the effectiveness and integrity of existing seawalls and revetments, which were designed for historically lower water levels. Lower elevations will become increasingly susceptible to flooding as storm surge reaches further inland due to both SLR in concert with a probable increase in the frequency and intensity of storms predicted from climate change. The future rise in relative sea level will increase the extent of flood damage over time. Importantly, increased flooding means both an increase in the areas that are flooded and an increase in the depth of floodwaters. This is because SLR will expand existing floodplains, causing flooding in places which have not previously experienced flooding, as well as result in deeper floodwaters in previously flooded areas. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 46 Nuisance flooding, also referred to as high tide flooding, increasingly occurs in coastal locations both locally and globally as a result of SLR, which causes high tides that are higher than they were historically. Nuisance flooding may affect individual coastal properties, as well as roads, parking lots, and other public or commercial infrastructure in low-lying areas. This type of flooding has increased five- to ten-fold since the 1960s in several U.S. coastal cities, and rates of increase are accelerating in dozens of cities on the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Like other types of coastal flooding, nuisance flooding will continue increasing in depth, frequency and extent over the 21st century. Flood Hazard Areas FEMA Flood Zones Inland flooding caused by major rainstorms combined with stormwater related issues and increasing development and impervious surfaces has been determined as one of the highest risk of natural disaster to the community. HW performed a Vulnerability Analysis that considered those areas in Town impacted by the various flood zones according to land use type, critical facilities, and critical infrastructure. An Economic Analysis of the impacts based on FEMA’s flood zones follows later in this section (Tables 2-19 through 2-21). VE/Velocity Flood Zone The VE Zones are velocity zones that are subject to breaking wave action where waves greater than 2.9 feet are forecasted during a 100-year flood or storm surge. Below is a breakdown of the number of parcels (by land use type), critical facilities, and vulnerable populations susceptible to inundation in the VE/Velocity Flood Zone: Parcels affected: (410 parcels in total) • Charitable: 8 • Commercial: 1 • Hotel/Motel/Inn: 1 • Improved – Selectmen (Town): 1 • Multiple Use Property: 2 • Other Land: 23 • Outdoor Recreation: 3 • Public Service: 1 • Residential: 320 • Vacant – Developable: 6 • Vacant – Undevelopable: 12 • Vacant – Conservation (Town): 10 • Vacant – Selectmen (Town): 14 AE/100-Year Flood Zone The AE zone or 100-year flood zone (has a 1% chance of flooding occurring each year) is a regulatory standard used by federal agencies and most states to administer floodplain management programs and is also used by the NFIP as the Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 47 basis for insurance requirements nationwide. Below is a breakdown of the number of parcels (by land use type), critical facilities, and critical infrastructure susceptible to inundation in the AE/100-Year Flood Zone: Parcels affected: (1,680 parcels in total) • Charitable: 57 • Commercial: 5 • Electric Generation: 1 • Hotel/Motel/Inn: 4 • Improved - Selectmen (Town): 4 • Mining/Quarrying: 1 • Multiple Use Property: 12 • Office: 3 • Other Land: 38 • Outdoor Recreation: 7 • Productive Land: 1 • Residential: 1,344 • State: 13 • Storage/Warehouse:1 • Utility: 2 • Vacant – Developable: 37 • Vacant – District: 1 • Vacant – Undevelopable: 49 • Vacant – Conservation (Town): 66 • Vacant – Conservation (other Town): 1 • Vacant – Selectmen (Town): 33 • Vacant – Tax/Title (Town): 1 Critical Facilities affected: • Brewster Well #4/Greensand Filtration Treatment Facility • Lower Mill Pond Dam/Stony Brook Dam • MA-6A/Stony Brook Tributary Culvert (2) X/500-Year Flood Zone The X zone or 500-year flood zone is a flood that has a 0.2% chance of occurring each year. Below is a breakdown of the number of parcels (by land use type), critical facilities, and critical infrastructure impacted by the X flood zone: Parcels affected: (1,087 parcels in total) • Charitable: 29 • Hotel/Motel/Inn: 1 • Multiple Use Property: 6 • Office: 4 • Other Land: 11 • Outdoor Recreation: 1 Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 48 • Productive Land: 8 • Religious: 1 • Residential: 981 • Vacant – Developable: 3 • Vacant – District: 1 • Vacant – Undevelopable: 22 • Vacant – Conservation (Town): 9 • Vacant – Selectmen (Town): 9 • Vacant – Tax/Title (Town): 1 Property at Risk from Flood-Related Hazards While the Town has done extensive work to improve flooding risks in many areas, there are still places where flooding can occur even after a brief downpour. Flooding in several locations has been serious enough to make travel hazardous, both within Brewster and when travelling between Brewster and adjacent towns. Increases in intensity of rainfall caused by climate change have exacerbated flooding issues in Brewster. Critical Facilities Critical facilities are those public or private facilities that possess added value to the community and deserve additional consideration when determining mitigation strategies to protect these resources from natural hazard risks. A list of critical facilities provided by the Town was reviewed and approved with modifications by the Brewster LHMW. 46 critical facilities have been identified and are presented in Map 2-4 Critical Facilities (Appendix A). A number of the Town’s critical facilities are located in high hazard areas, including the Brewster Well #4/Greensand Filtration Treatment Facility, Lower Mill Pond Dam/Stony Brook Dam, and the MA 6A/Stony Brook Tributary Culvert, all located in the 100- Year flood zone. Floodplains in Brewster include ‘VE’, ‘AE’ and ‘X’ Zones, Map 2-3 FEMA Flood Zones (Appendix A). Locally Identified Areas of Flooding Information on flood hazard areas was taken from several sources. Originally were the National Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs), then FEMA Flood Zones, shown on Map 2-3 Flooding in Appendix A. The second was discussions with local officials and finally from review of existing plans, studies and reports. Some of these areas do not necessarily coincide with the flood zones, they may be areas that flood due to inadequate drainage systems (throughout the community) or other local conditions such as storm tide pathways. Locally identified areas include portions of Route 6A (Lower Road and sections adjacent to the Dennis and Orleans town lines), Underpass Road and Drummer Boy Park, Tidally-restricted areas (Sea Street and Paine’s Creek Road), and the roadways/areas identified in the storm tide pathways discussion earlier in this section. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 49 Probability of Future Occurrence of Flood-Related Hazards As new development and urbanization continues, with the increase of impervious surfaces increasing the rate of drainage collection and reducing the carrying capacity of the land, it is likely urban flooding and stormwater runoff events will also increase on a more frequent basis with even lower storm events. With the continuing increase in frequency and severity of events, the Town will continue to be at high risk for extensive damages at a medium/regional level for flood-related events (Table 2-2 Hazard Index). 2.3.2 Winter-Related Hazards Winter weather events can include heavy snows, ice, and extreme cold and can affect the entire Town of Brewster. Heavy snow can bring the community to a standstill by inhibiting mobility (transportation networks, pedestrian travel), knocking down trees and utility lines, and cause structural collapses in older buildings. Ice buildup can down utility lines and communication towers. The impacts of both events can cause indirect issues such as freezing/rupturing pipes from lack of heat, while also changing the ground’s frost level, creating problems for underground infrastructure. Table 2-8 below represents the various significant winter-related hazard events that have occurred in and around the Town of Brewster over time, utilizing NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/). All events are county wide (Barnstable County), unless otherwise noted. Table 2-8 Significant Winter-Related Events, Barnstable County Hazard Type Date Level/Description Damages Heavy Snow 1/7/1996 15-25'' $8 M; roof collapsed; 10 animal fatalities 1/10/1996 4-8'' 2/2/1996 1ft Schools/business/civic cancellations 2/16/1996 3-5'' 3/2/1996 6-12'' Transportation disruptions 4/7/1996 6-10'' Power outages 1/11/1997 6-9'' Transportation disruptions 2/16/1997 6-7'' Wind gusts 30-40 mph 4/1/1997 20-30'' Wind gusts 30- 50 mph; power outages; roofs collapsed; transportation disruptions 12/24/1998 9 '' + 2/25/1999 2ft Wind gusts 67 mph; 1 fatality Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 50 3/15/1999 11'' Transportation disruptions; schools closed 1/13/2000 4-6'' 1/20/2000 5-7'' 1/20/2001 10'' 3/26/2001 5-10'' 12/5/2002 2-5'' 1/23/2003 2-7'' 2/24/2005 4-8'' 1/27/2008 $20 K; transportation disruptions 12/19/2008 8-12'' $5 K; wind gusts of 30-40 mph; 1 fatality; trees and wires down 12/20/2010 2-4'' 1/21/2012 8-12'' 2/8/2013 8-17'' Wind gusts of 74 mph; trees down; power outages; 1/2/2014 7-16'' 1/21/2014 3-12'' 2/15/2014 5-15'' 3/5/2015 6-2'' 2/5/2016 4-8'' $15 K; downed trees Winter Storm 2/7/2003 12-16'' Transportation disruptions 2/17/2003 1 to 2ft 3/6/2003 5-10'' $50 K; transportation disruptions 12/5/2003 1-2ft Wind gusts of 58 mph 2/18/2004 4-8'' 12/26/2004 10-18'' Wind gusts 55 mph; power outages 1/22/2005 1-3ft Wind gusts of 65 mph 3/1/2005 5-10'' $75 K; downed wires; transportation disruptions 10/29/2005 1-3'' $35 K: downed trees; scattered power outages 2/12/2006 6'' + $10 K; downed trees and wires 12/19/2009 18-20'' $25 K; travel disruptions; wind gusts of 44 mph 2/10/2010 2-9'' $15 K; downed trees; power outages 1/7/2017 8-15'' 2/9/2017 5-10'' 3/10/2017 6-9'' Blizzards 2/8/13 2-2.5'' Wind gusts between 72 and 83 mph Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 51 1/3/2014 6-2'' 35 mph wind gusts 3/26/2014 4-6'' $65 K; downed wires and trees 1/26/2015 2-3ft 2 fatalities; wind gusts of 50-65 mph 2/14/2015 7-4'' Wind gusts of 64 mph 1/23/2016 6-16'' $70 K; wind gusts 63 mph; downed transformers, wires, limbs 2/8/2016 5-11'' 3/13/2018 5-15'' $25 K; wind gusts of 70-80 mph Extreme Cold/Wind Chill 2/14/2016 32 degrees below 0 Winter Weather 3/3/1996 11/30/1999 1-3'' Transportation disruptions 2/25/2001 2 fatalities 2/17/2013 3-6'' 3/21/2013 2-10'' 2/2/2015 2-4'' 2/8/2015 1-7'' Several roof collapses 2/25/2015 2-5'' 3/1/2015 1-5'' Several roof collapses 4/4/2016 2-4'' 12/17/2016 2-3'' 1/30/2018 1-6'' Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, www.ncdc.noaa.gov., current through December 2019. Snow/Blizzards/Winter Storms/Nor’easters Winter storms often include natural hazards such as extreme winds, coastal erosion and flooding. Utility and power lines can break from the weight of snow or ice coupled with strong winds. This could put residents at risk of losing heat, electricity, and water (if using well water). Snow melting poses problems as well such as road flooding in low lying areas. The Town has experienced heavy snow and winter storms which have become more frequent over the past several years. Over the weekend of January 23, 2005, one of the worst blizzards in recent memory occurred. With a total of almost 36’’ of snow falling in Brewster in 24 hours and wind gusts up to 75 mph, this storm brought Brewster to a standstill, with the exception of the Brewster Fire and Rescue which made 92 fire and rescue calls during this storm event. Roads were hazardous and drifts of up to ten feet greatly reduced driving sight lines and visibility. Two weeks later, roads were still not completely cleared and significantly drifts still remained, making it hard to see approaching vehicles at driveways or intersections. The blizzard helped to identify areas subject to excessive blowing and drifting snow as well as issues regarding resident Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 52 notifications, coordination of snow removal and access to community facilities and shelters. A line squall on December 9, 2005 lasted only a few minutes but caused extensive damage from hurricane force winds and blowing snow. Numerous trees were uprooted, limbs snapped, power lines downed and roads blocked by trees, limbs and other debris. The storm took place as the school day was ending, adding school buses and walking students to the mix of vehicles and pedestrians caught in the storm. Power was out for over 24 hours and shelters were opened. Despite the progress of this storm from town to town across the Cape, towns did not warn other towns about the severity of the storm. In addition, since many local radio stations are automated, there were no warnings given on the radio concerning the severity of the storm. This storm event brought to light the need for improved communication between towns, and improved weather alerts from local radio stations. Heavy snow affects the entire state, but the highest amounts typically occur in the northern and northwestern areas of the state. Usually, the impact and vulnerability of winter weather is measured in terms of the financial costs associated with preparing for, responding to, and recovering from the event. The Town uniformly continues to experience heavy snow and winter storms with greater frequency and severity, as reported by the National Centers for Environmental Information and indicated in Table 2-8. The Town is considered at high risk for heavy snow/blizzards/winter storms/nor’easters. Climate Change Impacts on Heavy Snow Events Climate change will result in increased average global temperatures. These impacts are already being felt in New England, as average winter temperatures in the region have risen 3.8°F in the last 30 years. Although at first glance this would appear to make winters less severe the Northeast has experienced the largest increase in extreme precipitation events in the country, which often fall as heavy wet snow in the winter. Extreme Cold Extreme cold events often accompany winter storms, may be left in their wake, or occur without any associated storm activity, and can lead to hypothermia and frostbite. Extreme cold temperatures vary dependent on the normal climate of the region however, Brewster can expect to be uniformly affected. For Massachusetts, extreme cold typically means temperatures below zero degrees Fahrenheit. Extreme cold can adversely affect people - some more than others, infants and residents 65 years of age or more are especially vulnerable. Based on the low frequency and minor severity of extreme cold events over time, as reported by the National Centers for Environmental Information and indicated in Table 2-8, the Town is considered at low risk to extreme cold. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 53 Climate Change Impacts on Extreme Cold Temperatures Climate change will result in increased average global temperatures, which will likely decrease the number of extreme cold days. This decrease in extreme cold days has already been documented and is expected to continue. MVP Climate Change Projections on Extreme Cold Temperatures As mentioned above, climate change impacts will result in increased average temperatures so the number of extreme cold days is expected to decrease. Brewster should experience far fewer days with temperatures below freezing, and thus, will expend less energy on heating in the winter months. Table 2-9 below includes temperature projections (Annual and Winter) with a Baseline (1971 – 2000) through mid-century (2050s) for the Cape Cod Basin. Table 2-9 Extreme Cold Temperature Projections, Cape Cod Basin Climate Parameter Baseline 1970 - 2000 Projected Change in 2030s Mid-Century 2050s Average Annual Temperature (°F) 49.9 51.7 – 53.3 52.3 – 55.3 Average Winter Temperature (°F) 31.9 49.5 – 35.6 34.4 – 37.6 Minimum Annual Temperature (°F) 42.1 44.0 – 45.6 44.8 – 47.6 Minimum Winter Temperature (°F) 24.1 26.1 – 28.1 27.0 – 30.2 Annual Days with Minimum Temperature Below 32 (°F) 105 91 – 77 86 - 63 Winter Days with Minimum Temperature Below 32 (°F) 71 65 - 59 64 - 51 Annual Heating Degree-Days (Base 65 °F) 5,957 5,482 – 6,648 5,271 – 4,583 Winter Heating Degree-Days (Base 65 °F) 2,996 2,832 – 2,649 2,776 – 2,476 Source: MVP Program, www.resilientma.org Property at Risk from Winter-Related Hazards New England experiences winter storms in more extreme ways than most of the rest of the country. The average annual snowfall for the entire town is 24.1 – 36.0 inches (Map 2-5 Average Annual Snowfall, Appendix A). The most dangerous hazard associated with winter storms, is the possibility of citizens losing power due to downed trees and utility lines (loss of heat, electricity and water). Other minor hazards include flooding during snow melt and treacherous roadways due to ice, snow and downed wires/trees making roadways impassable, particularly for emergency vehicles. Probability of Future Occurrence of Winter-Related Events According to past history and climatic conditions, and the inability to predict extreme snow and temperature events, the Town will continue to be at high risk Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 54 for extensive damages at a large/multiple community level for blizzard/snow/nor’easter events, and low risk for minor impacts for extreme cold events (Table 2-2 Hazard Index). 2.3.3 Wind-Related Hazards Wind is the movement of air caused by a difference in pressure from one place to another. Local wind systems are created by the immediate geographic features in a given area, such as mountains, valleys, or large bodies of water. Wind effects can include blowing debris, interruptions in elevated power and communications utilities, and intensification of the effects of other hazards related to winter weather and severe storms. Massachusetts is susceptible to high wind from several types of weather events: before and after frontal systems, hurricanes and tropical storms, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes, and Nor’easters. Sometimes, wind gusts of only 40 to 45 mph can cause scattered power outages from trees and wires being downed.8 Based on historical tornado and hurricane data, FEMA has produced a map that depicts maximum wind speeds for design of safe rooms. The Commonwealth is located within Wind Zone II, with speeds up to 180 mph (Figure 2-2). The entire Commonwealth is also located within the hurricane- susceptible region. Massachusetts wind events can produce damage often associated with thunderstorms or tornadoes. Figure 2-2 Wind Zones in the United States Source: FEMA 8 2018 State Hazard Mitigation and Climate Adaptation Plan, Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 55 Table 2-10 below represents the various significant wind-related hazard events that have occurred in and around the Town of Brewster over time, utilizing NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/). All events are county wide (Barnstable County), unless otherwise noted. Table 2-10 Significant Wind-Related Events, Barnstable County Hazard Type Date Level/Description Damages Hurricanes 9/1/1938 Category 3 9/1/1944 Category 4 8/31/1954 Carol 9/11/1954 Edna 9/12/1960 Donna 9/27/1985 Gloria 8/19/1991 Bob 9/1/2010 Earl 8/28/2011 Irene $3.7 M; Tropical Storm 10/29/2012 Sandy Tornadoes 8/9/1968 F1 $2.5 K 8/22/1977 F1 $25 K 10/29/2018 EF0 $30 K 7/23/2019 EF1 $1.2M; downed trees Strong Winds 12/7/1996 $4 M; downed trees and wires; power outages 12/24/1996 40-50 mph Power outages 1/10/1997 47-55 mph 2/17/1997 30-40 mph 2/18/1997 35-45 mph 3/6/1997 50-77 mph Power outages 3/26/1997 50-55 mph Scattered power outages 3/31/1997 60-64 mph Downed trees; power outages 4/1/1997 30-50 mph $6-7 M; power outages 7/25/1997 70 mph 8/21/1997 40-45 mph Trees downed; $9 K 10/20/1997 60 kts 11/1/1997 81 mph Power outages; $3.13 K 11/27/1997 71 mph $22 K; power outages 12/2/1997 35-45 mph 12/14/1997 62 mph Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 56 12/29/1997 68 mph $31 K; downed trees and wires 1/28/1998 45 mph 2/4/1998 44-58 mph 2/18/1998 65 mph 2/24/1998 $1.25 K 3/9/1998 3/21/1998 3/26/1998 4/9/1998 4/23/1998 Trees/phone lines downed 5/9/1998 6/27/1998 $2 K 11/11/1998 Power outages 11/26/1998 1 fatality 12/1/1998 12/18/1998 12/22/1998 12/30/1998 1/3/1999 Downed trees and wires; power outages 1/15/1999 1/18/1999 downed wires; power outages; lighting fire in home 1/24/1999 2/2/1999 2/25/1999 1 fatality; 3/4/1999 Power outages; downed wires 3/8/1999 3/22/1999 Downed trees; power outages; transportation disruptions 9/30/1999 10/14/1999 Downed tree branches; power outages 10/18/1999 Downed trees and powerlines 11/2/1999 Downed trees 12/30/1999 1/10/2000 1/12/2000 Downed trees Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 57 1/16/2000 1/21/2000 2/14/2000 3/17/2000 3/28/2000 4/4/2000 Downed trees 4/8/2000 5/18/2000 Power outages 6/6/2000 Power outages 10/28/2000 Power outages 10/31/2000 12/25/2000 12/30/2000 2/10/2001 2/11/2001 2/17/2001 3/30/2001 50-55 kts 12/16/2005 50 kts. $40 K: downed trees and wires 1/15/2006 31 kts. $5 K; downed trees 1/18/2006 47 kts. $5 K; downed trees; 1 fatality 2/17/2006 50 kts. $10 K; 1 fatality; downed trees 11/23/2006 30 kts. $2 K; downed trees 10/28/2008 44 kts. $50 K; downed trees 1/28/2009 46 kts. $5 K; 6/22/2009 40 kts. $5 K; downed utility poles 4/29/2010 40 kts. $5 K; downed trees on power lines 8/23/2010 42 kts. $20 K; downed trees and wires 1/12/2011 48 kts. $15 K; power outages 7/4/2014 39 kts. $2 K; trees downed 12/7/2014 40 kts. Scattered power outages 1/10/2016 40 kts. $5 K; downed trees 9/5/2016 40 kts. $70 K; downed trees 12/18/2016 44 kts. $10 K; 1/23/2017 36 kts. $2 K; downed trees 1/24/2017 36 kts. $1 K; downed trees 3/2/2017 45 kts. $10 K; downed trees and wires 3/5/2018 43 kts. $2 K Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 58 3/7/2018 35 kts. $2 K; downed trees and wires 4/16/2018 46 kts. $3 K 10/15/2018 45 kts. $1 K; downed trees 12/18/2018 40 kts. $1 K; downed trees 4/15/2019 43 kts. $1 k; downed trees, wind gusts to 40 to 50 mph 10/16/2019 $50k; downed trees 10/17/2019 $50k; downed trees Lightning/Thunderstorms 7/26/1999 Downed trees; house fires; power outages 5/8/2000 1 injury 5/27/2001 2 injuries 4/17/2002 1 injury 8/5/2002 $5 K; power outages 8/16/2003 $2.5 M; downed trees 7/2/2004 $20 K; downed trees and power lines; house fires 11/10/2005 38 kt $5 K; power outages 6/20/2006 $100 K 7/18/2006 $15 K; downed wires and trees 1/11/2008 $2 K 8/12/2008 $5 K 8/16/2008 $10 K; downed trees; house fire 7/1/2009 1 fatality 7/2/2009 1 injury 9/8/2011 $15 K; house fire 7/18/2012 $10 K; downed trees; power outages 8/28/2012 2 injuries 7/3/2014 $75 K 7/1/2016 $15 K 8/9/2018 $5 K; West and East Brewster 8/18/2018 $5 K 7/17/2019 $2k; flooding; house fire 7/22/2019 $5k; house fire; flooding High Winds 1/19/1996 1/24/1996 50 Kts 1/27/1996 Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 59 3/3/1996 54 Kts 7/13/1996 50 Kts 9/2/1996 67 Kts Downed trees 10/8/1996 50 Kts Scattered power outages 12/6/1996 56 Kts Power outages 1/28/1997 54 Kts 3/6/1997 55 Kts $13.33 K; power outages 3/12/1997 50 Kts 3/26/1997 54 Kts Power outages 4/19/1997 58 Kts $16.67 K; power outages 11/1/1997 67 Kts Downed trees; power outages 11/27/1997 59 Kts Power outages: downed trees 12/30/1997 56 Kts Downed trees; power outages 11/11/1998 50 Kts Power outages 1/3/1999 62 Kts Sscattered power outages 9/16/1999 63 Kts Downed trees 12/1/1999 35 Kts 12/10/1999 35 Kts Downed trees and wires 12/12/2000 50 Kts Downed trees and powerlines 12/17/2000 53 Kts Downed trees and wires; power outages 2/6/2001 50 Kts 3/5/2001 50 Kts Power outages; $10 M + 1/22/2003 52 Kts 10/15/2003 52 Kts $25 K; power outages; 2 injuries 11/13/2003 50 Kts $50 K; downed trees and power lines 12/7/2003 50 Kts 3/8/2005 56 Kts Power outages; downed trees 5/7/2005 50 Kts $50 K; downed trees and power lines 5/25/2005 50 Kts $15 K; downed trees and power lines 10/16/2005 58 Kts $5 K; downed trees; power outages 10/25/2005 58 Kts $15 K; downed trees and power lines Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 60 11/10/2005 38 Kts Power outages 12/9/2005 58 Kts $50 K; downed trees 1/18/2006 61 Kts $100 K; downed wires and trees 2/12/2006 69 Kts $10 K; downed wires 10/28/2006 57 Kts $8 K; 10/29/2006 50 Kts $5 K; 12/1/2006 54 Kts $10 K; downed trees 4/15/2007 58 Kts $30 K; downed trees and power lines 11/3/2007 77 Kts $50 K; downed trees and power lines; fire 3/8/2008 66 Kts $10 K; downed wires 12/25/2008 52 Kts $5 K 10/18/2009 36 Kts $20 K; downed trees 10/24/2009 52 Kts $10 K 1/25/2010 58 Kts $5 K; downed trees 2/25/2010 50 Kts $25 K; transportation disruptions; downed trees and wires 3/13/2010 50 Kts $50 K; downed trees and wires 11/4/2010 35 Kts 12/26/2010 70 Kts 2/25/2011 52 Kts 10/30/2011 54 Kts $30 K; power outages 1/13/2012 51 Kts $2 K 2/25/2012 52 Kts 10/29/2012 69 Kts $500 K; downed trees 11/7/2012 52 Kts $65 K; trees down 12/27/2012 52 Kts $3 K; downed trees 1/31/2013 56 Kts Downed trees and powerlines 2/9/2013 50 Kts $15 K; downed trees and wires 2/17/2013 36 Kts 3/7/2013 53 Kts 11/27/2013 50 Kts $5 K; downed telephone poles 2/15/2014 50 Kts $60 K; downed trees and wires 11/2/2014 53 Kts $100 K; downed trees 12/9/2014 50 Kts $15 K 1/9/2015 36 Kts Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 61 1/27/2015 65 Kts $50 K; downed trees and wires 3/17/2015 50 Kts $10 K; downed trees 6/28/2015 50 Kts $20 K; down trees and wires 1/13/2016 50 Kts $7.50 K 4/3/2016 58 Kts 4/7/2016 52 Kts 10/9/2016 36 Kts $1.50 K; downed trees 10/22/2016 50 Kts $1 K 10/28/2016 50 Kts 12/15/2016 56 Kts $1 K 12/27/2016 50 Kts $100 1/23/2017 51 Kts $2.50 K; downed trees and wires 2/13/2017 50 Kts $2.50 K; downed trees and wires 3/2/2017 50 Kts Downed trees and wires 3/14/2017 69 Kts $2 K; downed trees 4/1/2017 54 Kts 9/20/2017 $15 K; Tropical Storm 10/25/2017 50 Kts $1 K 10/29/2017 81 Kts $12 K 12/25/2017 66 Kts $20 K; trees and wires down 1/4/2018 65 Kts $8 K; downed trees 1/12/2018 57 Kts $5 K; trees down 1/30/2018 36 Kts 3/2/2018 84 Kts $40 K; trees and wires down 10/16/2018 50 Kts $1 K; downed trees and wires 10/27/2018 56 Kts Downed trees 11/3/2018 51 Kts $9 K; downed trees and wires 11/13/2018 50 Kts $500; trees downed 11/16/2018 56 Kts 1/24/2019 52 Kts 1/30/2019 54 Kts 2/9/2019 50 Kts $1 K 2/25/2019 55 Kts 9/6/2019 35 kts. wind 40-60 mph; Tropical Storm; $15 K Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 62 9/7/2019 36 kts. wind 40-60 mph; Tropical Storm; $15 K 10/9/2019 52 kts gust to 60 mph 10/10/2019 50 kts. Downed tree 10/11/2019 50 kts. $3k; downed trees 10/16/2019 51 kts. $.50k; gust 59 mph 10/17/2019 50 kts. $.50k; gust 66 mph 10/31/2019 51 kts. Downed trees; downed power lines 11/1/2019 56 kts. gust to 61 mph 11/24/2019 50 kts. Wind gusts of 40 to 58 mph Hail 5/24/1962 7/13/1981 5/28/1986 5/25/1994 .75in 7/3/1997 .75 in Scattered power outages 7/18/1997 1.75 in. 1 injury 11/4/1997 1.5 in 6/26/1998 .75 in 6/30/1998 1.00 in. Downed trees; wind gusts 75 to 85 mph 5/8/2000 0.88 in. 1 injury 5/10/2000 0.88 in. 7/17/2001 5/24/2004 0.75 in. House fires 7/22/2005 0.75 in. $5 K; downed trees and power lines 6/20/2006 0.75 in. Downed trees 7/18/2006 0.75 in. Downed trees 7/6/2007 0.75 in. 8/18/2007 0.75 in. 4/12/2008 0.75 in. 6/24/2008 0.75 in. 8/16/2008 1.00 in. $1 K; downed trees 8/19/2008 0.75 in. 7/1/2009 0.75 in. 1 fatality 7/2/2009 0.75 in. $1 K 6/9/2011 0.75 in. Brewster 8/2/2011 0.75 in. 7/24/2012 0.75 in. 8/7/2014 0.88 in. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 63 6/22/2019 0.88 in. Wind gust of 47 mph Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Data current through December 2019. Hurricanes Hurricanes are defined as a large circulating windstorm covering hundreds of miles that forms over warm ocean water. To be officially classified as a hurricane, the wind speeds must exceed 74 miles per hour. In the northern hemisphere winds circulate in a counterclockwise direction. A great dome of water as much as fifty miles in diameter (called the “storm surge”) is pushed ahead of the storm by its winds. In some coastal locations, this can result in tides 20 feet higher than usual. Occasionally, storm surge is responsible for damage to property and potential deaths. The winds that accompany hurricanes have the potential to cause serious damage. Downed power lines leave residents without electricity and can impede business for days. Fallen trees can damage buildings and block roadways. Unsecured building components including gutters, screened enclosures, roof coverings, shingles, car ports, porch coverings, overhangs, siding, decking, windows, walls, gables can be blown off structures and carried by the wind to cause damage in other places. Wind driven rain often causes water damage in roof and wall envelopes. Measuring the Intensity of a Hurricane Hurricane damages come from wind, rain, tornadoes, floods/storm surge, and the effects of very low air pressure. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (SSHWS) intensity category system was developed in the 1970’s to characterize a hurricane’s destructive potential by indicating wind speeds and range of damage, see Table 2-11 below. The SSHWS category system measures sustained wind speed, central pressure, storm surge height, and coastal damage potential within five intensity categories. Table 2-11 Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale Scale No. (Category) Wind (mph) Potential Damage 1 74 - 95 Minimal: Damage is primarily to shrubbery and trees, mobile homes, and some signs. No real damage is done to structures. 2 96 – 110 Moderate: Some trees topple, some roof coverings are damaged, and major damage is done to mobile homes. 3 111 – 130 Extensive: large trees topple, some structural damage is done to roofs, mobile homes are destroyed, and structural damage is done to small homes and utility buildings. 4 131 – 155 Extreme: Extensive damage is done to roofs, windows and doors; roof systems on small buildings completely fail; and some curtain walls fail. 5 > 155 Catastrophic: Roof damage is considerable and widespread, window and door damage is severe, there are extensive glass Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 64 failures, and entire buildings could fail. Additional Classifications: Tropical Storm 39 – 73, Tropical Depression < 38 Source: NOAA. The National Weather Service (NWS) will issue a hurricane warning when sustained winds of 74 mph or higher are reached and expected within a coastal area within 24 hours. On average, there are approximately 10 named tropical storms along the east coast of the U.S. each year, six of which are likely to develop into hurricanes, with only two or three likely to reach category 3 on the SSHWS. The SSHWS has undergone a minor modification for 2012 in order to resolve awkwardness associated with conversions among the various units used for wind speed in advisory products. The change broadens the Category 4 wind speed range by one mile per hour (mph) at each end of the range, yielding a new range of 130-156 mph. Brewster has had one hurricane make landfall in the last 25 years – Hurricane Bob in 1991 and several that have passed close to Cape Cod, including Hurricane Eduard in 1996, Tropical Storm Irene in 2011 and Hurricane Sandy in 2012. In 1991, Hurricane Bob caused extensive damage in Brewster in the form of downed trees, downed power lines, flooding and power outages impacting the entire town. Tropical Storm Irene went over Brewster in the summer of 2011. A number of trees and limbs came down in the heavy wind, with crews working to remove downed limbs and trees from roadways and other public areas. Power was lost in some areas and restored within several days. Hurricane Sandy passed west of the Cape in 2012 after causing devastation in other areas of the northeast. Based on the high frequency and extensive severity of hurricane events over time, as reported by the National Centers for Environmental Information and indicated in Table 2-10, Brewster is considered at high risk to hurricanes. Storm Surge Of additional concern is hurricane storm surge. Storm surge refers to the rise of water levels caused explicitly by a storm and is measured as the height above the normal predicted tide. The combination of SLR and increased storm intensity will result in higher storm surges characterized that will extend further inland, potentially causing greater damage to property and infrastructure. The IPCC in 2014 found that increasing storm surges and other forms of coastal flooding have the potential to disrupt livelihoods and create severe health risks across various sectors. Over time, as sea levels rise, water levels associated with what is thought of as today’s 100-year return period storm will increase, because a higher base sea level will increase the extent and depth of storm-related flooding. As a result, the 100-year return period storm of the future could result in much more flood-related damage than the 100-year return period storm of today. Additionally, from the Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 65 perspective of water levels, SLR will cause the flooding that would occur with today’s 100-year return period storm to become a more regularly occurring event. For example, a future 20-year return period storm on top of a two-foot SLR will have the same water level and depth as today’s 100-year return period storm. Hurricane surge inundation areas for Categories 1 through 4 hurricanes striking the coast were developed by the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) using the Sea Lake and Overland Surge from Hurricanes (SLOSH) Model. Map 2-7 Storm Surge Scenarios (Appendix A) shows those areas expected to be inundated by Categories 1 through 4 hurricanes. Based on the high frequency and serious severity of storm surge events as observed and reported over time, Brewster is considered at high risk to future storm surge events. Climate Change Impacts on Hurricanes Climate change is expected to result in the increased frequency and intensification of hurricanes and tropical storms worldwide. Rising sea levels, coupled with potentially higher hurricane wind speeds, rainfall intensity, and storm surges will combine to create more intense hurricanes, resulting in increased impacts to coastal communities. Research predicts a global increase in the intensity of such storms on average, by 2% to 11%, based on the IPCC mid-range emission scenario projections, as well as a poleward expansion in the latitude at which storms will reach their highest intensity. Some experts have noted that the three massive storms from the 2017 hurricane season (Harvey, Irma, and Maria) are consistent with this expected intensification. Hurricanes and tropical storms are expected to result in more rainfall. This increase has been observed and is expected both globally (IPCC 2014) and for the Atlantic basin, including the U.S. east coast. Based on a synthesis of current science, NOAA predicts that Atlantic hurricanes and tropical storms in the coming century will have higher rainfall rates than present storms, especially near the center of the storm. Hurricane Harvey, which resulted in a record 51.9 inches of rainfall at one station west of Houston, Texas, is one recent example of this trend. Tornadoes/High Winds Tornadoes are violently rotating columns of air in contact with and extending between a cloud and the surface of the earth. Generally, winds in most tornadoes are 100 mph or less, but can exceed 250 mph in the most violent and least frequent tornadoes. Several conditions are required for the development of tornadoes and associated thunderstorm clouds, including abundant low-level moisture to contribute to the development of a thunderstorm, along with a trigger/cold front to lift the moist air. Tornadoes usually form in areas where strong winds are turning in a clockwise direction and can be in the traditional funnel shape, or in a slender rope-like form. They typically begin in a supercell (severe thunderstorm), primarily in the month of May. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 66 Measuring the Intensity of a Tornado Typically, tornadoes are categorized by frequency values from historic data and area impacted based on the length and width of the damage path. Tornado damage severity is measured by the Fujita Tornado Scale, where wind speed is estimated from the amount of damage. As of February 1, 2007, the National Weather Service began rating tornadoes using the Enhanced Fujita-scale (Table 2-12). The Enhanced Fujita scale is more complicated than the original F-scale, allowing for more precise assessments of tornado severity. Table 2-12 Enhanced Fujita Scale Fujita Scale Derived Operational EF Scale F Number Fastest ¼ mile (mph) 3-second gust (mph) EF Number 3-second gust (mph) EF Number 3-second gust (mph) 0 40 - 72 45 - 78 0 65 - 85 0 65 - 85 1 73 - 112 79 - 117 1 86 - 109 1 86 - 110 2 113 - 157 118 - 161 2 110 - 137 2 111 - 135 3 158 - 207 162 - 209 3 138 - 167 3 136 - 165 4 208 - 260 210 - 261 4 168 - 199 4 166 - 200 5 261 - 318 262 - 317 5 200 - 234 5 Over 200 Source: NOAA. Based on the high frequency and extensive severity of tornadoes over time as reported by the National Centers for Environmental Information and indicated in Table 2-10, Barnstable County is considered at high risk to future tornadoes, although no tornadoes have actually touched down in Brewster. Lightning/Thunderstorms Thunderstorms are formed when the right atmospheric conditions combine to provide moisture, lift, and warm unstable air that can rise rapidly. Thunderstorms occur any time of the day and in all months of the year but are most common during summer afternoons and evenings and in conjunction with frontal boundaries. Thunderstorms affect a smaller area compared with winter storms or hurricanes, but they can be dangerous and destructive for a number of reasons. Storms can form in less than 30 minutes, giving very little warning; they have the potential to produce lightning, hail, tornadoes, powerful straight-line winds, and heavy rains that produce flash flooding. All thunderstorms produce lightning, and therefore all thunderstorms are dangerous. Lightning often strikes outside of areas where it is raining and may occur as far as 10 miles away from rainfall. It can strike from any part of the storm and may even strike after the storm has seemed to pass. Hundreds of people across the nation are injured annually by lightning, most commonly when Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 67 they are moving to a safe place but have waited too long to seek shelter. The Town of Brewster can be uniformly affected by lightning and thunderstorms, dependent upon the time of day, existing/incoming weather conditions, and time of year. Building construction, location, and nearby trees or other tall structures will have a large impact on how vulnerable an individual facility is to a lightning strike. A rough estimate of a structure’s likelihood of being struck by lightning can be calculated using the structure’s ground surface area, height, and striking distance between the downward-moving tip of the stepped leader (negatively charged channel jumping from cloud to earth) and the object. In general, buildings are more likely to be struck by lightning if they are located on high ground or if they have tall protrusions such as steeples or poles which the stepped leader can jump to. Electrical and communications utilities are also vulnerable to direct lightning strikes. Damage to these lines has the potential to cause power and communications outages for businesses, residencies, and critical facilities. Lightning strikes in Brewster have caused damage to homes as recently as this spring and the scale at the transfer station on Run Hill Road has been hit several times. Based on the high frequency and serious severity of lightning/thunderstorm events over time, as reported by the National Centers for Environmental Information and indicated in Table 2-10, the risk of lightning/thunderstorms is considered high in Brewster. Hail Hail is formed in towering cumulonimbus clouds (thunderheads) when strong updrafts carry water droplets to a height at which they freeze. Eventually, these ice particles become too heavy for the updraft to hold up, and they fall to the ground at speeds of up to 120 MPH. Hail falls along paths called swaths, which can vary from a few square acres to up to 10 miles wide and 100 miles long. The Town of Brewster can be uniformly affected by hail, dependent upon the existing/incoming weather conditions, and time of year. The Tornado and Storm Research Organisation (TORRO) developed the TORRO Hailstorm Intensity Scale in 1986 to measure the intensity of hail storms. Table 2-13 categorizes hail by size code, description and typical damage. Table 2-13 TORRO Hail Intensity Scale Scale Intensity Category Description Typical Diameter (inches) Typical Damage Impacts H0 Hard Hail Pea 0.25 No damage H1 Potentially Damaging Mothball 0.50 Slight general damage to plants, crops H2 Significant Marble/Grape 0.75 Significant damage to fruit, crops, vegetation Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 68 H3 Severe Walnut 1.25 Severe damage to fruit and crops, damage to glass and plastic structures, paint and wood scored H4 Severe Pigeon's egg > Squash ball 1.50 Widespread glass damage, vehicle bodywork damage H5 Destructive Golf ball > Pullet's egg 1.75 Wholesale destruction of glass, damage to tiled roofs, significant risk of injuries H6 Destructive Hen's egg 2.0 Bodywork of grounded aircraft dented, brick walls pitted H7 Destructive Tennis ball > Cricket ball 2.5 Severe roof damage, risk of serious injuries H8 Destructive Large orange > softball 2.75 Severe damage to aircraft H9 Super Hailstorms Grapefruit 3.0 Extensive structural damage. Risk of seven even fatal injuries to persons caught in the open H10 Super Hailstorms Melon 4.0 Extensive structural damage. Risk of seven even fatal injuries to persons caught in the open Source: TORRO. Structure vulnerability to hail is determined mainly by construction and exposure. Metal siding and roofing is better able to stand up to the damages of a hailstorm than many other materials, although it may also be damaged by denting. Exposed windows and vehicles are also susceptible to damage. Crops are extremely susceptible to hailstorm damage, as even the smallest hail stones can rip apart unsheltered vegetation. Based on the high frequency and serious severity of hail events over time, as reported by the National Centers for Environmental Information and indicated in Table 2-10, the risk of hail is considered high in Brewster. Property at Risk from Wind-Related Events Wind events are quite normal in New England and happen regularly each year. In the winter months, the Town of Brewster is susceptible to high winds from nor’easters and winter storms (both high frequency). Spring and summer seasons usually bring a number of severe thunderstorms to the region (high frequency). During the late summer and fall seasons, the area is at risk from a hurricane or tropical event (high frequency). Probability of Future Occurrence of Wind-Related Hazards As previously stated, wind events are quite normal in New England, as evidenced throughout the year. Given the increase in frequency and severity of high wind events realized over the last several years, the Town will continue to be at high risk for extensive damages at an average medium/regional level for wind-related events (Table 2-2 Hazard Index). Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 69 2.3.4 Geologic-Related Hazards Earthquakes An earthquake is the sudden release of strain energy in the Earth’s crust, resulting in energy waves that radiate outward from the earthquake source. The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus is called the earthquake epicenter. The severity of earthquake effects is dependent upon: magnitude of energy released; proximity to the epicenter; depth to the epicenter; duration; geologic characteristics; and, type of ground motion. When earthquakes occur, much of the damage is a result of structures falling under the stress created by the ground movement. Another significant effect is damage to the public and private infrastructure (i.e. water service, communication lines, drainage system). Because earthquakes are highly localized it is difficult to assign regional boundaries that share the same relative degree of risk. Measuring the Intensity of an Earthquake An earthquake’s severity can be expressed in terms of intensity and magnitude. Intensity is defined by the observed effects of ground shaking on people, buildings, and the natural environment, which varies dependent upon the location of the observer with respect to the epicenter. Currently in the U.S., the Modified Mercalli (MMI) Intensity Scale is used to evaluate the effects of earthquakes – specifically, it describes how strongly an earthquake was felt at a particular location, Table 2-14 below. Magnitude is defined by the amount of seismic energy released at the hypocenter of the earthquake, based on the amplitude of the earthquake waves recorded on seismographs (using the Richter Magnitude Scale, Table 2-15). Another measure of the relative strength of an earthquake is the expanse of area the shaking is noticed. Table 2-14 Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale Mercalli Intensity Description I Felt by very few people, barely noticeable. II Felt by few people, especially on upper floors. III Noticeable indoors, especially on upper floors, but may not be recognized as an earthquake. IV Felt by many indoors, few outdoors. May feel like passing truck. V Felt by almost everyone, people have trouble standing. Small objects move, trees and poles may shake. VI Felt by everyone, people have trouble standing. Heavy furniture can move, plaster can fall off walls. Chimneys may be slightly damaged. VII People have difficulty standing. Drivers feel cars shaking. Some furniture breaks. Loose bricks fall from buildings. Damage is slight to moderate in well-built buildings; considerable in poorly built buildings. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 70 VIII Buildings suffer slight damage if well-built; severe damage if poorly built. Some walls collapse. IX Considerable damage to specially built structures; buildings shift off their foundations. The ground cracks. Landslides may occur. X Most buildings and their foundations are destroyed. Some bridges are destroyed. Dams are seriously damaged. Large landslides occur. Water is thrown on the banks of canals, rivers, lakes. The ground cracks in large areas. XI Most buildings collapse. Some bridges are destroyed. Large cracks appear in the ground. Underground pipelines are destroyed. XII Almost everything is destroyed. Objects are thrown into the air. The ground moves in waves or ripples. Large amounts of rock may move. Source: USGS, 2012. Table 2-15 Richter Magnitude Scale Richter Magnitude Earthquake Effects 2.5 or less Not felt or felt mildly near the epicenter, but can be recorded by seismographs 2.5 to 5.4 Often felt, but only causes minor damage 5.5 to 6.0 Slight damage to buildings and other structures 6.1 to 6.9 May cause a lot of damage in very populated areas 7.0 to 7.9 Major earthquake; serious damage 8.0 or greater Great earthquake; can totally destroy communities near the epicenter Source: USGS, 2012. There have been no recorded earthquakes in Brewster. The last earthquake experienced in the area was a 2.8 magnitude earthquake 30 miles outside of town in 1976. Based on the very low frequency and serious severity of earthquake events over time, the risk of earthquakes is considered low in Brewster. Landslides Landslides include a wide range of ground movements, including rock falls, deep failure of slopes, and shallow debris flows. Often caused by a combination of unfavorable geologic conditions (silt clay or thick till deposits), the most common types in Massachusetts include transitional debris slides, rotational slides, and debris flows. Historical landslide data for the Commonwealth suggests that most landslides are preceded by 2 or more months of higher than normal precipitation, followed by a single, high-intensity rainfall of several inches or more.9 The highest prevalence of unstable slopes is generally found in the western part of the Commonwealth. The entire Town of Brewster has been classified as having a very low risk for landslides, with no recorded landslides in Brewster to date. 9 Massachusetts Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment, 2019, p. 161. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 71 Property at Risk from Geologic-Related Hazards Because earthquakes have been detected all over New England, seismologists suspect that a strong earthquake could be centered anywhere in the region (Map 2-8 Earthquakes (Appendix A). Furthermore, the mapped geologic faults of New England currently do not provide any indications detailing specific locations where strong earthquakes are most likely to be centered.10 All structures in Brewster are potentially vulnerable to seismic ground shaking. The most vulnerable are historic buildings constructed of unreinforced masonry. Other critical facilities or infrastructure at risk are unknown; their construction determines their ability to withstand seismic shaking. The Town has only experienced secondary effects from both regional events and longer-distance events emanating from the northeast in general. However, since building codes do not require seismic proofing, the impact would be expected to be severe if an earthquake were to hit the Town of Brewster. The Town of Brewster can be uniformly affected by landslides, dependent upon the existing/incoming weather conditions, saturation of the ground, and topography of where the event occurs. Probability of Future Occurrence of Geologic-Related Hazards The Commonwealth has a 2% chance that an earthquake with a peak horizontal acceleration of 50 km above magnitude will occur within the next 50 years. A ‘G’ is the average acceleration produced by gravity at the earth’s surface (9.80665 meters per second squared). This measurement describes ground shake during earthquakes. New England is not considered to be a hot spot for earthquakes, especially when compared to the western United States. Given the historic pattern of earthquakes, or more specifically the secondary impacts of earthquakes felt across the region (which has been the historic pattern), the Town will continue to be at low risk for shaking, although serious damage (Table 2-2 Hazard Index). Because landslides are often triggered by other natural hazard events, their frequency is also related to the frequency of those other hazards. The Town continues to be at very low risk for landslides. 2.3.5 Extreme Heat-Related Hazards Extreme heat occurs when a system of high atmospheric pressure moves into an area. In such a high-pressure system, air from upper levels of our atmosphere is pulled toward the ground, where it becomes compressed and increases temperatures. This high concentration of pressure makes it difficult for other weather systems to move into the area, which is why periods of extreme heat can last for several days, or even weeks. The longer the system stays in an area, the hotter temperatures become. The high pressure inhibits winds, making them faint to almost non-existent. Because the high-pressure system also prevents clouds from entering a region, sunlight can become punishing, increasing 10 2018 State Hazard Mitigation and Climate Adaptation Plan, Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 72 temperatures even more. The combination of all these factors come together to create what is known as a heat wave. Typically, a heat wave can last two or more days with significant impacts on human health and/or infrastructure. Heat waves can also cause catastrophic crop failures, cause roads to crumble, and can cause the ground around residences to dry out, leaving them susceptible to subsidence. The Town of Brewster can expect to be uniformly affected by extreme heat- related conditions. Table 2-16 below represents the significant extreme heat- related hazard events that have occurred in and around the Town of Brewster over time, utilizing NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/). All events are county wide (Barnstable County), unless otherwise noted. Table 2-16 Significant Extreme Heat-Related Events, Barnstable County Hazard Type Date Level/Description Damages Extreme Heat 7/22/2011 Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Data is current through December 2019 NOAA’s NWS maintains a Heat Index (Figure 2-3), which is a measure of how hot it really feels when relative humidity is also factored in with actual air temperatures. As an example, if the air temperature is 96°F and the relative humidity is 65%, the heat index, how hot it feels, is 121°F. The NWS also initiates alert procedures when the Heat Index is expected to exceed 105°-110°F (depending on local climate) for at least two consecutive days: 1. Caution – fatigue possible, 2. Extreme Caution – sunstroke, muscle cramps, and/or heat exhaustion possible, 3. Danger – sunstroke, muscle cramps, and/or heat exhaustion likely, and 4. Extreme Danger – heat stroke or sunstroke highly likely. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 73 Figure 2-4 NOAA’s National Weather Service Heat Index Source: https://www.weather.gov/phi/heatcond Based on the high frequency and minor severity of extreme heat events, as reported by the National Centers for Environmental Information and indicated in Table 2-16 and confirmed by the LHMW, the risk of future extreme heat events is considered moderate in Brewster. Climate Change Impacts on Extreme Heat More intense and prolonged heat waves are predicted with climate change. The frequency of days with high temperatures at or above 90°F has already increased (Vallee and Giuliano, 2014). The average number of days expected to be above 90°F in 1950 was about seven, while the new normal is 12. MVP Climate Change Projections on Extreme Heat As mentioned previously, climate change impacts will result in increased average temperature so the number of extreme heat days is expected to increase. Brewster should experience more days with warmer temperatures, particularly days over 90 degrees, and thus, will expend more energy on cooling. Table 2-17 below includes temperature projections (Annual and Summer) with a Baseline (1971 – 2000) through mid-century (2050s) for the Cape Cod Basin. Table 2-17 Extreme Heat Temperature Projections, Cape Cod Basin Climate Parameter Baseline 1970 - 2000 Projected Change in 2030s Mid-Century 2050s Average Annual Temperature (°F) 49.9 51.7 – 53.3 52.3 – 55.3 Average Summer Temperature (°F) 68.2 69.7 – 71.8 70.2 – 73.8 Maximum Annual Temperature (°F) 57.7 59.3 – 61.2 59.9 – 62.9 Maximum Summer Temperature (°F) 76.0 77.3 – 79.4 77.9 – 76.6 Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 74 Annual Days with Maximum Temperature Over 90 °F 1 2 - 5 3 - 10 Summer Days with Maximum Temperature Over 90 °F 1 2 - 4 3 - 9 Annual Cooling Degree-Days (Base 65 °F) 436 581 – 800 660 – 1,037 Summer Cooling Degree-Days (Base 65 °F) 384 491 - 663 533 - 841 Source: MVP Program, www.resilientma.org Property/People at Risk from Extreme Heat-Related Hazards Extreme heat-related conditions can have both short- and long-term impacts on a community, including: Social Impacts Increased demand on emergency, health, and social services and support: • Impacts to vulnerable populations (elderly, homeless, special needs, and those with chronic health conditions) will be exacerbated (potential for cardiovascular and respiratory complications). • Can endanger those who work outdoors. • Increased demand for comfort/cooling stations (emergency services). • Stressors (mental health) on those who do not have/can’t afford air conditioning. • Increased demands on emergency personnel and medical facilities. Infrastructure Impacts Disruptions to critical infrastructure with cascading effects: • Increased electricity demand for cooling which can lower the ability of transmission lines to carry power. • Impacts on transportation systems: o Higher temperatures can cause pavement to soften and expand causing rutting/potholes, stress bridge joints, and limit construction activities outdoors. • Disruptions to water distribution systems: o Limited supply of water sources and quality of water sources. Environmental/Built Environment Impacts Compromised environmental conditions: • Particularly damaging to agriculture (crops/livestock) stressing water supply sources (economic impacts and food security). • Excessively dry ground conditions can be susceptible to subsidence and exacerbate stormwater runoff. • Compromised air quality conditions can result in increased hospital admissions for heat-related illness. • Potential for drought (s) to exacerbate conditions for wildfires. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 75 Probability of Future Occurrence of Drought-Related Hazards Although Massachusetts is relatively small, it has a number of distinct regions that experience significantly different weather patterns and react differently to the amounts of precipitation they receive.11 Brewster is considered at moderate risk with minor expected damages for and extreme heat-related events (Table 2-2 Hazard Index). 2.3.6 Drought - Related Hazards Drought is a temporary irregularity characterized by long durations of below normal precipitation. Drought occurs in virtually all climatic zones yet varies significantly from one region to another, due to its relationship to normal precipitation in that specific region. Drought can affect agriculture, water supply, aquatic ecology, wildlife, and plant life. Drought can be defined or grouped by the following: • Meteorological drought is a measure of departure of precipitation from normal, defined solely on the degree of dryness. • Agricultural drought links various characteristics of meteorological (or hydrological) drought to agricultural impacts with a focus on precipitation shortages, differences between actual and potential evapo-transpiration, soil water deficits, reduced groundwater or reservoir levels, etc. • Hydrological drought is associated with the effects of precipitation (including snowfall) shortfalls on surface or subsurface water supply and when water supplies are below normal. • Socioeconomic drought is associated with the supply and demand of some economic goods with elements of meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural drought. Based on past events and current criteria outlined in the Massachusetts Drought Management Plan, it appears that western Massachusetts may be more vulnerable than eastern Massachusetts to severe drought conditions.12 That being said, many factors, such as water supply sources, population, economic factors (i.e., agriculture based economy), and infrastructure, contribute to the severity and length of a drought event. The Town of Brewster can expect to be uniformly affected by drought conditions. Table 2-18 below represents the significant drought-related hazard events that have occurred in and around the Town of Brewster over time, utilizing NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/). All events are county wide (Barnstable County), unless otherwise noted. 11 2018 State Hazard Mitigation and Climate Adaptation Plan, Commonwealth of Massachusetts 12 2018 State Hazard Mitigation and Climate Adaptation Plan, Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 76 Table 2-18 Significant Drought-Related Events, Barnstable County Hazard Type Date Level/Description Damages Drought 4/24/2012 Severe drought (4/24/12 to 5/15/ 2012) 5/1/2012 Severe drought (4/24/12 to 5/15/ 2012) 8/30/2016 Severe drought designated 9/1/2016 Severe drought (9/1/16 to 9/30/2016 10/1/2016 Severe drought (10/1/16 to 10/31/2016 11/1/2016 Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Data is current through December 2019 Figure 2-4 shows that Barnstable County (and Cape and Islands overall) has been in a drought emergency for thirty-seven months over the last 100 years. Figure 2-4 Drought Occurrences over the Last 100 Years Source: 2018 State Hazard Mitigation Plan, Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 77 Based on the high frequency and minor severity of drought events, as reported by the National Centers for Environmental Information and indicated in Table 2- 18, the risk of drought is considered moderate/high in Brewster. Climate Change Impacts on Drought-Related Hazards Climate change will result in increased average global temperatures, which will likely decrease the number of extreme cold days. 2.3.7 Urban Fire/Wildfire – Related Hazard Urban fire or conflagration is a large destructive, sometimes uncontrollable, fire that spreads substantial destruction, typically as a result of other hazards, including storms, earthquakes, gas leaks, transportation accidents, hazardous material spills, criminal activity (arson), or terrorism.13 Alternatively, smaller-scale structural fires often result from everyday events such as cooking, smoking, equipment/appliance malfunctions, etc. Wildfires are defined as any non-structure fire that occurs in the vegetative wildland, including grass, shrub, leaf litter/debris, and forested tree fuels. Most susceptible to the hazard are pitch pine, scrub oak, and oak forests – the most flammable vegetative fuels. Small wildfires are common throughout the State, especially when drought or near-drought conditions warrant, the potential for spreading wildfires is real. The State’s Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) – the area where structures and human development meet and intermingle with undeveloped wildland, creates an environment in which fire can move readily between structural and vegetative fuels, mapped in yellow as shown below (Figure 2-6). The State’s WUI includes the Intermix WUI – areas where housing and vegetation intermingle14, mapped in red as shown in Figure 2–5). 13 Ibid. 14 Radeloff, V.C., R.B. Hammer, S.I. Stewart, J.S. Fried, S.S. Holcomb, and J.F. McKeefry. 2005. The Wildland Urban Interface in the United States. Ecological Applications 15:799-805. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 78 Figure 2-5 Brewster Wildland Urban Interface Zones Source: http://silvis.forest.wisc.edu/data/wui-change/ The impact and vulnerability to wildfire is influenced by a variety of factors, such as land cover conditions, weather and the effectiveness of land management techniques. Suburban neighborhoods located at the WUI are very vulnerable to wildfire. Individual buildings may be more or less vulnerable to damage from wildfire based on factors such as the clear distance around the structure, and the structure’s construction materials. A fire in any of these areas would quickly overwhelm local resources and could possibly threaten homes nearby. Based on the high ranking identified in the Barnstable County Wildfire Preparedness Plan, Barnstable County is considered at high risk to future urban/wildfires. Climate Change Impacts on Urban Fire/Wildfire Climate change can alter the weather and fuel factors of wildfires. Hot dry spells can increase the risk of fire due to decreased soil moisture and increased evaporation/evapotranspiration. Climate change can also increase winds that spread fires. Property at Risk from Urban Fire/Wildfire-Related Hazards The Town averages approximately 11 wildfires annually and about twelve brush fires annually, none of which have resulted in any significant property damage. Specific areas prone to wildfires include residences within and adjacent to Nickerson State Park, Punkhorn Parklands, Baker’s Pond, Ellis Farm, and the various campgrounds located throughout the community. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 79 Probability of Future Occurrence of Urban Fire/Wildfire Hazards Most urban fires are a result of negligent and/or intentional human behavior (arson, open flames, and cooking) and are preventable. Wildfire season in Massachusetts begins in late March and typically ends in early June, which also corresponds with the driest live fuel moisture periods of the year. There have been 101 wildfire/brushfires since 2012, for an average of 11 wildfires annually. For this plan, Brewster is considered at high risk for future urban fire/wildfire-related events. 2.3.8 Invasive Species-Related Hazards For this plan, invasive species (existing and early detection/emergent) for Brewster have been incorporated as a hazard impacting the community. Invasive species are non-native species that can impact the environment, the economy or human health. Typically, they have the potential to cause or contribute to the following: • Habitat loss/degradation • Loss of native fish, wildlife, and tree species • Loss of recreational opportunities and income • Crop damage/diseases in humans The list of invasives currently impacting Brewster include: • Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) Secretes chemical compounds that are harmful to amphibians, and fatally toxic to freshwater insects and crustaceans. • Asian Bush Honeysuckles (Lonicera tatarica) Form very dense populations that can outcompete and suppress the growth of native plant species. • Asiatic Bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus) Fast growing vines can cover, shade and outcompete other vegetation. It can even girdle and kill large trees. • Autumn-olive (Elaeagnus umbellate) Form a dense shrub layer which displaces native species and closes open areas. • Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) Can dominate and shade native species. • Border Privet (Ligustrum obtusifolium) Forms dense thickets that shades native species. • Burning Bush (Euonymus alatus) Threatens a variety of habitats including forests, coastal scrublands and prairies where it forms dense thickets, displacing many native woody and herbaceous plant species. • California Privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium) Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 80 Fast grower that out-competes native vegetation. • Chinese Privet (Ligustrum sinense) Forms an inpenetrable thicket and out-competes native species. • Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Rapidly form dense stands of stems which crowd out or shade native vegetation in inland and estuary wetland areas. Turns rich habitats into monocultures devoid of the diversity needed to support a thriving ecosystem. • Common Barberry (Berberis vulgaris) Grows into dense stands and out-competes native vegetation. • Common Mullein (Verbascum Thapsus) Vigorous grower that can easily overtake a site quickly. • Cypress Spurge (Euphorbia cyparissias) Aggressive invader is one of the first plants to emerge in spring displacing native vegetation by shading and out-competing native vegetation for water and nutrients. • Dwarf Honeysuckle (Lonicera xylosteum) Fast spreading and displaces native species. • European Privet (Ligustrum vulgare) Forms dense thickets and out-competes native vegetation. • Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata) Forms dense stands that choke out native plants in the understory by light, water, and nutrient resources. • Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii) Displaces many native herbaceous and woody plants. In large infestations, its leaf litter causes changes in the chemistry of the soil, making it more basic. • Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) Fast growing and displaces native species. • Japanese Knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum) Chokes-out native species by way of limiting sunlight infiltration, altering nutrient cycles, or by releasing toxic/inhibiting chemicals. Knotweed can contribute to stream bank erosion and flooding. • Japanese Rose (Rosa rugosa) Spreads voraciously and chokes out native species. • Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Overtakes large areas of land and displace native vegetation. • Morrow’s Honeysuckle (Lonicera morrowii) Out-compete native plants for nutrients, air, sunlight and moisture. • Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora) Extremely prolific and can form dense thickets, excluding native plant species. • Northern Catalpa (Catalpa speciosa) Out-compete native plants for nutrients, air, sunlight and moisture. • Norway Maple (Acer platanoides) Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 81 Produce large numbers of seeds that are wind dispersed and invade forests and forest edges. The dense canopy formed by Norway maple inhibits the regeneration of sugar maple and other tree seedlings, reducing forest diversity. • Porcelain-berry Ampelopsis brevipedunculata) Invades streambanks, pond margins, forest edges and other disturbed areas. The thick mats formed by this climbing vine can cover and shade out native shrubs and young trees. • Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolium) Out-compete native vegetation interfering with natural plant succession. • Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius) An opportunistic and aggressively prolific plant that often disturns natural areas and forest lands. • Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) Capable of producing large numbers of young trees giving rise to dense stands that can crowd out native species. • Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) Produce an overly abundant amount of seeds, reproduction through roots and a chemical that can prevent or kill other plants near it has made it a species that have many states concerned. This invasive tree threatens to overwhelm our natural areas, agricultural fields and roadsides. • Water Chestnut (Trapa natans) Colonizes areas of freshwater lakes and ponds and slow-moving streams and rivers where it forms dense mats of floating vegetation, causing problems for boaters and swimmers and negatively impacting aquatic ecosystem functioning. • Wineberry (Rubus phoenicolasius) Opportunistic plant that quickly fills in gaps in vegetation, taking advantage of increased sunlight in the tree canopy. Property at Risk from Invasive Species Invasive species typically harm native species through predation, habitat degradation and competition for shared resources. Negative consequences can be far-reaching, considering they can spread at astonishing rates and can affect property values, agricultural productivity, public utility operations, native fisheries, tourism, outdoor recreation, and the overall health of an ecosystem. Dependent upon the species, invasives often thrive along roadsides, forested and understory areas, lakes, ponds, rivers, streambanks and pond margins. Probability of Future Occurrence of Invasive Species Eradication involves both chemical and mechanical methods, combined with ongoing monitoring. Often, due to limited staffing and diminished municipal budgets, limited controlled stands are typically often realized at best. Because most invasives are considered more of a nuisance hazard and not directly associated with any primary impacts of other weather-related hazards such as loss of life, limited evacuation, or property damage, Brewster is Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 82 considered at low risk with minor expected damages at a small/local level for future spread of invasive species (Table 2-2 Hazard Index). 2.3.9 Communicable (Infectious) Disease – Related Hazard An infectious disease is an illness due to a specific infectious agent or its toxic products that arises through transmission of that agent or its products from an infected person, animal, or inanimate source to a susceptible host; either directly or indirectly through an intermediate plant or animal host, through a vector, or through contact with the inanimate environment. Diseases such as pertussis, and most recently, COVID-19, are examples of infectious diseases that can pose a threat to a community’s population. To gauge the potential impact of disease on the state’s human population, it is helpful to classify disease occurrences according to the following: • Isolated case of a high-consequence disease: One or more cases of a particularly serious disease whose further spread is unlikely yet place significant strain on the resources required to isolate and provide treatment. • Institutional outbreak: Two or more cases of similar illness with a common exposure at an institution. • Epidemic: An increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in the population. • Pandemic: An epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents affecting many people. The extent of an infectious disease’s impact depends greatly on a number of factors, including: • The disease’s transmissibility, virulence, and pathogenesis, • Environmental conditions, • Modes of transmission, • Individuals’ vulnerability factors, such as population densities and/or underlying medical conditions/comorbidities, • Quality, availability, and equity of healthcare services, • Immunization history, and • Availability/accessibility of medical treatment to protect against and treat the disease. The Brewster Board of Health/Health Department, together with the Barnstable County Department of Health and Environment, is responsible for the protection and promotion of the public’s health, control of disease, protection of the environment, and promotion of sanitary living conditions. Table 2-19 presents data from the Brewster Health Department’s top communicable diseases for 2015 - 2020. According to the Health Department, Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 83 the top communicable diseases for Brewster in 2020 was COVID-19 with 218 cases, followed by Babesiosis (microscopic parasites that infect red blood cells via tickborne transmission) with six cases. Table 2-19 Top Infectious Diseases Brewster, MA 2015 – 2020 Condition Number of Cases 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Babesiosis 11 14 8 6 5 6 Campylobacteriosis 5 1 4 COVID-19 218 Hepatitis C 9 5 3 4 Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis 5 7 6 3 1 Influenza 23 10 21 27 15 5A Lyme Disease 30B 58 6C 4 40D 0 Source: Brewster Health Director, July 2, 2021 Notes: A: 15 suspected cases B: 7 confirmed/23 probable/59 suspected cases C: 74 suspected cases D: suspected cases Most recently (January 2020) the Corona Virus pandemic was circulating the world. The first confirmed case of COVID-19 was reported in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on February 1, 2020 with the number of cases increasing rapidly on March 5, 2020. On March 10, 2020, Governor Baker declared a state of emergency. On March 15, 2020 schools and businesses began to close, with a stay-at-home advisory ordered on March 23, 2020 through April 7, 2020. Phase 1 of the state’s reopening plan began on May 18, 2020 with places of worship, essential and manufacturing businesses, and construction sites allowed to reopen with strict limitations. The Commonwealth entered Phase 2 of its reopening plan on June 8, 2020 with childcare, day camps, lodging retail stores, outdoor dining at restaurants and youth sports program allowed to reopen with strict limitations. Step 1 of Phase 3 reopening began July 6, 2020, followed by step 2 of Phase 3 for ‘lower risk’ communities on October 5, 2020. A second wave began with a large spike in cases in October 2020, requiring the roll back to Phase 3, Step 1 of the reopening plan. As of the end of the first week of February 2021, Massachusetts was averaging over 2,000 confirmed new cases and approximately 50 confirmed deaths per day. Figure 2-7 below illustrates new COVID-19 cases per day (weekly) for the Town of Brewster. As of July 2, 2021, there have been 13,975 confirmed cases and 471 deaths in Barnstable County. As of July 2, 2021, 67% (6,995) of Brewster residents have been fully vaccinated. Working with the State of Massachusetts, the Brewster Health Department developed and implemented a number of COVID-19 related guidance Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 84 documents, standard operating procedures (SOPs), policies and memorandums of understanding/agreements (MOUs/MOAs) for Brewster including: • Municipal personnel vehicle-use guidance • Town Hall staffing policy • Municipal training policies • Municipal office setting SOPs • Municipal Pool/Camp policy • Brewster schools sports travel policy • Nauset Regional School Nurses/Health Directors COVID Committee to address cluster school cases • Seasonal, outdoor food/alcohol services policies • Outer Cape Health Services MOU (testing/vaccinations/homebound vaccinations) • VNA of Cape Cod MOU • Region 5b Public Health Agencies MOA Figure 2-6 Weekly Count New Covid-19 Infections: March 2020 – June 2021, Brewster Source: Brewster Health Department. Based on the highly likely probability and vulnerability, and extended notice warning time score of communicable (infectious) disease-related events, in addition to the frequency and probability of continued COVID strains, the Town of Brewster is considered at high risk for future communicable (infectious) disease- related hazards. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 85 Population at Risk from Communicable (infectious) Disease-Related Hazards The entire community is susceptible to the spread of infectious diseases, however, in crowded areas/urban centers where people are in close-proximity and contact with one another, transmission can be exacerbated. Probability of Future Occurrence of Communicable (infectious) Disease- Related Hazards As it relates to the current COVID 19 pandemic, until the federal government, and in turn, State of Massachusetts, completes its roll out a reliable vaccination plan for COVID-19, and supplies of vaccines are accelerated, the Town will continue to be at high risk to future occurrences (infected residents, increased hospitalizations and increased number of deaths). Otherwise, the probability of incidents that result from infectious disease occurring in Brewster is difficult to predict, however, with such incidents occurring every year, the probability of an incident over the next year has a significant probability. The probability of an event progressing to the epidemic or pandemic stage within the same time period, is less clear. 2.3.10 Human-Caused (Intentional) Hazards The term human-caused, or terrorism most often refers to intentional, criminal, malicious acts that originate from human activity. Although there is no single, universally accepted definition of terrorism, the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) defines terrorism as “the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.15 Cyber (Security) Incident A cybersecurity incident can be characterized as any incident that threatens the confidentiality, integrity, and accessibility of an information system or its’ processes, in violation of security policies and practices. Often, cybersecurity incidents require effective response to minimize loss of critical information, but also for continuity of services and security. Although cybersecurity incidents occur frequently, the type of attacks vary significantly and can be classified into three categories: - Hacktivists/Petty Criminals: Constitute most cyber-attacks on the Internet, typically conducted by single individuals or unaffiliated groups using little technical skill and sophistication. - Organized Crime/Cyber-terrorists: Target a specific person or entity for financial gain, intellectual property, or blackmail. These structured attacks tend to be more organized and planned, relying on insider knowledge. 15 28 CFR, Section 0.85. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 86 - Sophisticated Nation States: Although limited in number, these attackers conduct reconnaissance over long periods of time, with sophisticated preparation and organization. The risks associated with cybersecurity attacks range from data breaches, personal financial loss, and disruptive actions that carry out social and/or political objectives, including: A. Internet of Things (IoT): Presents unique security challenges (data breaches) due to the number of interconnected devices and systems present, and not created with security in mind. B. Cyber theft: Cyber thieves hacking customer accounts, stealing names, credit and debit card numbers, encrypted PIN data, and card expiration dates (personal financial loss). C. Advanced Persistent Threat (APT): Threat actors gaining unauthorized access to computer systems as a means of carrying out various disruptive actions to achieve political or social objectives. Based on the high ranking identified in the Massachusetts Hazard Index and Risk Assessment, also confirmed by the Brewster LHMW, the Town of Brewster is considered at high risk to future cyber/cybersecurity incident-related hazards. Population at Risk from Cybersecurity Incident-Related Hazards The entire population is significantly reliant on technology for daily life, albeit cell phones, tablets or computers. Public health/access to medical records, power grid failure, government operations, commercial/economic operations, and communications infrastructure are also vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Cyber incidents are not always associated with a defined geographical area therefore, the entire Town is equally susceptible to a cybersecurity incident-related hazard. Probability of Future Occurrence of Cybersecurity Incident-Related Hazards Although there have been a number of public safety, local government, medical and education incidents throughout the state, there has only been one recent cyber threat recorded by the Town in 2015 where a municipal department was impacted by ransomware attack. The incident was considered minor, and the IT (Information Technology) Department had the system up and running again by the end of the day. The closest cybersecurity incident for Barnstable County was in December 2018 at Cape Cod Community College. A phishing email distributed a virus in an attachment targeted at the college’s financial transactions overwriting URL addresses for the college’s bank. Hackers transferred nine fraudulent funds totaling $807,130 from the college.16 As hackers become more skilled and sophisticated, there is a likely probability of a cybersecurity incident occurring. 16 https://www.seculore.com/resources/cyber-attack-archive/massachusetts Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 87 Terrorism Incident The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines terrorism as the “the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate, or coerce a government, civilian population, or any segment thereof in the furtherance of political and social objectives.”17 A more recent trend in terrorist threats is the use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) which require a relatively low level of skill to produce. Vehicle borne improvised explosive devices (VBIED) have also become a trend in terrorist attacks. The threat an IED poses begins within an adversary’s motives and intent to do harm. It becomes a “credible” threat if and when the adversary has the “capability” of doing the intended harm, and if the target has the vulnerability that will facilitate the harmful contact. Specific to IED attacks, ’capability’ would include possessing (1) knowledge to build, place, and function an explosive device, and (2) access to materials needed to construct the device (possibly to manufacture the explosive itself). Components consistent with IED threat capabilities include financial support, physical support networks, size of cell with direct operational responsibility, amounts of constituent materials reasonably accessed for the device, gadgeteering skills in construction, technical expertise, and tactical proficiency. If the adversary possesses all the necessary capabilities to carry out the intended threat, they then become limited only by their imagination. In addition to IEDs and VBIEDs, acts of terrorism also include more commonly available devises such as guns (for mass shootings), edged weapons, vehicles (to use as rams into crowds), and in addition, an emerging trend is the use of drones.18 There have been no terrorist attacks recorded in Brewster. Based on the high moderate ranking identified in the Massachusetts Hazard Index and Risk Assessment, also confirmed by the Brewster LHMW, the Town of Brewster is considered at moderate risk to future terrorism hazards. Population at Risk from Terrorism-Related Hazards The entire population is equally susceptible to a terrorist attack. Probability of Future Occurrence of Terrorism-Related Hazards Although it is often difficult to predict where and when a terrorist attack will be, there remains a likely probability of a terrorist attack occurring. Civil Unrest/Disturbance Incident FEMA defines civil disturbance activity as “an activity such as a demonstration, riot, or strike that disrupts a community and requires intervention to maintain 17 Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2005, Terrorism 2002 – 2005. 18 Massachusetts Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 88 public safety.”19 Often, civil disturbances arise from spontaneous acts by individuals or a group seeking to gain attention for something they feel in unjust, such as a political grievance, social justice conflict, or response to the demand for goods and services. Citizens have the right to peaceful assembly, and not all assemblies result in violence. The public safety concern is for those assemblages that cause an immediate danger or result in damage or injury to property or person(s) participating or passersby. As civil disturbances are often spontaneous in nature, it is difficult to predict when and where they may occur. With advancements in technology, such as social media, small gatherings can quickly turn into large, disruptive gatherings. The severity of a civil disturbance incident varies and depends on the nature of the disturbance as well as the size of the crowd gathered. A low severity disturbance often results when police are dispatched to control traffic. A moderate severity disturbance is considered when businesses are disrupted or the result of property damage, requiring police intervention to restore order. Severe disturbance incidents typically involve some form of rioting, arson, assault, and potential death, warranting aggressive police intervention. There have been no civil unrest/disturbance incidents recorded in Brewster. Based on the low-ranking score identified in the Massachusetts Hazard Index and Risk Assessment, also confirmed by the Brewster LHMW, the Town of Brewster is considered at low risk to future civil disturbance incident-related hazards. Population at Risk from Civil Disturbance-Related Hazards The entire Town is vulnerable to civil disturbance incident-related hazards. Probability of Future Occurrence of Civil Disturbance Incident-Related Hazards Though the risk remains, there is the potential of a civil disturbance incident occurring in the near future. Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN) CBRN, often referred to as weaponized agents, have the ability to result in mass casualties and mass disruptions to society.20 Chemical Incident A chemical incident is characterized as an unexpected uncontrolled release of a chemical from its containment, and typically occur at fixed-site facilities that manufacture, store, process, or otherwise handle chemical materials. Also, chemical incidents can also occur along major roadways, railways, waterways, and pipelines. 19 FEMA, n.d. Glossary: Civil Disturbance. 20 Massachusetts Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 89 Biological Incident A biological incident can be characterized by the accidental or intentional release of naturally occurring biological diseases by way of a biological agent, including: A. Bacteria: single-cell organisms that are the causative agents of anthrax, brucellosis, tularemia, plague, as well as other diseases. B. Rickettsia: micro-organisms that resemble bacteria in their form and structure however, differ in that they can reproduce inside animal cells as intracellular parasites (Typhus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and Q fever). C. Viruses: intracellular parasites that are about 100 times smaller than bacteria infecting humans, crops, and domestic animals. D. Fungi: can cause severe disease in humans, such as coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) and histoplasmosis. E. Toxins: poisonous substance made by a living system, or a synthetic analogue of a naturally occurring poison (ricin and botulinum toxin). Biological agents used as weapons fall into three groups: bacteria; viruses; and toxins. Many are difficult to grow and maintain, while many become non-toxic when exposed to environmental factors such as sunlight. On the other hand, others can be very long-lived. Biological agents are deadly in and of themselves, however, the method and accuracy of their delivery determines the overall severity of their damage. The severity of a biological incident depends on the routes of exposure and means of delivery, including: A. Inhalation: The biological agent is aerosolized in a particle size that could be inhaled by an individual. B. Injection: The introduction of an agent into an individual by penetrating the skin barrier (syringe). C. Ingestion: Swallowing the agent or toxin. D. Absorption: Absorption of an agent by an individual’s body, most readily through the mucous membranes. E. Person-to-person: Infecting an individual through a variety of means (including those listed above), with the hope of further community spread. Radiological/Nuclear Incident A radiological/nuclear incident can be characterized as the uncontrolled release of radioactive material that can harm people or damage environmental resources. They typically involve nuclear assemblies, research, production, or power reactors and chemical operators. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) provides guidance on these facilities and requires the development of response priorities and processes for a radiological event. The potential impacts from a nuclear event rely heavily on the nature of the event, as well as the weather conditions experienced during the time of the event. The NRC has developed an emergency classification system to indicate the risk of a radiological incident to the public, including: Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 90 A. Notification of Unusual Event: Events are in process or have occurred which indicate potential degradation in the level of safety of the plant (no release of radioactive material requiring offsite response/monitoring). B. Alert: When declared, events are in process or have occurred which involve an actual or potential substantial degradation in the level of safety of the plant (releases of radioactive material are expected to be limited to a small fraction of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Protective Action Guidelines (PAG) exposure levels). C. Site Area Emergency: Involves events in process, or which have occurred that result in actual or likely major failures of plant functions needed for protection of the public (releases of radioactive material not expected to exceed the EPA PAG exposure levels except near the site boundary). D. General Emergency: Events are in process or have occurred which involve actual or imminent substantial core degradation or melting with potential loss of containment integrity (releases can reasonably be expected to exceed the EPA PAG exposure levels offsite). There have been no recorded chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear incidents in Brewster. Based on the moderate ranking score identified in the Massachusetts Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment, also confirmed by the Brewster LHMW, the Town of Brewster is considered at moderate risk to future CBRN incident-related hazards. Population at Risk from CBRN Incident-Related Hazards The entire Town is vulnerable to a CBRN incident-related hazard. Urban areas and areas where people gather are at greater risk. Probability of Future Occurrence of CBRN Incident-Related Hazards There is an unlikely probability of a CBRN incident occurring in Brewster. 2.3.11 Technological (Accidental) Hazards This section incorporates human-related hazards considered to be ‘accidental’ in nature rather than intentional or acts of terrorism previously discussed. Infrastructure Failure Infrastructure failure hazards generally refer to the critical infrastructure/utility facilities or ‘lifeline sectors’ necessary for the safety, security, and economic well- being of the State and its cities and towns. Infrastructure failure is considered any disruption to critical infrastructure that could have cascading effects that negatively impact a community’s security, public health and safety, and economic vitality. The Commonwealth has designated six lifeline sectors whose resources and assets are critical to every aspect of daily lives, in addition to their interdependence on each other and all other sectors (Table 2-20). Brewster is served by the following public utilities: Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 91 • Electricity is supplied by Eversource (NSTAR) • Natural gas is supplied by National Grid • Drinking water is supplied by the Brewster Water Department from the Cape Cod Sole Source Aquifer (Monomoy Lens) • Wastewater is managed by on-site Title 5 subsurface disposal systems, Innovative Alternative systems, or other offsite satellite or centralized treatment processes. • Telephone/Cell Phone service is provided by AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile, and Verizon • Internet/Cable service is provided by Earthlink, Verizon, xfinity, dish and Direct TV (cable) Table 2-20 Lifeline Sectors Impacted by Infrastructure Failure Lifeline Description Communications The communications sector includes any services that enable both routine and emergency communications, such as cell towers, phone lines, dispatch systems, radio infrastructure, and satellite communications. Emergency Services The emergency services, which include police, fire, emergency management, public works, and emergency medical services life line sectors, provide support to the public during daily response operations. The emergency services sector represents the first line of defense in the prevention and mitigation of risk from hazards such as terrorist attacks, human-caused incidents, and natural disasters. In addition, the emergency services sector has a myriad of specialized capabilities such as hazardous materials response, search and rescue, and tactical teams. Energy The energy sector provides power to the community, public and private sectors, government, and first responders. The energy sector is divided into three interrelated segments: electricity, oil, and natural gas. Information Technology The information technology sector includes all system networks, hardware, software, information technology systems and services, and the Internet. Transportation Systems Transportation systems include roadways (federal, state, and local managed), railway (passenger and freight), airports, and marine ports (passenger and freight). Transportation incidents include a large-scale crash, collision, or incident involving the disruption of an air, land (road), rail, or marine mode of transportation. The Commonwealth is home to major highways, airports, railroads and marine ports. Water and Wastewater Systems Water and wastewater/septic systems ensure the provision of clean water and the treatment of all water and wastewater. Safe drinking water is a prerequisite for protecting public health and all human activity and properly treated wastewater is vital for preventing disease and protecting the environment. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 92 Source: Massachusetts Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment. Communications The services that rely heavily on communications include emergency response providers and healthcare providers. Disruptions in their ability to communicate effectively can result in delays in emergency response, medical treatment, and potentially loss of life. Disruptions in the general public’s communications systems can result in delays regarding the dissemination of emergency information warnings and/or alerts. Climate Change Impacts on Communications Natural hazard events can often directly contribute to communications threats primarily through the long-term loss of power. Projected increases in the frequency and severity of natural hazards, particularly wind-related events such as downed power lines, will likely impact the continuity of communications. Energy The energy sector is unique in that it enables the functionality of all infrastructure sectors. Power outages, the most common type of failure, can result in negative sequential patterning to the environment and lifestyle: it can cause an overabundance of carbon monoxide due to the use of generators, grills and similar items during an outage; spoiling of food; compromised water purification systems resulting in water that may be unsafe to drink; loss of heating/air conditioning, resulting in vulnerability to extreme heat and cold; electric shock resulting from damaged power lines and power surges when electricity is restored.21 Climate Change Impacts on Energy Climate change and projected increases in warmer temperatures is likely to both increase electricity demand for cooling in the summer and decrease electricity, natural gas, heating oil, and wood demand for heating in the winter. SLR projections and increases in the frequency and intensity of intense storm events could disrupt energy production and delivery by damaging electricity infrastructure, fuel delivery infrastructure and equipment, power plants, or storage facilities. Information Technology Information technology systems and services include the networks, hardware, software, and the Internet that so many residents, businesses, and agencies/organizations rely on every day. Threats to information technology systems and services require effective responses to minimize loss of critical data and continuity of services and security. 21 Massachusetts Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment, p. 207. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 93 The Town periodically conducts comprehensive cyber security education and phish testing (sending phishing emails generated by the IT Department rather than a malicious attacker which provides insight into how well phishing training programs are working and which employees are most likely to be susceptible to a phishing email) for municipal employees. The Brewster Police Department and Council on Aging also conduct cyber education awareness training for residents periodically. The Town is currently transitioning to cloud services (Microsoft 365 – a remote cloud computing server rather than an on-site server), migrating municipal permits to the cloud and has redundant backups of servers. Climate Change Impacts on Information Technology Natural hazard events can often indirectly contribute to information technology threats through long-term loss of power, or extreme heat. Projected increases in the frequency and severity of natural hazards, particularly wind-related events such as downed power lines, will likely impact the provision for and security of information technology. Transportation Systems The quality of the Town’s transportation systems (roads and highways) contributes significantly to the response of a disaster. Poor quality systems and structures can hinder access or limit ability to evacuate if necessary. Bridges are also a component of the critical infrastructure. Climate Change Impacts on Transportation Systems Natural hazard events can often indirectly contribute to transportation system threats through making roadways impassable. Projected increases in the frequency and severity of natural hazards such as precipitation and flooding, or wind-related events that cause downed trees or power lines will likely impact the provision for and security of transportation systems. Drinking Water – Brewster Water Department22 The Town has five groundwater wells pumping water from the Monomoy Lens. The Monomoy Lens is one of the six groundwater lenses that make up the Cape Cod Sole Source Aquifer. Each of the well sites has large Town owned tracts of land surrounding them for water quality protection. Activity is restricted to passive recreation on Town wellfield acreage. A Source Water Assessment was completed in Brewster in 2003 by members of the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), Drinking Water Program (DWP). A Source Water Assessment and Protection (SWAP) Report has been issued and contains an evaluation of the land uses, environmental vulnerabilities and protection measures around the wellfield areas of the Town. The susceptibility of the Town’s wells, as determined during the Assessment, is as follows: Wells #1 – 3 High; Well #4 and #6 Moderate. While these assessments 22 Brewster Water Department, 2019 Annual Water Quality Report, 2019. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 94 are serious, the reason for the determination is the lack of underground or geological formations, such as a clay layer, that would create a hydrological barrier to possible contamination. In 2020, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Horsley Witten Group, Inc. worked with the Town of Brewster to offer free, confidential, cybersecurity assessments and technical assistance to interested water and wastewater utilities. Based on the results of the water utility assessment, a cyber action plan was developed to assist the Town to better prepare for, respond to and recover from a cyberattack. Due to the limited size of the water utility and Town overall, separate incident response plans were developed for each. Climate Change Impacts on the Drinking Water System As sea levels rise, so too does the potential for saltwater intrusion in groundwater aquifers. This saltwater intrusion can significantly increase treatment costs or force the closure of the well. Wastewater/Septic Systems As previously discussed, wastewater in Brewster is managed by on-site Title 5 subsurface disposal systems, Innovative Alternative systems, or other offsite satellite or centralized treatment processes. Similar challenges exist to those further described in climate change impacts to wastewater/septic systems that follows. Climate Change Impacts on Wastewater/Septic Systems23 Climate change poses several challenges to septic systems. First, rising sea levels associated with climate change cause near-shore groundwater tables to rise and reduce separation distances to the leachfield base, compromising the systems’ ability to treat bacteria and pathogens in wastewater. Leachfields rely on unsaturated soil for proper physical and biochemical treatment of wastewater. When sea levels rise, saltwater from the ocean intrudes into groundwater reservoirs. The saltwater then displaces the less dense, lighter freshwater, causing the groundwater to rise into the soil profile above, limiting the amount of unsaturated soil beneath the leachfield. Second, increased heavy precipitation events associated with climate change add to the problem of a rising groundwater table. Increased water percolating into the soil from above refills, or “recharges” the groundwater table, resulting in an even higher groundwater table. When increased recharge of groundwater tables (caused by increased precipitation) is combined with rising sea-levels, the groundwater levels could rise as much as an additional foot higher than the projected median sea-level rise at some coastal locations during these precipitation periods. 23 Elena Mihaly, Avoiding Septic Shock: How Climate Change Can Cause Septic System Failure and Whether New England States are Prepared, Ocean and Coastal Law Journal Volume 23/Number 1, January 2018. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 95 Third, the saturation from increased precipitation depletes oxygen in soils, compromising aerobic microbial activity and the resulting treatment of wastewater. In addition, rising temperatures from climate change further compromises healthy aerobic microbial function due to greater oxygen demand that affects biochemical treatment processes in the soil. Critical infrastructure in each sector is located throughout the community, including communications infrastructure, energy facilities, transportation systems, and water facilities. Predicting the next infrastructure failure and precise location/sector is often difficult and generally dependent on the quality, upkeep, and maintenance of each piece of infrastructure. Brewster periodically experiences small scale infrastructure failures, often as secondary impacts from natural hazards such as power and communication outages. There have been no recorded disruptions to critical infrastructure that had cascading effects that negatively impacted the community’s security, public health and safety, and economic vitality. Brewster is considered at moderate risk of future infrastructure failure incidents. Population at Risk from Infrastructure Failure-Related Hazards The entire Town is equally susceptible to an infrastructure failure incident. Probability of Future Occurrence of Infrastructure Failure-Related Hazards Although the State of Massachusetts has not experienced recent, prolonged catastrophic infrastructure failures, a significant failure could result in severe disruptions to public life and overall emergency response efforts. There is the potential probability of an infrastructure failure in Brewster within the next five years. 2.4 Vulnerability Vulnerability indicates what is likely to be damaged by the identified hazards and how severe that damage could be. After identifying types and areas of risk, a vulnerability analysis can help to determine the gaps in the community. This section examines the vulnerability of the built environment, such as structures, utilities, roads, and bridges, as well as social and environmental vulnerability. A vulnerability analysis also estimates the number of people exposed to hazards, including elderly populations and concentrated populations. This also includes such things as whether the shelter capacity is sufficient for the affected population, and whether businesses are likely to face temporary closure due to natural disasters. Historical damages are often good indicators for current exposure and potential damage. A vulnerability chart was developed based on the identification and profile of the natural hazards that have occurred throughout Brewster over time, as presented earlier in Section 2.3. Below, Table 2-21 Vulnerability Matrix 2021 describes the expected frequency of occurrence, and the potential severity of the damage resulting from each individual hazard evaluated for this update. Coordination with Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 96 the State Plan was also a consideration in the development of the updated Vulnerability Matrix. Table 2-21 Vulnerability Matrix 2021 Hazard Frequency Severity Flood-Related Hazards High Serious/Extensive Winter-Related Hazards High Serious Wind-Related Hazards High Serious/Extensive Geologic-Related Hazards Very Low/Low Minor/Serious Extreme Heat High Minor Drought High Minor Urban Fire/Wildfire N/A N/A Invasive Species Low Minor 2.4.1 Development Trends Since 2016, Brewster’s vulnerability to natural disasters has not significantly changed. New developments are compliant with the updated State building codes and stormwater standards, and in turn, these more restrictive codes help facilitate decreases in a structures’ overall vulnerability. Land Use Changes Brewster experienced a decrease in population and increase in total housing units over the past decade. Between 2010 – 2020, there was a 4.9% decrease in population and a 22% increase in housing stock.24 Residential/Mixed Use Development Trends Development interest and activity continues in Brewster today. Below is a list of major development projects (approved, under construction, or completed since the 2016 draft plan), outside the Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA): Residential: • Brewster Woods (affordable) o 30 rental units/Open Space o Completed • Habitat for Humanity (affordable, Paul Hush Way) o 14 homes o Completed • Serenity Brewster (age-restricted, 55+) o 132 units 24 https://data.census.gov/cedsci/all?q=Brewster%20town,%20Barnstable%20County,%20Massach usetts%20Housing Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 97 o Opening 2022 Commercial: • Solar Array (2016) o 8,565 SF o Completed • Cumberland Farms (2016) o 4,980 SF o Completed • Brewster Fire Department (2016) o 23,472 SF • Commercial Building (2016) o 2,400 SF o Completed • Ocean Edge Resort (2017) o 6,960 SF Commercial o 2,269 SF Mixed Use o Completed • Arts Empowering Life (2017) o 17,170 SF • Commercial Building (2018) o 3,200 SF o Completed • Cape Cod Grow Lab (2018) o 9,900 SF • Ocean Edge Custom Homes (2019) o 4,200 SF • Next Grid, Inc. (2019) o 35,483 SF (Solar Array) • Latham Center, Inc. (2019) o 3,588 SF Administration Building o 10,956 SF Educational/Gym Space o 4,038 SF Meeting House/Office Building • Distributed Solar Development, Inc./Town of Brewster (2020) o 36,692 SF (Solar Canopy) o Completed • Next Grid, Inc. (2020) o 365,468 SF (Solar Array) Commercial Development Trends Other than the new Fire Station and Latham Center (residential care/treatment/education facility), commercial development has been relatively limited in Brewster over the past five. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 98 2.4.2 Economic Vulnerability NFIP-Insured Property Damage As seen in Table 2-22, FEMA estimated that the value of property insured by the NFIP in Brewster is $38,345,300 as of April 1, 2020 (MA State NFIP Coordinator/Deputy Hazard Mitigation Officer). Through April 1, 2020, twenty-one total losses were reported with a total of $84,471.07 in payments. In Brewster, there are no properties that meet FEMA’s definition of repetitive flood loss through April 1, 2020: A repetitive loss property is any property, which NFIP has paid two or more flood claims of $1,000 or more in any given 10-year period since 1978. Table 2-22 Summary of National Flood Insurance Program Activity in Brewster, MA Total Policies Coverage Value Policies in A-Zone Claims Since 1978 119 $38, 345,300 5 21/$84,471.07 Source: FEMA, NFIP, Loss Statistics from January 1, 1978 through April 1, 2020 Impacts of FEMA Flood Zones HW performed an analysis to estimate the total land and building values within FEMA VE, 100-, and 500-year flood zones. The number and types of residential, commercial, industrial, and municipally owned structures are described earlier in Section 2.3.1 and quantified in Table 2-23 Total Vulnerability FEMA VE Flood Zone Summary, Table 2-24 Total Vulnerability 100-Year Flood Zone, 2-25 Total Vulnerability FEMA 500-Year Flood Zone, also shown on Map 2-3 FEMA Flood Hazard Areas. Table 2-23 Total Vulnerability FEMA VE Flood Zone Summary Land Use No. of Parcels Impacted Total Value Charitable 8 $3,349,800 Commercial 1 $1,737,300 Hotel/Motel/Inn 1 $3,285,200 Improved - Selectmen (Town) 1 $1,903,900 Multiple Use Property 2 $4,866,800 Other Land 23 $5,393,000 Outdoor Recreation 3 $8,764,200 Public Service 1 $1,500 Residential 320 $385,284,300 State 8 $23,698,700 Vacant - Developable 6 $5,479,000 Vacant - Undevelopable 12 $141,200 Vacant - Conservation (Town) 10 $5,983,200 Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 99 Vacant - Selectmen (Town) 14 $13,410,800 Total 410 $463,298,900 Source: Brewster Tax Assessor CAMA data, Massachusetts Property Tax Use Code. Table 2-24 Total Vulnerability FEMA 100-Year Flood Zone Summary Land Use No. of Parcels Impacted Total Value Charitable 57 $9,014,500 Commercial 5 $54,631,500 Electric Generation 1 $2,315,000 Hotel/Motel/Inn 4 $13,954,700 Improved - Selectmen (Town) 4 $11,930,200 Mining/Quarrying 1 $2,440,500 Multiple Use Property 12 $12,509,650 Office 3 $2,109,500 Other Land 38 $6,122,600 Outdoor Recreation 7 $10,472,500 Productive Land 1 $253,540 Residential 1,344 $635,492,800 State 13 $41,988,700 Storage/Warehouse 1 $1,905,700 Utility 1 $1,124,900 Vacant - Developable 37 $12,151,200 Vacant - District 1 $1,733,300 Vacant - Undevelopable 49 $296,100 Vacant - Conservation (Town) 66 $19,920,500 Vacant - Conservation (other Town) 1 $8,200 Vacant - Selectmen (Town) 33 $7,777,000 Vacant - Tax/Title (Town) 1 $17,700 Total 1,680 $848,170,290 Source: Brewster Tax Assessor CAMA data, Massachusetts Property Tax Use Code. Table 2-25 Total Vulnerability FEMA 500-Year Flood Zone Summary Land Use No. of Parcels Impacted Total Value Charitable 29 $1,901,500 Hotel/Motel/Inn 1 $8,155,000 Multiple Use Property 6 $7,451,430 Office 4 $2,684,300 Other Land 11 $646,200 Outdoor Recreation 1 $9,308,900 Productive Land 8 $1,407,370 Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 100 Religious 1 $568,200 Residential 981 $330,228,400 Vacant - Developable 3 $985,700 Vacant - District 1 $513,300 Vacant - Undevelopable 22 $115,100 Vacant - Conservation (Town) 9 $1,436,900 Vacant - Selectmen (Town) 9 $2,613,800 Vacant - Tax/Title (Town) 1 $125,000 Total 1,087 $368,141,100 Source: Brewster Tax Assessor CAMA data, Massachusetts Property Tax Use Code. Impacts of Sea Level Rise Concerns about the accelerated rate of SLR in Massachusetts and the impacts on coastal areas, HW performed a second analysis to estimate the total assessed values of properties across a range of projected SLR scenarios (evaluated for 1-foot and 3-foot rise only). As discussed earlier, the CCC utilized NOAA’s Office of Coastal Management – Digital Coast data to illustrate the potential for future impacts across the range of projected SLR scenarios for Massachusetts. The number and types of residential, commercial, industrial, and municipally owned structures are quantified in Table 2-26 Total Vulnerability Sea Level Rise 1-Foot Scenario and Table 2-27 Total Vulnerability Sea Level Rise 3- Foot Scenario below, also shown on Map 2-2 Sea Level Rise Scenarios (Appendix A). Table 2-26 Total Vulnerability Sea Level Rise 1-Foot Scenario Land Use No. of Parcels Impacted Total Value Charitable 10 $2,592,300 Commercial 1 $1,737,300 Hotel/Motel/Inn 1 $3,285,200 Improved - Selectmen (Town) 1 $1,903,900 Multiple Use Property 2 $4,866,800 Other Land 20 $5,367,600 Outdoor Recreation 3 $8,764,200 Public Service 1 $1,500 Residential 281 $315,551,400 State 2 $1,299,300 Vacant - Developable 4 $5,164,500 Vacant - Undevelopable 6 $20,900 Vacant - Conservation (Town) 16 $6,911,100 Vacant - Selectmen (Town) 13 $11,475,000 Total 361 $368,941,000 Source: Brewster Tax Assessor CAMA data, Massachusetts Property Tax Use Code. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 101 Table 2-27 Total Vulnerability Sea Level Rise 3-Foot Scenario Land Use No. of Parcels Impacted Total Value Charitable 12 $2,627,600 Commercial 1 $1,737,300 Hotel/Motel/Inn 1 $3,285,200 Improved - Selectmen (Town) 1 $1,903,900 Multiple Use Property 3 $6,382,600 Other Land 20 $5,367,600 Outdoor Recreation 3 $8,764,200 Public Service 1 $1,500 Residential 318 $360,948,500 State 8 $22,729,600 Vacant - Developable 6 $5,479,000 Vacant - Conservation (Town) 17 $7,211,200 Vacant - Selectmen (Town) 16 $13,474,700 Total 407 $439,912,900 Source: Brewster Tax Assessor CAMA data, Massachusetts Property Tax Use Code. Impacts of Hurricane Surge Inundation Areas HW performed a third analysis to estimate the total land and building assessed values of properties located within the worst-case hurricane surge areas for categories 1 through 4 hurricanes developed by the National Hurricane Center using the SLOSH Model. The number and types of parcels/structures are quantified in Table 2-28 Total Vulnerability Hurricane Category 1, Table 2-29 Total Vulnerability Hurricane Category 2, Table 2-30 Total Vulnerability Hurricane Category 3, Table 2-31 Total Vulnerability Hurricane Category 4 below, and also shown on Map 2-7 Storm Surge Scenarios. Table 2-28 Total Vulnerability Hurricane Category 1 Land Use No. of Parcels Impacted Total Value Charitable 7 $513,400 Commercial 1 $1,737,300 Hotel/Motel/Inn 1 $3,285,200 Improved - Selectmen (Town) 1 $1,903,900 Multiple Use Property 2 $4,866,800 Other Land 18 $5,322,900 Outdoor Recreation 3 $8,764,200 Public Service 1 $1,500 Residential 273 $301,115,000 State 2 $1,299,300 Vacant - Developable 3 $4,321,400 Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 102 Vacant - Undevelopable 5 $17,600 Vacant - Conservation (Town) 10 $6,133,900 Vacant - Selectmen (Town) 10 $8,764,500 Total 337 $348,046,900 Source: Brewster Tax Assessor CAMA data, Massachusetts Property Tax Use Code Table 2-29 Total Vulnerability Hurricane Category 2 Land Use No. of Parcels Impacted Total Value Charitable 11 $2,642,300 Commercial 1 $1,737,300 Hotel/Motel/Inn 1 $3,285,200 Improved - Selectmen (Town) 1 $1,903,900 Multiple Use Property 2 $4,357,420 Other Land 20 $5,367,600 Outdoor Recreation 3 $8,764,200 Residential 308 $358,700,680 State 8 $22,729,600 Vacant - Developable 4 $5,164,500 Vacant - Undevelopable 8 $23,500 Vacant - Conservation (Town) 16 $6,911,100 Vacant - Selectmen (Town) 16 $13,474,700 Total 399 $435,062,000 Source: Brewster Tax Assessor CAMA data, Massachusetts Property Tax Use Code Table 2-30 Total Vulnerability Hurricane Category 3 Land Use No. of Parcels Impacted Total Value Charitable 31 $3,351,400 Commercial 3 $3,331,700 Hotel/Motel/Inn 1 $3,285,200 Improved - Selectmen (Town) 1 $1,903,900 Multiple Use Property 7 $8,698,250 Other Land 24 $5,937,200 Outdoor Recreation 1 $8,764,200 Public Service 1 $1,500 Residential 373 $424,287,800 State 8 $22,729,600 Vacant - Developable 10 $6,575,100 Vacant - Undevelopable 24 $180,500 Vacant - Conservation (Town) 21 $8,154,100 Vacant - Selectmen (Town) 16 $13,607,900 Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 103 Total 521 $510,808,350 Source: Brewster Tax Assessor CAMA data, Massachusetts Property Tax Use Code Table 2-31 Total Vulnerability Hurricane Category 4 Land Use No. of Parcels Impacted Total Value Charitable 36 $4,344,300 Commercial 3 $3,331,700 Hotel/Motel/Inn 4 $6,241,800 Improved - Selectmen (Town) 1 $1,903,900 Mining/Quarrying 1 $2,440,500 Multiple Use Property 10 $10,422,850 Other Land 22 $5,864,100 Outdoor Recreation 3 $8,764,200 Public Service 1 $1,500 Religious 1 $568,200 Residential 484 $506,664,700 State 11 $24,724,900 Storage/Warehouse 1 $1,905,700 Utility 1 $1,124,900 Vacant - Agricultural/Horticultural 2 $1,000 Vacant - Developable 14 $9,045,700 Vacant - Undevelopable 39 $244,100 Vacant - Conservation (Town) 16 $8,348,800 Vacant - Conservation (other Town) 1 $8,200 Vacant - Selectmen (Town) 14 $12,583,400 Vacant - Tax/Title (Town) 2 $16,200 Total 667 $608,550,650 Source: Brewster Tax Assessor CAMA data, Massachusetts Property Tax Use Code Impacts of Business Interruption Notwithstanding the obvious costs of commercial property damage, the impacts of potential business interruption from a natural disaster in Brewster cannot be under-estimated. Business closures result in a reduction of revenues to proprietors and a loss of wages to employees. Also, State and local tax revenues can be significantly reduced. In addition to the costs of commercial property damage, the impacts from potential business interruption following a disaster in Brewster could have long-lasting effects on the local economy, quality of life, and sense of place that has been maintained and revered for generations. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 104 2.4.3 Social Vulnerability A critical step in assessing risk and vulnerability of Brewster to natural hazards is to identify the links between the potential destructive impacts to the built and natural environments and that relationship to the social structure. The social assets/potential losses continue to be key components of the community and include the closure of institutions, loss of vital services (communication and transportation systems), and disruption in the movement of goods and services, and emotional strain from financial and physical losses. The vulnerability of a community obviously includes the potential for direct damage to residential, commercial and industrial property, as well as, schools, government and critical facilities. However, it also includes the potential for disruption of communication and transportation following disasters. Any disruption to the infrastructure, such as a loss of electric power or break in gas lines, can interrupt businesses and cause stress to affected families. This is especially the case where residents are forced to evacuate their homes and become subject to shortages of basic supplies. Public Infrastructure and Emergency Life Lines As previously discussed in Section 2.3.11, infrastructure failure is considered any disruption to critical infrastructure that could have cascading effects that negatively impact a community’s security, public health and safety, and economic vitality. Although the Town has been proactive in ensuring resilience in its infrastructure, the potential still exists. The development of mitigation actions has been considered over the next five years (Table 2-32). Table 2-32 Lifeline Sectors Impacted by Infrastructure Failure Lifeline Description Communications The communications sector is an integral component of the underlying operations of all businesses, public safety organizations, and government. Communications (e.g., phone, cable, internet infrastructure can also be affected through loss of power to system components or direct physical damage to system components caused by natural disaster or intentional acts. Emergency Services Disruption of emergency services could inhibit response, which could have cascading impacts to include serious injury or death to those who do not receive emergency services in a timely manner or at all. Energy This lifeline sector is uniquely critical because it provides and enables the functionality of all infrastructure sectors. For example, the energy sector supplies fuels to the transportation industry, electricity to households and businesses, and other sources of energy that are integral to growth and production across the nation. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 105 Lifeline Description Power outages, the most common type of failure, can result in negative sequential patterning to the environment and lifestyle: it can cause an overabundance of carbon monoxide due to the use of generators, grills, and similar items during an outage; spoiling of food; compromised water purification systems resulting in water that may be unsafe to drink; loss of heating/air conditioning, resulting in vulnerability to extreme heat and cold; electric shock resulting from damaged power lines and power surges when electricity is restored. Power outages can be particularly dangerous for critical facilities, such as hospitals. Many vaccines must e refrigerated, and a power outage could severely deplete the supply of certain vaccines in the affected area. Depending on the scale of the of the power outage, power may not be restored for some time. If a power outage occurs during extreme cold, water heaters, plumbing systems, and heating and cooling systems may be susceptible to damage due to freezing. Information Technology The information technology sector is central to security, economy, and public health and safety as businesses, governments, academia, and private citizens in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts are increasingly dependent upon technological functions for communications and operations. Transportation Systems Transportation incidents become critical when they negatively impact or affect critical infrastructure dependent on transportation systems for operations. These can include: transportation and energy systems, defense installations, banking and financial assets, water supplies, chemical plants, food and agricultural resources, police and fire departments, hospitals and public health systems, and government offices. Water and Wastewater Systems Water distribution can be affected in three ways: the amount of water available; the quality of the water; and the viability of the physical components of the distribution systems. Contamination of the water supply can occur naturally, as a result of human error, or intentionally. Occasionally, the release of agricultural run-off, manure or other farming byproducts can contaminate water. Disruption to the distribution system can occur because of loss of power to pumping and treatment stations. Source: Massachusetts Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment. Evacuation/Population at Risk The use of mass care facilities during an emergency is dependent on a variety of circumstances. These include warning time, public awareness of the hazard, the level of encouragement from public officials and the availability of shelters. The Town’s existing shelter capacity in Red Cross certified shelters is 1,225 persons, Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 106 plus the capacity of the Cape Cod Regional Technical High School in Harwich with capacity for approximately 1,000 persons. All shelter facilities have generators. In the event of a major catastrophic event, during tourist season, with people unable to leave Cape Cod, turning back and seeking shelter in the closest town, the total number of persons needing shelter could be extremely high. Of the Town’s estimated 2018 population of 9,806, it is anticipated that an average of approximately 981 (10%) will evacuate and 8,825 will remain in place. Of the evacuating 981, it is estimated that one-third (or 327) will seek some sort of short-term shelter, and one-half (163) will require long-term sheltering – on any given day outside of tourist season. In the event of a major catastrophic event, during tourist season, with people unable to leave Cape Cod, turning back and seeking shelter in the closest town, the total number of persons needing shelter could be significantly higher (population nearly doubles during peak tourist season). That being said, if it is anticipated 10% of the population will evacuate (of an estimated 20,000 people) with approximately 2,000 people looking to evacuate. Of the evacuating 2,000, it is estimated that one-third (or 667) will seek some sort of short-term shelter, and one-half (or 334 will require long-term sheltering. Based on the existing shelter capacity in Brewster (Table 2-33), as well as additional capacity at the Cape Cod Regional Technical High School in Harwich (overflow shelter), there appears to be sufficient capacity for both residents and tourists. Shelter use is not easily predicted because each emergency situation has different variables such as the length of the warning period, official encouragement of the evacuation, public awareness of the location and availability of shelter, and the severity of the approaching hazard. Shelter use may be higher in the winter, such as an ice or snowstorm, since homes would be without heat should there be power outages. Table 2-33 Brewster/Regional Public Shelter Facilities Facility Name Capacity Generator Eddy Elementary School 400 Yes Stony Brook Elementary School 400 Yes Captain's Golf Course 150 Yes Cape Cod Sea Camps 100 Yes Our Lady of the Cape Catholic Church 75 Yes Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints 100 Yes Total 1,225 Source: Town of Brewster LHMW Cultural Resources Brewster's cultural resources include historic structures, museums, archival collections, and archaeological sites. These resources are significant not only to Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 107 the Brewster's history, but also to its economic vitality as a tourist destination. The Town has the Brewster Old King’s Highway Historic District listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and several, and the Factory Village Historic District on the State Register of Historic Places. There are also a number of archaeologically sensitive areas. Brewster has a number of mansions, called “Sea Captain’s Houses,” as well as many other historic homes and structures. Totaling over 200, these are a highly visible component of the historic, rural character of the Town. Brewster also has private, non-profit and Town-owned historical buildings, organizations and museums with valuable archival collections. Both historic structures and archival collections are subject to loss due to fire, flood, or other natural disasters. Archaeological resources may be uncovered during heavy winds or coastal erosion due to severe storms. Appropriate initial treatment and prompt response measures can help prevent total loss of these resources in the event of a natural disaster or fire. 2.4.4 Environmental Vulnerability Hurricanes, earthquakes, nor’easters, floods or any weather-related hazard event, in addition to invasive species, will have particular impacts on the natural and built environment. Differences in storm size, speed of movement, wind speeds, and landfall location relative to vulnerable resources makes for high variability in impacts and related costs associated with weather-related events. For invasive species, the location and breadth of the growth/stands will cause the same variability in impacts, however, mostly indirect in nature. When the natural environment is impacted there are both direct and indirect costs. Impacts of severe weather events to the natural environment include both direct (loss of habitat and salinization of land/ groundwater) and indirect costs (widespread inland damage to the built environment, threats to ecosystems/ species, and contamination of potable water supply). 2.5 FEMA Disaster Grant Assistance FEMA has provided the Town of Brewster with approximately $215,067.40 in grant assistance for the following recent disasters: • 2019 Tornado Disaster Number: Unknown…Barnstable County did not qualify, however, State legislatures provided supplemental funding. $17,710.00 Main Items for Funding Provided for: o Personnel overtime/equipment (Fire/Police/DPW) • March 2018 Severe Storm Disaster Number: DR-4372 Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 108 $11,225.68 Main Items for Funding Provided for: o Personnel overtime/equipment (Fire/Police/DPW) o Materials expenses (salt/sand) • January 2015 Snowstorm (Juno) Disaster Number: DR-4214 $88,583.71 Main Items for Funding Provided for: o Personnel overtime/equipment (Fire/Police/DPW) o Materials expenses (salt/sand) o Contractors snow removal and building/system repair costs • February 2013 Snowstorm (NEMO) Disaster Number: DR-4110 $46,135.59 Main Items for Funding Provided for: o Personnel overtime/equipment (Fire/Police/DPW) o Materials expenses (salt/sand) o Contractors snow removal and building/system repair costs • Superstorm Sandy (2012) Disaster Number: DR-4097 $29,191.35 Main Items for Funding Provided for: o Personnel overtime/equipment (Fire/Police/DPW) • August 2011 Tropical Storm Irene Disaster Number: 4028 $22,221.07 Main Items for Funding Provided for: o Personnel overtime/equipment (Fire/Police/DPW) o Contractors building/system repair costs Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 109 Section 3 Capability Assessment 3.1 Introduction The Capabilities Assessment section has been restructured to better document local, state, and federal department, agency and program capabilities in terms of pre- and post-disaster activities. It has been organized into three main sections: Planning and Regulatory capabilities, Administrative and Technical capabilities, and Financial capabilities to better define the programs, policies, and funding opportunities each department or agency is implementing to reduce risk and work towards implementing hazard mitigation programs targeted at increased resiliency. The Town of Brewster implements several hazard mitigation policies and procedures, current state laws, executive orders, and regulations to promote the safety of its residents and minimize risk to community assets. This section presents a brief description of each of the primary mitigation programs currently in place. 3.2 Planning and Regulatory Capabilities Town of Brewster Vision Plan 2018 The Brewster Vision Plan expresses the community’s preferences for how it intends to evolve socially, physically and economically by guiding town decisions and serving as a framework for other future plans, such as a comprehensive plan. Eight building blocks were developed, those of which are applicable to hazard mitigation planning are referenced below: Coastal Management Goal: In the context of coastal change, preserve and protect Brewster’s coastal resources and expand public access. Purpose 1: Protect coastal resources in ways that preserve coastal ecosystems and habitats and the character of the town and coastal neighborhoods. 1. Develop a town-wide Coastal Resource Management Plan based on science and best practices, with a focus on soft solutions, protecting habitat and managing stormwater. 2. Consider best practices for minimally sensitive infrastructure such as boardwalks, parking setback from sensitive areas and the use of permeable materials for parking areas. 3. Implement the Brewster Coastal Adaptation Strategy for the Town’s public beaches and landings, including engaging citizens before coming up with specific plans. Purpose 3: Adapt to climate change projections and advance adaptation and resiliency techniques that are financially and environmentally sustainable. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 110 a. Identify techniques such as living shorelines, nourishment from dredged material, and land acquisition for retreat locations to adapt to coastal change. b. Provide outreach and education (signs, field trips, publications) to build awareness of citizens and decision makers about the nature of coastal change. Mapping Storm Tide Pathways in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts 2021 In 2019, the Center for Coastal Studies identified 12 pathways in Brewster that are 12 inches above the water level recorded by the USGS Sesuit Harbor tide gauge (16.4 ft MLLW) which would likely flood approximately 49 acres of land and represent new areas of flooding that town staff may not be aware of but might want to consider for future planning. Open Space and Recreation Plan 2021 The Open Space and Recreation Plan is another planning document intended to advise the Board of Selectmen on open space preservation and acquisition efforts, act as a resource for other agencies with open space concerns, as well as other municipal officials, Boards and Commissions. Brewster possesses valuable natural areas which provide an opportunity for open space preservation and acquisition. Areas which should be targeted for acquisition include agricultural lands, wetlands, land in drinking water supply watersheds, river and stream corridors, and areas of groundwater recharge. The following goals and objectives applicable to hazard mitigation planning are referenced from the Open Space and Recreation Plan 2021: Goal 1: Protect the Town’s drinking water supply to meet the needs of residents and visitors today and in the future. Objective 1-B: Protect existing public supply wells from land-based sources of contamination. Goal 3: Preserve and enhance habitat diversity and protect marine and fresh surface water resources to maintain their important ecological functions and values to the community. Objective 3-A: Protect marine and freshwater resources from pollution and degradation. Objective 3-C: Acquire, preserve and enhance natural areas to mitigate natural hazards and increase Brewster’s resilience to climate change impacts, including projected sea level rise. Objective 3-D: Increase public awareness of the importance of natural resource protection, conservation management, and the impacts of climate change and Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 111 natural disasters to promote environmental stewardship. Goal 4: Provide a variety of recreation and open space opportunities to promote healthy and active lifestyles for Brewster residents, ensuring equitable access for all users and abilities. Objective 4-G: Plan for future pandemics that impact access to open space and recreational resources. Integrated Water Resources Management Plan 2013 A series of regulatory and non-regulatory recommendations identified as part of the Phase II analysis, including: General Recommendation • Continue to protect open space in sensitive watersheds and in Zone IIs to the Town’s public supply wells. Water Supply • Strengthen the Water Conservation Bylaw (Chapter 112, Article 1 of the Brewster Town Code. • Strengthen the Zoning Bylaw provision for drinking water quality protection by mandating the Natural Resource Protection Design (NRPD) in its District of Critical Planning Concern (DCPC), rather than ‘encouraging’ it. Stormwater • Implement a Stormwater Management Bylaw. • Encourage Low Impact Development (LID) through Zoning Bylaws and Subdivision Rules and Regulations. Subdivision Rules and Regulations (Chapter 290, Article IV Design and Construction Standards The Town’s Subdivision rules and Regulations (amended 5/27/2009) include requirements that address Drainage and Protection of Natural Features that also address hazard mitigation in the Town. Section 290-19 Drainage • The construction of a drainage system, including methods of construction and quality of materials used, shall be in conformity with the definitive plan, and the details shall conform to the details of the Massachusetts Highway Department specifications and standards and typical roadway construction details unless specifically excepted by the Board. • There shall be a drainage basin every 300 feet on continuous grades. • The quantity of stormwater carried by drains normally shall be determined by the Rational Formula Method, unless an engineer shows evidence that Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 112 another approach is more appropriate in a specific case. However, in no event shall the protection provided be for a lower design storm than specified below. The design storm shall be 25 years in normal cases involving developments, 10 years for industrial subdivisions and 100 years for bridge openings. • The engineer shall provide a plan for stormwater runoff based on the method outlined above, which shall be attached to the road profiles. Additionally, a topographic plan showing the areas of drainage contribution both on and abutting the development shall be furnished. Section 290-24 Protection of Natural Features Due regard shall be shown for all natural features, such as large trees, watercourses, scenic vistas, historic properties and similar community assets, which, if preserved, will add attractiveness and value to the subdivision. • Topsoil. Topsoil removed during construction shall be redistributed so as to provide at least four inches of cover to all areas of the subdivision and shall be stabilized by seeding and planting. At no time shall topsoil be removed from the site or tract without written permission from the Board. • Trees. To the fullest extent possible, existing trees shall be preserved by the developer. Special consideration shall be given in the layout of lots and the position of dwellings on the lots to ensure that existing trees shall be preserved, during the process of grading lots and roads. Where there is a question as to the desirability of removing a group of trees in order to allow for use of the land for a lot or lots, and these trees which serve to add interest and variety to the proposed subdivision, the Board may, after proper investigation, withhold approval of such lot or lots. • Floodplains. Proposed subdivisions shall comply with the state floodplain regulations and any acts in amendment thereof in addition thereto or in substitution therefor. Written notice to the Brewster Conservation Commission will be given by the developer if any portion of the proposed subdivision involves wetlands. • Removal, filling or dredging of certain areas on coastal waters. Proposed subdivisions shall comply with the Wetlands Protection Act, and any acts in amendment or in addition thereto or in substitution therefor. Filling of any lands within a proposed subdivision should be brought to the attention of the Board at the time of the preliminary plan. Flooding, Chapter 100 Brewster Zoning Code Whereas certain areas of the Town of Brewster are subject to periodic flooding causing serious damage to properties within these areas; and whereas relief is available in the form of federally subsidized flood insurance as authorized by the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968; and whereas it is the intent of the Town to require the recognition and evaluation of flood hazards in all official actions relating to land use in the floodplain areas having special flood hazards; and whereas the Town of Brewster has legal authority to adopt land use and control Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 113 measures to reduce flood losses pursuant to the Constitution and General Laws of the commonwealth; now, therefore, the Town of Brewster hereby votes that: A. It will enact and maintain in force for those areas having flood hazards adequate land use and control measures with enforcement provisions consistent with the criteria set forth in § 1910 of the National Flood Insurance Program Regulations. B. The Conservation Commission or Selectmen or Planning Board is hereby authorized and directed to: 1. Assist the Flood Insurance Administrator in delineating flood hazard areas on available local maps of sufficient scale to locate building sites for future Town Meeting consideration. 2. Provide such information as the administrator may request concerning present uses and occupancy of the floodplain. 3. Cooperate with federal, local and state agencies and private firms which undertake to study, survey, map and identify flood hazard areas and cooperate with neighboring communities with respect to management of adjoining flood hazard areas in order to prevent aggravation of existing hazards. 4. Submit on the anniversary date of the community's initial eligibility an annual report to the administrator on the progress made during the past year within the community in the development of floodplain management measures. 5. Take any other action reasonable and proper to carry out program objectives of minimizing or eliminating flood damage. Floodplain District (Zoning Code, Article II Establishment of Districts, Section 179-7) The Floodplain District is established as an overlay district. All uses otherwise permitted in the underlying district are allowed, provided that they meet the following additional requirements, as well as those of the Massachusetts State Building Code dealing with construction in floodplains and coastal high hazards. Statement of purpose. The purposes of the Floodplain District are to: • Regulate development in areas subject to coastal storm flowage, particularly high hazard velocity zones. in order to minimize threats to public safety, potential loss of life, personal injury, destruction of property, and environmental damage inevitably resulting from storms, flooding, erosion and relative sea level rise. • Enable safe access to and from coastal homes and buildings for homeowners and emergency response personnel, such as police, fire and rescue departments or other emergency response officials. • Reduce or prevent public health emergencies resulting from surface and ground water contamination from inundation of or damage to sewage disposal systems and storage areas for typical household hazardous substances. • Minimize monetary loss and public health threats resulting from storm damage to public facilities (water and gas mains, electric, telephone lines, Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 114 streets, bridges, etc.). Avoid the loss of utility services which, if damaged by flooding, would disrupt or shut down the utility network and impact regions of the community beyond the site of flooding. • Eliminate costs associated with the response to and cleanup of flooding conditions. • Reduce damage to public and private property resulting from flooding waters. Floodplain District boundaries and base flood elevation and floodway data. • The Floodplain District is herein established as an overlay district. The District includes all special flood hazard areas within the Town of Brewster designated as Zone A, AE, or VE on the Barnstable County Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) issued by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for the administration of the National Flood Insurance Program. The map panels of the Barnstable County FIRM that are wholly or partially within the Town of Brewster are panel numbers 25001C0394J, 25001C0413J, 25001C0414J, 25001C0416J, 25001C0417J, 25001C0418J, 25001C0419J, 25001C0438J, 25001C0582J, 25001C0584J, 25001C0601J, 25001C0602J, 25001C0603J, 25001C0606J, 25001C0607J and 25001C0626J dated July 16, 2014. The exact boundaries of the District may be defined by the one-hundred-year base flood elevations shown on the FIRM and further defined by the Barnstable County Flood Insurance Study (FIS) report dated July 16, 2014. The FIRM and FIS report are incorporated herein by reference and are on file with the Town Clerk, Planning Board, Building Commissioner and Conservation Commission. • Floodway data. In Zone A and AE along watercourses that have not had a regulatory floodway designated, the best available federal, state, local or other floodway data shall be used to prohibit encroachments in floodways which would result in any increase in flood levels within the community during the occurrence of the base flood discharge. • Base flood elevation data. Base flood elevation data is required for subdivision proposals or other developments greater than 50 lots or five acres; whichever is the lesser, within unnumbered A zones. a. Within Zone A, where the base flood elevation is not provided on the FIRM, the applicant shall cause a qualified professional to provide any existing base flood elevation data, which data shall he reviewed by the Building Commissioner/Zoning Agent for its reasonable utilization toward meeting the elevation or floodproofing requirements as appropriate, of the State Building Code. b. The Wetlands Protection Act may require applicants to determine base flood elevation information by engineering calculations using whichever specified methodology is most accepted by the Brewster Conservation Commission. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 115 f. Notification of watercourse alteration. In a riverine situation, the property owner and/or applicant shall notify the following of any alteration or relocation of a watercourse: i. • Adjacent communities. • NFIP State Coordinator Department of Conservation and Recreation 251 Causeway Street, Suite 600-700 Boston, MA 02114-2104 • NFIP Program Specialist FEMA Region I 99 High Street, 6th Floor Boston, MA 02110 E. Use regulations. 1. All provisions of the Code of’ the Town of Brewster, Chapter 179, shall remain applicable within the Floodplain District; provided, however, where the Floodplain District Bylaw imposes additional or conflicting regulations, the more stringent local regulations shall prevail. All development in the Floodplain District, including structural and nonstructural activities, whether permitted by right or by special permit, most be in compliance with (Chapter 131, Section 40, of the Massachusetts General Laws and with the following: a. Section of the Massachusetts State Building Code which addresses floodplain and coastal high hazard areas (currently 780 CMR). b. Wetlands Protection Regulations, Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) (currently 310 CMR 10.00). c. Inland Wetlands Restriction, IMP (currently 310 CMR 13.00). d. Coastal Wetlands Restriction, DEP (currently 310 CMR 12.00). e. Minimum Requirements for the Subsurface Disposal of Sanitary Sewage, DEP (currently 310 CMR 15, Tile 5). f. Brewster Wetlands Protection Bylaw (currently Chapter 172, Brewster Town Code). g. Brewster Wetlands Conservancy District (currently Chapter 179, Article II, § 179-6, Brewster Town Code). 2. Any departure from the provisions and requirements of the above- referenced state or local regulations may only be granted in accordance with the required variance procedures of these state or local regulations. F. Recommended uses. The following uses, which present low flood damage potential and are unlikely to cause obstructions to flood flows, are encouraged, provided they are permitted in the underlying district Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 116 and do not require structures, fill, or the storage of either materials or equipment. 1. Agricultural uses such as farming, grazing, truck farming, horticulture, etc. 2. Forestry and nursery uses. • 3. Outdoor recreational uses, including play areas, nature study, boating, fishing and hunting where otherwise legally permitted. 4. Conservation of water, plants and wildlife. 5. Wildlife management areas, foot, bicycle, and/or horse paths and bridges provided such uses do not affect the natural flow pattern of floodwaters or of any watercourse. 6. Temporary nonresidential structures used in connection with fishing, hunting, bird watching, growing, harvesting, storage, or sale of crops raised on the premises. 7. Buildings and uses lawfully existing prior to the adoption of these provisions. • G. Use limitations. 1. Man-made alteration of sand dunes within Zone VE that increase potential flood damage is prohibited. 2. All new construction within Zone VE is required to be located landward of the reach of mean high tide. 3. All subdivision proposals shall be reviewed to assure that: a. Such proposals minimize flood damage; b. All public utilities and facilities are located and constructed to minimize or eliminate flood damage; and c. Adequate drainage is provided to reduce exposure to flood hazards. H. Administration. 1. There shall be established a routing procedure which will circulate or transmit one copy of the development plan to the Conservation Commission, Planning Board, Board of Health, Town Engineer and Building Commissioner for comments which will be considered by the appropriate permitting board prior to issuing applicable permits. 2. The Building Inspector shall require the applicant to cause a qualified professional to provide records of elevation and floodproofing levels for new construction or substantial improvement within the flood district. • Severability. If any provision of this section should he disapproved by the Attorney General or invalidated by a court of competent jurisdiction, the remainder of the section shall not be affected thereby. The invalidity of any section or sections or parts of any section or sections of this § 179-7 shall not affect the validity of the remainder of the Town of Brewster's Zoning Bylaw. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 117 Wetlands Protection, Chapter 172 Brewster Zoning Code The current Brewster Wetland Protection Regulations governs any activity proposed or undertaken which will constitute filling, dredging or altering any areas. These include marshes, wet meadows, bogs, swamps, vernal pools, coastal banks, land under salt ponds, and fish runs. The regulations also apply to any land within 100 feet of any of these areas. The purpose of this chapter is to protect the wetlands, related water resources and adjoining land areas in the Town by prior review and control of activities deemed by the Conservation Commission to have or be likely to have an effect or cumulative effect upon wetland values, including but not limited to the following: public water supply, private water supply, groundwater and groundwater quality, water quality in the numerous ponds of the Town, flood control, erosion and sedimentation control, storm damage prevention, prevention of water pollution, fisheries, shellfish, wildlife and wildlife habitat, aesthetics and historic values (collectively, the "interests protected by this chapter"). This chapter is further intended to provide a means for review and correction of activities performed by any person in violation of any provision contained herein. This chapter is adopted under the Home Rule Amendment of the Massachusetts Constitution and the Home Rule statutes, independent of the Wetlands Protection Act, MGL c. 131, § 40, and regulations thereunder. Wetlands Conservancy District (Zoning Code, Article II Establishment of Districts, Section 179-6) • Purpose. Wetlands Conservancy Districts are intended to preserve and maintain the groundwater table on which the inhabitants of this or other municipalities depend for water supply; to protect the purity of coastal and inland waters for the propagation of fish and shellfish and for recreational purposes; to protect the public health and safety; to protect persons and property from the hazards of flood and tidal waters which may result from unsuitable development in swamps, ponds, bogs or marshes along watercourses or in areas subject to floods or extreme high tides; and to conserve the natural character of the environment, wildlife and open space for the education and general welfare of the public. • Locations and Boundaries I. Wetlands Conservancy Districts shall include all bordering vegetated wetlands, freshwater banks, land subject to flooding, land under a freshwater body, land under the ocean, coastal beaches, barrier beaches, rocky intertidal shores, land under salt ponds, fish runs, coastal dunes, coastal banks, salt marshes and land containing shellfish which are subject to the jurisdiction of the Wetlands Protection Act, MGL c. 131, § 40, as amended. II. Wetlands Conservancy Districts shall also include the following soil types and soil associations, the location and boundaries of which are shown by Overlay Map Sheets 11, 16, 17, 18 and 22 encompassing Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 118 the Town of Brewster and found in the “Soil Survey of Barnstable County, Massachusetts” issued March 1993 by the United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, which survey is hereby made part of this chapter: Amostown (AmA); Beaches (Bh); Belgrade Silt Loam (BlB); Berryland (BmA); Boxford (BoA) (BoB); Deerfield (DeA); Dune Land (Dn); Freetown (Fm, Ft); Freetown and Swansea (Fs); Hooksan (HoC, HoD, HxC); Ipswich, Pawcatuck and Matunuck (ImA); Maybid (MaA, MbA); Pipestone (PeA); Scitico (ScA); Brewster (SdA); and Walpole (WvA). Soil descriptions as well as their land uses and limitations are found in this survey. Any parcels of land under this section too small to show on the aforementioned map sheets but containing soil types and associations described in the above survey shall be subject to this chapter. Disturbed areas may be accorded Wetlands Conservancy District status if an on-site investigation determines that the filled area covers a Conservancy District soil or soil association. • Prohibited Uses. The following uses are prohibited within the Wetlands Conservancy Districts as defined in this chapter: A. Residential or commercial structures. B. Dumping of filling with refuse, trash, rubbish or debris. C. Any sewage disposal systems, storage areas, tanks for chemicals or petroleum products, or other potential sources of substantial pollution. • Permitted uses. Except as provided in Subsection E below, buildings, structures and premises in Wetlands Conservancy Districts may be used only for the following purposes, so long as no dredging or filling is involved. A. Fishing and shellfishing, including the raising and cultivation of fish and shellfish. B. Forestry, grazing and farming, nurseries, truck gardening and harvesting of crops, including but not limited to such crops as cranberries, marsh hay, seaweed, berries and shrub fruits and trees, and work incidental thereto. C. Conservation of soil, water, plants and wildlife. D. Outdoor activities, including hiking, swimming, boating, nature study, fishing, trapping and hunting. E. Drainage works which are part of the local flood and mosquito control conducted by an authorized public agent. F. Such other agricultural, horticultural, floricultural, religious and educational uses as are exempted from prohibition by MGL c. 40A, § 3. G. Uses accessory to residential or other primary uses, such as flower or vegetable gardens, lawns, pastures or forestry areas. H. The building and use of footbridges, constructed or fabricated trails and walks, stairways, docks and landings. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 119 I. Notwithstanding the prohibition against any land filling or dumping of any soil, peat, sod, gravel, rocks or other mineral substances in Subsection E(4) below, land filling or dumping of any gravel, rocks, sand or other mineral substance is permitted for property owners for the sole purpose of repairing or re- nourishing of bay front beaches after storm damages. • Uses permitted by a special permit. The Board of Appeals may issue a special permit for the following uses and structures in accordance with the provisions of § 179-5 of this chapter. Before issuing a special permit under this section, the Board of Appeals shall consider whether or not the proposed use will be detrimental to the environmental quality of both the subject and contiguous lands. The Board of Appeals may, as an alternative to a denial of a special permit under this section, impose such conditions as it deems necessary to contribute to the protection and preservation of subject land in accordance with the purposes of this chapter. Before issuing a special permit under this section, the Board of Appeals shall forward a copy of the application for the special permit to the Conservation Commission, and the Conservation Commission shall, within 35 days of receipt of a copy of such application, make recommendations to the Board of Appeals concerning the application for a special permit. The Board of Appeals shall not grant any special permit under this section until the report of the Conservation Commission has been received and considered, or until 35 days from delivery of the application copy for the special permit to the Conservation Commission has elapsed without the receipt or the report from the Conservation Commission. Any report of the Conservation Commission to the Board of Appeals under this section shall be an advisory report only. The following uses shall be permitted by a special permit only: • Nonresidential buildings or structures to be used only in conjunction with fishing, shellfishing, the growing and harvesting and storage of crops raised on the premises and boathouses. • Dams, changes in watercourses or other drainage works, only as part of an overall drainage plan constructed or authorized by a public agency as stated in Subsection D above. • Appropriate municipal uses, such as waterworks, pumping stations and parks. • Any landfilling or dumping of any soil, loam, peat, sand, gravel, rocks or other mineral substances • Any draining, damming, dredging, altering or relocating any watercourse or the removal from Wetlands Conservancy Districts of loam, peat, sod, gravel, rocks or other mineral substances. • Certain accessory uses related to scientific research or development, as and to the extent mandated in MGL c. 40A, § 9. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 120 • Emergency action. Any special permit required by § 179-6 of this chapter shall not apply to emergency projects necessary for the protection of health and safety of the citizens of Brewster. "Emergency projects" shall mean any project certified to be an emergency by the Commissioner of the Department of Natural Resources (Department of Environmental Protection) and the Conservation Commission, if this chapter and MGL c. 131, § 40, are both applicable, or by the Conservation Commission alone, if only this chapter is applicable. In no case shall any filling, dredging or altering commence prior to any emergency certification, or extend beyond the time necessary to abate the emergency. Emergency action may be performed by: • An administrative agency of the commonwealth or Town. • A property owner, if emergency approval has or will be granted under the provisions of this Subsection F above and the Building Commissioner deems the action necessary to protect or prevent further damage to an approved and permitted building or structure. Corrective action is to be limited to protection only, and not to complete replacement. Massachusetts State Building Code The Town of Brewster enforces the Massachusetts State Building Code which includes many detailed regulations regarding wind loads, earthquake resistant design, flood-proofing and snow loads. • Wind-Related Hazards o The Town enforces the Massachusetts State Building Code where provisions are adequate to mitigate against most wind damage. The code’s provisions are the most cost-effective mitigation measure against tornadoes given the extremely low probability of occurrence. o The Town is in need of a bucket truck to assist in the trimming/removal of trees as needed. • Geologic-Related Hazards o The State Building Code contains a section on designing for earthquake loads (780 CMR 1612.0) which states that the purpose of these provisions is “to minimize the hazard to life to occupants of all buildings and non-building structures, to increase the expected performance of higher occupancy structures as compared to ordinary structures, and to improve the capability of essential facilities to function during and after an earthquake.” This section goes on to state that due to the complexity of seismic design, the criteria presented are the minimum considered to be “prudent and economically justified” for the protection of life safety. The code also states that absolute safety and prevention of damage, even in an earthquake event with a reasonable Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 121 probability of occurrence, cannot be achieved economically for most buildings. Section 1612.2.5 sets up seismic hazard exposure groups and assigns all buildings to one of these groups according to Table 1612.5. Group II includes buildings which have a substantial public hazard due to occupancy or use and Group III are those buildings having essential facilities which are required for post-earthquake recovery, including fire, rescue and police stations, emergency rooms, power-generating facilities, and communication facilities. Massachusetts Homeowners Handbook to Prepare for Coastal Hazards This handbook was developed to help residents prepare for natural hazards in order to reduce risks to family and property, as a cooperative project with MEMA, FEMA MA CZM, MA DCR, MIT Sea Grant and Woods Hole Sea Grant. This handbook provides basic information on coastal storms, flooding and other hazards, how to protect residents and family members (recommendations for emergency supplies, evacuation kits, evacuation planning and procedures, and other important emergency information), how to protect property from wind and water hazards, general insurance information and resources to assist in recovery should storm damage occur, and an overview of climate change in Massachusetts and how it can exacerbate impacts from coastal hazards. Town of Brewster Coastal Adaptation Strategy 2016 The Town of Brewster’s Coastal Adaptation Strategy is a framework for future decision-making about Brewster’s public coastal areas and will assist the Town in meeting the diverse access needs of the community and adapting to coastal change, sea level rise, storm surge and shoreline erosion. In developing this strategy, Brewster’s shoreline conditions were evaluated and mapped under changing climate scenarios taking into account erosion and accretion along the coast, as well as SLR and storm surge impacts. Based on this evaluation, the Brewster Coastal Adaptation Group chose the following timeframes and future scenarios for the mapping and analyses of SLR and storm surge impacts on Brewster’s coast: • Time horizons of 20 years and a one-foot rise in sea level, 40 years and approximate two-foot rise in sea level, and 60 years and approximate four- foot rise in sea level. • Storm surge levels of two, four, and eight feet. A number of adaptation strategies were developed in the context of established guiding principles, those of which are applicable to hazard mitigation planning, referenced below: New Access Locations in Adapting to the Future The Town should continue to evaluate possible new access points to the shoreline through collaboration with existing property owners. Properties may include state and town-owned land and private properties. The Town Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 122 could evaluate how existing satellite parking facilities could be used or expanded, or if new satellite parking areas and pathways to the shore could be created without impacting sensitive resources. The Coastal Committee can collaborate with the Town’s Open Space Committee and others to identify and plan for the acquisition of parcels that may provide for future access. The proximity of the parcels to sensitive wetland areas and the potential impacts from climate change should be included in this planning process to select sites that will create viable access over the long term. Access for Emergency Vehicles and Shellfishing The guiding principles recommend that access should be provided for all users of the shoreline. Access for emergency vehicles, beach maintenance and shellfishing should be maintained over time. Emergency response is limited by access of the relevant emergency vehicles, including rescue boats and such access should be maintained at as many landings as feasible. Beach Management and Restoration The Town should periodically evaluate the beach management process to evaluate how well it is working and to incorporate any lessons learned over time. This can be coordinated between the Coastal Committee and the Conservation Commission. Ongoing beach management is consistent with the guiding principles as it promotes safe access to the shore through repairs to the town landings after storm events. Therefore, the Town should continue its ongoing work to restore areas at the town landings impacted by storm events. This can include beach nourishment and dune restoration to replace sand lost during a storm: the planting of beach grass and the use of dune fencing to stabilize dunes; and the repair or replacement of pathways, stairs, or ramps used to access the beach. Wetland Resource Adaptation Promoting wetland retreat as sea level rises helps to preserve the valuable habitat and storm damage prevention function of coastal wetlands and is therefore consistent with the guiding principles. The Town should identify opportunities to promote and support wetland retreat to preserve coastal wetlands, including salt marshes to the extent feasible. Strategies to consider include: 1. Mapping of low-lying areas where wetland retreat is possible. 2. Land acquisition and preservation in areas directly adjacent to existing wetlands to allow for wetland retreat as sea level rises. 3. Incorporation of wetland retreat assessments into plans for the development or redevelopment of properties adjacent to existing wetlands. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 123 4. Development of regulatory guidelines to require that wetland retreat adaptation be incorporated into future development plans. 5. Removal of restrictions to tidal flow into upstream marshes to promote the inland migration of coastal wetlands. 6. Removal of pavement and fill in wetland areas, and/or design and implementation of improved stormwater management where feasible to reduce impacts to existing wetlands. Ongoing Analysis of Climate Impacts Continuing research and analysis is needed to manage access to Brewster’s shoreline into the future in a manner consistent with the guiding principles, which may include additional monitoring. Further analysis and monitoring of the migration of sediment along the coast is needed to understand how the offshore flats will respond to a rising sea level and whether or not they will remain above water at low tide. The scientific understanding of wetland retreat and salt marsh migration under increasing sea levels will mature over time and any new information should be incorporated into the Town’s plans for managing wetland retreat. Future data on the rate of sea level rise can also be used to manage and prioritize future adaptation projects. The Town should also consider the potential contributions to climate change of adaptation options when evaluating different approaches. The Management Plan could evaluate the implementation of a coastal overlay district to control future development in areas impacted by climate change and manage the rebuilding of existing development in these areas. Ongoing Adaptive Management The Coastal Resource Management Plan should be developed with the recognition that climate impacts and the associated adaptation techniques will evolve over time. The Plan should incorporate flexible adaptive management techniques to review and amend recommendations for future actions as new information is gathered from projects from within the Town, and from lessons learned from other communities. Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase I Report The Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan Phase I Report is intended to provide vision and policy direction for the future management of Brewster’s coastal resources, while meeting diverse community access needs and adapting to coastal change. The Plan builds on the Brewster Vision Plan (2018) and Coastal Adaptation Strategy establishing a framework for coordinating ongoing and future planning efforts and capital projects. The plan identifies five key management issues and provides core strategies and actions for addressing these management issues. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 124 Increase the resilience of public beaches and landings Provide ongoing monitoring of the coastal system on a regional basis Recommendation 1: Periodically assess coastal resources conditions for comparison with baseline conditions. Strategy 1A: Monitor and assess physical processes to support short-term management decisions and long-term planning. • Every five years (next in 2021) update projections of sea level rise and storm surge and the modeled impacts of these forces on public beaches and landings, infrastructure and coastal resources. • Update tidal benchmarks; track and record highest annual high tide as proxy for effects of sea level rise. • Evaluate the potential benefit, cost and candidate locations for installing one or more tide gauge (s) and a wave buoy to provide localized data on trends in tidal dynamics. • Evaluate the potential benefit, cost and candidate location for installing a wave height buoy. • Evaluate the potential usefulness of establishing a volunteer-based program to monitor changes in beach profiles. Strategy 1B: Use best available tools to understand the potential impact of storm surge on public and private property, sensitive infrastructure and natural resources, and to develop strategies and plans to avoid, minimize or mitigate adverse impacts, including tools made available through the Cape Cod Commission’s Resilient Cape Cod project, MVP program, and the storm tides pathways assessment project being undertaken by the Barnstable County Extension Service and Center for Coastal Studies. Recommendation 2: Assess coastal resources on a regional scale. Strategy 2A: The 2015 Century Scale Sediment Budget should be updated in tandem with the sea level rise (next in 2021) to assess trends in sediment movement within the littoral cell that encompasses Brewster’s shoreline. This effort should be evaluated and potentially undertaken in cooperation with Dennis, Orleans and Eastham. The assessment should include recommendations for monitoring protocols Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 125 and potential management actions necessary to increase resiliency of Brewster’s shoreline and ensure that tidal flats keep pace with sea level rise. Strategy 2B. Participate with the Barnstable County Extension and Center for Coastal Studies in developing a Storm Tide Pathway for Brewster. The Storm Tide Pathways project will encompass the entire Cape Cod Bay shoreline, and may provide a basis for additional coordinated efforts among towns sharing the same littoral cell. Strategy 2C: Consider development of a regional framework for coastal resilience. • Develop a management plan for the Inner Cape Cod Bay Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC), in concert with the other towns sharing the ACEC. Such a plan could encompass studies of sea level rise and sediment budget, regional sediment management, and other ACEC resource issues. • Consider establishing a regional coastal resilience planning group among towns in the same littoral cell (Dennis , Orleans, Eastham) to identify/study issues of shared concern cost effectively. Regional coordination could increase funding opportunities. This could be in concert with the existing Barnstable County Coastal Resources Committee, or the Cape Cod Commission’s Resilient Cape Cod, Cape Cod Bay Work Group. Proactively address flooding of Brewster’s beaches and landings Recommendation 3: Adopt long-term coastal management resiliency strategies. Strategy 3A: Evaluate resilient shoreline management practices (those that mimic natural coastal processes) and identify where on Brewster’s shoreline they might be applied. • Preserve coastal landforms and vegetation that provide buffers to erosion caused by storm surge. Salt marsh and fronting coastal dunes have been shown to be effective in mitigation erosion along Brewster’s Cape Cod Bay shoreline. • Beach and dune nourishment practices for public and private beaches: Mant’s, Paine’s Point of Rocks. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 126 • Dune protection (vegetation, fencing) and reconstruction: Mant’s, Breakwater Beach, Point of Rocks. • Create a living shoreline demonstration project: oyster reef at Mant’s Landing. • Managed retreat similar to the relocation of the Paine’s Creek parking lot: locations to be determined. Strategy 3B: Evaluate changes to the existing groin field, including potential removal/attrition of groins or other structures on the shoreline that impede coastal processes or hasten erosion. Evaluate whether existing groins could impede sediment transport necessary to sustain the tidal flats under different sea level rise scenarios. Strategy 3C: Enhance stormwater management to minimize or eliminate erosion caused by overland run-off. • Implement the stormwater management improvements identified in Brewster’s Integrated Water Resource Management Plan and the work being undertaken on MS4 General Permit compliance. • Prioritize stormwater improvements in any locations where infrastructure could reduce or eliminate erosion caused by run-off. • Provide funding for ongoing maintenance of existing or proposed improvements, possibly through the creation of a stormwater utility. • Design and adopt a stormwater management bylaw to enhance stormwater management on public and private property; and ensure that issues related to coastal erosion, use of green infrastructure and use of best management practices are incorporated. Strategy 3D: Evaluate policy and regulatory changes to promote coastal resiliency. • Evaluate the potential for implementing a flood plain bylaw to, among other things, “restrict or prohibit development and uses on Land Subject to Coastal Storm Flowage (i.e., 100- year coastal floodplain) and its buffer zones in order to minimize potential loss of life, destruction of property, and environmental damage inevitably resulting from inappropriate development on land known to be subject to storms, flooding, erosion, relative sea rise and other coastal zone hazards,” (Cape Cod Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 127 Commission model bylaw). The Cape Cod Commission model bylaw and efforts implemented in other towns should be evaluated to determine policies applicable to Brewster. • Develop permitting guidance for erosion control activities on private properties, and work with the Conservation Commission to apply the guidance in the review of Notices of Intent and issuance of Orders of Condition. Strategy 3E: Ensure consistency with other planning efforts. • Incorporate the potential for coastal resource impacts in the MVP plan. • Complete a FEMA eligible multi-hazard mitigation plan. • Ensure that MVP and multi-hazard planning is informed by the CRMP, and that measures promoted in these plans are considered in future phases of the CRMP. Maintain and manage public access points to increase resilience Recommendation 4: Promote management and maintenance Strategy 4A: Create a coastal resiliency toolkit consisting of best practices for sustainable design, management and maintenance of town-owned landings and beaches. The toolkit should make use of the work being undertaken through the Cape Cod Commission’s Resilient Cape Cod project, and other proven techniques, including: • Managed retreat of parking areas and structures. • Use of articulated mats to provide stability under ramps and parking areas. • Use of beach grass planting, beach nourishment, and dune nourishment/rebuilding/stabilization, among other initiatives. Strategy 4B: Develop a sustainable funding source, possibly through an environmental bond bill offset by short term rental tax revenues, potential increase in deeds tax revenues, town beach sticker revenues or other sources for resilient maintenance and management actions that balance needs for access, public safety, natural resource sustainability, and coastal resiliency; and that meet local and state permitting requirements. These measures include: repair Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 128 stairs/ramps/walkways (including measures needed for improved handicapped accessibility). A proactive, resilient maintenance program may lower long-term costs by reducing the potential need for emergency repairs. Strategy 4C: Conduct technical alternatives assessments for resilient capital projects needed to address erosion pressure and preserve access at highly threatened town-owned access points. Mant’s Landing and Paine’s Creek are currently experiencing significant erosion and should be prioritized for evaluation and possible resilient capital projects. Preserve ecosystem services provided by healthy wetlands Preserve natural sediment transport processes in balance with erosion management Recommendation 1: Evaluate policy and regulatory changes to protect wetland resources Strategy 1A: Work with the Conservation Commission to evaluate the Town’s wetlands protection bylaw and regulations to determine if any changes would provide enhanced protection of coastal wetlands and natural coastal processes. Areas of exploration could include, but not limited to: • Potential to incorporate the sediment budget into the local wetlands bylaw and regulations to regulate protection of upland development differently in eroding areas. • For all new or renewed Orders of Condition for erosion management, require analysis of cumulative system-wide impacts, and require adherence to best practices for shoreline erosion management structures. • Adopt permitting guidelines based on Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant publication Spectrum of Erosion Control Methods. The recent publication of Guidelines for Erosion Management in Pleasant Bay provides a guide. • Require maintenance and nourishment of erosion management structures. • Incorporate monitoring requirements for erosion control measures to provide information to evaluate their functions and impacts. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 129 Strategy 1B: Review the Town’s policy for allowing access through town landings to perform shoreline stabilization work on private property. Ensure that applicants carry adequate insurance coverage in case of damage to resources caused by heavy equipment or fuel spills. Strategy 1C: Work with the Planning Board to revise, update or extend the Flood Plain Overlay District and Wetlands Conservancy bylaws, based on an evaluation of the bylaw’s effectiveness in meeting its original purpose, and based on a survey of similar measures employed in other communities as recommended by the Cape Cod Commission. Recommendation 2: Increase public awareness of the importance of healthy coastal wetlands and natural coastal processes, and the need to protect these resource areas Strategy 2A: Education materials should be aimed at shoreline property owners, among others, to discuss the importance of natural sediment transport processes, and best practices for vegetation management, erosion management, and buffer protection, etc. This effort should be coordinated with the development of permitting guidance. Maintain the elevation of salt marshes and tidal flats Recommendation 3: Promote opportunities for salt marsh migration. Strategy 3A: Use the state of the art wetland modeling to assess patterns of salt marsh retreat in Brewster. Model results could then be used to develop salt marsh management plans to counteract loss of marsh due to subsidence or inundation. Management actions could include: • Channel improvements to restore or enhance hydrology. • Evaluate the potential for a pilot project for thin layer deposition of material on any subsided areas of salt marsh plane, in coordination with MassDEP permitting guidance. • Work with the Town’s Open Space Committee, Community Preservation Committee and the Brewster Conservation Trust to identify key parcels for acquisition/conservation restriction and to develop a funding strategy for acquisition/protection of these properties; and develop a framework for tracking and pursuing parcel opportunities. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 130 • Identify and remove any remaining undersized culverts that may restrict tidal flow and causing degradation of coastal wetlands. An example is the Crosby salt marsh restoration project. Strategy 3B: Develop/update and implement resource management plans to protect large areas of salt marsh. Land Use and Management Plans for Quivett Creek/Paine’s Creek Marsh and Namskaket Marsh should be developed in coordination with Brewster Conservation Trust, MA DCR, and adjacent towns. Preserve peak-season access to public beaches and landings Augment peak seasonal parking demand/capacity at beaches and landings Recommendation 2: Maintain or enhance peak season access to public beaches and landings Strategy 2A: Where existing parking facilities face erosion danger, assess opportunities for managed relocation or retreat (e.g., Paine’s Creek, Breakwater Beach) or other measures such as use of articulated mats to protect existing parking spaces. Protect infrastructure, visual access and sense of place threatened by changing conditions Minimize and mitigate impacts of development in coastal areas; protect vulnerable low roads, groundwater and underground infrastructure. Recommendation 1: Protect vulnerable low-lying infrastructure. Strategy 1A: Elevate low-lying road segments and/or retrofit stormwater management systems to mitigate flooding during storm surge conditions. The following segments were identified in the CAS and being of special concern: • Route 6A at Dennis town line and east of the Cape Cod Museum of Natural History near Paine’s Creek. • Lower Road at Bloomer Path intersection. • Breakwater Road various locations. • Crosby Lane. Strategy 1B: Work with the Board of Health to evaluate whether the required separation to groundwater is sufficient, and whether changes in regulation are needed to prevent groundwater intrusion into wells and onsite wastewater treatment systems. Recommendation 2: Complete the proposed MVP plan and develop a full- scale multi-hazard mitigation plan. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 131 Strategy 2A: FEMA-approved hazard mitigation plan is needed to access some forms of emergency assistance from FEMA. Strategy 2B: As part of the hazard mitigation plan, develop an inventory of underground infrastructure (water mains, underground utilities) that may be threatened by increasing groundwater elevation due to sea level rise. Develop a plan to prioritize improvements to protect infrastructure identified as subject to threat. Recommendation 3: Work with the Planning Board and other stakeholders to evaluate changes to local zoning and regulations to preserve scale, character and resource protection. Strategy 3A: Consider establishing a Coastal Resource District of Critical Planning Concern as a planning process for considering multiple overlapping planning objectives and tools. Strategy 3B: Develop and implement a stormwater management bylaw/low impact development zoning bylaw as part of compliance with the MS4 General Permit. Strategy 3C: Evaluate the potential benefits of establishing a Coastal Conservancy zoning district with enhanced protections for coastal resources and building scale. Strategy 3D: Evaluate zoning restrictions governing the size, height and lot coverage of newly constructed or reconstructed residential dwellings in the coastal resource planning area. Strategy 3E: Evaluate the potential benefit of revisions to the Flood Plain Overlay District and Wetlands Conservancy District bylaws to further limit development in velocity zones. Any proposed changes should be based on a thorough assessment of the effectiveness of the current bylaws, and the approaches and experience of other communities with similar circumstances. 3.3 Administrative and Technical Capabilities Brewster Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) The LEPC’s mission is to bring together town elected and appointed officials, community and industries for enhancing hazardous materials, natural disaster, and terrorism preparedness. This includes providing input into the town Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan. Cape Cod Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) The MRC is made up of locally based, medical and non-medical volunteers who want to donate their time and expertise to promote healthy living throughout the year, and to prepare for and respond to emergencies, often supplementing existing local emergency and public health resources. The mission of the MRC Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 132 is, ‘to engage volunteers to strengthen public health, emergency response, and community resiliency.’ MRC members are identified, screened, trained, and prepared prior to their participation in any activity. Brewster-Orleans-Chatham-Harwich (BOCH) Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) The BOCH CERT Team (a volunteer program) was established in 2019, includes sixteen residents from Brewster and educates and trains citizens to be better prepared to respond to emergency situations in the community. When emergencies happen, CERT members can be deployed at the direction of David Miller of Chatham, a retired fire captain to provide critical support to first responders, provide immediate assistance to victims, and organize spontaneous volunteers at a disaster site. CERT members can also help with non-emergency projects that help improve the safety of the community. Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan25 The Town of Brewster Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) provides a framework for a community-wide emergency management system to ensure a coordinated response to emergencies and coordinated support of certain pre-planned events. The CEMP addresses the roles and responsibilities of all community departments, agencies, government organizations, volunteers and community partners that may be involved in response operations, and identifies how regional, state, private sector, and other resources may be activated to address disasters and emergencies in the community. The CEMP is intended to accomplish the following goals: 1. Assign responsibilities to agencies, organizations and individuals for carrying out specific actions during an emergency or event; 2. Detail the methods and procedures to be used by designated personnel to assess emergencies and take appropriate actions to save lives and reduce injuries, prevent or minimize damage to public and private property, and protect the environment; 3. Provide a process by which emergency response personnel and local government staff can efficiently and effectively prevent, mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from emergencies and disasters; 4. Identify the responsibilities of local agencies and partnering stakeholder and organizations during emergencies or events; and 5. Identify lines of authority and coordination for the management of an emergency or event. 25 Town of Brewster Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (Draft), May 2021. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 133 Emergency Operations Center The Town maintains a primary and alternate (in the event that the primary location is rendered or deemed unusable) Emergency Operations Center (EOC) which serve as the central point for coordination of the community’s emergency management and response activities, maintaining situational awareness about the emergency situation, and facilitating requests for deployment of resources. Primary EOC: Brewster Fire and Rescue Headquarters 1671 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631 Alternate EOC: Brewster Police Department 631 Harwich Road Brewster, MA 02631 Mutual Aid System The Town of Brewster is part of a mutual aid system (the provision of services from one jurisdiction to another) for additional resources from many fronts. Mutual aid agreements currently include: • Statewide Mutual Aid Chapter 40 Section 4J of the Massachusetts General Law • Brewster Fire/Rescue Department: Barnstable County Fire Chief’s Association • Brewster Police Department: Cape and Island Law Enforcement • Brewster Board of Health: Barnstable County Health Department • Brewster Water Department: Intrastate Water/Wastewater Agency Response Network Communications Communications between community agencies occur through the use of several types of communications equipment including radios, cellular and landline phones, email, and text messaging. In addition, the Commonwealth uses WebEOC and the Health and Homeland Alert Network (HHAN) for external notifications and to provide situational awareness. Public communications range from the Emergency Alert System to the community’s website and social media. The Town of Brewster uses the RAVE Messaging alerting system as the primary tool for dissemination of Emergency information. The alerting system is a voluntary system that an individual can sign up for on the Town’s Website. A local communications network is provided by Town of Brewster Local TV Channel 18, and Lower Cape TV that is used to scroll emergency messages. The Town of Brewster uses many of today’s social media outlets through Town of Brewster Website and Facebook Page, Brewster Police Website and Facebook Page, Brewster Fire and Rescue Website and Facebook Page as well to provide immediate information to the public. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 134 Staging Area A staging area is a location where resources needed to support emergency response operations are aggregated and readied for deployment. A staging area, which could be co-located with an ICP, should be located close enough to the incident to allow a timely deployment of assets to the area of the incident, but far enough away to be out of the immediate impact zone. There may be more than one staging area supporting an incident. The designated staging areas for the Town of Brewster are the Eddy Elementary School at 2298 Main Street, the Town Hall at 2198 Main Street, and Brewster Fire and Rescue Headquarters 1671 Main Street. Points of Distribution Points of Distribution (PODs) are centralized locations where the public can obtain critical commodities following a disaster or emergency. PODs can accommodate vehicle traffic (drive-through), pedestrian traffic (walk-through) and/or mass transit traffic (bus or rail). Typical critical commodities provided to impacted populations through PODs can include but are not limited to, shelf- stable food, bottled water, ice, tarps and/or blankets. The Points of Distribution (PODs) for the Town of Brewster would be Town Hall at 2198 Main Street and Brewster Council on Aging at 1673 Main Street, and the Our Lady of the Cape at 468 Stony Brook Rd. Evacuation Routes The Town Manager or designee has the authority to issue evacuation orders or recommendations. The Governor also has the authority to make evacuation recommendations, and issue evacuation orders under a Gubernatorial Declaration of Emergency. In the event that an evacuation is recommended or mandated, the population designated for evacuation will leave the affected area using their own private vehicles or be transported from Evacuation Assembly Points with transportation assets coordinated/obtained by Brewster. Depending upon the hazard and other circumstances, shelters for evacuees may be located within or outside of the Community. Evacuees are expected to follow the direction and guidance of trained emergency workers, traffic coordinators, and other assigned emergency officials. Evacuation routes should be pre-identified by the Town Manager or designee in coordination with other community officials. Evacuation routes for this community are State Highway Route 6 west to the Sagamore or Bourne Bridge and State Route 6A (Main Street) west to the Sagamore or Bourne Bridge. Evacuation Assembly Points Evacuation Assembly Points are the location (s) within the community that serve as assembly points for evacuees who do not have their own transportation. Brewster would not utilize traditional evacuation assembly points, rather, Brewster first responders, Town employees, Brewster/Orleans/Chatham/Harwich Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 135 (BOCH) CERT team members would pick up individuals who are without transportation at their residences. Evacuation Transportation Hub In situations when residents may need to be evacuated outside of the community, Brewster will activate one or more Evacuation Transportation Hubs (T-Hubs) where large numbers of evacuees transported from EAPs throughout the community assemble and wait for transportation to either a state-operated Regional Transportation Center (RRC) or a designated shelter outside of a community. T-Hubs are locally-operated, have adequate indoor facilities to stage evacuees, and adequate outdoor areas for vehicle staging and evacuee embarkation. The Commonwealth is responsible for providing buses or other vehicles to transport evacuees from local T-Hubs to RRCs or shelters. The Evacuation Transportation Hubs (T-Hubs) for the Town of Brewster would be Town Hall at 2198 Main Street, Council-on-Aging 1673 Main Street, and the Eddy School 2298 Main Street. Municipal Website The Town’s Fire Department maintains a municipal webpage hosted on the Town’s website that includes a variety of local, state and regional emergency program information for residents, business owners and tourists, including: ▪ Alarm Age Facts (http://brewsterfire.com/safety-facts/alarm-age-fact- sheet) ▪ Can We Find You? ( http://brewsterfire.com/safety-facts/can-we-find-you) ▪ Carbon Monoxide Risks at Home (http://brewsterfire.com/safety- facts/carbon-monoxide-risks-at-home) ▪ Open Burning Safety Tips (http://brewsterfire.com/safety-facts/open- burning-safety-tips) ▪ Open Burning Rules and Regulations (http://brewsterfire.com/fire- prevention/open-burning-rules-and-regulations) ▪ Outside Fires (http://brewsterfire.com/fire-prevention/outside-fires) ▪ Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Inspections (http://brewsterfire.com/fire- prevention/smoke-detector-and-carbon-monoxide-detector-inspections) ▪ Smoke Detector Fact Sheet (http://brewsterfire.com/safety-facts/smoke- detector-fact-sheet) ▪ Christmas Tree Fires (http://brewsterfire.com/safety-facts/christmas-tree- fires) ▪ Halloween Fire Safety (http://brewsterfire.com/safety-facts/halloween-fire- safety) ▪ Fire and Safety Checklist (http://records.brewster- ma.gov/weblink/0/doc/75261/Page1.aspx) ▪ Opening Burning Regulations(http://records.brewster- ma.gov/weblink/0/doc/75259/Page1.aspx) ▪ Ready.gov information for Massachusetts (https://www.mass.gov/) ▪ Cold Weather Precautions (https://brewster-ma.gov/376-news-a- announcements/1794-brewster-office-of-emergency-management-cold- weather-precautions) Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 136 The Town’s Health Department maintains a municipal webpage hosted on the Town’s website that includes a variety of local, state and regional health related information for residents, business owners and tourists, including: ▪ Cape Cod Medical Reserve Corps (https://www.ccmedicalreservecorps.org/) ▪ Household Hazardous Waste Collection (https://www.brewster- ma.gov/files/2020hhw.pdf) ▪ Barnstable County Community Septic Management Loan Program (https://www.barnstablecountysepticloan.org/) ▪ CDC Vital Signs (https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/) ▪ Coronavirus Information at Barnstable Health Dept. (https://www.barnstablecountyhealth.org/) The Brewster Health Department conducts quarterly call down drills annually as required by the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan. The Health Department (in collaboration with the LEPC) also conducts annual tabletop exercises, which in 2021 involved the Barnstable County Health Agents Coalition (HAC) and Mass Maritime Academy with a ‘mass vaccination during a pandemic’ theme. MOUs/MOAs for Brewster with adjacent communities and regional agencies include: • Barnstable County Health Agents Coalition • Public Health Services Intermunicipal Agreement (May 2006) • Statewide MA Mutual Aid Program (April 2011) • Annual Hazardous Waste Collection Events with Cape Cod Cooperative Extension The Town’s Water Dept. participates in the Massachusetts Intrastate Water/Wastewater Agency Response Network (WARN) which supports and promotes statewide emergency planning, preparedness, disaster response, and mutual assistance among water and wastewater utilities during emergencies. Brewster Municipal Vulnerability Preparedness (MVP) Working Group Under Executive Order 569, as the Commonwealth advances an integrated climate change strategy, Brewster (and many other Massachusetts cities and towns) is working at the local and regional level on resiliency planning and climate preparedness efforts. In 2019, through a grant from the Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs (EOEEA), Brewster completed a Town-wide vulnerability assessment and developed an action- oriented resiliency plan following a Community Resilience Building Workshop in March 2019. The Town became an MVP-Designated community in 2019. The Workshop’s central objectives included: • Define top local natural and climate-related hazards of concern • Identify existing and future strengths and vulnerabilities Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 137 • Develop prioritized actions for the community • Identify immediate opportunities to collaboratively advance actions to increase resilience The MVP Workshop ended with consensus on the following top eight action items the Town should pursue towards increased resiliency: 1. Review and update Town bylaws and regulations to mitigate projected climate change impacts. 2. Develop and initiate projects to increase resilience to projected climate change impacts (e.g., intense rain, storm surge, sea level rise) for critical infrastructure including but not limited to: A. Route 6A from the intersection with Paines Creek Road west across causeway dividing the marsh B. Stormwater drainage throughout Town C. Potentially vulnerable utility infrastructure 3. Identify and initiate projects to provide backup power at the Town Hall, Water Department and drinking water wells to provide critical infrastructure resilience to power outages. 4. Conduct a stormwater infrastructure inventory and assessment to prioritize and initiate improvements (e.g., increased catch basin maintenance, culvert replacement) based on projected climate change impacts. 5. Develop a Preparedness Campaign for the general public (i.e., residents and seasonal guests) and the private sector that includes guidance and checklists, as well as recommendations to increase community resilience to the impacts of climate change (e.g., extreme weather, health impacts). 6. Develop a Local Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan that includes considerations for projected climate change impacts. 7. Review and update the Brewster Community Emergency Management Plan to include considerations for projected climate change impacts. 8. Conduct a vulnerability assessment, develop plans and initiate improvements at critical public beach access points in the community (e.g., town landings) to increase resilience to projected climate change impacts. Coordination with Neighboring Municipalities The Town of Brewster coordinates with the Towns of Dennis, Orleans, Harwich and Chatham periodically across municipal issues. The Town will continue to coordinate with these adjacent communities on natural hazard mitigation planning, specifically any shared resource plans and evacuation plans. Municipal Administration and Staff The Brewster Select Board, Planning Board, Local Hazard Mitigation Committee, municipal officials and staff all work well together to develop, implement and update policies and plans to promote the safety of its residents and minimize risk to the community. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 138 Information Technology (IT) Department In emergency situations the Town’s IT Department is responsible for ensuring all Town IT and communication elements such as phones, internet, websites, and social media accounts are properly functioning and available. In the event that local resources are exhausted assistance may be requested from mutual aid partners or MEMA. The IT department is responsible for assisting with EOC operations. During a large-scale incident they may be asked to perform additional activities depending on the incident. If the Emergency Management Director activates the EOC the IT Department will place a representative in the EOC to help coordinate activities. Cape Cod Atlas of Tidally Restricted Salt Marshes As part of this study, a number of salt marsh system sites were identified as either culverts not properly sized to accommodate natural tidal flow, or sites where such infrastructure is broken, collapsed, or otherwise unable to function properly. As such, the Town pursued funding for infrastructure resizing and/or repair/replacement to eliminate the potential for causing flooding, including: Site DE-2/BR-1: Dennis/Brewster - Sea Street Restriction of Quivett Creek (Town Owned): Sea Street is located just west of Quivett Creek on the Dennis/Brewster town line. Two culverts were located under Sea Street and connected the Creek to Quivett Marsh. After a significant study by a team including the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), the Massachusetts Wetlands Restoration Program, and local officials from Dennis and Brewster, this site was targeted for remediation, with the installation of an 8-foot culvert. This was completed in 2006. Site BR-4: Brewster - Paines Creek Road Restriction of Channel into Freeman's Pond (remediation started, Town Owned): Located at the mouth of Stony Brook on Cape Cod Bay, a tidal creek flows through a 2-foot metal pipe into Freeman's Pond. Natural stream conditions and free flow are not evident. Freeman's Pond is Brewster's only salt pond. Conditions are severely degraded and the system is gradually converting to a freshwater ecosystem. This channel supports an anadromous fish run (Brown Trout) and the Town would like to restore the natural saltwater ecosystems. Design and permitting of a replacement culvert is underway with assistance of grants through NRCS and NOAA, with installation of a larger culvert expected in fall of 2011. The culvert was replaced in 2013. Site BR-5: Brewster - Route 6A Restriction of Stony Brook (See BR-6, Town Owned): Stony Brook crosses under Route 6A just east of the Cape Cod Museum of Natural History and west of the intersection of Lower Road with Route 6A. There is significant scouring and bank erosion. In addition there is a large sandbar in the upstream channel. Stony Brook is an active and successful anadromous fish pathway for both Alewives and Brown Trout. This is one of two historic culverts under Route 6A; the second culvert (BR-6) was replaced in late 2010. This culvert was evaluated, but modeling shows the best result is from Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 139 leaving this culvert in its current condition and focusing on increased flow at BR- 6. Site BR-6: Brewster - Route 6A Restriction of a Channel off of Stony Brook (Town Owned): Immediately west of the intersection of Lower Road and Route 6A, Stony Brook crosses under Route 6A. This was a major restoration effort completed in the fall of 2010, replacing the approximately three-foot culvert with an 18-foot wide box culvert. This restored over 20 acres of salt marsh and improved fish passage for alewife and herring in Stony Brook. The grant was received through NOAA. Site BR-7/OR-1: Brewster - Cape Cod Rail Trail Restriction of Namskaket Creek (Town Owned): The Cape Cod Rail Trail crosses Namskaket Creek at the Brewster-Orleans Town line, causing a major tidal restriction. The undersized pipe and degradation of the site had effectively cut off tidal flow from the upstream marsh area. The culvert was replaced in 2008 and additional work is ongoing. Joint Project for Culvert Replacement to Freeman’s Pond: The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), DEM, Orleans and Brewster local officials, the state Wetlands Restoration Program, and MA Coastal Zone Management completed replacement of this culvert in late 2011. Routine maintenance remains ongoing. Cyber Incident Response Plan for the Town of Brewster, February 22, 202126 This Plan outlines the procedures that the Town of Brewster uses to detect and respond to unauthorized access or disclosure of private information from systems utilized, housed, maintained or serviced by Brewster. More specifically, this plan defines the roles and responsibilities of various staff with respect to the preparation, detection and analysis, containment, eradication and discovery and any post-incident activity. 3.4 Financial Capabilities Federal/State Grant Opportunities The Town, across all municipal departments, considers and pursues all applicable federal, state and local grant opportunities to assist in implementing hazard mitigation programs, such as FEMA, Housing and Urban Development (HUD CDBG Program, United States Department of Agriculture – Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), U.S. Economic Development Administration (EDA), Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources Green Communities Division (GCD), and the Massachusetts EOEEA MVP Program. 26 Cyber Incident Response Plan for the Town of Brewster. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 140 FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) Program (HMGP, BRIC, and FMA) – the Town of Brewster has received approximately $215,067.40 in grant assistance from FEMA for various projects (see Section 2.5 for additional details). USDA NRCS – provides Conservation Technical Assistance, Financial Assistance, and Conservation Innovation Grant programs. HUD CDBG Program – a flexible program that provides communities with resources to address a wide range of unique community development needs, particularly the Disaster Recovery Assistance Program which provides grants to help cities, counties, and States recover from Presidentially-declared disasters, especially in low-income areas, subject to availability of supplemental appropriations. MA Department of Energy Resources GCD – offer grants to designated ‘Green Communities’ to implement energy conservation measures that help them cut energy use and costs. The Green Communities program helps municipalities take action to protect the environment and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The Town of Brewster received the ‘Green Community’ designation in March 2020 and was awarded $150,270 towards implementing projects. MA EOEEA MVP – provides assistance to communities working at the local and regional level on resiliency planning and climate preparedness efforts. The Town became an MVP-Designated community in 2019. 3.5 National Flood Insurance Program Brewster implements and enforces the state building code and fully participates in the NFIP. Brewster understands that participation in the NFIP is an essential step in mitigation flood damage and is working to consistently enforce NFIP compliant policies in order to continue its participation in this program. Table 3-1 Actions for Continued Compliance with NFIP below lists those actions that the Town has done and will continue to do and those actions that will be done within the next five years for continued compliance with the NFIP. Table 3-1 Actions for Continued Compliance with NFIP Actions (Listed in order of priority) Done/Ongoing To be Done Join the NFIP. X Participate in NFIP training by State and/or FEMA. X Establish mutual aid agreements with neighboring communities to address administering the NFIP following a major storm event. X Address NFIP monitoring and compliance activities. X Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 141 Revise/adopt subdivision regulations and erosion control regulations to improve floodplain management in the community. X Participate in the CRS. X Prepare, distribute, or make available NFIP, insurance and building code explanatory pamphlets or booklets. X Identify and become knowledgeable on non- compliant structures in the community. X Identify and become knowledgeable of submit to rate structures. X Identify cause of submit to rate structure and analyze how to prevent non-compliant structures in the future. X Inspect foundations at time of completion before framing to determine if lowest floor is at or above BFE. X Require use of elevation certificates. X Report any changes in the Special Flood hazard Area to FEMA within 180 days of change. X Identify and keep track of LOMA/LOMR in the community. X Gain familiarity with community's Flood Insurance Rate Maps. X Address repetitive loss structures. X Source: Brewster LHMW. 3.6 Community Rating System NFIP’s CRS Program is a voluntary program that recognizes and encourages a community's efforts that exceed the NFIP minimum requirements for floodplain management. The CRS program emphasizes three goals: • the reduction of flood losses • facilitating accurate insurance rating • promoting the awareness of flood insurance By participating in the CRS Program, communities can earn a 5-45% discount for flood insurance premiums based upon the activities that reduce the risk of flooding within the community. The Town of Brewster does participate in the NFIP’s CRS Program. The class rating is 9 which provides a 5% discount to flood insurance policy holders. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 142 3.7 Existing Protection Matrix A summary of the main identified existing and future protection measures presented above are summarized on Table 3-2. These measures constitute the baseline protection that was further evaluated by the Brewster LHMW to determine gaps in Brewster’s protection from natural disasters. Goal statements and specific actions were then developed to mitigate the identified gaps in the existing protection. These identified protection measures facilitate the Town of Brewster to implement various hazard mitigation programs, ultimately making the community more resilient. Table 3-2 Existing Protection Matrix Brewster, MA Existing Protection Description Area Covered Effectiveness and/or Enforcement Improvements or Changes Needed Includes building blocks to facilitate the community's preferences for how it intends to evolve socially, physically, and economically by guiding town decisions and serving as a framework for future plans. Town-wide Effectiveness: Very Good Enforcement: Planning Dept./Planning Board Continue to Utilize Includes 12 pathways in Brewster that are 12 inches above the Sesuit Harbor tide gauge that represent new areas of flooding (up to 49 acres) town staff may want to consider for future planning. Town-wide Effectiveness: Very Good Enforcement: Natural Resources Dept./Planning Dept. Begin to Utilize Includes goals and objectives relative to the Town's natural resources, particularly impacts from climate change to strengthen resilience and adaptability. Town-wide Effectiveness: Very Good Enforcement: Parks & Rec./Conservation Comm. Continue to Utilize Includes a series of regulatory and non-regulatory recommendations to address water supply and stormwater, Town-wide Effectiveness: Very Good Enforcement: Planning Dept./Planning Board Continue to Utilize Includes land use control measures to reduce flood losses. Special Flood Hazard Areas Effectiveness: Good Enforcement: Planning Dept./Planning Board Continue to Utilize Includes requirements to regulate development, access, minimize loss/costs/damages in areas subject to coastal storm flowage (VE Zones) to minimize threats to public safety, potential loss of life, personal injury, destruction of property, and environmental damage. Floodplain District Effectiveness: Very Good Enforcement: Planning Dept./Planning Board Continue to Utilize Includes requirements that address drainage and protection of natural resources that also address hazard mitigation. Town-wide Effectiveness: Very Good Enforcement: Planning Dept./Planning Board Continue to Monitor Planning and Regulatory Open Space and Recreation Plan 2021 Subdivision Rules and Regulations Town of Brewster Vision Plan 2018 Integrated Water Resources management Plan 2013 Flooding, Chapter 100 Brewster Zoning Code Floodplain District Mapping Storm Tide Pathways in Cape Cod Bay, MA 2021 Table 3-2 Existing Protection Matrix Brewster, MA Existing Protection Description Area Covered Effectiveness and/or Enforcement Improvements or Changes Needed Includes requirements to protect and preserve the shores, rivers, ponds, wetlands, and other water bodies and related resources by controlling activities that can have significant impacts on wetlands functions and values. Town-wide Effectiveness: Very Good Enforcement: Conservation Commission Continue to Utilize Includes requirements to: preserve and maintain the groundwater table for water supply; to protect the purity of coastal and inland waters for the propagation of fish, shellfish, and for recreational purposes; to protect public health and safety; to protect persons and property from flood hazards along water bodies; and to preserve the natural character of the environment, wildlife, and open space. Town-wide Effectiveness: Very Good Enforcement: Conservation Commission Continue to Utilize The Massachusetts State Building Code contains many detailed regulations regarding wind loads, earthquake resistant design, flood-proofing and snow loads. Town-wide Effectiveness: Most effective for new construction Enforcement: Planning Board/Building Official Continue to Utilize Includes basic information on coastal storms, flooding, and other hazards with recommendations for emergency supplies, evacuation kits/planning/procedures, and other important emergency information. Coastal Areas Effectiveness: Good Enforcement: Building Official Continue to Utilize Provides a framework for future decision-making about Brewster's public coastal areas to assist the Town in meeting future needs and adapting to coastal changes, sea level rise, storm surge and shoreline erosion. Town-wide Effectiveness: Very Good Enforcement: Planning and Dept./Planning Board Continue to Utilize Wetlands Protection, Chapter 172 Wetlands Conservancy District Massachusetts State Building Code Town of Brewster Coastal Adaptation Strategy 2016 Planning and Regulatory Massachusetts Homeowners Handbook to Prepare for Coastal Hazards Table 3-2 Existing Protection Matrix Brewster, MA Existing Protection Description Area Covered Effectiveness and/or Enforcement Improvements or Changes Needed Includes vision and policy direction for the future management of Brewster's coastal resources and adapting to coastal changes Coastal Areas Effectiveness: Very Good Enforcement: Planning and Dept./Planning Board Continue to Utilize Brings together elected and appointed officials, community members, and industries for enhancing hazardous materials, natural disaster and terrorism preparedness. Town-wide Effectiveness: Good Enforcement: Emergency Management Director Continue to Utilize Strengthens communities by establishing a system for medical and public health volunteers to offer assistance and expertise to existing providers. Town-wide Effectiveness: Good Enforcement: Board of Health Continue to Utilize Provides a framework for a community-wide emergency management system to ensure a coordinated response to emergencies and coordinated support of certain pre- planned events. Town-wide Effectiveness: Very Good Enforcement: Emergency Management Director Continue to Utilize A municipal webpage hosted on the Town’s website that includes a variety of local, state and regional emergency program information for residents, business owners and tourists. Town-wide Effectiveness: Very Good Enforcement: IT/Various other Depts. Continue to Utilize The Town has become an MVP-Certified community, and as such is eligible to seek implementation grants through the Commonwealth for any hazard mitigation actions identified as a result of the MVP process. A forum for resiliency planning and climate preparedness efforts. Town-wide Effectiveness: Good Enforcement: Planning Dept. Continue to Utilize Brewster Local Emergency Planning Committee Brewster MVP Working Group Planning and Regulatory Administrative and Technical Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Municipal Website Cape Cod Medical Reserve Corps Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report Table 3-2 Existing Protection Matrix Brewster, MA Existing Protection Description Area Covered Effectiveness and/or Enforcement Improvements or Changes Needed Municipal officials, staff, Boards and Commissions all work together to develop, implement and update policies and plans to promote the safety of residents and minimize risk to the community. Town-wide Effectiveness: Very Good Enforcement: Town Manager, Board of Selectmen, Municipal Department Chairs Maintain Coordination to identify applicable efficiencies (resource- sharing and Mutual Aid agreements). Regional context Effectiveness: Very Good Enforcement: Emergency Management Director/DPW Maintain Includes infrastructure needs to accommodate natural tidal flows/functionality. Dennis/Brewster: Sea St. Restriction of Quivett Creek/Paine's Creek Road Restriction of Channel into Freeman's Pond/Route 6A Restriction of Stony Brook/Route 6A Restriction of a Channel off Stony Brook/ Cape Cod Rail Trail Restriction of Namskaket Creek Effectiveness: Very Good Enforcement: Planning/Natural Resources Depts./Conservation Commission Maintain Outlines procedures to detect and respond to unauthorized access or disclosure of private information from systems utilized, housed, maintained or serviced by the Town of Brewster. Town-wide Effectiveness: Very Good Enforcement: Town Administrator Continue to utilize Municipal Administration and Staff Cape Cod Atlas of Tidally Restricted Salt Marshes Administrative and Technical Coordination with Neighboring Municipalities Cyber Incident Response Plan for the Town of Brewster Table 3-2 Existing Protection Matrix Brewster, MA Existing Protection Description Area Covered Effectiveness and/or Enforcement Improvements or Changes Needed FEMA HMA Program https://www.fema.gov/grants/mitigation Town-wide Continue to utilize HUD CDBG Disaster Recovery Assistance: https://www.hud.gov/hudprograms/disaster-recovery Low-income areas.Continue to utilize USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Conservation Technical Assistance: http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/p rograms/technical/cta Financial Assistance: http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/p rograms/financial/ Conservation Innovation Grant Programs: Town-wide Continue to utilize MA MVP Program https://www.mass.gov/municipal-vulnerability- preparedness-mvp-program Statewide Continue to utilize MA Coastal Resilience Grant Program https://www.mass.gov/service-details/coastal-resilience- grant-program Statewide Continue to utilize MA Water Quality Grants https://www.mass.gov/info-details/water-resources-grants- financial-assistance Statewide Continue to utilize GrantWatch https://www.grantwatch.com/ Statewide Continue to utilize US EDA https://www.eda.gov/funding-opportunities/ Statewide Continue to utilize MA Department of Energy GCD https://www.mass.gov/orgs/green-communities-division Statewide Continue to utilize Federal/State Grant Opportunities Financial Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 148 Section 4 Mitigation Strategy 4.1 Introduction Removing and precluding development from hazardous areas is the best method of mitigation. However, this cannot be the sole focus of hazard mitigation in Brewster. The Town’s character and functionality require a level of intimacy with the areas of greatest risk: flood-related, winter-related and wind-related hazard events. 4.2 Mitigation Activities In completing the risk and vulnerability analyses, the LHMW considered projects and actions that would reduce Brewster’s vulnerability to the identified hazards. The 2021 Risk Assessment Matrix (Table 2-1) is the basis for the mitigation actions presented in Section 4.3. 4.3 Mitigation Action Plan The LHMW considered the goals of this plan and re-prioritized the matrix and the associated actions based on historical damage, safety of the population, property protection and consistency with town-wide goals and objectives. Although not based on similar methodologies for prioritization, the new ‘Priority Score’ for each mitigation action (2021 Plan), is followed by the 2016 draft Plan prioritization (High, Medium/Moderate, Low Priority) where applicable, to reflect any changes in the prioritization of actions for this 2021 Plan by the LHMW. Issues and objectives were aligned to public health risks, evacuation and mass care considerations, disruption of essential services and potential economic losses to the town. The LHMW determined that the identified objectives could be met by considering actions aligned to the following Mitigation Categories: • Public Education and Awareness • Property Protection • Natural Resource Protection • Structural Projects • Emergency Services • Planning and Prevention The LHMW has worked to set goals and objectives that are bounded by a time frame and are compatible and consistent with state hazard mitigation goals. Upon submittal of this plan to MEMA, the State Hazard Mitigation Committee (SHMC) is expected to review and approve these goals and objectives to ensure consistency with the statewide goals and objectives. The time frames used for this strategy are as follows: Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 149 • Short Term = 0 to 6 Months • Medium Term = 6 to 18 Months • Long Term = 18 Months to 5 Years The following actions use the Risk Assessment Matrix (Table 2-1) to identify areas at risk, offer mitigation strategies and consider benefits. Each action offers a discussion of the project and if applicable, includes the options considered. Multiple actions associated with a vulnerable area reflect town priorities and are simply prioritized high, medium or low. If known, the actions include cost estimates and assign responsible parties to lead the efforts to complete the action. The cost ranges used for this strategy are as follows: • Staff Time – municipal personnel time • Minimal – less than $5,000 • Moderate – more than $5,000, but less than $25,000 • Significant – over $25,000 Other relevant departments/agencies that can offer support to the project are also listed. Finally, possible finance options are offered. Once the 2021 plan receives FEMA’s ‘Approved Pending Adoption’, the mitigation strategy will be put into motion. Evaluation/Selection of Mitigation Actions After reviewing the Town’s identified risks and vulnerabilities to natural hazards, the input/feedback from the public workshop and recommendations from the Town, and the local Capability Assessment, the LHMW selected mitigation actions to incorporate into the 2021 plan. Prioritization of Actions Due to budgetary constraints and other limitations, it is often impossible to implement all mitigation actions. The LHMW needed to select the most cost- effective actions for implementation first to use resources efficiently and develop a realistic approach toward mitigation risks. The DMA 2000 supports this principle of cost-effectiveness by requiring action plans to follow a prioritization process that emphasizes benefits over costs. DMA 2000 states: “The mitigation strategy section shall include an action plan describing how the actions identified in section (c)(3)(ii) will be prioritized, implemented, and administered by the local jurisdiction. Prioritization shall include a special emphasis on the extent to which benefits are maximized according to a cost benefit review of the proposed projects and their associated costs.” Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 150 Part 1: Review Benefits and Costs As part of the planning process, the LHMW utilized Review Tools 1, 2, and 3 associated with each action identified. Part 2 Prioritize Actions – Qualitative Method, Relative Score The LHMW utilized Method B: Prioritization using the Social, Technical, Administrative, political, Legal, Economic and Environmental (STAPLEE) criterion Relative Scores, suggested in FEMA’s Hazard Mitigation Planning How- to-Guide Series (Table 4-1). Table 4-1 STAPLEE Review and Selection Criteria Category Criteria Social Is the proposed action socially acceptable to the community? Are there equity issues involved that would mean that one segment of the community is treated unfairly? Will the action cause social disruption? Technical Will the proposed action work? Will it create more problems than it solves? Does it solve a problem or only a symptom? Is it the most useful action considering other community goals? Administrative Can the community implement the action? Is there someone to coordinate and lead the effort? Is there enough funding, staff, and technical support available? Are there ongoing administrative requirements that need to be met? Political Is the action politically acceptable? Is there public support both to implement and to maintain the project? Legal Is the community authorized to implement the proposed action? Is there a clear legal basis or precedent for this activity? Are there legal side effects? Could the activity be construed as a taking? Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 151 Is the proposed action allowed by a comprehensive plan, or must a comprehensive plan be amended to allow the proposed action? Will the community be liable for action or lack of action? Will the activity be challenged? Environmental How will the action affect the environment? Will the action need environmental regulatory approvals? Will it meet local and state regulatory requirements? Are endangered or threatened species likely to be affected? Economic What are the costs and benefits of this action? Do the benefits exceed the costs? Are initial, maintenance, and administrative costs considered? Has funding been secured for the proposed action? If not, what are the potential funding sources (public, non-profit, and private)? How will this action affect the fiscal capability of the community? What burden will this action place on the tax base of the local economy? What are the budget and revenue effects of this activity? Does the action contribute to other community goals, such as capital improvements or economic development? What benefits will the action provide? Part 3 Documentation of the Process Each of the mitigation actions were scored against each of the STAPLEE criteria outlined above with a numerical score. These numbers were then totaled and developed into an overall priority score. The ranking of the Priority Score is a guideline for when the Town should begin acting on the identified strategies, or actions (Table 4-2). The STAPLEE Method includes a cost-benefit review as part of the Mitigation Actions prioritization process. A more detailed cost-benefit analysis will be done, at the time of application, for those proposed Mitigation Actions that the Town applies for funding under the BRIC and Hazard Mitigation Grant Programs. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 152 Table 4-2 STAPLEE Analysis 2021 Action Number Title Cost/ Benefit Social Technical Administrative Political Legal Economic Environmental Total Prioritization PUBLIC EDUCATION AND AWARENESS 2021 - 1 Adapt to climate change projections and advance adaptation and resiliency techniques that are financially and environmentally sustainable (adopt Coastal Resilience Bylaw). Cost 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 7 20 Benefit 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 13 2021 - 2 Implement Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report/Storm Tide Pathways Study (A) Increase public awareness of the importance of healthy coastal wetlands and natural coastal processes, and the need to protect these resources (B) Use best available tools to understand the potential impact of storm surge on public and private property, sensitive infrastructure and natural resources and to develop strategies and plans to avoid, minimize or mitigate adverse impacts. Cost 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 12 26 Benefit 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 14 2021 - 3 Increase the public's awareness of hazard vulnerabilities (A) Develop a preparedness campaign for the general public and the private sector that includes guidance and checklists, as well as recommendations to increase community Cost 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 12 26 Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 153 resilience to the impacts of climate change (B) Annually host a public hazards display for the residents of Brewster in combination with the 'Brewster in Bloom' festival or other appropriate event (C) Distribute tourist evacuation and shelter information. Benefit 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 14 NATURAL RESOURCE PROTECTION 2021 - 4 Implement Brewster Open Space and Recreation Plan: protect the Town's drinking water supply to meet the needs of residents and visitors today and in the future. Cost 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 12 26 Benefit 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 14 2021 - 5 Update Zoning Bylaws and Subdivision Rules/Regulations to protect public supply wells. Cost 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 12 26 Benefit 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 14 2021 - 6 Implement the Brewster Coastal Adaptation Strategy (A) Identify and acquire new access points to the shoreline (B) Periodically evaluate the beach management process to evaluate how well it is working and to incorporate lessons learned over time (C) Identify opportunities to promote and support wetland retreat to preserve coastal wetlands, including salt marshes to the extent feasible (D) Continuing research and analysis is needed to manage access to Brewster's shoreline into the future which may include additional monitoring. Cost 2 1 -1 2 2 2 1 9 22 Benefit 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 13 Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 154 2021 - 7 Implement Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan (A) Periodically assess coastal resources conditions for comparison with baseline conditions. Monitor and assess physical processes to support short-term management decisions and long-term planning (B) Periodically assess coastal resources on a regional scale (C) Adopt long-term coastal management resilient strategies (D) Promote management and maintenance of public access points to increase resilience (E) Preserve natural sediment transport processes in balance with erosion. Evaluate policy and regulatory changes to protect wetland resources (F) Maintain the elevation of salt marshes and tidal flats by promoting opportunities for salt marsh migration. Cost 2 1 -1 2 1 1 2 8 22 Benefit 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 14 STRUCTURAL PROJECTS 2021 - 8 Implement the Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plans (A) Minimize and mitigate impacts of development on coastal areas: protect vulnerable low roads, groundwater and underground infrastructure Cost 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 11 25 Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 155 (B) Develop and initiate projects to increase resilience to projected climate change impacts for critical infrastructure (C) Conduct a stormwater infrastructure inventory and assessment to prioritize and initiate improvements based on projected climate change impacts. Benefit 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 14 2021 - 9 Complete remediation work necessary on two large marsh systems: Site BR-2 Brewster Cranberry Bog Berm Restriction of channel off Quivett Creek; and Site BR-3 Brewster Cranberry Bog Berm Restriction of Channel off Quivett Creek. Cost 2 2 1 0 -1 2 2 8 18 Benefit 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 10 EMERGENCY SERVICES 2021 - 10 Maintain access for emergency vehicles and maintenance. Cost 2 2 2 1 2 1 0 10 22 Benefit 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 12 2021 - 11 Conduct a Needs Assessment of privately- owned facilities that have regional importance (medical/daycare centers). Cost 2 2 2 1 0 2 0 9 21 Benefit 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 12 2021 - 12 Incorporate the inspection and management of hazardous trees/limbs into the Town's routine monitoring process. Cost 2 2 2 1 2 2 0 11 23 Benefit 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 12 2021 - 13 Mitigate impacts of blowing/drifting snow. Cost 2 2 2 1 0 2 1 10 22 Benefit 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 12 2021 - 14 Develop a program to train emergency responders and residents in Cost 2 2 2 0 0 -1 0 7 17 Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 156 management of domestic animals, horse, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, birds, as well as wild animals, during emergencies such as floods, fires, winds, etc. Benefit 2 2 2 1 2 1 0 10 2021 - 15 Coordinate with Nickerson State Park, Towns of Orleans, Harwich and Dennis on fuel reduction programs and response. Cost 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 9 21 Benefit 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 12 2021 - 16 Strengthen/enhance the Brewster Health Department's capacity and capabilities (A) Conduct a full-scale exercise to test Brewster's Medical Emergency Distribution System (MEDS) (B) Create a public health nurse position within the Health Dept. © Create a public health communications coordinator position within the Health Department. Cost 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 6 18 Benefit 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 12 PLANNING AND PREVENTION 2021 - 17 Provide a variety of recreation and open space opportunities to promote healthy and active lifestyles for Brewster's residents, ensuring equitable access for all users and abilities. Cost 2 2 -1 2 2 1 20 8 21 Benefit 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 13 2021 - 18 Minimize and mitigate impacts of development in coastal areas: Work with the Planning Board and other stakeholders to evaluate changes to local zoning and regulations to preserve scale, character, and resource protection. Cost 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 9 21 Benefit 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 12 2021 - 19 Cost 1 1 -1 0 2 1 2 6 16 Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 157 Review of ditch systems and old bogs for preventative maintenance to increase flood capacity. Benefit 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 10 PUBLIC EDUCATION AND AWARENESS Action #1 …Town of Brewster Vision Plan 2018 Adapt to climate change projections and advance adaptation and resiliency techniques that are financially and environmentally sustainable. - Identify techniques such as living shorelines, nourishment from dredged material, and land acquisition for retreat locations to adapt to coastal changes. - Provide outreach and education (signs, field trips, publications) to build awareness of citizens and decision makers about the nature of coastal changes. • Action Type: Planning, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 20 • Lead: Conservation Commission/Natural Resources Dept. • Supporting: Natural Resources Commission • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Protection of property, life and infrastructure/Increased awareness of vulnerabilities • Vulnerable Area: Municipally-owned Infrastructure/Coastal Wetlands/Private Property Action #2 …Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report/Storm Tide Pathways Study Implement Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report/Storm Tide Pathways Study: D. Increase public awareness of the importance of healthy coastal wetlands and natural coastal processes, and the need to protect these resource. Education materials should be aimed at shoreline property owners, among others, to discuss the importance of natural sediment transport processes, and best practices for vegetation management, erosion management, and buffer protection, etc. This effort should be coordinated with the development of permitting guidance. E. Use best available tools to understand the potential impact of storm surge on public and private property, sensitive infrastructure and natural resources, and to develop strategies and plans to avoid, Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 158 minimize or mitigate adverse impacts, including tools made available through the Cape Cod Commission’s Resilient Cape Cod project, MVP program, and the storm tides pathways assessment project being undertaken by the Barnstable County Extension Service and Center for Coastal Studies. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 26 • Lead: Natural Resources Dept. • Supporting: Natural Resources Advisory Group • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Protection of property, life, infrastructure and natural resources/Increased awareness of vulnerabilities • Vulnerable Area: Repetitive Loss Properties/Floodplains/Municipally- owned Infrastructure/Emergency Response and Public Health/Private Property Action #3 …MVP/2016 Draft Plan/HW Increased the public’s awareness of hazard vulnerabilities: F. Develop a Preparedness Campaign for the general public (i.e., residents and seasonal guests) and the private sector that includes guidance and checklists, as well as recommendations to increase community resilience to the impacts of climate change (e.g., extreme weather, health impacts). G. Annually host a public hazards display for the residents of Brewster in combination with the ‘Brewster in Bloom’ festival or another appropriate community event. Ensure that such a display will also be hosted during the summer months, when part-time residents are in Town. H. Distribute Tourist Evacuation and Shelter Information Out of state tourists may not be familiar with local authorities, evacuation routes, locations of designated shelters, or know what to expect if police- enforced evacuation becomes necessary. Distribute information on town evacuation routes and emergency shelters to hotels, Bed and Breakfasts, real estate agencies dealing with seasonal rentals, and other facilities and events hosting tourists. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 26 • Lead: Fire Dept./Emergency Management/Police Dept. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 159 • Supporting: Planning Dept./Natural Resources Dept./Natural Resources Advisory Commission • Time Frame: Short Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time/MVP Action Grants • Benefit: Protection of property, life and infrastructure/Increased awareness of vulnerabilities/Accelerated evacuation • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Public and Private Property/Social Distress NATURAL RESOURCE PROTECTION Action #4 …Open Space and Recreation Plan 2021 Implement Brewster Open Space and Recreation Plan: F. Protect the Town’s drinking water supply to meet the needs of residents and visitors today and in the future. Protect existing public supply wells from land-based sources of contamination. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 26 • Lead: Water Dept./Community Preservation Committee • Supporting: Natural Resources Dept./Recreation Dept./Open Space Committee • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget/FEMA and MEMA Grants/Community Preservation Act Fund • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Protection of drinking water supply/Protection of natural resources • Vulnerable Area: Municipally-owned Infrastructure/Natural Resources Action #5 …Integrated Water Resources Management Plan 2013 Update Zoning Bylaws and Subdivision Rules/Regulations to protect public supply wells. - Strengthen the Water Conservation Bylaw (Chapter 112, Article 1 of the Brewster Town Code). - Strengthen the Zoning Bylaw provision for drinking water quality protection by mandating the Natural Resource Protection Design (NRPD) in its District of Critical Planning Concern (DCPC), rather than ‘encouraging it’. - Implement a Stormwater Management Bylaw. - Encourage Low Impact Development (LID). • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 160 • Priority Score: 26 • Lead: Planning Board • Supporting: Planning Dept./Water Dept. • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Protection of life/infrastructure, increased awareness of vulnerabilities • Vulnerable Area: Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Social Distress/Natural Resources Action #6 …Town of Brewster Coastal Adaptation Strategy 2016 Implement Brewster Coastal Adaptation Strategy E. Identify and acquire new access points to the shoreline. - The Town should evaluate possible new access points to the shoreline through collaboration with existing property owners, including state and town-owned land and private properties. The Town should also evaluate how existing satellite parking facilities could be used or expanded, or if new satellite parking areas and pathways to the shore could be created without impacting sensitive resources. - Identify and plan for the acquisition of parcels that may provide for future access. The proximity of the parcels to sensitive wetland areas and the potential impacts from climate change should be included in the planning process to select sites that will create viable access over the long term. F. Periodically evaluate the beach management process to evaluate how well it is working and to incorporate lessons learned over time. - Ongoing beach management promotes safe access to the shore through repairs to the town landings after storm events. Therefore, the Town should continue its ongoing work to restore areas at the town landings impacted by storm events. This can include beach nourishment and dune restoration to replace sand lost during a storm: the planting of beach grass and the use of dune fencing to stabilize dunes; and the repair or replacement of pathways, stairs, or ramps used to access the beach. G. Promoting wetland retreat as sea level rises helps to preserve the valuable habitat and storm damage prevention function of coastal wetlands. The Town should identify opportunities to promote and support wetland retreat to preserve coastal wetlands, including salt marshes to the extent feasible. Strategies to consider include: - Mapping of low-lying areas where wetland retreat is possible. - Land acquisition and preservation in areas directly adjacent to existing wetlands to allow for wetland retreat as sea level rises. - Incorporation of wetland retreat assessments into plans for the development or redevelopment of properties adjacent to existing wetlands. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 161 - Development of regulatory guidelines to require that wetland retreat adaptation be incorporated into future development plans. - Removal of restrictions to tidal flow into upstream marshes to promote the inland migration of coastal wetlands. - Removal of pavement and fill in wetland areas, and/or design and implementation of improved stormwater management where feasible to reduce impacts to existing wetlands. H. Continuing research and analysis is needed to manage access to Brewster’s shoreline into the future which may include additional monitoring. Further analysis and monitoring of the migration of sediment along the coast is needed to understand how the offshore flats will respond to a rising sea level and whether or not they will remain above water at low tide. The scientific understanding of wetland retreat and salt marsh migration under increasing sea levels will mature over time and any new information should be incorporated into the Town’s plans for managing wetland retreat. Future data on the rate of sea level rise can also be used to manage and prioritize future adaptation projects. The Town should also consider the potential contributions to climate change of adaptation options when evaluating different approaches. The Management Plan could evaluate the implementation of a coastal overlay district to control future development in areas impacted by climate change and manage the rebuilding of existing development in these areas. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 22 • Lead: Natural Resources Dept./Natural Resources Advisory Commission • Supporting: Brewster Open Space Committee/Community Preservation Committee • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: MEMA/FEMA grants/Community Preservation Act Funds • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Protection of cultural and natural resources • Vulnerable Area: Public and Private Property/Cultural Resources/Natural Resources/Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Municipally-owned Infrastructure/Floodplains Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 162 Action #7 …Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report Implement Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report A. Periodically assess coastal resources conditions for comparison with baseline conditions. Monitor and assess physical processes to support short-term management decisions and long-term planning. - Every five years (next in 2021) update projections of sea level rise and storm surge and the modeled impacts of these forces on public beaches and landings, infrastructure and coastal resources. - Update tidal benchmarks; track and record highest annual high tide as proxy for effects of sea level rise. - Evaluate the potential benefit, cost and candidate locations for installing one or more tide gauge (s) and a wave buoy to provide localized data on trends in tidal dynamics. - Evaluate the potential benefit, cost and candidate location for installing a wave height buoy. - Evaluate the potential usefulness of establishing a volunteer-based program to monitor changes in beach profiles. B. Periodically assess coastal resources on a regional scale. - The 2015 Century Scale Sediment Budget should be updated in tandem with the sea level rise (next in 2021) to assess trends in sediment movement within the littoral cell that encompasses Brewster’s shoreline. This effort should be evaluated and potentially undertaken in cooperation with Dennis, Orleans and Eastham. The assessment should include recommendations for monitoring protocols and potential management actions necessary to increase resiliency of Brewster’s shoreline and ensure that tidal flats keep pace with sea level rise. - Participate with the Barnstable County Extension and Center for Coastal Studies in developing a Storm Tide Pathway for Brewster. The Storm Tide Pathways project will encompass the entire Cape Cod Bay shoreline and may provide a basis for additional coordinated efforts among towns sharing the same littoral cell. - Consider development of a regional framework for coastal resilience. o Develop a management plan for the Inner Cape Cod Bay Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC), in concert with the other towns sharing the ACEC. Such a plan could encompass studies of sea level rise and sediment budget, regional sediment management, and other ACEC resource issues. o Consider establishing a regional coastal resilience planning group among towns in the same littoral cell (Dennis , Orleans, Eastham) to identify/study issues of shared concern cost effectively. Regional coordination could increase funding opportunities. This could be in concert with the existing Barnstable County Coastal Resources Committee, or the Cape Cod Commission’s Resilient Cape Cod, Cape Cod Bay Work Group. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 163 C. Adopt long-term coastal management resiliency strategies. - Evaluate resilient shoreline management practices (those that mimic natural coastal processes) and identify where on Brewster’s shoreline they might be applied. o Preserve coastal landforms and vegetation that provide buffers to erosion caused by storm surge. Salt marsh and fronting coastal dunes have been shown to be effective in mitigation erosion along Brewster’s Cape Cod Bay shoreline. o Beach and dune nourishment practices for public and private beaches: Mant’s, Paine’s Point of Rocks. o Dune protection (vegetation, fencing) and reconstruction: Mant’s, Breakwater Beach, Point of Rocks. o Create a living shoreline demonstration project: oyster reef at Mant’s Landing. o Managed retreat similar to the relocation of the Paine’s Creek parking lot: locations to be determined. - Evaluate changes to the existing groin field, including potential removal/attrition of groins or other structures on the shoreline that impede coastal processes or hasten erosion. Evaluate whether existing groins could impede sediment transport necessary to sustain the tidal flats under different sea level rise scenarios. - Enhance stormwater management to minimize or eliminate erosion caused by overland run-off. o Implement the stormwater management improvements identified in Brewster’s Integrated Water Resource Management Plan and the work being undertaken on MS4 General Permit compliance. o Prioritize stormwater improvements in any locations where infrastructure could reduce or eliminate erosion caused by run-off. o Provide funding for ongoing maintenance of existing or proposed improvements, possibly through the creation of a stormwater utility. o Design and adopt a stormwater management bylaw to enhance stormwater management on public and private property; and ensure that issues related to coastal erosion, use of green infrastructure and use of best management practices are incorporated. - Evaluate policy and regulatory changes to promote coastal resiliency. o Evaluate the potential for implementing a flood plain bylaw to, among other things, “restrict or prohibit development and uses on Land Subject to Coastal Storm Flowage (i.e., 100-year coastal floodplain) and its buffer zones in order to minimize potential loss of life, destruction of property, and environmental damage inevitably resulting from inappropriate development on land known to be subject to storms, flooding, erosion, relative sea rise and other coastal zone hazards,” (Cape Cod Commission model bylaw). The Cape Cod Commission model bylaw and efforts implemented in other towns should be evaluated to determine policies applicable to Brewster. o Develop permitting guidance for erosion control activities on private properties, and work with the Conservation Commission to apply the Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 164 guidance in the review of Notices of Intent and issuance of Orders of Condition. - Ensure consistency with other planning efforts. D. Promote management and maintenance of public access points to increase resilience. - Create a coastal resiliency toolkit consisting of best practices for sustainable design, management and maintenance of town-owned landings and beaches. The toolkit should make use of the work being undertaken through the Cape Cod Commission’s Resilient Cape Cod project, and other proven techniques, including: o Managed retreat of parking areas and structures. o Use of articulated mats to provide stability under ramps and parking areas. o Use of beach grass planting, beach nourishment, and dune nourishment/rebuilding/stabilization, among other initiatives. - Develop a sustainable funding source, possibly through an environmental bond bill offset by short term rental tax revenues, potential increase in deeds tax revenues, town beach sticker revenues or other sources for resilient maintenance and management actions that balance needs for access, public safety, natural resource sustainability, and coastal resiliency; and that meet local and state permitting requirements. These measures include: repair stairs/ramps/walkways (including measures needed for improved handicapped accessibility). A proactive, resilient maintenance program may lower long-term costs by reducing the potential need for emergency repairs. - Conduct technical alternatives assessments for resilient capital projects needed to address erosion pressure and preserve access at highly threatened town-owned access points. Mant’s Landing and Paine’s Creek are currently experiencing significant erosion and should be prioritized for evaluation and possible resilient capital projects. E. Preserve natural sediment transport processes in balance with erosion. Evaluate policy and regulatory changes to protect wetland resources. - Work with the Conservation Commission to evaluate the Town’s wetlands protection bylaw and regulations to determine if any changes would provide enhanced protection of coastal wetlands and natural coastal processes. Areas of exploration could include, but not limited to: o Potential to incorporate the sediment budget into the local wetlands bylaw and regulations to regulate protection of upland development differently in eroding areas. o For all new or renewed Orders of Condition for erosion management, require analysis of cumulative system-wide impacts, and require adherence to best practices for shoreline erosion management structures. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 165 o Adopt permitting guidelines based on Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant publication Spectrum of Erosion Control Methods. The recent publication of Guidelines for Erosion Management in Pleasant Bay provides a guide. o Require maintenance and nourishment of erosion management structures. o Incorporate monitoring requirements for erosion control measures to provide information to evaluate their functions and impacts. - Review the Town’s policy for allowing access through town landings to perform shoreline stabilization work on private property. Ensure that applicants carry adequate insurance coverage in case of damage to resources caused by heavy equipment or fuel spills. - Work with the Planning Board to revise, update or extend the Flood Plain Overlay District and Wetlands Conservancy bylaws, based on an evaluation of the bylaw’s effectiveness in meeting its original purpose, and based on a survey of similar measures employed in other communities as recommended by the Cape Cod Commission. F. Maintain the elevation of salt marshes and tidal flats by promoting opportunities for salt marsh migration. - Use the state-of-the-art wetland modeling to assess patterns of salt marsh retreat in Brewster. Model results could then be used to develop salt marsh management plans to counteract loss of marsh due to subsidence or inundation. Management actions could include: o Channel improvements to restore or enhance hydrology. o Evaluate the potential for a pilot project for thin layer deposition of material on any subsided areas of salt marsh plane, in coordination with MassDEP permitting guidance. o Work with the Town’s Open Space Committee, Community Preservation Committee and the Brewster Conservation Trust to identify key parcels for acquisition/conservation restriction and to develop a funding strategy for acquisition/protection of these properties; and develop a framework for tracking and pursuing parcel opportunities. o Identify and remove any remaining undersized culverts that may restrict tidal flow and causing degradation of coastal wetlands. An example is the Crosby salt marsh restoration project. - Develop/update and implement resource management plans to protect large areas of salt marsh. Land Use and Management Plans for Quivett Creek/Paine’s Creek Marsh and Namskaket Marsh should be developed in coordination with Brewster Conservation Trust, MA DCR, and adjacent towns. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 22 • Lead: Natural Resources Advisory Committee Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 166 • Supporting: Natural Resource Dept./Towns of Dennis, Orleans and Eastham • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget/MEMA and FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Protection of Natural Resources, floodplains and infrastructure/Public and Private Property • Vulnerable Area: Repetitive Loss Properties/Floodplains/Public and Private Property/Cultural Resources/Natural Resources/Municipally- owned Infrastructure STRUCTURAL PROJECTS Action #8 …Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report/MVP Implement Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report A. Minimize and mitigate impacts of development in coastal areas: protect vulnerable low roads, groundwater and underground infrastructure. - Elevate low-lying road segments and/or retrofit stormwater management systems to mitigate flooding during storm surge conditions. The following segments were identified in the CAS and being of special concern: o Route 6A at Dennis town line and east of the Cape Cod Museum of Natural History near Paine’s Creek. o Lower Road at Bloomer Path intersection. o Breakwater Road various locations. o Crosby Lane. - Work with the Board of Health to evaluate whether the required separation to groundwater is sufficient, and whether changes in regulation are needed to prevent groundwater intrusion into wells and onsite wastewater treatment systems. B. Develop and initiate projects to increase resilience to projected climate change impacts (e.g., intense rain, storm surge, sea level rise) for critical infrastructure including but not limited to: - Route 6A from the intersection of Paine’s Creek Road west across causeway dividing the marsh. - Stormwater drainage throughout town. - Potentially vulnerable utility infrastructure. C. Conduct a stormwater infrastructure inventory and assessment to prioritize and initiate improvements (e.g., increased catch basin maintenance, culvert replacement) based on projected climate change impacts. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 167 • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 25 • Lead: DPW/Utility Providers • Supporting: Board of Health/Natural Resources Advisory Committee/Planning Dept. • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: MEMA and FEMA Grants/MVP Action Grants • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Protection of Public and Private Property/Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Protection of Infrastructure • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/ Public and Private Property/Municipally-owned Infrastructure Action #9 …Cape Cod Atlas of Tidally Restricted Salt Marshes/2016 Draft Plan Complete remediation work necessary on two large marsh systems: - Site BR-2: Brewster - Cranberry Bog Berm Restriction of Channel off Quivett Creek (Privately Owned): Inactive cranberry bogs dot this marsh. Berms built to support the past cranberry farming are still in place, severing the tidal flow. A six-inch pipe forms the only connection from the bogs to the marsh, allowing in only a fraction of the tidal flow to pass upstream. The scour, bank erosion and vegetation die-off are each evident and are among the worst observed. - Site BR-3: Brewster - Cranberry Bog Berm Restriction of Channel off Quivett Creek (Privately Owned): This site also involves another pipe designed to allow water under an old cranberry bog berm. This pipe prevents any waters from naturally flushing the upstream affected area. The upstream effected area is dominated by Phragmites. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 18 • Lead: Brewster Conservation Commission • Supporting: Natural Resources Dept./DPW • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Protection of Natural Resources/Floodplains • Vulnerable Area: Floodplains/Natural Resources EMERGENCY SERVICES Action #10 …Town of Brewster Coastal Adaptation Strategy 2016 Maintain access for emergency vehicles and maintenance. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 168 - Emergency response is limited by access of the relevant emergency vehicles, including rescue boats and such access should be maintained at as many landings as possible. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 22 • Lead: Fire/Emergency Management • Supporting: Natural Resources Advisory Committee • Time Frame: Short Term • Financing Options: MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Improved Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Natural Resources Action #11 …2016 Draft HMP Conduct a Needs Assessment of privately-owned facilities that have regional importance (medical centers/day care centers). • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 21 • Lead: Fire/Emergency Management • Supporting: Town Manager/Select Board • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Reduced Social Distress • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Social Distress Action #12 …2016 Draft HMP Incorporate the inspection and management of hazardous trees/limbs into the Town’s routine monitoring process. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 23 • Lead: DPW • Supporting: Police/Fire • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget, MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 169 • Benefit: Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Emergency Response • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Public and Private Property Action #13 …2016 Draft HMP Mitigate impacts of blowing/drifting snow. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 22 • Lead: DPW • Supporting: Police/Fire • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget, MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Emergency Response • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Public and Private Property Action #14 …2016 Draft HMP Develop a program to train emergency responders and residents in management of domestic animals, horses, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, birds, as well as wild animals, during emergencies such as floods, fires, winds, etc. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 17 • Lead: Health Agent/Animal Control • Supporting: Natural Resources Dept./Conservation Commission • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget, MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Emergency Response • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare Action #15 …2016 Draft HMP Coordination with Nickerson State Park, Towns of Orleans (Baker’s Pond), Harwich/Harwich Water Dept. (Punkhorn Parklands), and Dennis/Dennis Water Dept. (Punkhorn Parklands and Ellis Farm) on fuel reduction programs and response. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 170 • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 21 • Lead: Fire • Supporting: Towns of Orleans/Dennis • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Reduced Vulnerability to Fire/Reduced Cleanup Costs/Protection of Natural Resources • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Public and Private Property/Fire Management and Response Action #16 …Brewster Health Department Strengthen/Enhance the Brewster Health Dept.’s capacity and capabilities A. Conduct a full-scale exercise to test Brewster’s Medical Emergency Distribution System (MEDS). Test the Town’s MEDS system’s ability to rapidly dispense medical countermeasures to the general public at points of distributions and to predefined populations in hospitals and nursing homes within the Town of Brewster. B. Create a public health nurse position within the Health Department. Create an in-house public health nurse position for communicable disease investigation, resident immunizations, as a liaison to school populations and families, research changing needs of the community/develop new programs accordingly, develop/implement wellness programs, research and seek grant opportunities, create new cooperative relationships and programs to integrate diverse demographic groups in the community (i.e., Council on Aging and Youth Recreation). C. Create a public health communications coordinator position within the Health Department. Create an in-house public health communications coordinator position for the development of appropriate messaging for public health programs, emergency announcements, social media posts, informational literature, promotional programs to highlight the role of the Health Department and Board of Health in the community to garner additional support for programs and positions. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 18 • Lead: Brewster Health Department Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 171 • Supporting: Emergency Management Agency/Select Board • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Improved Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Social Distress PLANNING AND PREVENTION Action #17 …Open Space and Recreation Plan 2021 Provide a variety of recreation and open space opportunities to promote healthy and active lifestyles for Brewster residents, ensuring equitable access for all users and abilities. - Plan for future pandemics that impact access to open space and recreational resources. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 21 • Lead: Open Space Committee/Recreation Commission • Supporting: Community Preservation Committee • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: MEMA/FEMA Grants/Community Preservation Act Funds • Cost Estimate: Moderate • Benefit: Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare • Vulnerable Area: Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Social Distress Action #18 …Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report Minimize and mitigate impacts of development in coastal areas: Work with the Planning Board and other stakeholders to evaluate changes to local zoning and regulations to preserve scale, character, and resource protection (adopt Coastal Resilience Bylaw). - Consider establishing a Coastal Resource District of Critical Planning Concern as a planning process for considering multiple overlapping planning objectives and tools. - Develop and implement a stormwater management bylaw/low impact development zoning bylaw as part of compliance with the MS4 General Permit. - Evaluate the potential benefits of establishing a Coastal Conservancy zoning district with enhanced protections for coastal resources and building scale. Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 172 - Evaluate zoning restrictions governing the size, height and lot coverage of newly constructed or reconstructed residential dwellings in the coastal resource planning area. - Evaluate the potential benefit of revisions to the Flood Plain Overlay District and Wetlands Conservancy District bylaws to further limit development in velocity zones. Any proposed changes should be based on a thorough assessment of the effectiveness of the current bylaws, and the approaches and experience of other communities with similar circumstances. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 21 • Lead: Planning Board • Supporting: Planning Dept./Natural Resources Dept./Natural Resources Advisory Commission • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget, MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Moderate • Benefit: Protection of life/infrastructure, increased awareness of vulnerabilities • Vulnerable Area: Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Social Distress/Natural Resources Action #19 …2016 Draft HMP Review of ditch systems and old bogs for preventative maintenance to increase flood capacity. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 16 • Lead: DPW • Supporting: Conservation Commission • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget, MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Increased Flood Capacity • Vulnerable Area: Public and Private Property/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Natural Resources Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 173 Section 5 Plan Implementation and Maintenance 5.1 Implementation, Evaluation, and Revision of Plan Implementation The LHMW realized that assigning a time frame to each recommended mitigation action is important so that activities can be coordinated with other important governmental functions, such as committee meetings and budget hearings. Assigned time frames also provide input to a project plan used for tracking the progress of all activities. Once the 2021 plan receives FEMA’s ‘Approved Pending Adoption’, the mitigation strategy will be put into motion and the Board of Selectmen will adopt the Plan (within one year of FEMA’s approval). It is recognized that progress on plan implementation may vary dependent upon available funding and capacity of staff to complete assigned tasks. Evaluation The Town Administrator will bring the LHMW together annually to review the status of the mitigation actions. Within two months of this meeting, a status report will be given to the Planning Board and Select Board. Progress will be reviewed annually at advertised public hearings held by the Brewster Planning Board. It is advantageous the annual review be conducted prior to the Town’s annual budget process so any locally funded projects can be considered in the budget process. Revision As per 44 CFR S 201.6(d)(3), the Plan will be reviewed and revised to reflect progress in local mitigation efforts and changes in priorities and resubmitted for approval within 5 years in order to continue to be eligible for mitigation project grant funding. In order to ensure that the plan remains current, the LHMW, which consists of representatives from the Planning Department, EMA, Public Works, Zoning and Code Enforcement, Water/Sewer Department, Fire Department, and Police Department, Board of Health, and Conservation Commission will meet annually. The Plan will also be evaluated and updated after a disaster, or as funding opportunities arise for the actions and projects identified in the plan. Any updates will be reviewed and submitted to MEMA upon local approval to ensure that the state hazard mitigation strategy remains current. The Town of Brewster Hazard Mitigation Plan will be incorporated into the Town’s Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) and Comprehensive Master Plan when updated and for consistency. 5.2 Continued Public Involvement The Town of Brewster will continue public involvement in the plan maintenance process by: ▪ The approved/adopted plan will be posted on the Town’s web site; Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 174 ▪ The annual meeting of the LHMW to review the implementation of the plan will be posted/advertised as a public meeting as per Town guidelines; and ▪ The LHMW will include the public in the preparation of the five-year update using the same public participation process as in the development of this update. References Federal/National Resources Avoiding Septic Shock: How Climate Change Can Cause Septic System Failure and Whether New England States are Prepared, Elena Mihaly/Ocean and Coastal Law Journal Volume 23/Number 1. January 2018 Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Summary for Policymakers. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007 Code of Federal Regulations (28 CFR), Section 0.85 FEMA Glossary: Civil Disturbance Local Mitigation Planning Handbook. FEMA, March 2013 Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide. FEMA, October 1, 2011 Saffir Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. NOAA, https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutsshws.php Severe Events Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, www.ncdc.noaa.gov Terrorism 2002 – 2005, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 2005 The Wildland Urban Interface in the United States. Radeloff, V.C., R.B. Hammer, S.I. Stewart, J.S. Holcomb, and J.F. McKeefry, Ecological Applications 15:799 – 805, 2005 U.S. Drought Monitor 2017. https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/ Wind Zones in the United States. www.nist.gov State Resources Fujita Scale. NOAA, https://www.spc.noaa.gov/efscale/ Heat Index. NOAA National Weather Service, https://www.weather.gov/phi/heatcond https://www.seculore.com/resources/cyber-attack-archive/massachusetts Massachusetts Coastal Erosion Commission Final Report, 2015 Massachusetts Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 2019 Massachusetts Homeowners Handbook to Prepare for Coastal Hazards, MEMA/MA CZM/FEMA/MA DCR/MIT Sea Grant/Woods Hole Sea Grant Massachusetts Ocean Resource Information System. Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management, http://maps.massgis.state.ma.us/map_ol/moris.php Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. USGS https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/earthquake-hazards/education Municipal Vulnerability Preparedness Program. Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, www.resilientma.org Ninth Edition of the Massachusetts State Building Code 780. June 8, 2018 Richter Magnitude Scale. USGS, https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=Richter%20scale 2018 State Hazard Mitigation and Climate Adaptation Plan, Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency Local/Regional Resources Barnstable County Wildfire Preparedness Plan https://www.barnstablecounty.org/barnstable-county/emergency-preparedness/ Brewster Emergency Management Director’s Annual Report. 2019 Brewster Emergency Preparedness Handbook, Town of Brewster Brewster Municipal Vulnerability Preparedness Workshop: Summary of Findings, Horsley Witten Group, Inc. March 28, 2019 Cape Cod Atlas of Tidally Restricted Salt Marshes, Cape Cod Commission. December 2001 Cyber Incident Response Plan for the Town of Brewster, February 22, 2021 Integrated Water Resources Management Plan, Town of Brewster. 2013 Lower Mill Pond Dam Phase I Inspection/Evaluation Report, Tighe & Bond, September 29, 2010 Lower Mill Pond Dam Operation and Maintenance Manual, Tighe & Bond. August 2013 Mapping Storm Tide Pathways in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts, Center for Coastal Studies. June 2021 Massachusetts Hurricane Evacuation Study – Brewster Open Space and Recreation Plan, Town of Brewster. 2021 Town of Brewster Coastal Adaptation Strategy, Horsley Witten Group, Inc. September 2016 Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase I Report, Brewster Coastal Committee/Ridlay & Associates. 2019 Town of Brewster Vision Plan 2018, Brewster Vision Advisory Group 2019 Annual Water Quality Report, Brewster Water Department. 2019 Brewster Subdivision Rules and Regulations, Chapter 290, Article IV: Design and Construction Standards, Town of Brewster Town of Brewster Zoning Code, Flooding, Chapter 100/Floodplain District, Article II Establishment of Districts, Section 179-7/Wetlands Protection Bylaw, Chapter 172/Wetlands Conservancy District, Article II Establishment of Districts, Section 179-6. May 14, 1979 Town of Brewster, MA Comprehensive Emergency Operations Plan Town of Brewster Tax Assessor CAMA Data. Massachusetts Property Tax Code, 2020 Appendix A – Maps Shoreline Change (2-1) Sea Level Rise (2-2) FEMA Flood Hazard Areas (2-3) Critical Facilities and Flood Hazard Areas (2-4) Average Annual Snowfall (2-5) Hurricanes (2-6) Storm Surge (2-7) Earthquakes (2-8) This map is produced by the GIS Department of the Cape Cod Commission, a division of Barnstable County, 2021. The information depicted on these maps is for planning purposes only. It is notadequate for legal boundary definition, regulatory interpretation, or parcel level analysis. It should not substitute for actual on-site survey, or supersede deed research. Map 2-1: Shoreline Change Brewster User: gprahm Date: 6/8/2021 0 0.1 0.2 0.30.05 MilesDocument Path: C:\Workspace\Brewster_MHM_2020\Brewster_MHM_HW_17x11.aprxHigh Water Shorelines: MORIS/CZM from NOAA and USGS maps 2009. Service Layer Credits: World_Imagery: Maxar ¸ ¸ Shorelines (MORIS) YEAR 1868 1934 1951 1978 1994 2009 Middle Locus ¸ East Locus West Locus !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Mai n S t r e e t Long P o n d R o a d Chatham RoadRoute 134Airline RoadFreem a n s W a y Mid Cape Hi g h w a yHarwich RoadSetucket Road Millstone RoadLong Pon d D r i v e Route 28Queen Anne RoadSatucket RoadOrle a n s R o a d Sl o u g h R o a d Lower Road Stony Brook Road Ol d B a s s R i v e r R o a d Orleans Harwich RoadPleasant B a y R o a d Gr e a t F i e l d s R o a d Cra n b e r r y H i g h w a y Church StreetPl e a s a n t L a k e A v e n u e Monument RoadGrand Army Of The Republic HighwayMayfair Road West RoadSouth Orleans RoadFinlay Road Underpass RoadOld Comers R o a d Pond R oa d Depot StreetOld Colo n y W a y Beach Ro a d Eldredge Park Way Access Ro a d School RoadLots Hollow RoadMid Cape H ighway Main Street Cranberry HighwayLong Pond Cliff Pond Upper Mill Pond Sheep Pond Walkers Pond Seymour Pond Flax Pond Greenland Pond Lower Mill Pond Elbow Pond Slough Pond Pine Pond Griffiths Pond Little Cliff Pond Higgins Pond Cobbs Pond Cahoon Pond Smalls Pond Blueberry Pond Canoe Pond Smith Pond Black Pond Mill Pond Grassy Pond Bakers Pond The information depicted on these maps is for planning purposes only. It is not adequate for legal boundary definition, regulatory interpretation, or parcel level analysis. It should not substitute for actual on-site survey, or supersede deed research.User: gprahm Date: 6/8/2021 ¸ 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Miles Sources: Sea Level Rise: Mean Higher High Water elevations in feet, MassGIS LIDAR data processed by CCC, 2013. Base map features: MassGIS and Cape Cod Commission. This map is produced by the GIS Department of the Cape Cod Commission, a division of Barnstable County, 2021.Document Path: C:\Workspace\Brewster_MHM_2020\Brewster_MHM_HW_17x11.aprxBrewsterMap 2-2: Sea Level Rise Below 0 Feet 0-1 Foot 1-2 Feet 2-3 Feet 3-4 Feet 4-5 Feet 5-6 Feet Locus !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Mai n S t r e e t Long P o n d R o a d Chatham RoadRoute 134Airline RoadFreem a n s W a y Mid Cape Hi g h w a yHarwich RoadSetucket Road Millstone RoadLong Pon d D r i v e Route 28Queen Anne RoadSatucket RoadOrle a n s R o a d Sl o u g h R o a d Lower Road Stony Brook Road Ol d B a s s R i v e r R o a d Orleans Harwich RoadPleasant B a y R o a d Gr e a t F i e l d s R o a d Cra n b e r r y H i g h w a y Church StreetPl e a s a n t L a k e A v e n u e Monument RoadGrand Army Of The Republic HighwayMayfair Road West RoadSouth Orleans RoadFinlay Road Underpass RoadOld Comers R o a d Pond R oa d Depot StreetOld Colo n y W a y Beach Ro a d Eldredge Park Way Access Ro a d School RoadLots Hollow RoadMid Cape H ighway Main Street Cranberry HighwayLong Pond Cliff Pond Upper Mill Pond Sheep Pond Walkers Pond Seymour Pond Flax Pond Greenland Pond Lower Mill Pond Elbow Pond Slough Pond Pine Pond Griffiths Pond Little Cliff Pond Higgins Pond Cobbs Pond Cahoon Pond Smalls Pond Blueberry Pond Canoe Pond Smith Pond Black Pond Mill Pond Grassy Pond Bakers Pond The information depicted on these maps is for planning purposes only. It is not adequate for legal boundary definition, regulatory interpretation, or parcel level analysis. It should not substitute for actual on-site survey, or supersede deed research.User: gprahm Date: 6/8/2021 ¸ 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Miles Sources: Flood Hazard Area: FEMA, 2019. Base map features: MassGIS and Cape Cod Commission. This map is produced by the GIS Department of the Cape Cod Commission, a division of Barnstable County, 2021.Document Path: C:\Workspace\Brewster_MHM_2020\Brewster_MHM_HW_17x11.aprxBrewsterMap 2-3: Flooding (FEMA FIRM) FEMA Flood Hazard Area Flood Zone VE AO; AE; A 0.2 % Annual Chance Locus Bakers Pond Pilgrim LakeCobbs Pond Blueberry Pond Cliff Pond Little Cliff Pond Coles Pond Smith Pond Sheep Pond Lower Mill Pond Griffiths Pond Canoe Pond Long Pond Cahoon PondGreenland Pond Mill PondSmalls PondBlack Pond Grassy PondSlough Pond Pine Pond Olivers PondGrassy Pond Elbow Pond Muddy Creek Muddy CreekAunt Edies Pond Cornelius PondRobbins Pond Stillwater Pond Crystal Lake Flax Pond Higgins Pond Upper Mill Pond Seymour Pond Walkers Pond Hinckleys Pond Hawksnest PondWalkers Pond Lower R o a d Old Bass River RoadHarwich RoadLower Road Route 28 Eldredge P a r k W a y Grea t F ie ld s Road W e s t R o a d Slough RoadSatucket RoadCranberry Highw a y Crowel lRoadQueen Anne Ro a d Old ColonyWay Stony Brook Road Monument RoadCranberry HighwayMid Cape Hi g h w a yRoute 134P l e a s a n t L a k e A v e n u e LotsHollowRoadMayfair Road SchoolRoadOld Com er s RoadOrleans Harwich RoadAirline RoadChatham RoadMid Cape H ighway DepotSt ree t L o n g P o n d R o a d Orle a n s R o a d Pond R o a d Setucket Road South Orleans RoadMain Street Beach Roa d Mai n S t r e e t Harwich RoadFinlay Road Pleasant Ba y R o a dUnderpassRoadGrand Army OfThe RepublicHighwayChurch StreetFreemans W a yHarwich RoadMillstone RoadLong Pon d D r i v e 22 24 39 35 41 23 17 18 27 46 26 45 40 28 342 1 10 13 14 11 12 21 6 7 44 25 15 43 20 29 19 5 16 30 9 8 32 33 3637 38 4 34 31 The information depicted on these maps is for planning purposes only. It is not adequate for legal boundary definition, regulatory interpretation, or parcel level analysis. It should not substitute for actual on-site survey, or supersede deed research.User: gprahm Date: 9/23/2021 ¸ 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Miles Sources: Flood Hazard Area: FEMA, 2019. Base map features: MassGIS and Cape Cod Commission. This map is produced by the GIS Department of the Cape Cod Commission, a division of Barnstable County, 2021.Document Path: C:\Workspace\Brewster_MHM_2020\Brewster_MHM_HW_17x11.aprxBrewsterMap 2-4: Critical Facilities and Flood Hazard Areas FEMA Flood Hazard Area Flood Zone VE AO; AE; A Locus Critical Facility Shelter/Mass Care Facility Parcel, 2019 Facility #Name of Facility 1 ABC Nursery School (CLOSED) Intentionally left blank 3 Animal Rescue League of Boston/Brewster Shelter 4 Brewster Baptist Church 5 Brewster Council On Aging 6 Brewster Department of Public Works/Brewster Recycling Center 7 Brewster Emergency Operations Center (Secondary)/Brewster Police Department 8 Brewster Emergency Operations Center (Primary)/Brewster Fire Dept. Headquarters 9 Brewster Housing Authority/Senior Housing at Frederick Court 10 Brewster Ice Co. 11 Brewster Ladies' Library 12 Brewster Medical Associates 13 Brewster Town Hall 14 Brewster Veterinary Hospital 15 Brewster VFW 16 Brewster Water Department 17 Brewster Water Tower 18 Brewster Water Tower 19 Camp Favorite 20 Camp Mitton 21 Camp Nan Ki Rafe 22 Cape Cod Sea Camps 23 Captains Golf Course 24 Eddy Elementary School 25 Serenity Brewster Apartment Complex 26 Freeman's Way GP Well 2 27 Freeman's Way GP Well 3 28 Freeman's Way GP Well 1 29 Greensand Filtration Treatment Facility 30 Latham School 31 Lower Mill Pond/Stoney Brook Dam 32 MA-6A/Stony Brook Culvert 33 MA-6A/Stony Brook Tributary Culvert 34 Maplewood Memory Care 35 Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints 36 Nickerson State Park 37 Ocean Edge Mansion 38 Ocean Edge Resort White House 39 Our Lady of the Cape Catholic Church 40 Run Hill Road GP Well 4 41 Stony Brook Elementary School 42 The Family School and Salt Box School 43 The Laurel School 44 The Woodlands at Pleasant Bay/Pleasant Bay Nursing and Rehabilitation Center/Owl Moon Child Care Center 45 Well #5 (SITE 19-84) 46 Well #6 Sheep Pond UpperMillpond CliffPond FlaxPond LongPond Cape Cod Bay HARWICH ORLEANS DENNIS This map is not the product of a Professional Land Survey. It was created by the Horsley Witten Group, Inc. for general reference, information, planning, and guidance use, and is nota legally authoritative source as to the location of natural or manmade features. Propertyinterpretation of the map may require the assistance of appropriate professional services. Horsley Witten Group, Inc. makes no warranty, express or implied, related to the spatial accuracy, reliability, completeness, or correctness of this map. Map 2-5Average Annual SnowfallBrewster, MA ± June 16, ,2021 CSPSource: MassGIS/FEMA 0 1 20.5 Miles Brewster, MA Legend Average Annual Snowfall 24.1 to 36.0 Inches Sheep Pond UpperMillpond CliffPond FlaxPond LongPond Cape Cod Bay HARWICH ORLEANS DENNIS Esther, 1961 Unnamed, 1877 Unnamed, 1877 This map is not the product of a Professional Land Survey. It was created by the Horsley Witten Group, Inc. for general reference, information, planning, and guidance use, and is nota legally authoritative source as to the location of natural or manmade features. Propertyinterpretation of the map may require the assistance of appropriate professional services. Horsley Witten Group, Inc. makes no warranty, express or implied, related to the spatial accuracy, reliability, completeness, or correctness of this map. Map 2-6HurricanesBrewster, MA ± June 16, ,2021 CSPSource: MassGIS/FEMA 0 1 20.5 Miles Brewster, MA Legend Zone II (160 mph) Wind Zone Tropical Storm Hurricane Tracks Category Extratropical Storm !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!MAIN STREET LONG P O N D R O A D CHATHAM ROADROUTE 134AIRLINE ROADFREEM A N S W A Y MID CAPE HI G H W A YHARWICH ROADSETUCKET R OA D LONG PO N D D R I V E MILLSTONE ROADROUTE 28QUEEN ANNE ROADSATUCKET ROADORL E A N S R O A D LOWER R O A D S LO UG H RO AD STONY BROOK ROADOLD BASS RIVER ROADORLEANS HARWICH ROADPLEASAN T B A Y R O A D G R E A T F I E L D S R O A D CRANBERRY H I G H W A Y PLEASANT LAKE AVENUECHURCH STREETMONUMENT ROADGRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC HIGH WAY MAYFAIR ROAD WEST ROADUNDERPASS ROADSOUTH ORLEANS ROADFINLAY ROAD OLD CO M E R S R O A D POND R O A D DEPOT STREETOLD COLONY WAYBEACH RO A D ELDREDGE PARK WAY FRONTAGE R O A D ACCESS R O A D MID CAPE H IGHWAY MAIN STREET CRANBERRY HIGHWAY Long Pond Cliff Pond Upper Mill Pond Sheep Pond Walkers Pond Seymour Pond Flax Pond Elbow Pond Greenland Pond Lower Mill Pond Slough Pond Pine Pond Griffiths Pond Little Cliff Pond Higgins Pond Cobbs Pond Cahoon Pond Smalls Pond Blueberry Pond Canoe Pond Smith Pond Black Pond Mill Pond Grassy Pond Bakers Pond The information depicted on these maps is for planning purposes only. It is not adequate for legal boundary definition, regulatory interpretation, or parcel level analysis. It should not substitute for actual on-site survey, or supersede deed research.User: gprahm Date: 6/8/2021 ¸ 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Miles Sources: Storm Surge (SLOSH): Army Corps of Engineers, 2013. Base map features: MassGIS and Cape Cod Commission. This map is produced by the GIS Department of the Cape Cod Commission, a division of Barnstable County, 2021.Document Path: C:\Workspace\Brewster_MHM_2020\Brewster_MHM_HW_17x11.aprxBrewsterMap 2-7: Storm Surge (SLOSH) Storm Surge (SLOSH) HURR_CAT Category One Hurricane Category Two Hurricane Category Three Hurricane Category Four Hurricane Locus Sheep Pond UpperMillpond CliffPond FlaxPond LongPond Cape Cod Bay HARWICH ORLEANS DENNIS August 8, 1847, Mag. 4.2 March 14, 1976, Mag. 2.8 This map is not the product of a Professional Land Survey. It was created by the Horsley Witten Group, Inc. for general reference, information, planning, and guidance use, and is nota legally authoritative source as to the location of natural or manmade features. Propertyinterpretation of the map may require the assistance of appropriate professional services. Horsley Witten Group, Inc. makes no warranty, express or implied, related to the spatial accuracy, reliability, completeness, or correctness of this map. Map 2-8EarthquakesBrewster, MA ± June 16, ,2021 CSPSource: MassGIS/FEMA 0 1 20.5 Miles Brewster, MA Legend Earthquake Points Appendix B – Public Information and Outreach Project Webpage Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup Meeting #1: March 12, 2020 Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup Meeting #2: July 15, 2020 Public Workshop #1: January 30, 2021 Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup Meeting #3: July 16, 2021 Local Hazard Mitigation Committee Workgroup Meeting #4: September 27, 2021 Public Workshop #2: November 30, 2021 On-Line Survey Project Webpage FEMA defines hazard mitigation as: A series of actions and policies designed to reduce and/or eliminate the impacts of naturally occurring disasters on people and property. About the Brewster Hazard Mitigation Plan A hazard mitigation plan should be considered a living document that must grow and adapt, keeping pace with a community’s growth and change. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA) places high priority on the continuation of the planning process after the initial submittal, requiring communities to seek and receive re-approval from FEMA in order to remain eligible for assistance. The evaluation, revision and update process is also a means to create an increased institutional awareness and involvement in hazard mitigation as part of daily activities. The approach for this plan is premised on four primary methods, all geared towards meeting the requirements of the DMA 2000 Public Law 106-390, October 10, 2000: • Planning Process—Outreach and Stakeholder Coordination • Risk Assessment—Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses • Mitigation Strategy— Identifying Mitigation Actions and Implementation Strategies • Plan Maintenance—Implementation, Evaluation and Revision/Update Stay tuned for more information on how to get involved! Contacts Craig Pereira—Project Manager Horsley Witten Group, Inc. 55 Dorrance St. Suite 200 Providence, RI 02903 cpereira@horsleywitten.com Phone: (401)272-1717 Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup Meeting #1: March 12, 2020 Brewster Hazard Mitigation Plan Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup Meeting #1 Brewster Town Hall Room C 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA March 12, 2020 1:00 PM – 3:00 PM Agenda 1. Introductions 2. Project Coordination a. Scope b. Revised Schedule (modified thru Task 4) c. Proposed Layout d. Public Outreach i. Project Webpage ii. Interdepartmental memo/email: Project kickoff e. Data Collection i. HW FTP access/instructions ii. January 2016 Draft Plan in native format…received iii. Parcel data set with recent CAMA export iv. Coordination with CCC for Mapping/Data sets 1. Location Map 2. Flood Hazard Areas Map (need to overlay with parcels)…received from MVP project 3. Earthquakes/Landslides Map 4. Hurricanes/Tornadoes Map 5. Average Annual Snowfall Map 6. Critical Facilities…received from MVP project…current? 7. Traffic Control Points/Evacuation Map 8. Others (will need data for Economic Vulnerability Analyses) a. Sea Level Rise…received from MVP project, only 3-foot rise (1, 5, 7-foot?) b. Hurricane Surge Inundation…received from MVP project c. Shoreline Change Map 3. January 2016 Mitigation Actions (still relevant ?) 4. Agenda/Logistics for Public Workshop #1 a. Date/Time/Venue b. Agenda i. Overview ii. Why Hazard Mitigation Planning 1. Mitigation Process 2. Mitigation Goals 3. Mitigation Actions iii. January 2016 Mitigation Actions iv. Questions/Comments c. Online Survey kickoff Memorandum of Meeting To: Brewster Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup (LHMW) From: Craig Pereira Date: March 13, 2020 Re: Brewster Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) Development In attendance: Don Labonte – Resident/CERT Donna Kalinick – Assistant Town Administrator Patrick Ellis – DPW Superintendent Paul Anderson – Water Department Superintendent Chris Miller – Natural Resources Director Victor Staley – Building Commissioner Heath Eldredge – Police Chief Ryan Bennett – Town Planner Consultant Team Craig Pereira, Project Manager - Horsley Witten Group, Inc. (HW) Will Keefer, Senior Planner - HW 1. Scope of Work/Project Overview. a. Craig Pereira provided an overview of the project highlighting the Scope of Work/Tasks. i. Workgroup member asked if epidemics would also be covered. Craig Pereira commented that the Town’s RFP and HW’s proposal did not request/propose man-made and technological hazards. Craig stated that he will coordinate with Ryan Bennett on this. 2. Proposed Plan Layout. a. Craig Pereira reviewed provided a proposed layout for the HMP, based on his coordination with MEMA on other HMP projects. 3. Project Webpage. a. Craig Pereira provided draft content for the Project Webpage to be hosted on the Town’s website. i. Several Workgroup members stated that the Town’s website in currently transitioning to a new format. Ryan Bennett stated that HW has hosted websites in the past for other projects and could this happen for the HMP. Craig commented that this is not in the Scope and would be better if hosted on the Town website and serve as a repository of public meeting flyers/notices, meeting materials and draft sections of the plan for public comment. Craig will provide all the content, the Town just needs to post it. 4. Data Collection. Horsley Witten Group March 17, 2020 2 a. Craig will conduct a review of the Town’s website and obtain what is available. Any other data (plans/reports/studies) not publicly available should be posted to HW’s FTP site, access and instructions provided below in follow up section. b. Craig requested a copy of the Town’s GIS parcel data set (shapefile) with a recent CAMA export to include assessed building/land/total value. c. Mapping. The Town has coordinated with the Cape Cod Commission to provide the required mapping for the hazard mitigation plan. Maps that will be needed as per FEMA requirements include: i. Location Map ii. Flood Hazard Area Map…received from MVP project, need to overlay onto parcels shapefile for Vulnerability Analyses (infrastructure and economic). iii. Earthquakes/Landslides Map iv. Hurricanes/Tornadoes Map v. Average Annual Snowfall Map vi. Critical Facilities…received from MVP project, need to check for currency? vii. Traffic Control Points/Evacuation Map Other maps needed by Craig to conduct climate change impacts/vulnerability analyses include: i. Sea Level Rise…received from MVP project, only 3-foot rise scenario included (1, 5, 7-foot)…discuss whether to expand. ii. Hurricane Surge Inundation…received from MVP project iii. Shoreline Change Maps 5. Draft Mitigation Strategy. a. Craig reviewed the draft mitigation actions included in the mitigation strategy to see what remains relevant, given the plan was only a draft and never submitted/approved by FEMA. b. Craig also reviewed the top priorities identified through the MVP project, stating that these mitigation actions will also be folded into the 2020 Mitigation Strategy. 6. Online Survey. a. Craig presented the draft online survey to the Workgroup, to be kicked off at the first Public Workshop. Follow Up Items: - Ryan Bennett o Coordinate with Craig on consideration of man-made/technological hazards. o Coordinate with Brewster IT to dedicate a project webpage to HMP. o Coordinate with Craig for transfer of GIS Parcel data set. - All LHMW Members o Review the proposed plan layout and provided feedback/requested revisions by April 9, 2020. o Any plans/studies/reports not publicly available post to HW’s FTP site: - Go to http:www.horsleywitten.com - On the lower right-hand side of the webpage, click on ‘Click here to send us your large files’ - Enter your email address - Enter recipient at HW (Craig Pereira) March 17, 2020 3 - Password is StormWater (case sensitive) - Browse the files you would like to send - Click on ‘Send this File’ o Review the draft 2016 Mitigation Strategy. For each action, identify: ▪ Provide additional descriptive text to action statement ▪ Impacts by which hazards ▪ Types of impacts (i.e. disruption to lifeline/social/economic/environmental) ▪ Cause (i.e. undersized culvert, elevation of roadway) ▪ Multiple incidents at one site ▪ Completed/Not completed ▪ Month/Year if completed ▪ Responsible party ▪ Funding mechanism/grant amount o Review the proposed online survey and provide feedback/requested revisions by April 9, 2020. PROJECT SCHEDULE HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN DEVELOPMENT Task 1: Convene and Coordinate with the LHMC, Conduct Outreach, Document Planning Process March 2, 2020 – April 30, 2020 Meeting #1 – Local Hazard Mitigation Committee March 12, 2020 - Project Webpage (Municipal Website) - Data Collection Coordination with Town Departments/Personnel Week of April 6, 2020 Public Workshop #1 Week of April 27, 2020 Task 2: Risk Assessment May 4, 2020 - May 29, 2020 - Hazard Identification - Hazard Event Profiles Task 3: GIS Mapping May 18, 2020 – June 12, 2020 - Coordination with Cape Cod Commission Task 4: Hazard Vulnerability Assessment June 15, 2020 – July 10, 2020 - Risk Assessment/Loss Estimation Meeting #2 – Local Hazard Mitigation Committee Week of June 15, 2020 Task 5: Develop Goals and Objectives June 22, 2020 - July 17, 2020 - Mitigation Recommendations - Review Goals and Objectives Task 6: Analyze Existing/Research New Strategies July 20, 2020 - August 14, 2020 - Plans, Policies and Problems Examination - Identification of Resources Task 7: Develop Comprehensive Range of Actions and Projects August 17, 2020 - September 11, 2020 Meeting #3 – Local Hazard Mitigation Committee Week of August 17, 2020 - Refine Goals and Objectives - Cost Benefit Review/Prioritization Task 8: Update Plan Maintenance/Implementation August 31, 2020 – September 11, 2020 - Mitigation Action Plan Task 9: Review, Revision, Approval and Adoption of Plan August 31, 2020 - September 11, 2020 Meeting #4 - Local Hazard Mitigation Committee Week of September 14, 2020 Public Comment Period October 5, 2020 – October 30, 2020 Public Workshop #2/Public Hearing Week of September 28, 2020 Final Deliverable to MEMA Friday, November 5, 2020 1 Brewster Hazard Mitigation Plan (proposed layout) Section 1: Introduction Overview - Hazard mitigation planning in general What Hazard Mitigation Can do for Brewster - Benefits of hazard mitigation planning Brewster Goals - TBD…consolidated to be over-arching Planning Process - Overview of approach/process of the project o Local Hazard Mitigation Committee Meetings o Public Workshops o Municipal Interviews o Survey Environmental Setting - Geographic location - History - Government Structure History of Disaster Declarations - Federal Emergency and Major Disaster Declarations for the County Recent Disaster Declarations - Recent (2011 – forward) Federal Emergency and Major Disaster Declarations for the County Section 2: Risk Assessment Introduction - Which hazards merit special attention - What actions might be taken to reduce the impact(s) of those hazards - What resources are likely to be needed Hazard Identification - Required to evaluate all hazards identified in the State Plan…anticipated list: o Riverine/Flash Flooding o Heavy Rain/Inland and Urban Flooding o Climate Change o Sea Level Rise o Dam Failure o Coastal Erosion/Shoreline Change o Coastal Flooding o Blizzards/Heavy Snow/Winter Weather/Nor’easters o Ice Storms o Extreme Cold o Hurricanes o Tornadoes/High Winds o Lightning/Thunderstorms 2 o Hail o Earthquakes/Landslides o Drought o Extreme Heat o Urban Fire/Wildfires o Invasive Species - Likely not to be addressed: o Avalanche o Expansive Soils o Land Subsidence o Volcanoes o Tsunamis Hazard Profiles - Review of NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/) ‘Storm Events’ database and develop tables based on hazard type, date, level/description and damages to develop a Hazard Index. o Flood Related o Winter Related o Wind Related o Geologic Related o Drought Related o Urban Fire/Wildfire Related o Invasive Species Related - Evaluate the location/history/probability of future occurrence of hazards Criteria for Frequency Categorization: Very low frequency: events that occur less frequently than once in 1,000 years (less than 0.1% per year). Low frequency: events that occur from once in 100 years to once in 1,000 years (0.1% to 1% per year). Medium frequency: events that occur from once in 10 years to once in 100 years (1% to 10% per year). High frequency: events that occur more frequently than once in 10 years (greater than 10% per year). Criteria for Severity Categorization (based on past hazard events): Minor: Limited and scattered property damage; no damage to public infrastructure; contained geographic area; essential services not interrupted; no injuries or fatalities. Serious: Scattered major property damage; some minor infrastructure damage; wider geographic area; essential services are briefly interrupted; some injuries/fatalities. Extensive: Consistent major property damage; major damage to public infrastructure; essential services are interrupted for several hours to several days; many injuries and fatalities. 3 Catastrophic: Property and public infrastructure destroyed; essential services stopped; thousands of injuries and fatalities. - Mapping will also be developed o Critical Facilities o FEMA Flood Zones o Snowfall, Hurricane paths, storm surge, etc. Vulnerability - Evaluates vulnerability of built environment, social and environment. Development Trends o Changes over time, future development plans (residential/commercial/industrial) Economic Vulnerability o Impacts of FEMA flood zones (Economic by land use type, land/building values) Social Vulnerability o Impacts to built/natural environment and that relationship to the social structure of the community o Infrastructure/Emergency lifelines o Evacuation/Populations at risk Environmental Vulnerability FEMA Disaster Grant Assistance - Has the Town received any financial assistance from MEMA/FEMA? Section 3: Capability Assessment Introduction - Documents local, state and federal department, agency and program capabilities in terms of pre and post-disaster activities Planning/Regulatory Capabilities - Planning documents - Regulations/Bylaws - Building Code Administrative Capabilities - Emergency Management Plan o Emergency Operations Center/Shelter - Municipal Website - Coordination with Neighboring Communities - Municipal Structure/Staff Financial Capabilities - Federal/State Grant Opportunities National Flood Insurance Program - NFIP/Compliance with NFIP 4 Existing Protection Matrix - Summary of all above Section 4: Mitigation Strategy Introduction Mitigation Activities - Requires an action for every vulnerability identified in the plan Mitigation Action Plan - Categories o Public Education and Awareness o Property Protection o Natural Resource Protection o Structural Projects o Emergency Services o Planning and Prevention - Time Frame o Short Term = 0 to 6 Months o Medium Term = 6 to 18 Months o Long Term = 18 Months to 5 Years - Cost Estimate o Staff Time – municipal personnel time o Minimal – less than $5,000 o Moderate – more than $5,000, but less than $25,000 o Significant – over $25,000 - Prioritization of Actions (abbreviated Benefit/Cost Analysis) STAPLEE Criteria o Social: Is the action compatible with present and future local community needs and values? o Technical: Is the action feasible with available local resources (or as supplement by outside resources as necessary)? o Administrative: Does the community have the administrative capacity to implement the action? o Political: Is there strong public support to implement and maintain the action? o Legal: Does the community have the legal authority to implement the action? o Economic: Is the action cost-effective? o Environmental: Does the action impact environmental resources, and is the impact positive, negative, or neutral? - Action Description o Action Type: o Priority Score: o Lead: o Supporting: o Time Frame: o Financing Options: 5 o Cost Estimate: o Benefit: o Vulnerable Area: Section 5: Plan Implementation/Maintenance Implementation/Evaluation/Revision - Implementation o Following municipal adoption - Evaluation o Annually - Revision o Every 5 years/after a major event Continued Public Involvement - Posted on Town’s website - Annual Town Meeting FEMA defines hazard mitigation as: A series of actions and policies designed to reduce and/or eliminate the impacts of naturally occurring disasters on people and property. About the Brewster Hazard Mitigation Plan A hazard mitigation plan should be considered a living document that must grow and adapt, keeping pace with a community’s growth and change. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA) places high priority on the continuation of the planning process after the initial submittal, requiring communities to seek and receive re-approval from FEMA in order to remain eligible for assistance. The evaluation, revision and update process is also a means to create an increased institutional awareness and involvement in hazard mitigation as part of daily activities. The approach for this plan is premised on four primary methods, all geared towards meeting the requirements of the DMA 2000 Public Law 106-390, October 10, 2000: • Planning Process—Outreach and Stakeholder Coordination • Risk Assessment—Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses • Mitigation Strategy— Identifying Mitigation Actions and Implementation Strategies • Plan Maintenance—Implementation, Evaluation and Revision/Update Stay tuned for more information on how to get involved! Contacts Craig Pereira—Project Manager Horsley Witten Group, Inc. 55 Dorrance St. Suite 200 Providence, RI 02903 cpereira@horsleywitten.com Phone: (401)272-1717 2016 Proposed Mitigation Actions - Updated following the LHMW Meeting #1 Action Item #1 Remove…established Create a standing Multi-hazard Mitigation Committee Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 2, 5 General background of item: Bring together representatives of public safety, public works, conservation, health and others to share information on areas concerning pre- disaster mitigation and keep an open dialogue on areas of concern and potential mitigation between departments and with adjoining towns. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Planning Department, Board of Selectmen Potential funding source: Operating budget Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): Moderate/2011 Action Item #2 Status ? ______________ Join the NFIP's Community Rating System (CRS) Hazard designed to mitigate: Flood Objective intended to help achieve: 1, 3, 9 General background of item: Acquiring certification in CRS requires completion of a detailed application and certification process. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Planning Department, Building Department Potential funding source: Operating budget Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011 Action Item #3 Keep? Capability Assessment if ongoing. Currently working with CCC Increase protection of the floodplain by amending the current Floodplain District By- law. Hazard designed to mitigate: Flood Objective intended to help achieve: 1 General background of item: Develop and adopt amendments to the floodplain by-law in the Brewster Zoning By-law. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Planning Department, Planning Board Potential funding source: Operating budget Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/May 2011 Action Item #4 Ongoing…Town establishing an enhanced permit software program Use the Town's evolving Geographic Information System (GIS) to maintain current building and parcel data for the purpose of conducting more detailed hazard risk assessments and for tracking permitting/ land use. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 1, 2, 9, 13 General background of item: A GIS system coordinated between several Town departments will allow for the ability to collect, collect, manage, analyze and display spatially referenced data to further hazard mitigation goals. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Planning Department, IT Director, Water Department, Assessing Department, Conservation Department Potential funding source: Operating budget, capital budget, grants Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/Ongoing Action Item #5 Remove…will be completed through HMP process Conduct a thorough investigation of the Town's most at-risk locations identified in the Vulnerability Analysis and evaluate potential mitigation techniques for protecting each location to the maximum extent possible. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 2, 8, 11, 13, 15 General background of item: An inventory of the Town's critical facilities should be created and maintained by the Town and include information on the risk to each location and possible mitigation measures. Non- town-owned at-risk locations should also be inventoried. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Public Works, Fire and Police, Conservation, Building Department Potential funding source: Town Meeting, Grants Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011 Action Item #6 Remove…will be completed through HMP process Develop a list of mitigation projects, including but not limited to: snow fencing in areas prone to blowing and drifting snow, and regarding and improved drainage in areas prone to flooding. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 3, 8, 16 General background of item: The Town should develop a list of potential projects that is periodically updated so that a project can easily be paired with grant funding as it becomes available. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Fire and Police, Public Works, Town Planner Potential funding source: Operating Budget Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011 Action Item # 7 Status ? ______________ Conduct a Needs Assessment of privately owned facilities that have regional importance (for example, medical centers and day care centers) Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 8 General background of item: • Use the critical facilities inventory to identify potential mitigation projects for each hazard type. • Once completed, work with private sector to identify and seek resources to mitigate any identified hazards at these critical regional facilities. Responsibility: Fire and Police, Town Manager, BOH Potential funding source: Private, County staff support, grant funding Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011 Action Item # 8 Remove…will be completed through HMP process Conduct a Needs Assessment of mitigation activities that should be undertaken to prepare and protect Brewster's cultural resources from the damaging effects of natural hazards. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 3 General background of item: • First step is to determine what existing protections are already in place for these resources. If assessment identifies a lack of mitigation for cultural resources, specific action items should be developed and included herein in the future. • Actions may include: training for proper storage of cultural artifacts; formation of a Cultural Incident Response Task Force (based on the American Institute for Conservation's model); firefighter training about proper response; purchase of certain equipment to respond to an event in a sensitive building. Responsibility: HDC, Historical Society Potential funding source: Grant funding Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011-12 Action Item #9 Remove…will be completed through HMP process Quantify potential losses by estimating such losses at varying degrees of storm surge, wind and stormwater hazard severity, as well as specific impacts on critical facilities. Hazard designed to mitigate: Wind, Flood Objective intended to help achieve: 8, 11 General background of item: Due to the limits of the Town's GIS systems, this analysis could not be conducted for this plan. As GIS capabilities increase, the ability to develop a building footprint data layer will assist in the estimation of potential losses at varying degrees of storm surge, wind and stormwater hazard severity will be possible. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Town Planner Potential funding source: Operating Budget/Grants Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): Moderate/2012 Action Item #10 Keep…relevant Develop a map indicating hazard sensitive parcels acquired by Brewster Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 1 General background of item: A graphical depiction of past land acquisitions that further hazard mitigation principles has not been created. Most likely this would be a fire hazard map. Responsibility: Director of Natural Resources, Planning Board Potential funding source: Operating Budgets, Grants Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/Ongoing Action Item #11 Keep…relevant Incorporate the inspection and management of hazardous trees/limbs into the Town's routine monitoring process. Hazard designed to mitigate: Wind, Snow & Ice Objective intended to help achieve: 3, 8, 15, 16 General background of item: Brewster's ability to recognize and prevent hazardous tree conditions (through inspection, pruning or removal) is the best defense against problems and damage caused by tree failure (such as property damages, power outages and fires). Specifically, trees located on Town properties which pose immediate threats to property, utility lines and other crucial facilities should be addressed. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Public Works, Police and Fire Potential funding source: Operating Budget, Grants Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/Ongoing Action Item #12 Remove…will be completed through HMP process Monitor the Town's emergency services to identify needs in terms of personnel, equipment and/or required resources. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 4 General background of item: Identified needs or shortfalls should be documented and result in specific recommendations to the Board of Selectmen. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Police and Fire, Health Department Potential funding source: Operating Budget Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/Ongoing Action Item #13 Keep…relevant Review of Ditch Systems and old bogs for preventative maintenance - to increase flood capacity Hazard designed to mitigate: Flood Objective intended to help achieve: 1, 3, 8, 16 General background of item: Review of Considine and Stony Brook Ditch System research done by SEA? Status of culverts, ditches? Clear vegetation in old bogs to allow for increased flood capacity. Find old maps? Mosquito Control Maps? Responsibility: Public Works, Conservation Commission Potential funding source: Grants, Operating Budget Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011 Action Item #14 Remove…will be completed through HMP process Mitigate impacts of blowing/drifting snow. Hazard designed to mitigate: Wind, Snow and Ice Objective intended to help achieve: 1, 7 General background of item: Blowing and drifting snow has caused areas of Brewster to be cut off from emergency services, and require heavy equipment to remove snow. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Police and Fire, Public Works Potential funding source: Operating Budget, grant funding Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011 Action Item #15 Capability Assessment? Town has a 604B grant for improvements Infrastructure - Route 6A at Drummer Boy Park - Drainage study and re-design to eliminate flooding. Hazard designed to mitigate: Flooding Objective intended to help achieve: 1, 8, 16 General background of item: This area tends to flood in heavy rain and is a main east-west road through Brewster. Responsibility: Massachusetts Highway Department Potential funding source: TIP, grant funding Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): Medium/2012 Action Item #16 Completed…remove Infrastructure - Underpass Road - drainage study and redesign to eliminate roadway flooding. Hazard designed to mitigate: Flooding Objective intended to help achieve: 3, 10 General background of item: During prolonged downpours, Underpass Road can flood to the point where it is impassable by passenger vehicles. Responsibility: Public Works Potential funding source: TIP, grant funding Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): Medium/2012 Action Item #17 Ongoing…Capability Assessment Continue to participate in marsh restoration projects to remediate tidally restrictive infrastructure which affects the retention time of floodwaters or impound stormwater. Hazard designed to mitigate: Flood, Fire, Erosion, Sea Level Rise Objective intended to help achieve: 1, 5 General background of item: • Several tidally influenced water bodies and marshes in Brewster are often physically restricted in their ability to exchange water freely during tidal cycles. Reducing or removing these restrictions provides hazard mitigation benefits including increased flood storage capacity and reduced wildfire fuel potential from invasive species growth (i.e., Phragmites) resulting from limited flushing. • Seven sites have been identified by the Cape Cod Atlas of Tidally Restricted Salt Marshes, 2001. Saltmarshes and ponds may also be shared by two or more towns (Marshes - Quivett (Dennis border), Paines Creek, Namskakett (Orleans border). • Recent projects: Route 6A culvert replaced at Stony Brook Road – 2010; Paines Creek culvert to Freemans Pond to be replaced – 2011 *7 listed tidal restricted areas: Sea Street/ Quivett Creek, Cranberry Bog channel off Quivett Creek (Clarke1), Cranberry Bog channel off Quivett (Clarke2), Paine's Creek Road/Freeman's Pond, Route 6A/Stony Brook, Channel off Stony Brook, Cape Cod Rail Trail/Namskaket Creek. Responsibility: Director of Natural Resources, Alewife Committee, Conservation Administrator, adjoining towns Potential funding source: Grants Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): Medium/Ongoing Action Item #18 Ongoing…Capability Assessment (DART Team) Develop and distribute (or obtain from County/State/Feds) education material concerning care of animals during natural hazard emergencies. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 5, 9 General background of item: • Obtain education materials for distribution at local vets offices, Animal Rescue League of Boston (ARL), Town Clerk's office (and also given out with annual dog licenses), Board of Health (and given out with annual barn permits), pet store, feed stores, local animal groups, schools • Humane Society (HSUS) has a complete training program relative to care and treatment of animals during natural hazard emergencies Responsibility: BOH, Town Clerk, ARL, HSUS, County agencies Potential funding source: Grant funding, public service donations from private sector Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011 Action Item #19 Keep…relevant Develop a program to train emergency responders and residents in management of domestic animals, horses, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, birds, as well as wild animals, during emergencies such as flood, fires, winds, etc.. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 4, 5, 13 General background of item: The Cape Cod Cooperative Extension (4-H), Humane Society, The Brewster Animal Rescue League and the MSPCA, Wildcare, Carapace and other such organizations have training capabilities, as well as videos and educational material. Residents (owners) as well as responders need to be trained in dealing with animals in such emergencies. Responsibility: Health Agent, Director of Natural Resources, Conservation Administrator, Animal Control Officer Potential funding source: Operating Budget, grants Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/Ongoing Action Item #20 Keep…relevant Conduct an educational workshop for coastal and riverfront landowners and contractors on hazard mitigation. Hazard designed to mitigate: Flood, Wind, Erosion, Sea Level Rise Objective intended to help achieve: 1, 9, 12, 13, 14 General background of item: Development pressure continues as dwellings are razed and reconstructed in hazard prone areas. The workshop would be an opportunity to educate the public and the building community. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Town Planner, Building Department, Conservation Commission Potential funding source: Operating Budget/Grant Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011 Action Item #21 Status? _________________ Supply educational materials on preparedness/mitigation for property owners, for display and distribution at Town Hall, Brewster Ladies’ Library, Council on Aging Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 5, 9, 12, 13, 14 General background of item: Some information currently exists, but needs to be updated and available in more locations. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Conservation, Health, Police and Fire, Library Potential funding source: Operating budget Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011 Action Item #22 Keep…relevant Annually host a public hazards display for the residents of Brewster, in combination with the "Brewster in Bloom" festival or another appropriate community event. Ensure that such a display will also be hosted during the summer months, when part-time residents are in Town. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 3, 9, 12, 13, 14 General background of item: A hazard display for Town residents and part- time residents should be added to established community event(s) drawing large crowds. The display(s) should be geared toward educating people on the hazards which threaten Brewster and the mitigation and preparedness measures available to protect them. Educational displays/ handouts should be provided such as Flood Insurance Rate Maps, storm surge inundation maps, FEMA publications, hurricane tracking charts, safety tips, animal/pet protection and preparedness measures, etc. Responsibility: Planning Board/Building Commissioner, Public Works, Fire and Police Potential funding source: Operating Budget, Grants Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): Moderate/2012 Action Item # 23 Status? _____________________ Incorporate natural hazard mitigation and best-planning practices into Brewster's planning work. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 1, 14 General background of item: • Adopt Minimum Performance Standards Relevant for hazard mitigation • Incorporate it into all planning initiative and projects • Encourage development bylaws that are intended to keep new development out of high hazard areas • Create a hazard-based District of Critical Planning Concern Responsibility: Planning Board, Building Department, Board of Health, Board of Selectmen, Public Works Potential funding source: None Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/Ongoing Action Item #24 Status? ___________________ Participate in Cape Cod Cooperative Extension's Wildfire Assessment and Preparedness Program. Hazard designed to mitigate: Fire Objective intended to help achieve: 3, 5, 8, 9 General background of item: The Town owned parcels of conservation and recreation lands with proximity to residentially developed areas are potential sources of wildfires in areas. Review and refine the designated wildfire risk areas shown on the Wildfire Hazard (Map 4) and work towards appropriate wildland/urban interface (WUI) boundary designations. Work with County for coordination with Regional Community Wildfire Protection Plan (RCWPP), utilizing appropriate wildland/urban interface fire hazard assessment methodology. Work with Cape Cod Cooperative Extension to obtain necessary information and measures/steps that homeowners can take to reduce structural ignitability in at-risk areas. Use County assistance in analysis of fuel- reduction needs along evacuation routes and To provide mitigation recommendations of high-risk areas, and provide matching grant funds for mitigation of evacuation route hazards. Work with Cape Cod Cooperative Extension Natural Resources Section - Forester/ Community Wildfire Protection Coordinator, for assistance with wildland/open space assessments/management plans, for help to implement risk mitigation recommendations and preparedness plans. Conservation Commission needs to become more involved in Wildfire Protection Program Responsibility: Fire Department, Director of Natural Resources, Conservation Commission, Planning, Cape Cod Cooperative Extension Service Potential funding source: County budget, grant funding Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/Ongoing Action Item #25 Status? ___________________ Establish a Memorandum of Agreement/ Understanding with the Town of Harwich, and other adjacent towns, regarding the coordinated opening of storm shelters and to ensure adequate shelter capacity for the area. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 4, 5 General background of item: Shelter space has been adequate in the past but there is risk of overburdening the shelters in the future due to the regional nature of their use. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Emergency Management Potential funding source: None needed Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/ 2011 Action Item #26 Status? ___________________ Coordination with Nickerson State Park (NSP), Towns of Orleans (Baker's Pond), Harwich and Harwich Water Department (Punkhorn Parklands) and Dennis and Dennis Water Department (Punkhorn Parklands and Ellis Farm) on fuel reduction programs and response. Hazard designed to mitigate: Fire Objective intended to help achieve: 3, 5, 8 General background of item: The Nickerson State Park encompasses over 1,000 acres within Brewster. Town is responsible for NSP. Orleans, Harwich and Dennis - Mutual Aid Agreement in place - required county-wide by law. Fire breaks at Town lines. Responsibility: Fire Department Potential funding source: Operating Budget Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/Ongoing Action Item #27 Completed…remove Provide remote access for Channel 18 (Brewster television station). Hazard designed to mitigate: Wind, Snow and Ice Objective intended to help achieve: 9, 12 General background of item: During a storm event, it allows the Station Manager to update public service announcements and emergency instructions without having to be at the station (which is not accessible in a blizzard, for example). Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Station Manager, Cable Provider Potential funding source: Operating Budget/Grants Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011 Action Item #28 Remove…will be completed through HMP process Identify and seek public funding and private sector funding for residents, businesses, and the Town of Brewster that will allow the implementation of sound hazard mitigation measures. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 2, 5, 7, 16 General background of item: Work with Cape Cod Commission to identify and seek planning funds and ensure coordination with existing and FEMA-certified plans in region. Responsibility: Various departments, Asst. Town Manager Potential funding source: MEMAs Hazard Mitigation Grant Program funds FEMA Pre-Disaster Mitigation program annual funds. Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible Medium/ongoing activity City of Providence Hazard Mitigation Plan Update The Town of Brewster is currently developing a Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan. This plan is important because it helps the Town plan and receive funding for projects that reduce the risk of injury or damage to property from future natural hazard events such as flooding and hurricanes. We need your help as we gather information for the plan. The information you provide in this survey will help us coordinate activities and identify projects. The survey should take less than 10 minutes to complete and responses will remain anonymous. The Brewster Local Hazard Mitigation Committee thanks you for taking the time to participate in this information-gathering process. 1. Which of the following hazard events have you or has anyone in your household and/or business experienced in the past 20 years within the Town of Brewster? (Check all that apply) Flood-Related Hazards (Riverine/Flash Flooding, Inland/Urban Flooding, Storm Surge, Coastal Erosion) Winter-Related Hazards (Blizzards, Heavy Snow) Wind-Related Hazards (Tornadoes, High Winds, Lightning/Thunderstorms, Hail) Geologic-Related Hazards (Earthquakes) Fire-Related Hazard (Urban/Wildfire) Hurricane-Related Hazard Temperature-Related Hazard (Extreme Heat, Drought, Extreme Cold) 2. In your opinion, how prepared is your household and/or business to deal with a natural hazard event? Not at all Somewhat Adequately Well Very Well Not Sure 3. Which of the following have provided you with useful information to help you prepare for a hazard event? (Check all that apply) Attended meetings about disaster preparedness Personal experience with one or more natural hazards/disasters Local news/social media Civic organizations 4. How concerned are you about the following hazards in the Town of Brewster? (Check one response for each hazard) Not Concerned Concerned Very Concerned Flood-Related Hazards Winter-Related Hazards Wind-Related Hazards Geologic-Related Hazards Fire-Related Hazard Hurricane-Related Hazard Temperature-Related Hazard Climate Change Projections 5. Which of the following steps has your household and/or business taken to prepare for a hazard event? (Check all that apply) Made a fire escape plan Designated a meeting place Identified utility shut-offs Stored sand bags Prepared a disaster supply kit Installed smoke detectors on each level of the house Stored food/water/batteries Prepared a medical supply kit Purchased natural hazard insurance Purchased/Learned how to program a NOAA Weather Radio 6. In your opinion, which of the following methods do you think are most effective for providing hazard and disaster information? (Check all that apply) Radio ads Internet Social Media/Cell phone apps. Fire/Rescue Department Academic Institutions Public Library Telephone Book Informational Brochures Public Meetings/Workshops Auto-Dial Information (Code Ready or similar) Community Information/Training Sessions 7. Is your property located in or near a FEMA designated floodplain? Yes No Not Sure 8. Do you have flood insurance? Yes No Not Sure 9. Do you have any special access or functional needs within your household and/or business that would require early warning or specialized response during disasters? Yes No 10. Are you interested in making your home, business or neighborhood more resistant to hazards? Yes No Not Sure 11. Would you be willing to spend your own money on your current home and/or busine ss to help protect it from impacts of potential future natural disasters within the community? Examples could include: Elevating a flood-prone home; Elevating utilities in flood-prone basements; Strengthening your roof, siding, doors, or windows to withstand high winds; Removing trees/low branches. Yes No Not Sure 12. In your opinion, what types of projects do you believe local, county, state or federal government agencies could be doing to reduce the damage and disruption of natural disasters in Brewster? (Select your top three choices) Retrofit/Strengthen essential public facilities such as police, fire/emergency, schools Retrofit public infrastructure, such as elevating roadways and improving drainage systems Work to improve utilities resiliency (electric, communications, water/wastewater facilities) Install/improve protective structures (floodwalls) Replace inadequate/vulnerable bridges Strengthen codes/ordinances to require higher hazard risk management standards and/or provide greater control over development in high hazard areas Buy out flood prone properties and maintain as open space Inform property owners of ways they can reduce the damage caused by natural events Provide better information about hazard risks and high hazard areas Assist vulnerable property owners with securing funding to make their properties more resilient 13. In your opinion, has the Town done enough to prepare for the projected future impacts of climate change? Yes No Not Sure 14. Additional comments? Name Email Address Don Labonte Resident/CERT Donna Kalinick Assistant Town Administrator Patrick Ellis DPW Superintendent Paul Anderson Water Department Superintendent Chris Miller Natural Resources Director Victor Staley Building Commissioner Heath Eldredge Police Chief Ryan Bennett Town Planner Craig Pereira Project Manager - HWG Will Keefer Planner - HWG Town of Brewster, MA Town Hall Room C March 12, 2020 1:00 PM - 3:00 PM Local Hazard Mitigation Committee Meeting #1 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup Meeting #2: July 15, 2020 Brewster Hazard Mitigation Plan Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup Meeting #2 Zoom (Virtual) Meeting July 15, 2020 2:00 PM – 3:00 PM Agenda 1. Project Update a. Municipal Interviews…outstanding b. Community Survey…confirmation/post to project webpage c. Proposed Plan layout…confirmation d. Project Schedule…updated e. Project Webpage…Planning Dept. webpage f. 2016 Mitigation Actions…still relevant? g. Human-Caused/Technological hazards? h. Grant Extension…coordinate with MEMA 2. Mapping a. Coordination with CCC i. Primary POC? ii. SOW? b. Maps to be developed i. Location Map ii. Flood Hazard Areas Map (HW completed for MVP) iii. Earthquakes/Landslides Map iv. Hurricanes/Tornadoes Map v. Average Annual Snowfall Map vi. Critical Facilities (HW completed for MVP) 1. Confirmation of data set? vii. Traffic Control Points/Evacuation Map viii. Others (will need to complete for Economic Vulnerability Analyses) 1. Sea Level Rise…HW completed for MVP project, only 3-foot rise (1, 5, 7-foot?) 2. Hurricane Surge Inundation (HW completed for MVP) 3. Shoreline Change Map c. Parcel shapefile received…need CAMA export with unique identifier for merge d. NFIP Data…Ryan to follow up with Garrett Fish 3. Hazard Index a. Dams data i. Lower Mill Pond Dam b. Wildfire/Urban Fire i. Chief to run export of brushfires c. Tidal Restrictions i. Site BR-4 Paine’s Creek Road Reconstruction of Channel into Freeman’s Pond…proposed completion 2011…completed? d. Invasive species i. Current list impacting Brewster ii. Agency/Organization coordination? e. Development trends i. Residential and commercial development proposals, last 5 – 10 years? 1. Name/Location/No. of units/Status 4. FEMA Disaster grant assistance a. Date/Disaster No./Total amount/Purpose 5. ECEMP…need copy to incorporate into Capability Assessment 6. Agenda/Logistics for Public Workshop #1 a. Date/Time/Venue (early September) b. Agenda i. Overview ii. Why Hazard Mitigation Planning 1. Mitigation Process 2. Mitigation Goals 3. Mitigation Actions iii. January 2016 Mitigation Actions/MVP Priority Actions iv. Questions/Comments c. Online Survey kickoff Memorandum of Meeting To: Brewster Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup (LHMW) From: Craig Pereira Date: July 15, 2020 Re: Brewster Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) Development In attendance: Donna Kalinick – Assistant Town Administrator Patrick Ellis – DPW Superintendent Paul Anderson – Water Department Superintendent Chris Miller – Natural Resources Director Victor Staley – Building Commissioner Heath Eldredge – Police Chief Amy von Hone – Health Director Robert Moran – Fire Chief Pat Hughes – Coastal Committee Ryan Bennett – Town Planner Consultant Team Craig Pereira, Project Manager - Horsley Witten Group, Inc. (HW) 1. Project Update a. Municipal Interviews. Craig asked that all LHMW members complete the Municipal Interview questions (attached). b. Community Survey. Craig asked that all LHMW members review the survey and provide comment (attached). c. Proposed Plan Layout. Craig asked that all LHMW members review and provide comment (attached). d. Project Schedule. Craig updated the schedule (attached) due to delays from the pandemic. As of now, the goal is still to make the December 2020 deliverable to MEMA. e. Project webpage is up and running on Planning Department’s page. f. 2016 Draft Mitigation Actions. Craig reviewed the status of the outstanding actions…these will be a focus for the Public Workshop. g. Human-Caused/Technological Hazards. Craig asked if the LHMW was still interested in expanding the Plan update to include human-caused and technological hazards. Craig stated that the RFP and HW’s proposal/contract is for a ‘Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan’, however, this could be expanded to include human-caused and technological hazards without a contract amendment. Craig requested the LHMW work with him to accomplish this, particularly around developing the Hazard Index (frequency/severity/geographic range). Historical data maybe limited, so utilizing the state’s Index as a starting point may be feasible, then tailoring it to be Horsley Witten Group July 15, 2020 2 more Brewster-specific. Craig will initiate this effort with Ryan as a starting point. LHMW members commented the Town is working with HW on a water cyber security project and has completed SOPs for ‘Active Shooter’ incidents. Craig to coordinate with HW and Kathy Lambert. h. Grant Extension. Craig will continue to reach out to MEMA…coordination has been challenging with MEMA personnel activated due to the pandemic. 2. Mapping a. Cape Cod Commission coordination. The Town has coordinated with the Cape Cod Commission to provide the required mapping for the hazard mitigation plan. i. Maps that will be needed as per FEMA requirements include: 1. Location Map 2. Flood Hazard Area Map…HW developed as part of the MVP project, need to overlay onto parcels shapefile for Vulnerability Analyses (infrastructure and economic). 3. Earthquakes/Landslides Map 4. Hurricanes/Tornadoes Map 5. Average Annual Snowfall Map 6. Critical Facilities…HW developed as part of the MVP project, need to confirm with LHMW. Craig to provide to LHMW (attached). 7. Traffic Control Points/Evacuation Map ii. Primary point of contact at CCC…Ann Reynolds/Gary Promm? Ryan to follow up. iii. Scope of Work with CCC? Ryan to follow up. iv. Other maps needed by Craig to conduct climate change impacts/vulnerability analyses include: 1. Sea Level Rise…HW developed as part of the MVP project, only 3- foot rise scenario included…expand to include 1, 5, 7-foot? LHMW stated a Town project also looked at +2, +4, +8- and +10-foot rise. Craig to review. 2. Hurricane Surge Inundation…HW developed as part of the MVP project. 3. Shoreline Change Maps b. Parcel Shapefile. The Parcel shapefile received from the Town works, although the data included (attribute table is limited). Craig will request a new CAMA data export form the Assessor and merge with the Parcel shapefile. 3. NFIP data coordination. Ryan has made the initial request for severe repetitive flood loss data, however, has not received anything to date. Ryan to follow up with Garrett Fish. 4. Hazard Index. a. Dams information. Lower Mill Pond Dam is the only dam in Town. Chris Miller to provide updated information/inspection report. b. Wildfire/Urban Fire. Chief Moran provided data on wildfire (Barnstable County Wildfire Preparedness Plan) and has also forwarded an export of brushfires from their database. c. Tidal Restrictions projects. Craig asked if Site BR-4 Paine’s Creek Reconstruction of Channel into Freeman’s Pond was completed. LHMW stated yes, it is completed…Craig to move to Capability Section of the Plan. Chris Miller to provide date/year completed. July 15, 2020 3 i. Another project inter-related includes: A joint project for culvert replacement to Freeman’s Pond is underway by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), DEM, Orleans and Brewster local officials, the state Wetlands Restoration Program, and MA Coastal Zone Management. A feasibility study, and cost estimates for materials and services have been completed. A grant is expected to cover the engineering and the majority of the construction costs. The project was expected to be completed in late 2011. Chris Miller to provide status update. d. Invasive Species. Craig requested a current list (common and scientific name) of species currently impacting Brewster, as well as any work completed/ongoing with various local/regional/state agencies/organizations. LHMW stated this varies, perhaps a statewide list could be provided, then LHMW check off ones impacting Brewster. Craig to provide list to LHMW. e. Development trends. Craig asked for a list of residential and commercial projects over the past 5 – 10 years that were either approved and built, or in the que for construction to understand whether projects are avoiding hazard areas. Ryan with work with the Building Department on this (Name/Location/No. of units or SF/Status). 5. FEMA Disaster Grant Assistance. Craig asked for a list of grant received by the Town over the past 5 – 10 years (Date/Disaster No./Total amount of funds/Purpose). Chief Moran will provide this. 6. Agenda/Logistics for Public Workshop #1. Craig and Ryan spoke several weeks ago with a target date of early September for the first Public Workshop. In-person meetings continue to be on-hold through August…there is a Town meeting scheduled for September 15, 2020 which may be the first in-person meeting for the Town. Craig commented that this kickoff meeting is predominantly informational…providing a baseline of information to move forward with, and a short Q & A session at the end, so a virtual meeting could be utilized. Ryan asked that there be more discussion on potential alternatives with Craig. Craig commented that pushing the Public Workshop beyond September would negatively impact the updated schedule. Follow Up Items: - Ryan Bennett o Coordinate with Cape Cod Commission to determine Primary point of contact and scope of work for mapping. o Coordinate confirmation on Critical Facilities list. o Continue to reach out to Garrett Fish regarding NFIP coordination/severe repetitive flood loss properties. o Coordinate with Building Department for list of residential and commercial development projects last 5 – 10 years…name/type/location/no. of units or SF/status. o Coordinate with Craig on initiating the human-caused and technological hazards incorporation…coordinate with Kathy Lambert. o Coordinate with Craig on logistics for Public Workshop #1. - Chris Miller o Provide information/last inspection report for Lower Mill Pond Dam to Craig. o Provide status on addition Tidal Restriction project listed above, and date/year Site BR-4 was completed. o Provide list of invasive species impacting Brewster, from state list provided by Craig. - Chief Moran July 15, 2020 4 o Provide list of FEMA Disaster Grant Assistance the Town has received last 10 years…date/disaster no./amount/purpose. - All LHMW Members o Complete the municipal interview and return to Craig by July 29, 2020. o Review the Community Survey and provide feedback/requested revisions by July 29, 2020. o Review the proposed plan layout and provide feedback/requested revisions by July 29, 2020. o Any plans/studies/reports not publicly available post to HW’s FTP site: - Go to http:www.horsleywitten.com - On the lower right-hand side of the webpage, click on ‘Click here to send us your large files’ - Enter your email address - Enter recipient at HW (Craig Pereira) - Password is StormWater (case sensitive) - Browse the files you would like to send - Click on ‘Send this File’ PROJECT SCHEDULE HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN DEVELOPMENT Task 1: Convene and Coordinate with the LHMC, Conduct Outreach, Document Planning Process March 2, 2020 – September 11, 2020 Meeting #1 – Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup March 12, 2020 - Project Webpage (Municipal Website) - Data Collection Coordination with Town Departments/Personnel Week of April 6, 2020 Public Workshop #1 Week of September 7, 2020 Task 2: Risk Assessment May 4, 2020 – July 31, 2020 - Hazard Identification - Hazard Event Profiles Task 3: GIS Mapping May 18, 2020 – August 28, 2020 - Coordination with Cape Cod Commission Task 4: Hazard Vulnerability Assessment August 31, 2020 – September 25, 2020 - Risk Assessment/Loss Estimation Meeting #2 – Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup July 15, 2020 Task 5: Develop Goals and Objectives September 28, 2020 – October 23, 2020 - Mitigation Recommendations - Review Goals and Objectives Task 6: Analyze Existing/Research New Strategies September 28, 2020 – October 23, 2020 - Plans, Policies and Problems Examination - Identification of Resources Task 7: Develop Comprehensive Range of Actions and Projects September 28, 2020 – October 23, 2020 Meeting #3 – Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup Week of October 19, 2020 - Refine Goals and Objectives - Cost Benefit Review/Prioritization Task 8: Update Plan Maintenance/Implementation October 26, 2020 – October 30, 2020 - Mitigation Action Plan Task 9: Review, Revision, Approval and Adoption of Plan October 26, 2020 – November 27, 2020 Meeting #4 - Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup Week of November 2, 2020 Public Comment Period November 9, 2020 – November 27, 30, 2020 Public Workshop #2/Public Hearing Week of November 23, 2020 Final Deliverable to MEMA Friday, December 1, 2020 1 Brewster Hazard Mitigation Plan (proposed layout) Section 1: Introduction Overview - Hazard mitigation planning in general What Hazard Mitigation Can do for Brewster - Benefits of hazard mitigation planning Brewster Goals - TBD…consolidated to be over-arching Planning Process - Overview of approach/process of the project o Local Hazard Mitigation Committee Meetings o Public Workshops o Municipal Interviews o Survey Environmental Setting - Geographic location - History - Government Structure History of Disaster Declarations - Federal Emergency and Major Disaster Declarations for the County Recent Disaster Declarations - Recent (2011 – forward) Federal Emergency and Major Disaster Declarations for the County Section 2: Risk Assessment Introduction - Which hazards merit special attention - What actions might be taken to reduce the impact(s) of those hazards - What resources are likely to be needed Hazard Identification - Required to evaluate all hazards identified in the State Plan…anticipated list: o Riverine/Flash Flooding o Heavy Rain/Inland and Urban Flooding o Climate Change o Sea Level Rise o Dam Failure o Coastal Erosion/Shoreline Change o Coastal Flooding o Blizzards/Heavy Snow/Winter Weather/Nor’easters o Ice Storms o Extreme Cold o Hurricanes o Tornadoes/High Winds o Lightning/Thunderstorms 2 o Hail o Earthquakes/Landslides o Drought o Extreme Heat o Urban Fire/Wildfires o Invasive Species - Likely not to be addressed: o Avalanche o Expansive Soils o Land Subsidence o Volcanoes o Tsunamis Hazard Profiles - Review of NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/) ‘Storm Events’ database and develop tables based on hazard type, date, level/description and damages to develop a Hazard Index. o Flood Related o Winter Related o Wind Related o Geologic Related o Drought Related o Urban Fire/Wildfire Related o Invasive Species Related - Evaluate the location/history/probability of future occurrence of hazards Criteria for Frequency Categorization: Very low frequency: events that occur less frequently than once in 1,000 years (less than 0.1% per year). Low frequency: events that occur from once in 100 years to once in 1,000 years (0.1% to 1% per year). Medium frequency: events that occur from once in 10 years to once in 100 years (1% to 10% per year). High frequency: events that occur more frequently than once in 10 years (greater than 10% per year). Criteria for Severity Categorization (based on past hazard events): Minor: Limited and scattered property damage; no damage to public infrastructure; contained geographic area; essential services not interrupted; no injuries or fatalities. Serious: Scattered major property damage; some minor infrastructure damage; wider geographic area; essential services are briefly interrupted; some injuries/fatalities. Extensive: Consistent major property damage; major damage to public infrastructure; essential services are interrupted for several hours to several days; many injuries and fatalities. 3 Catastrophic: Property and public infrastructure destroyed; essential services stopped; thousands of injuries and fatalities. - Mapping will also be developed o Critical Facilities o FEMA Flood Zones o Snowfall, Hurricane paths, storm surge, etc. Vulnerability - Evaluates vulnerability of built environment, social and environment. Development Trends o Changes over time, future development plans (residential/commercial/industrial) Economic Vulnerability o Impacts of FEMA flood zones (Economic by land use type, land/building values) Social Vulnerability o Impacts to built/natural environment and that relationship to the social structure of the community o Infrastructure/Emergency lifelines o Evacuation/Populations at risk Environmental Vulnerability FEMA Disaster Grant Assistance - Has the Town received any financial assistance from MEMA/FEMA? Section 3: Capability Assessment Introduction - Documents local, state and federal department, agency and program capabilities in terms of pre and post-disaster activities Planning/Regulatory Capabilities - Planning documents - Regulations/Bylaws - Building Code Administrative Capabilities - Emergency Management Plan o Emergency Operations Center/Shelter - Municipal Website - Coordination with Neighboring Communities - Municipal Structure/Staff Financial Capabilities - Federal/State Grant Opportunities National Flood Insurance Program - NFIP/Compliance with NFIP 4 Existing Protection Matrix - Summary of all above Section 4: Mitigation Strategy Introduction Mitigation Activities - Requires an action for every vulnerability identified in the plan Mitigation Action Plan - Categories o Public Education and Awareness o Property Protection o Natural Resource Protection o Structural Projects o Emergency Services o Planning and Prevention - Time Frame o Short Term = 0 to 6 Months o Medium Term = 6 to 18 Months o Long Term = 18 Months to 5 Years - Cost Estimate o Staff Time – municipal personnel time o Minimal – less than $5,000 o Moderate – more than $5,000, but less than $25,000 o Significant – over $25,000 - Prioritization of Actions (abbreviated Benefit/Cost Analysis) STAPLEE Criteria o Social: Is the action compatible with present and future local community needs and values? o Technical: Is the action feasible with available local resources (or as supplement by outside resources as necessary)? o Administrative: Does the community have the administrative capacity to implement the action? o Political: Is there strong public support to implement and maintain the action? o Legal: Does the community have the legal authority to implement the action? o Economic: Is the action cost-effective? o Environmental: Does the action impact environmental resources, and is the impact positive, negative, or neutral? - Action Description o Action Type: o Priority Score: o Lead: o Supporting: o Time Frame: o Financing Options: 5 o Cost Estimate: o Benefit: o Vulnerable Area: Section 5: Plan Implementation/Maintenance Implementation/Evaluation/Revision - Implementation o Following municipal adoption - Evaluation o Annually - Revision o Every 5 years/after a major event Continued Public Involvement - Posted on Town’s website - Annual Town Meeting City of Providence Hazard Mitigation Plan Update The Town of Brewster is currently developing a Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan. This plan is important because it helps the Town plan and receive funding for projects that reduce the risk of injury or damage to property from future natural hazard events such as flooding and hurricanes. This Hazard Mitigation Plan will build on some of the work already completed by the Town including the Brewster Coastal Adaptation Strategy (September 2016), Town of Brewster Vision Plan (2018), the Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan (2019), and the Municipal Vulnerability Preparedness Plan (2019). We need your help as we gather information for the plan. The information you provide in this survey will help us coordinate activities and identify projects. The survey should take less than 10 minutes to complete and responses will remain anonymous. The Brewster Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup thanks you for taking the time to participate in this information-gathering process. 1. Which of the following hazard events have you or has anyone in your household and/or business experienced in the past 20 years within the Town of Brewster? (Check all that apply) Flood-Related Hazards (Riverine/Flash Flooding, Inland/Urban Flooding, Storm Surge, Coastal Erosion) Winter-Related Hazards (Blizzards, Heavy Snow) Wind-Related Hazards (Tornadoes, High Winds, Lightning/Thunderstorms, Hail) Geologic-Related Hazards (Earthquakes) Fire-Related Hazard (Urban/Wildfire) Hurricane-Related Hazard Temperature-Related Hazard (Extreme Heat, Drought, Extreme Cold) Invasive Species-Related Hazard 2. Which of the following have provided you with useful information to help you prepare for a hazard event? (Check all that apply) Attended meetings about disaster preparedness Personal experience with one or more natural hazards/disasters Local news/social media Civic organizations 3. Which of the following steps has your household and/or business taken to prepare for a hazard event? (Check all that apply) Made a fire escape plan Designated a meeting place Identified utility shut-offs Stored sand bags Prepared a disaster supply kit Installed smoke detectors on each level of the house Stored food/water/batteries Prepared a medical supply kit Purchased natural hazard insurance Purchased/Learned how to program a NOAA Weather Radio 4. In your opinion, how prepared is your household and/or business to deal with a natural hazard event? Not at all Somewhat Adequately Well Very Well Not Sure 5. Is your property located in or near a FEMA designated floodplain? Yes No Not Sure 6. Do you have flood insurance? Yes No Not Sure 7. How concerned are you about the following hazards in the Town of Brewster? (Check one response for each hazard) Not Concerned Concerned Very Concerned Flood-Related Hazards Winter-Related Hazards Wind-Related Hazards Geologic-Related Hazards Fire-Related Hazard Hurricane-Related Hazard Temperature-Related Hazard Climate Change Projections 8. In your opinion, which of the following methods do you think are most effective for providing hazard and disaster information? (Check all that apply) Radio ads Internet Social Media/Cell phone apps. Fire/Rescue Department Academic Institutions Public Library Telephone Book Informational Brochures Public Meetings/Workshops Auto-Dial Information (Code Ready or similar) Community Information/Training Sessions 9. Do you have any special access or functional needs within your household and/or business that would require early warning or specialized response during disasters? Yes No 10. Are you interested in making your home, business or neighborhood more resistant to hazards? Yes No Not Sure 11. Would you be willing to spend your own money on your current home and/or business to help protect it from impacts of potential future natural disasters within the community? Examples could include: Elevating a flood-prone home; Elevating utilities in flood-prone basements; Strengthening your roof, siding, doors, or windows to withstand high winds; Removing trees/low branches. Yes No Not Sure 12. In your opinion, what types of projects do you believe local, county, state or federal government agencies could be doing to reduce the damage and disruption of natural disasters in Brewster? (Select your top three choices) Retrofit/Strengthen essential public facilities such as police, fire/emergency, schools Retrofit public infrastructure, such as elevating roadways and improving drainage systems Work to improve utilities resiliency (electric, communications, water/wastewater facilities) Install/improve protective structures (floodwalls) Replace inadequate/vulnerable bridges Strengthen codes/ordinances to require higher hazard risk management standards and/or provide greater control over development in high hazard areas Buy out flood prone properties and maintain as open space Inform property owners of ways they can reduce the damage caused by natural events Provide better information about hazard risks and high hazard areas Assist vulnerable property owners with securing funding to make their properties more resilient 13. In your opinion, has the Town done enough to prepare for the projected future impacts of climate change? Yes No Not Sure 14. Additional comments? 2016 Proposed Mitigation Actions - Updated following the LHMW Meeting #1 Action Item #1 Remove…established Create a standing Multi-hazard Mitigation Committee Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 2, 5 General background of item: Bring together representatives of public safety, public works, conservation, health and others to share information on areas concerning pre- disaster mitigation and keep an open dialogue on areas of concern and potential mitigation between departments and with adjoining towns. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Planning Department, Board of Selectmen Potential funding source: Operating budget Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): Moderate/2011 Action Item #2 Status ? 2018 Join the NFIP's Community Rating System (CRS) Hazard designed to mitigate: Flood Objective intended to help achieve: 1, 3, 9 General background of item: Acquiring certification in CRS requires completion of a detailed application and certification process. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Planning Department, Building Department Potential funding source: Operating budget Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011 Action Item #3 Keep? Capability Assessment if ongoing. Currently working with CCC Increase protection of the floodplain by amending the current Floodplain District By- law. Hazard designed to mitigate: Flood Objective intended to help achieve: 1 General background of item: Develop and adopt amendments to the floodplain by-law in the Brewster Zoning By-law. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Planning Department, Planning Board Potential funding source: Operating budget Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/May 2011 Action Item #4 Ongoing…Town establishing an enhanced permit software program Use the Town's evolving Geographic Information System (GIS) to maintain current building and parcel data for the purpose of conducting more detailed hazard risk assessments and for tracking permitting/ land use. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 1, 2, 9, 13 General background of item: A GIS system coordinated between several Town departments will allow for the ability to collect, collect, manage, analyze and display spatially referenced data to further hazard mitigation goals. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Planning Department, IT Director, Water Department, Assessing Department, Conservation Department Potential funding source: Operating budget, capital budget, grants Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/Ongoing Action Item #5 Remove…will be completed through HMP process Conduct a thorough investigation of the Town's most at-risk locations identified in the Vulnerability Analysis and evaluate potential mitigation techniques for protecting each location to the maximum extent possible. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 2, 8, 11, 13, 15 General background of item: An inventory of the Town's critical facilities should be created and maintained by the Town and include information on the risk to each location and possible mitigation measures. Non- town-owned at-risk locations should also be inventoried. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Public Works, Fire and Police, Conservation, Building Department Potential funding source: Town Meeting, Grants Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011 Action Item #6 Remove…will be completed through HMP process Develop a list of mitigation projects, including but not limited to: snow fencing in areas prone to blowing and drifting snow, and regarding and improved drainage in areas prone to flooding. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 3, 8, 16 General background of item: The Town should develop a list of potential projects that is periodically updated so that a project can easily be paired with grant funding as it becomes available. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Fire and Police, Public Works, Town Planner Potential funding source: Operating Budget Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011 Action Item # 7 Status ? _keep_____________ Conduct a Needs Assessment of privately owned facilities that have regional importance (for example, medical centers and day care centers) Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 8 General background of item: • Use the critical facilities inventory to identify potential mitigation projects for each hazard type. • Once completed, work with private sector to identify and seek resources to mitigate any identified hazards at these critical regional facilities. Responsibility: Fire and Police, Town Manager, BOH Potential funding source: Private, County staff support, grant funding Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011 Action Item # 8 Remove…will be completed through HMP process Conduct a Needs Assessment of mitigation activities that should be undertaken to prepare and protect Brewster's cultural resources from the damaging effects of natural hazards. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 3 General background of item: • First step is to determine what existing protections are already in place for these resources. If assessment identifies a lack of mitigation for cultural resources, specific action items should be developed and included herein in the future. • Actions may include: training for proper storage of cultural artifacts; formation of a Cultural Incident Response Task Force (based on the American Institute for Conservation's model); firefighter training about proper response; purchase of certain equipment to respond to an event in a sensitive building. Responsibility: HDC, Historical Society Potential funding source: Grant funding Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011-12 Action Item #9 Remove…will be completed through HMP process Quantify potential losses by estimating such losses at varying degrees of storm surge, wind and stormwater hazard severity, as well as specific impacts on critical facilities. Hazard designed to mitigate: Wind, Flood Objective intended to help achieve: 8, 11 General background of item: Due to the limits of the Town's GIS systems, this analysis could not be conducted for this plan. As GIS capabilities increase, the ability to develop a building footprint data layer will assist in the estimation of potential losses at varying degrees of storm surge, wind and stormwater hazard severity will be possible. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Town Planner Potential funding source: Operating Budget/Grants Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): Moderate/2012 Action Item #10 Keep…relevant Develop a map indicating hazard sensitive parcels acquired by Brewster Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 1 General background of item: A graphical depiction of past land acquisitions that further hazard mitigation principles has not been created. Most likely this would be a fire hazard map. Responsibility: Director of Natural Resources, Planning Board Potential funding source: Operating Budgets, Grants Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/Ongoing Action Item #11 Keep…relevant Incorporate the inspection and management of hazardous trees/limbs into the Town's routine monitoring process. Hazard designed to mitigate: Wind, Snow & Ice Objective intended to help achieve: 3, 8, 15, 16 General background of item: Brewster's ability to recognize and prevent hazardous tree conditions (through inspection, pruning or removal) is the best defense against problems and damage caused by tree failure (such as property damages, power outages and fires). Specifically, trees located on Town properties which pose immediate threats to property, utility lines and other crucial facilities should be addressed. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Public Works, Police and Fire Potential funding source: Operating Budget, Grants Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/Ongoing Action Item #12 Remove…will be completed through HMP process Monitor the Town's emergency services to identify needs in terms of personnel, equipment and/or required resources. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 4 General background of item: Identified needs or shortfalls should be documented and result in specific recommendations to the Board of Selectmen. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Police and Fire, Health Department Potential funding source: Operating Budget Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/Ongoing Action Item #13 Keep…relevant Review of Ditch Systems and old bogs for preventative maintenance - to increase flood capacity Hazard designed to mitigate: Flood Objective intended to help achieve: 1, 3, 8, 16 General background of item: Review of Considine and Stony Brook Ditch System research done by SEA? Status of culverts, ditches? Clear vegetation in old bogs to allow for increased flood capacity. Find old maps? Mosquito Control Maps? Responsibility: Public Works, Conservation Commission Potential funding source: Grants, Operating Budget Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011 Action Item #14 Remove…will be completed through HMP process Mitigate impacts of blowing/drifting snow. Hazard designed to mitigate: Wind, Snow and Ice Objective intended to help achieve: 1, 7 General background of item: Blowing and drifting snow has caused areas of Brewster to be cut off from emergency services, and require heavy equipment to remove snow. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Police and Fire, Public Works Potential funding source: Operating Budget, grant funding Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011 Action Item #15 Capability Assessment? Town has a 604B grant for improvements Infrastructure - Route 6A at Drummer Boy Park - Drainage study and re-design to eliminate flooding. Hazard designed to mitigate: Flooding Objective intended to help achieve: 1, 8, 16 General background of item: This area tends to flood in heavy rain and is a main east-west road through Brewster. Responsibility: Massachusetts Highway Department Potential funding source: TIP, grant funding Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): Medium/2012 Action Item #16 Completed…remove Infrastructure - Underpass Road - drainage study and redesign to eliminate roadway flooding. Hazard designed to mitigate: Flooding Objective intended to help achieve: 3, 10 General background of item: During prolonged downpours, Underpass Road can flood to the point where it is impassable by passenger vehicles. Responsibility: Public Works Potential funding source: TIP, grant funding Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): Medium/2012 Action Item #17 Ongoing…Capability Assessment Continue to participate in marsh restoration projects to remediate tidally restrictive infrastructure which affects the retention time of floodwaters or impound stormwater. Hazard designed to mitigate: Flood, Fire, Erosion, Sea Level Rise Objective intended to help achieve: 1, 5 General background of item: • Several tidally influenced water bodies and marshes in Brewster are often physically restricted in their ability to exchange water freely during tidal cycles. Reducing or removing these restrictions provides hazard mitigation benefits including increased flood storage capacity and reduced wildfire fuel potential from invasive species growth (i.e., Phragmites) resulting from limited flushing. • Seven sites have been identified by the Cape Cod Atlas of Tidally Restricted Salt Marshes, 2001. Saltmarshes and ponds may also be shared by two or more towns (Marshes - Quivett (Dennis border), Paines Creek, Namskakett (Orleans border). • Recent projects: Route 6A culvert replaced at Stony Brook Road – 2010; Paines Creek culvert to Freemans Pond to be replaced – 2011 *7 listed tidal restricted areas: Sea Street/ Quivett Creek, Cranberry Bog channel off Quivett Creek (Clarke1), Cranberry Bog channel off Quivett (Clarke2), Paine's Creek Road/Freeman's Pond, Route 6A/Stony Brook, Channel off Stony Brook, Cape Cod Rail Trail/Namskaket Creek. Responsibility: Director of Natural Resources, Alewife Committee, Conservation Administrator, adjoining towns Potential funding source: Grants Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): Medium/Ongoing Action Item #18 Ongoing…Capability Assessment (DART Team) Develop and distribute (or obtain from County/State/Feds) education material concerning care of animals during natural hazard emergencies. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 5, 9 General background of item: • Obtain education materials for distribution at local vets offices, Animal Rescue League of Boston (ARL), Town Clerk's office (and also given out with annual dog licenses), Board of Health (and given out with annual barn permits), pet store, feed stores, local animal groups, schools • Humane Society (HSUS) has a complete training program relative to care and treatment of animals during natural hazard emergencies Responsibility: BOH, Town Clerk, ARL, HSUS, County agencies Potential funding source: Grant funding, public service donations from private sector Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011 Action Item #19 Keep…relevant Develop a program to train emergency responders and residents in management of domestic animals, horses, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, birds, as well as wild animals, during emergencies such as flood, fires, winds, etc.. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 4, 5, 13 General background of item: The Cape Cod Cooperative Extension (4-H), Humane Society, The Brewster Animal Rescue League and the MSPCA, Wildcare, Carapace and other such organizations have training capabilities, as well as videos and educational material. Residents (owners) as well as responders need to be trained in dealing with animals in such emergencies. Responsibility: Health Agent, Director of Natural Resources, Conservation Administrator, Animal Control Officer Potential funding source: Operating Budget, grants Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/Ongoing Action Item #20 Keep…relevant Conduct an educational workshop for coastal and riverfront landowners and contractors on hazard mitigation. Hazard designed to mitigate: Flood, Wind, Erosion, Sea Level Rise Objective intended to help achieve: 1, 9, 12, 13, 14 General background of item: Development pressure continues as dwellings are razed and reconstructed in hazard prone areas. The workshop would be an opportunity to educate the public and the building community. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Town Planner, Building Department, Conservation Commission Potential funding source: Operating Budget/Grant Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011 Action Item #21 Status? ____available_____________ Supply educational materials on preparedness/mitigation for property owners, for display and distribution at Town Hall, Brewster Ladies’ Library, Council on Aging Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 5, 9, 12, 13, 14 General background of item: Some information currently exists, but needs to be updated and available in more locations. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Conservation, Health, Police and Fire, Library Potential funding source: Operating budget Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011 Action Item #22 Keep…relevant Annually host a public hazards display for the residents of Brewster, in combination with the "Brewster in Bloom" festival or another appropriate community event. Ensure that such a display will also be hosted during the summer months, when part-time residents are in Town. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 3, 9, 12, 13, 14 General background of item: A hazard display for Town residents and part- time residents should be added to established community event(s) drawing large crowds. The display(s) should be geared toward educating people on the hazards which threaten Brewster and the mitigation and preparedness measures available to protect them. Educational displays/ handouts should be provided such as Flood Insurance Rate Maps, storm surge inundation maps, FEMA publications, hurricane tracking charts, safety tips, animal/pet protection and preparedness measures, etc. Responsibility: Planning Board/Building Commissioner, Public Works, Fire and Police Potential funding source: Operating Budget, Grants Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): Moderate/2012 Action Item # 23 Status? _________keep, part of HMP development____________ Incorporate natural hazard mitigation and best-planning practices into Brewster's planning work. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 1, 14 General background of item: • Adopt Minimum Performance Standards Relevant for hazard mitigation • Incorporate it into all planning initiative and projects • Encourage development bylaws that are intended to keep new development out of high hazard areas • Create a hazard-based District of Critical Planning Concern Responsibility: Planning Board, Building Department, Board of Health, Board of Selectmen, Public Works Potential funding source: None Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/Ongoing Action Item #24 Status? _participate, not as robust, limited opportunities__________________ Participate in Cape Cod Cooperative Extension's Wildfire Assessment and Preparedness Program. Hazard designed to mitigate: Fire Objective intended to help achieve: 3, 5, 8, 9 General background of item: The Town owned parcels of conservation and recreation lands with proximity to residentially developed areas are potential sources of wildfires in areas. Review and refine the designated wildfire risk areas shown on the Wildfire Hazard (Map 4) and work towards appropriate wildland/urban interface (WUI) boundary designations. Work with County for coordination with Regional Community Wildfire Protection Plan (RCWPP), utilizing appropriate wildland/urban interface fire hazard assessment methodology. Work with Cape Cod Cooperative Extension to obtain necessary information and measures/steps that homeowners can take to reduce structural ignitability in at-risk areas. Use County assistance in analysis of fuel- reduction needs along evacuation routes and To provide mitigation recommendations of high-risk areas, and provide matching grant funds for mitigation of evacuation route hazards. Work with Cape Cod Cooperative Extension Natural Resources Section - Forester/ Community Wildfire Protection Coordinator, for assistance with wildland/open space assessments/management plans, for help to implement risk mitigation recommendations and preparedness plans. Conservation Commission needs to become more involved in Wildfire Protection Program Responsibility: Fire Department, Director of Natural Resources, Conservation Commission, Planning, Cape Cod Cooperative Extension Service Potential funding source: County budget, grant funding Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/Ongoing Action Item #25 Status? _______ongoing____________ Establish a Memorandum of Agreement/ Understanding with the Town of Harwich, and other adjacent towns, regarding the coordinated opening of storm shelters and to ensure adequate shelter capacity for the area. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 4, 5 General background of item: Shelter space has been adequate in the past but there is risk of overburdening the shelters in the future due to the regional nature of their use. Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Emergency Management Potential funding source: None needed Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/ 2011 Action Item #26 Status? ______nothing formalized, but coordination ongoing_____________ Coordination with Nickerson State Park (NSP), Towns of Orleans (Baker's Pond), Harwich and Harwich Water Department (Punkhorn Parklands) and Dennis and Dennis Water Department (Punkhorn Parklands and Ellis Farm) on fuel reduction programs and response. Hazard designed to mitigate: Fire Objective intended to help achieve: 3, 5, 8 General background of item: The Nickerson State Park encompasses over 1,000 acres within Brewster. Town is responsible for NSP. Orleans, Harwich and Dennis - Mutual Aid Agreement in place - required county-wide by law. Fire breaks at Town lines. Responsibility: Fire Department Potential funding source: Operating Budget Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/Ongoing Action Item #27 Completed…remove Provide remote access for Channel 18 (Brewster television station). Hazard designed to mitigate: Wind, Snow and Ice Objective intended to help achieve: 9, 12 General background of item: During a storm event, it allows the Station Manager to update public service announcements and emergency instructions without having to be at the station (which is not accessible in a blizzard, for example). Responsibility for implementation assigned to: Station Manager, Cable Provider Potential funding source: Operating Budget/Grants Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible): High/2011 Action Item #28 Remove…will be completed through HMP process Identify and seek public funding and private sector funding for residents, businesses, and the Town of Brewster that will allow the implementation of sound hazard mitigation measures. Hazard designed to mitigate: All Objective intended to help achieve: 2, 5, 7, 16 General background of item: Work with Cape Cod Commission to identify and seek planning funds and ensure coordination with existing and FEMA-certified plans in region. Responsibility: Various departments, Asst. Town Manager Potential funding source: MEMAs Hazard Mitigation Grant Program funds FEMA Pre-Disaster Mitigation program annual funds. Priority/ time frame for implementation (or target completion date if possible Medium/ongoing activity Name Email Address Chris Miller Heath Eldridge Patrick Ellis Paul Anderson Victor Staley Ryan Bennett Donna Kalinick Craig Pereira Town of Brewster, MA Join Zoom Meeting Join Zoom Meeting https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88664723031?pwd=NkNTbWkvenUvMzlTSmNiYVo5cTJ odz09 Meeting ID: 886 6472 3031 Password: 192740 July 15, 2020 2:00 PM - 3:00 PM Local Hazard Mitigation Committee Meeting #2 Public Workshop #1: January 30, 2021 About the Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan The Town of Brewster is currently developing a Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. This plan is important because it helps the Town plan and receive funding for projects that reduce the risk of injury or damage to property from future natural, communicable, human-caused or technological hazard events such as flooding, hurricanes or cyber security. This Multi- Hazard Mitigation Plan update will build on some of the work already completed by the Town including the Brewster Coastal Adaptation Strategy (September 2016), Town of Brewster Vision Plan (2018), the Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan (2019), and the Municipal Vulnerability Preparedness Plan (2019). For more information please visit: https://www.brewster-ma.gov/departments-mainmenu-26/planning-department-mainmenu-104/2908-brewster-hazard -mitigation-plan Contact Craig Pereira—Project Manager Horsley Witten Group, Inc. 55 Dorrance St. Suite 200 Providence, RI 02903 cpereira@horsleywitten.com Phone: (401) 272-1717 Town of Brewster Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Virtual Public Workshop Saturday, January 30, 2021 10:00 AM—12:00 PM To join the webinar: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88616260444?pwd=cy9ZUDJiOEx0OGhZU3U3NDYxSWdtdz09 Passcode: 892988 Or iPhone one-tap : US: +19294362866,,88616260444#,,,,*892988# or +13017158592,,88616260444#,,,,*892988# Or Telephone: Dial (for higher quality, dial a number based on your current location): US: +1 929 436 2866 or +1 301 715 8592 or +1 312 626 6799 or +1 669 900 6833 or +1 253 215 8782 or +1 346 248 7799 Webinar ID: 886 1626 0444 Passcode: 892988 International numbers available: https://us02web.zoom.us/u/kbNENfN2AQ 9/23/2021 1 Town of Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Public Workshop Craig Pereira, CFM Project Manager – Horsley Witten Group Date: January 30, 2021 10:00 AM – 12:00 PM Virtual Virtual Platform 2 A Request of Participants In the Chat area to Ryan Bennett: Your Full Name Are you a resident, business owner, municipal employee? Expectations you have for the workshop 3 Welcome… WELCOME! 4 Town of Brewster, MA Local Hazard Mitigation Committee –Paul Anderson, Water Department Superintendent –Ryan Bennett, Town Planner –Heath Eldredge, Police Chief –Patrick Ellis, DPW Superintendent –Pat Hughes, Coastal Committee –Don Labonte, Resident/CERT –Peter Lombardi, Town Administrator –Donna Kalinick, Assistant Town Administrator –Chris Miller, Natural Resources Director –Robert Moran, Fire Chief –Victor Staley, Building Commissioner –Amy von Hone, Health Department Director 5 Why Hazard Mitigation Planning? Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, Interim Final Rule, 44 CFR Parts 201 and 206 states, “All communities must have an approved Multiple Hazards Mitigation Plan in order to qualify for future federal disaster mitigation grants”. Reduction or elimination of long‐term risk to life, property, and the environment. 6 12 34 56 9/23/2021 2 Mitigation Process Assess Risks Establish Goals Identify Projects/Actions Update/Maintain Plan 7 Assess Risks… Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Natural Hazard: “Any event or physical condition that has the potential to cause fatalities, injuries, property damage, infrastructure damage, and agricultural loss, damage to the environment, interruption of business, or other types of harm and/or loss”. 8 Assess Risks… Natural Hazards 9 Flood‐related hazards Riverine/Flash Flooding Inland/Urban Flooding Heavy Rain Climate Change Dam Failure Coastal Flooding Sea Level Rise Storm Surge Coastal Erosion/Shoreline Change Winter‐related hazards Blizzards/Heavy Snow Nor’ easters Extreme Cold Geologic‐related hazards Earthquakes Landslides Assess Risks… Natural Hazards 10 Wind‐related hazards Hurricanes Tornadoes High Winds Lightning/Thunderstorms Hail Tropical Storms Urban/Wildfire‐related hazards Urban Fire/Wildfire Drought‐related hazards Drought Extreme Heat Invasive Species‐related hazards Invasive Species Communicable‐related hazards Infectious Disease Assess Risks… Human-Caused/Technological Hazards 11 Human‐Caused Hazards Cyber Incident Terrorism Civil Unrest Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear Technological Hazards Infrastructure Failure Hazardous Materials Accident/Spill Major Aircraft Crash Catastrophic Dam Failure Assess Risks… Natural Hazard Profiles 12 Flood‐related hazards Riverine/Flash Flooding: Moderate Inland/Urban Flooding: Moderate Heavy Rain: Moderate Climate Change: Moderate Dam Failure: Moderate Coastal Flooding: High Sea Level Rise: Moderate Storm Surge: Moderate Coastal Erosion/Shoreline Change: High Winter‐related hazards Blizzards/Heavy Snow: Moderate Nor’ easters: Moderate Extreme Cold: Low Geologic‐related hazards Earthquakes: Low Landslides: Low 78 910 11 12 9/23/2021 3 Assess Risks… Natural Hazard Profiles 13 Wind‐related hazards Hurricanes: High Tornadoes: Low High Winds: High Lightning/Thunderstorms: Moderate Hail: Moderate Tropical Storms: High Urban/Wildfire‐related hazards Urban Fire/Wildfire: High Drought‐related hazards Drought: Moderate Extreme Heat: Moderate Invasive Species‐related hazards Invasive Species: Low Communicable‐related hazards Infectious Disease: High Assess Risks… Human-Caused/Technological Hazard Profiles 14 Human‐Caused Hazards Cyber Incident: High Terrorism: Moderate Civil Unrest: Low Chemical/Biological/ Radiological/Nuclear: Moderate Technological Hazards Infrastructure Failure: Moderate Hazardous Materials Accident/Spill: Moderate Major Aircraft Crash: Low Catastrophic Dam Failure: Moderate Assess Risks… Risk and Vulnerability Assessment - Assets 15 Economic Assets Businesses/employers Tourist destinations Social Assets Vulnerable populations Cultural locations Assess Risks… Risk and Vulnerability Assessment - Assets 16 Natural Resources Lifeline and utility systems Wetlands Conservation and recreation lands Essential Buildings and Critical Facilities Government buildings Hazardous facilities Roadways GIS Mapping Mitigation Process Assess Risks Establish Goals Identify Projects/Actions Update/Maintain Plan 17 Establish Goals…Community Goals (2016) To reduce the potential for loss of life, property, critical facilities, infrastructure, environmental resources and landforms, and cultural resources from natural disasters. To educate residents and policy makers about natural hazard risk and vulnerability, so as to encourage hazard mitigation planning as part of the municipal planning process. To implement cost effective and feasible mitigation projects, funded whenever possible with grant programs. To coordinate Brewster hazard mitigation planning with neighboring towns in the Mid and Lower Cape Cod Region and Barnstable County. To reduce potential financial losses incurred by municipal, residential and commercial establishments due to disasters. To ensure that mitigation measures are context sensitive to natural features, historic resources and community character. 18 13 14 15 16 17 18 9/23/2021 4 Mitigation Process Assess Risks Establish Goals Identify Projects/Actions Update/Maintain Plan 19 Mitigation Measures…Categories Planning and Prevention Property Protection Natural Resource Protection Structural Projects Emergency Services, and Public Education and Awareness 20 Identify Projects/Actions… Identification of Mitigation Actions Mitigation actions to be developed based on review of the Town’s identified risks, vulnerabilities to natural hazards, and capabilities. Each action incorporates a brief description of the intended action, who the responsible parties are, a proposed time frame for completion and potential funding sources. 21 Identify Projects/Actions… Capability Assessment Pre‐ and Post‐Disaster Activities… Planning and Regulatory Existing Plans, Studies and Reports Zoning Code/Subdivision Rules and Regulations Administrative and Technical Partnerships (CERT) Municipal Administration and staff Financial Federal/State grant opportunities 22 Identify Projects/Actions… Capability Assessment Town of Brewster Vision Plan 2018 Expresses the community’s preference for how it intends to evolve socially, physically and economically by guiding town decisions, with eight building blocks identified. Coastal Management – in the context of coastal change, preserve and protect Brewster’s coastal resources and expand public access. Protect coastal resources in ways that preserve coastal ecosystems and habitats and the character of the town and coastal neighborhoods. Adapt to climate change projections and advance adaptation and resiliency techniques that are financially and environmentally sustainable. 23 Identify Projects/Actions… Capability Assessment Open Space and Recreation Plan 2021 Advises the Board of Selectmen on open space preservation and acquisition efforts, acts as a resource for other agencies such as municipal departments, Boards and Commissions with open space concerns: Goal 1: Protect the Town’s drinking water supply to meet the needs of residents and visitors today and in the future. Preserve and enhance habitat diversity and protected marine and freshwater resources to maintain their important ecological functions and values to the community. 24 19 20 21 22 23 24 9/23/2021 5 Identify Projects/Actions… Capability Assessment Town of Brewster Coastal Adaptation Strategy 2016 A framework for future decision‐making about Brewster’s public coastal areas through established guiding principles: New access locations in adapting to the future Access for emergency vehicles and shell fishing Beach management and restoration Wetland resource adaptation Ongoing analysis of climate impacts Ongoing adaptive management 25 Identify Projects/Actions… Capability Assessment Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report Intended to provide vision and policy direction for the future management of Brewster’s coastal resources while meeting diverse community access needs and adapting to coastal change. Increase the resilience of public beaches and landings. Periodically assess coastal resources conditions for comparison with baseline conditions. Assess coastal resources on a regional scale. Adopt long‐term coastal management resiliency strategies. Promote management and maintenance. 26 Identify Projects/Actions… Capability Assessment Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report Preserve ecosystem services provided by healthy wetlands. Evaluate policy and regulatory changes to protect wetland resources. Increase public awareness of the importance of healthy coastal wetlands and natural coastal processes, and the need to protect these resource areas. Promote opportunities for salt marsh migration. Preserve peak‐season access to public beaches and landings. Maintain or enhance peak‐season access to public beaches and landings. 27 Identify Projects/Actions… Capability Assessment Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report Protect infrastructure, visual access and sense of place threatened by changing conditions. Protect vulnerable low‐lying infrastructure. Complete the proposed MVP plan and develop a full‐scale multi‐hazard mitigation plan. Work with the Planning Board and other stakeholders to evaluate changes to local zoning and regulations to preserve scale, character and resource protection. 28 Identify Projects/Actions… Capability Assessment Brewster Municipal Vulnerability Preparedness Working Group Review and update Town bylaws and regulations to mitigate projected climate change impacts. Develop and initiate projects to increase resilience to projected climate change impacts (i.e., intense rain, storm surge, sea level rise) for critical infrastructure. Identify and initiate projects to provide backup power at the Town Hall, Water Department and drinking water wells to provide critical infrastructure resilience to power outages. Conduct a stormwater infrastructure inventory and assessment to prioritize and initiate improvements (e.g., increased catch basin maintenance, culvert replacement) based on projected climate change impacts. 29 Identify Projects/Actions… Capability Assessment Brewster Municipal Vulnerability Preparedness Working Group Develop a Preparedness Campaign for the general public (i.e., residents and seasonal guests) and the private sector that includes guidance and checklists, as well as recommendations to increase community resilience to the impacts of climate change. Develop a local Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan that includes considerations for projected climate change impacts. Review and update the Brewster Community Emergency Management Plan to include considerations for projected climate change impacts. Conduct a vulnerability assessment, develop plans and initiate improvements at critical public beach access points in the community to increase resilience to projected climate change impacts. 30 25 26 27 28 29 30 9/23/2021 6 Identify Projects/Actions… Capability Assessment Cape Cod Atlas of Tidally Restricted Salt Marshes Salt marsh systems requiring infrastructure resizing and/or repair/replacement to eliminate potential for causing flooding. Site BR‐2: Brewster ‐ Cranberry Bog Berm Restriction of Channel off Quivett Creek (Privately Owned):Inactive cranberry bogs dot this marsh. Berms built to support the past cranberry farming are still in place, severing the tidal flow. A six‐inch pipe forms the only connection from the bogs to the marsh, allowing in only a fraction of the tidal flow to pass upstream. Site BR‐3: Brewster ‐ Cranberry Bog Berm Restriction of Channel off Quivett Creek (Privately Owned):This site also involves another pipe designed to allow under an old cranberry bog berm. This pipe prevents any waters from naturally flushing the upstream affected area. 31 Identify Projects/Actions… Prioritization of Actions…STAPLEE Method Social…is the action socially acceptable? Technical…is the action technically feasible and provide appropriate level of protection? Administrative…does the Town have the capability to complete the action? Political…will the Town support or oppose the project? Legal…does the Town have the legal authority to complete the action? Economic…is the action cost‐effective? Environmental…will the action affect the natural environment? 32 Identify Projects/Actions… Implementation Plan Adoption/Incorporation into Existing Plans 33 Mitigation Process Assess Risks Establish Goals Identify Projects/Actions Update/Maintain Plan 34 2016 Draft Plan 35 Action #1 Create a standing Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Committee. Remove…completed Action #2 Join the NFIP’s Community Rating System. Ongoing…move to Capability Assessment (2018) Action #3 Increase protection of the floodplain by amending the current Floodplain District Bylaw. Ongoing…move to Capability Assessment 2016 Draft Plan 36 Action #4 Use the Town’s evolving Geographic Information System (GIS) to maintain current building and parcel data for the purpose of conducting more detailed hazard risk assessments and for tracking permitting/land use. Ongoing…move to Capability Assessment (Town is establishing an enhanced permit software program) Action #5 Conduct a thorough investigation of the Town’s most at‐risk locations identified in the Vulnerability Analysis and evaluate potential mitigation techniques for protecting each location to the maximum extent possible. Ongoing…part of this plan’s development 31 32 33 34 35 36 9/23/2021 7 2016 Draft Plan 37 Action #6 Develop a list of mitigation projects, including but not limited to: snow fencing in areas prone to blowing and drifting snow, and regarding and improved drainage in areas prone to flooding. Ongoing…part of this plan’s development Action #7 Conduct a Needs Assessment of privately‐owned facilities that have regional importance (medical centers/day care centers). Carry forward to 2021 Plan Action #8 Conduct a Needs Assessment of mitigation activities that should be undertaken to prepare and protect Brewster's cultural resources from the damaging effects of natural hazards. Ongoing…part of this plan’s development 2016 Draft Plan 38 Action #9 Quantify potential losses by estimating such losses at varying degrees of storm surge, wind and stormwater hazard severity, as well as specific impacts on critical facilities. Ongoing…part of this plan’s development Action #10 Develop a map indicating hazard sensitive parcels acquired by Brewster. Carry forward to 2021 Plan Action #11 Incorporate the inspection and management of hazardous trees/limbs into the Town's routine monitoring process. Carry forward to 2021 Plan 2016 Draft Plan 39 Action #12 Monitor the Town's emergency services to identify needs in terms of personnel, equipment and/or required resources. Ongoing…part of this plan’s development Action #13 Review of Ditch Systems and old bogs for preventative maintenance ‐ to increase flood capacity. Carry forward to 2021 Plan Action #14 Mitigate impacts of blowing/drifting snow. Carry forward to 2021 Plan 2016 Draft Plan 40 Action #15 Infrastructure – Route 6A at Drummer Boy Park: Drainage study and re‐design to eliminate flooding. Ongoing…move to Capability Assessment (Town has a 604B grant for improvements) Action #16 Infrastructure – Underpass Road: Drainage study and re‐design to eliminate roadway flooding. Completed…remove Action #17 Continue to participate in marsh restoration projects to remediate tidally‐restrictive infrastructure which affects the retention time of floodwaters or impound stormwater. Carry forward to 2021 Plan 2016 Draft Plan 41 Action #18 Develop/distribute education material concerning care of animals during hazard emergencies. Ongoing…move to Capability Assessment (DART Team) Action #19 Develop a program to train emergency responders and residents in management of domestic animals, horses, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, birds, as well as wild animals, during emergencies such as flood, fires, winds, etc. Carry forward to 2021 Plan Action #20 Conduct an educational workshop for coastal and riverfront landowners and contractors on hazard mitigation. Carry forward to 2021 Plan 2016 Draft Plan 42 Action #21 Supply educational materials on preparedness/mitigation for property owners, for display and distribution at Town Hall, Brewster Ladies’ Library, Council on Aging. Ongoing…move to Capability Assessment (DART Team) Action #22 Annually host a public hazards display for the residents of Brewster, in combination with the "Brewster in Bloom" festival or another appropriate community event. Ensure that such a display will also be hosted during the summer months, when part‐time residents are in Town. Carry forward to 2021 Plan Action #23 Incorporate natural hazard mitigation and best‐planning practices into Brewster’s planning work. Ongoing…part of this plan’s development 37 38 39 40 41 42 9/23/2021 8 2016 Draft Plan 43 Action #24 Participate in Cape Cod Cooperative Extension’s Wildfire Assessment and Preparedness Program. Ongoing…move to Capability Assessment Action #25 Establish an MOU/MOA with the Town of Harwich, and other adjacent towns, regarding the coordinated opening of storm shelters and to ensure adequate shelter capacity for the area. Ongoing…move to Capability Assessment Action #26 Coordination with Nickerson State Park, Towns of Orleans (Baker’s Pond, Harwich/Harwich Water Department (Punkhorn Parklands), and Dennis/Dennis Water Department (Punkhorn Parklands and Ellis Farm) on fuel reduction programs and response. Carry forward to 2021 Plan 2016 Draft Plan 44 Action #27 Provide remote access for Channel 18. Remove…completed Action #28 Identify and seek public/private sector funding for residents, businesses and the Town that will allow the implementation of sound hazard mitigation measures. Ongoing…part of this plan’s development Online Public Survey https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/BrewsterHazardMitigationPlan 45 Project Schedule Draft Update available for comment: Summer/Fall 2021 Draft Update to MEMA: Early Fall 2021 46 Contact Us… Questions/Comments: Ryan Bennett Craig Pereira—Project Manager Town Planner Senior Planner Town of Brewster Horsley Witten Group, Inc. rbennett@brewster-ma.gov 55 Dorrance Street, Suite 200 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Providence, RI 02903 cpereira@horsleywitten.com Phone: (401) 263-6048 47 43 44 45 46 47 Name Email Address Ryan Bennett Craig Pereira Donna Kalinick Chris Miller Pat Hughes Suzanne Bryan Town of Brewster, MA To join the webinar: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88616260444?pwd=cy9ZUDJiOEx0OGhZU3U3NDYxSWdtdz09 Passcode: 892988 Or iPhone one-tap : US: +19294362866, *892988# Or Telephone: Dial (for higher quality, dial a number based on your current location): US: +1 929 436 2866 Webinar ID: 886 1626 0444 Passcode: 892988 January 31, 2021 10:00 AM - 12:00 PM Virtual Public Workshop #1 Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup Meeting #3: July 16, 2021 Brewster Hazard Mitigation Plan Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup Meeting #3 Zoom (Virtual) Meeting July 16, 2021 1:00 PM – 2:30 PM Join Zoom Meeting https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88296659243?pwd=bU9ubnVSZnFlcFNxUHhGOG1YbG5R UT09 Meeting ID: 882 9665 9243 Passcode: 646044 One tap mobile +1-929-436-2866, *646044# US (New York) Agenda 1. Outstanding Data Needs a. Tidal Restrictions b. Municipal Interviews c. Online Community Survey d. Development Trends e. Evacuation/Traffic Control Points f. Cyber-related Mitigation Actions for Consideration g. Participants List Workshop #1 2. Mapping a. Coordination with CCC b. Horsley Witten 3. Actions for Continued Compliance with NFIP 4. Mitigation Actions for Consideration Memorandum of Meeting To: Brewster Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup (LHMW) From: Craig Pereira Date: July 16, 2021 Re: Brewster Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) Development In attendance: Peter Lombardi – Town Administrator Donna Kalinick – Assistant Town Administrator Griffin Ryder – DPW Superintendent Paul Anderson – Water Department Superintendent Chris Miller – Natural Resources Director Victor Staley – Building Commissioner Heath Eldredge – Police Chief Amy von Hone – Health Director Pat Hughes – Coastal Committee Ryan Bennett – Town Planner Consultant Team Craig Pereira, Project Manager - Horsley Witten Group, Inc. (HW) 1. Outstanding Data Needs: o Tidal Restriction Projects. Craig Pereira requested clarification on the joint project for culvert replacement to Freeman’s Pond with the Natural Resources Conservation Service/DEM/Orleans and Brewster local officials and the state Wetlands Restoration Program, and MA CZM. o Chris Miller stated the project as completed in late 2011 and now includes routine maintenance. o Municipal Interviews. Craig Pereira stated there are a number of members who have not completed/returned the interview template, including Robert Moran, Chris Miller, Paul Anderson, Don Labonte, and Griffin Ryder. o These LHMW members are asked to complete/return the interview template to Craig (attached). o Community Survey. Craig commented that the survey will need to be closed and summarized for inclusion in the draft plan, shortly. To date, there have been 62 responses received. o Peter Lombardi offered to put the link on the front page/News section of the Town’s webpage to push it out for a few more weeks in hopes of additional responses. o Development Trends. Horsley Witten Group July 16, 2021 2 Craig requested a breakdown of major residential and commercial development trends over the past 7 years to evaluate if the Town is encouraging development outside of the special flood hazard area. Data should include: o Major Residential/Commercial Development: o Name o Address o Number of units/total SF of commercial space o Status: completed…pending approval…under construction o Pat Hughes asked if it would be possible to correlate development trends with Orders of Condition requested by the Conservation Commission, indicating there have been 4 – 5 properties built in hazard areas. This request is outside of the needs for the HMP. o Ryan Bennett and Victor Staley will work together to develop summary of major development trends for the past 7 years, provide an annual summary of building permits, and a copy of the 2019 CRS report to Craig. o Evacuation/Traffic Control Points. Craig requested sanctioned GIS data or both…this data is outside/different than that for hurricane inundation zones at the state level. Craig indicated the availability of this data fluctuates where some communities don’t have sanctioned routes/TCP, and that both are event-specific and fluid. o Heath Eldredge stated the Town's approach is event-specific and fluid, based on the extent/location/type of event. o Cyber-related Actions for Consideration. Craig stated that no cyber-related actions were submitted for consideration. o Craig will reach back to Kathy Lambert to see if there any actions to be included for consideration. o Peter stated the Town does have a Cyber Plan in place. He will review and forward to Craig. o Public Workshop Attendance List. Craig requested a copy of the attendance list from the January 2021 Public Workshop. o Ryan will provide this list to Craig. 2. Mapping o Cape Cod Commission Coordination. Craig stated that the Town has coordinated with the Cape Cod Commission to provide some of the required mapping for the hazard mitigation plan and HW completed the remaining maps. i. Maps developed by the CCC include: 1. 2-1 Shoreline Change 2. 2-2 Sea Level Rise Scenarios (although the mapping shows a range of scenarios up to 6 feet, the Vulnerability Analysis included in the plan looked at a rise of 1-foot and 3-feet only, as agreed upon by the LHMW). o Pat commented that the Town’s adaptation study included recommendations and should be referenced in the plan. Craig stated that all previous plans, studies and reports have been summarized and included as part of Section 3 – July 16, 2021 3 Capability Assessment, and that all actions/strategies/recommendations have been assembled into the Mitigation Actions for Consideration document. 3. 2-3 FEMA Flood Hazard Areas (used by HW to complete the Vulnerability Analysis – Economic impacts) 4. 2-4 Critical Facilities o Chris Miller commented that #25 is no longer Epoch…it is now Serenity Brewster Apartment Complex. Craig will coordinate with the CCC to revise the data set. 5. 2-7 Storm Surge Scenarios (used by HW to complete the Vulnerability Analysis -Economic impacts) 6. 2-5 Average Annual Snowfall 7. 2-6 Tornadoes/Hurricanes 8. 2-8 Earthquakes/Landslides o All LHMW members to review maps and provide comments to Craig. 3. Actions for Continued Compliance with NFIP. Craig presented the table to the group for completion. Half way through, Ryan requested a copy of the table and indicated she will complete it with Victor and return to Craig. 4. Mitigation Actions for Consideration. Craig briefly reviewed the Mitigation Actions for Consideration document with the LHMW, including: - Categories for actions - Where the actions came from (identified in red, bold font) - Time Frame description - Cost Estimate description - Notations where Craig thought actions could be combined. o Ryan requested a first look at the document before it goes out to the larger group. o Once Ryan has reviewed, Craig will forward it to the LHMW for review and comment. ▪ Craig requested that all LHMW members review each action and the bulleted list that follows to ensure the appropriate responsible parties, time frames, cost estimates, etc. are accurate. 5. General Comments. o Craig offered to have a coordination call with Griffin Ryder to catch him up on the HMP process/evolution to date. o Ryan suggested the fourth and final LHMW meeting be held in person, perhaps in September. o Pat asked if the Natural Resources Committee should be weighing in on the mitigation actions for consideration. Ryan commented it would be difficult to bring in so many folks to weigh in, and Craig stated that Pat’s role to the LHMW is to represent the interests of this committee. o Chris Miller commented that the Town is participating in a Storm Tide Pathways mapping project through Barnstable County. A final report is due out soon. i. Chris will provide a copy of the recorded presentation to Craig. July 16, 2021 4 ii. Craig will coordinate with Shannon Hulst on the availability of the final report. iii. Craig stated that Ryan already requested the project be referenced in the plan. o Several members indicated there are additional MOUs/MOAs for municipal services that should be included. i. Paul Anderson will provide the water/wastewater Agency Response Network (WARN) agreement. Time Frame: • Short Term = 0 to 6 Months • Medium Term = 6 to 18 Months • Long Term = 18 Months to 5 Years Cost Estimate: • Staff Time – municipal personnel time • Minimal – less than $5,000 • Moderate – more than $5,000, but less than $25,000 • Significant – over $25,000 PUBLIC EDUCATION AND AWARENESS Action #1 …Town of Brewster Vision Plan 2018 Adapt to climate change projections and advance adaptation and resiliency techniques that are financially and environmentally sustainable (adopt Model Coastal Resilience Bylaw). - Identify techniques such as living shorelines, nourishment from dredged material, and land acquisition for retreat locations to adapt to coastal changes. - Provide outreach and education (signs, field trips, publications) to build awareness of citizens and decision makers about the nature of coastal changes. • Action Type: Planning, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: Conservation Commission/Natural Resources Dept. • Supporting: Coastal Advisory Group • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Protection of property, life and infrastructure/Increased awareness of vulnerabilities • Vulnerable Area: Municipally-owned Infrastructure/Coastal Wetlands/Private Property Action #2 …Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report/Storm Tide Pathways Study Implement Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report/Storm Tide Pathways Study: A. Increase public awareness of the importance of healthy coastal wetlands and natural coastal processes, and the need to protect these resource. Education materials should be aimed at shoreline property owners, among others, to discuss the importance of natural sediment transport processes, and best practices for vegetation management, erosion management, and buffer protection, etc. This effort should be coordinated with the development of permitting guidance. B. Use best available tools to understand the potential impact of storm surge on public and private property, sensitive infrastructure and natural resources, and to develop strategies and plans to avoid, minimize or mitigate adverse impacts, including tools made available through the Cape Cod Commission’s Resilient Cape Cod project, MVP program, and the storm tides pathways assessment project being undertaken by the Barnstable County Extension Service and Center for Coastal Studies. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: Natural Resources Dept. • Supporting: Natural Resources Advisory Group • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Protection of property, life, infrastructure and natural resources/Increased awareness of vulnerabilities • Vulnerable Area: Repetitive Loss Properties/Floodplains/Municipally-owned Infrastructure/Emergency Response and Public Health/Private Property Action #3 …MVP/2016 Draft Plan/HW Increased the public’s awareness of hazard vulnerabilities: A. Develop a Preparedness Campaign for the general public (i.e., residents and seasonal guests) and the private sector that includes guidance and checklists, as well as recommendations to increase community resilience to the impacts of climate change (e.g., extreme weather, health impacts). B. Annually host a public hazards display for the residents of Brewster in combination with the ‘Brewster in Bloom’ festival or another appropriate community event. Ensure that such a display will also be hosted during the summer months, when part-time residents are in Town. C. Distribute Tourist Evacuation and Shelter Information Out of state tourists may not be familiar with local authorities, evacuation routes, locations of designated shelters, or know what to expect if police-enforced evacuation becomes necessary. Distribute information on town evacuation routes and emergency shelters to hotels, Bed and Breakfasts, real estate agencies dealing with seasonal rentals, and other facilities and events hosting tourists. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: Fire Dept./Emergency Management/Police Dept. • Supporting: Planning Dept. • Time Frame: Short Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time/MVP Action Grants • Benefit: Protection of property, life and infrastructure/Increased awareness of vulnerabilities/Accelerated evacuation • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Public and Private Property/Social Distress NATURAL RESOURCE PROTECTION Action #4 …Open Space and Recreation Plan 2021 Implement Brewster Open Space and Recreation Plan: A. Protect the Town’s drinking water supply to meet the needs of residents and visitors today and in the future. Protect existing public supply wells from land-based sources of contamination. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: Water Dept./Community Preservation Committee • Supporting: Natural Resources Dept./Recreation Dept./Open Space Committee • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget/FEMA and MEMA Grants/Community Preservation Act Fund • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Protection of drinking water supply/Protection of natural resources • Vulnerable Area: Municipally-owned Infrastructure/Natural Resources Action #5 …Integrated Water Resources Management Plan 2013 Update Zoning Bylaws and Subdivision Rules/Regulations to protect public supply wells. - Strengthen the Water Conservation Bylaw (Chapter 112, Article 1 of the Brewster Town Code). - Strengthen the Zoning Bylaw provision for drinking water quality protection by mandating the Natural Resource Protection Design (NRPD) in its District of Critical Planning Concern (DCPC), rather than ‘encouraging it’. - Implement a Stormwater Management Bylaw. - Encourage Low Impact Development (LID). • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: Planning Board • Supporting: Planning Dept./Water Dept. • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Protection of life/infrastructure, increased awareness of vulnerabilities • Vulnerable Area: Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Social Distress/Natural Resources Action #6 …Town of Brewster Coastal Adaptation Strategy 2016 Implement Brewster Coastal Adaptation Strategy A. Identify and acquire new access points to the shoreline. - The Town should evaluate possible new access points to the shoreline through collaboration with existing property owners, including state and town-owned land and private properties. The Town should also evaluate how existing satellite parking facilities could be used or expanded, or if new satellite parking areas and pathways to the shore could be created without impacting sensitive resources. - Identify and plan for the acquisition of parcels that may provide for future access. The proximity of the parcels to sensitive wetland areas and the potential impacts from climate change should be included in the planning process to select sites that will create viable access over the long term. B. Periodically evaluate the beach management process to evaluate how well it is working and to incorporate lessons learned over time. - Ongoing beach management promotes safe access to the shore through repairs to the town landings after storm events. Therefore, the Town should continue its ongoing work to restore areas at the town landings impacted by storm events. This can include beach nourishment and dune restoration to replace sand lost during a storm: the planting of beach grass and the use of dune fencing to stabilize dunes; and the repair or replacement of pathways, stairs, or ramps used to access the beach. C. Promoting wetland retreat as sea level rises helps to preserve the valuable habitat and storm damage prevention function of coastal wetlands. The Town should identify opportunities to promote and support wetland retreat to preserve coastal wetlands, including salt marshes to the extent feasible. Strategies to consider include: - Mapping of low-lying areas where wetland retreat is possible. - Land acquisition and preservation in areas directly adjacent to existing wetlands to allow for wetland retreat as sea level rises. - Incorporation of wetland retreat assessments into plans for the development or redevelopment of properties adjacent to existing wetlands. - Development of regulatory guidelines to require that wetland retreat adaptation be incorporated into future development plans. - Removal of restrictions to tidal flow into upstream marshes to promote the inland migration of coastal wetlands. - Removal of pavement and fill in wetland areas, and/or design and implementation of improved stormwater management where feasible to reduce impacts to existing wetlands. D. Continuing research and analysis is needed to manage access to Brewster’s shoreline into the future which may include additional monitoring. Further analysis and monitoring of the migration of sediment along the coast is needed to understand how the offshore flats will respond to a rising sea level and whether or not they will remain above water at low tide. The scientific understanding of wetland retreat and salt marsh migration under increasing sea levels will mature over time and any new information should be incorporated into the Town’s plans for managing wetland retreat. Future data on the rate of sea level rise can also be used to manage and prioritize future adaptation projects. The Town should also consider the potential contributions to climate change of adaptation options when evaluating different approaches. The Management Plan could evaluate the implementation of a coastal overlay district to control future development in areas impacted by climate change and manage the rebuilding of existing development in these areas. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: Natural Resources Dept./Natural Resources Advisory Committee • Supporting: Brewster Open Space Committee/Community Preservation Committee • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: MEMA/FEMA grants/Community Preservation Act Funds • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Protection of cultural and natural resources • Vulnerable Area: Public and Private Property/Cultural Resources/Natural Resources/Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Municipally-owned Infrastructure/Floodplains Action #7 …Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report Implement Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report A. Periodically assess coastal resources conditions for comparison with baseline conditions. Monitor and assess physical processes to support short-term management decisions and long-term planning. - Every five years (next in 2021) update projections of sea level rise and storm surge and the modeled impacts of these forces on public beaches and landings, infrastructure and coastal resources. - Update tidal benchmarks; track and record highest annual high tide as proxy for effects of sea level rise. - Evaluate the potential benefit, cost and candidate locations for installing one or more tide gauge (s) and a wave buoy to provide localized data on trends in tidal dynamics. - Evaluate the potential benefit, cost and candidate location for installing a wave height buoy. - Evaluate the potential usefulness of establishing a volunteer-based program to monitor changes in beach profiles. B. Periodically assess coastal resources on a regional scale. - The 2015 Century Scale Sediment Budget should be updated in tandem with the sea level rise (next in 2021) to assess trends in sediment movement within the littoral cell that encompasses Brewster’s shoreline. This effort should be evaluated and potentially undertaken in cooperation with Dennis, Orleans and Eastham. The assessment should include recommendations for monitoring protocols and potential management actions necessary to increase resiliency of Brewster’s shoreline and ensure that tidal flats keep pace with sea level rise. - Participate with the Barnstable County Extension and Center for Coastal Studies in developing a Storm Tide Pathway for Brewster. The Storm Tide Pathways project will encompass the entire Cape Cod Bay shoreline and may provide a basis for additional coordinated efforts among towns sharing the same littoral cell. - Consider development of a regional framework for coastal resilience. o Develop a management plan for the Inner Cape Cod Bay Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC), in concert with the other towns sharing the ACEC. Such a plan could encompass studies of sea level rise and sediment budget, regional sediment management, and other ACEC resource issues. o Consider establishing a regional coastal resilience planning group among towns in the same littoral cell (Dennis , Orleans, Eastham) to identify/study issues of shared concern cost effectively. Regional coordination could increase funding opportunities. This could be in concert with the existing Barnstable County Coastal Resources Committee, or the Cape Cod Commission’s Resilient Cape Cod, Cape Cod Bay Work Group. C. Adopt long-term coastal management resiliency strategies. - Evaluate resilient shoreline management practices (those that mimic natural coastal processes) and identify where on Brewster’s shoreline they might be applied. o Preserve coastal landforms and vegetation that provide buffers to erosion caused by storm surge. Salt marsh and fronting coastal dunes have been shown to be effective in mitigation erosion along Brewster’s Cape Cod Bay shoreline. o Beach and dune nourishment practices for public and private beaches: Mant’s, Paine’s Point of Rocks. o Dune protection (vegetation, fencing) and reconstruction: Mant’s, Breakwater Beach, Point of Rocks. o Create a living shoreline demonstration project: oyster reef at Mant’s Landing. o Managed retreat similar to the relocation of the Paine’s Creek parking lot: locations to be determined. - Evaluate changes to the existing groin field, including potential removal/attrition of groins or other structures on the shoreline that impede coastal processes or hasten erosion. Evaluate whether existing groins could impede sediment transport necessary to sustain the tidal flats under different sea level rise scenarios. - Enhance stormwater management to minimize or eliminate erosion caused by overland run-off. o Implement the stormwater management improvements identified in Brewster’s Integrated Water Resource Management Plan and the work being undertaken on MS4 General Permit compliance. o Prioritize stormwater improvements in any locations where infrastructure could reduce or eliminate erosion caused by run-off. o Provide funding for ongoing maintenance of existing or proposed improvements, possibly through the creation of a stormwater utility. o Design and adopt a stormwater management bylaw to enhance stormwater management on public and private property; and ensure that issues related to coastal erosion, use of green infrastructure and use of best management practices are incorporated. - Evaluate policy and regulatory changes to promote coastal resiliency. o Evaluate the potential for implementing a flood plain bylaw to, among other things, “restrict or prohibit development and uses on Land Subject to Coastal Storm Flowage (i.e., 100-year coastal floodplain) and its buffer zones in order to minimize potential loss of life, destruction of property, and environmental damage inevitably resulting from inappropriate development on land known to be subject to storms, flooding, erosion, relative sea rise and other coastal zone hazards,” (Cape Cod Commission model bylaw). The Cape Cod Commission model bylaw and efforts implemented in other towns should be evaluated to determine policies applicable to Brewster. o Develop permitting guidance for erosion control activities on private properties, and work with the Conservation Commission to apply the guidance in the review of Notices of Intent and issuance of Orders of Condition. - Ensure consistency with other planning efforts. D. Promote management and maintenance of public access points to increase resilience. - Create a coastal resiliency toolkit consisting of best practices for sustainable design, management and maintenance of town-owned landings and beaches. The toolkit should make use of the work being undertaken through the Cape Cod Commission’s Resilient Cape Cod project, and other proven techniques, including: o Managed retreat of parking areas and structures. o Use of articulated mats to provide stability under ramps and parking areas. o Use of beach grass planting, beach nourishment, and dune nourishment/rebuilding/stabilization, among other initiatives. - Develop a sustainable funding source, possibly through an environmental bond bill offset by short term rental tax revenues, potential increase in deeds tax revenues, town beach sticker revenues or other sources for resilient maintenance and management actions that balance needs for access, public safety, natural resource sustainability, and coastal resiliency; and that meet local and state permitting requirements. These measures include: repair stairs/ramps/walkways (including measures needed for improved handicapped accessibility). A proactive, resilient maintenance program may lower long-term costs by reducing the potential need for emergency repairs. - Conduct technical alternatives assessments for resilient capital projects needed to address erosion pressure and preserve access at highly threatened town- owned access points. Mant’s Landing and Paine’s Creek are currently experiencing significant erosion and should be prioritized for evaluation and possible resilient capital projects. E. Preserve natural sediment transport processes in balance with erosion. Evaluate policy and regulatory changes to protect wetland resources. - Work with the Conservation Commission to evaluate the Town’s wetlands protection bylaw and regulations to determine if any changes would provide enhanced protection of coastal wetlands and natural coastal processes. Areas of exploration could include, but not limited to: o Potential to incorporate the sediment budget into the local wetlands bylaw and regulations to regulate protection of upland development differently in eroding areas. o For all new or renewed Orders of Condition for erosion management, require analysis of cumulative system-wide impacts, and require adherence to best practices for shoreline erosion management structures. o Adopt permitting guidelines based on Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant publication Spectrum of Erosion Control Methods. The recent publication of Guidelines for Erosion Management in Pleasant Bay provides a guide. o Require maintenance and nourishment of erosion management structures. o Incorporate monitoring requirements for erosion control measures to provide information to evaluate their functions and impacts. - Review the Town’s policy for allowing access through town landings to perform shoreline stabilization work on private property. Ensure that applicants carry adequate insurance coverage in case of damage to resources caused by heavy equipment or fuel spills. - Work with the Planning Board to revise, update or extend the Flood Plain Overlay District and Wetlands Conservancy bylaws, based on an evaluation of the bylaw’s effectiveness in meeting its original purpose, and based on a survey of similar measures employed in other communities as recommended by the Cape Cod Commission. F. Maintain the elevation of salt marshes and tidal flats by promoting opportunities for salt marsh migration. - Use the state-of-the-art wetland modeling to assess patterns of salt marsh retreat in Brewster. Model results could then be used to develop salt marsh management plans to counteract loss of marsh due to subsidence or inundation. Management actions could include: o Channel improvements to restore or enhance hydrology. o Evaluate the potential for a pilot project for thin layer deposition of material on any subsided areas of salt marsh plane, in coordination with MassDEP permitting guidance. o Work with the Town’s Open Space Committee, Community Preservation Committee and the Brewster Conservation Trust to identify key parcels for acquisition/conservation restriction and to develop a funding strategy for acquisition/protection of these properties; and develop a framework for tracking and pursuing parcel opportunities. o Identify and remove any remaining undersized culverts that may restrict tidal flow and causing degradation of coastal wetlands. An example is the Crosby salt marsh restoration project. - Develop/update and implement resource management plans to protect large areas of salt marsh. Land Use and Management Plans for Quivett Creek/Paine’s Creek Marsh and Namskaket Marsh should be developed in coordination with Brewster Conservation Trust, MA DCR, and adjacent towns. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: Natural Resources Advisory Committee • Supporting: Natural Resource Dept./Towns of Dennis, Orleans and Eastham • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget/MEMA and FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Protection of Natural Resources, floodplains and infrastructure/Public and Private Property • Vulnerable Area: Repetitive Loss Properties/Floodplains/Public and Private Property/Cultural Resources/Natural Resources/Municipally-owned Infrastructure STRUCTURAL PROJECTS Action #8 …Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report/MVP Implement Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report A. Minimize and mitigate impacts of development in coastal areas: protect vulnerable low roads, groundwater and underground infrastructure. - Elevate low-lying road segments and/or retrofit stormwater management systems to mitigate flooding during storm surge conditions. The following segments were identified in the CAS and being of special concern: o Route 6A at Dennis town line and east of the Cape Cod Museum of Natural History near Paine’s Creek. o Lower Road at Bloomer Path intersection. o Breakwater Road various locations. o Crosby Lane. - Work with the Board of Health to evaluate whether the required separation to groundwater is sufficient, and whether changes in regulation are needed to prevent groundwater intrusion into wells and onsite wastewater treatment systems. B. Develop and initiate projects to increase resilience to projected climate change impacts (e.g., intense rain, storm surge, sea level rise) for critical infrastructure including but not limited to: - Route 6A from the intersection of Paine’s Creek Road west across causeway dividing the marsh. - Stormwater drainage throughout town. - Potentially vulnerable utility infrastructure. C. Conduct a stormwater infrastructure inventory and assessment to prioritize and initiate improvements (e.g., increased catch basin maintenance, culvert replacement) based on projected climate change impacts. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: DPW/Utility Providers • Supporting: Board of Health/Natural Resources Advisory Committee/Planning Dept. • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: MEMA and FEMA Grants/MVP Action Grants • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Protection of Public and Private Property/Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Protection of Infrastructure • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/ Public and Private Property/Municipally-owned Infrastructure Action #9 …Cape Cod Atlas of Tidally Restricted Salt Marshes/2016 Draft Plan Complete remediation work necessary on two large marsh systems: - Site BR-2: Brewster - Cranberry Bog Berm Restriction of Channel off Quivett Creek (Privately Owned): Inactive cranberry bogs dot this marsh. Berms built to support the past cranberry farming are still in place, severing the tidal flow. A six-inch pipe forms the only connection from the bogs to the marsh, allowing in only a fraction of the tidal flow to pass upstream. The scour, bank erosion and vegetation die-off are each evident and are among the worst observed. - Site BR-3: Brewster - Cranberry Bog Berm Restriction of Channel off Quivett Creek (Privately Owned): This site also involves another pipe designed to allow water under an old cranberry bog berm. This pipe prevents any waters from naturally flushing the upstream affected area. The upstream effected area is dominated by Phragmites. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: Brewster Conservation Commission • Supporting: Natural Resources Dept./DPW • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Protection of Natural Resources/Floodplains • Vulnerable Area: Floodplains/Natural Resources EMERGENCY SERVICES Action #10 …Town of Brewster Coastal Adaptation Strategy 2016 Maintain access for emergency vehicles and maintenance. - Emergency response is limited by access of the relevant emergency vehicles, including rescue boats and such access should be maintained at as many landings as possible. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: Fire/Emergency Management • Supporting: Natural Resources Advisory Committee • Time Frame: Short Term • Financing Options: MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Improved Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Natural Resources Action #11 …2016 Draft HMP Conduct a Needs Assessment of privately-owned facilities that have regional importance (medical centers/day care centers). • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: Fire/Emergency Management • Supporting: Town Manager/Select Board • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Reduced Social Distress • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Social Distress Action #12 …2016 Draft HMP Incorporate the inspection and management of hazardous trees/limbs into the Town’s routine monitoring process. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: DPW • Supporting: Police/Fire • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget, MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Emergency Response • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Public and Private Property Action #13 …2016 Draft HMP Mitigate impacts of blowing/drifting snow. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: DPW • Supporting: Police/Fire • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget, MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Emergency Response • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Public and Private Property Action #14 …2016 Draft HMP Develop a program to train emergency responders and residents in management of domestic animals, horses, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, birds, as well as wild animals, during emergencies such as floods, fires, winds, etc. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: Health Agent/Animal Control • Supporting: Natural Resources Dept./Conservation Commission • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget, MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Emergency Response • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare Action #15 …2016 Draft HMP Coordination with Nickerson State Park, Towns of Orleans (Baker’s Pond, Harwich/Harwich Water Dept. (Punkhorn Parklands), and Dennis/Dennis Water Dept. (Punkhorn Parklands and Ellis Farm) on fuel reduction programs and response. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: Fire • Supporting: Towns of Orleans/Dennis • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Reduced Vulnerability to Fire/Reduced Cleanup Costs/Protection of Natural Resources • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Public and Private Property/Fire Management and Response Action #16 …Brewster Health Department Strengthen/Enhance the Brewster Health Dept.’s capacity and capabilities A. Conduct a full-scale exercise to test Brewster’s Medical Emergency Distribution System (MEDS). Test the Town’s MEDS system’s ability to rapidly dispense medical countermeasures to the general public at points of distributions and to predefined populations in hospitals and nursing homes within the Town of Brewster. B. Create a public health nurse position within the Health Department. Create an in-house public health nurse position for communicable disease investigation, resident immunizations, as a liaison to school populations and families, research changing needs of the community/develop new programs accordingly, develop/implement wellness programs, research and seek grant opportunities, create new cooperative relationships and programs to integrate diverse demographic groups in the community (i.e., Council on Aging and Youth Recreation). C. Create a public health communications coordinator position within the Health Department. Create an in-house public health communications coordinator position for the development of appropriate messaging for public health programs, emergency announcements, social media posts, informational literature, promotional programs to highlight the role of the Health Department and Board of Health in the community to garner additional support for programs and positions. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: Brewster Health Department • Supporting: Emergency Management Agency/Select Board • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Improved Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Social Distress PLANNING AND PREVENTION Action #17 …Open Space and Recreation Plan 2021 Provide a variety of recreation and open space opportunities to promote healthy and active lifestyles for Brewster residents, ensuring equitable access for all users and abilities. - Plan for future pandemics that impact access to open space and recreational resources. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: Open Space Committee/Recreation Commission • Supporting: Community Preservation Committee • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: MEMA/FEMA Grants/Community Preservation Act Funds • Cost Estimate: Moderate • Benefit: Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare • Vulnerable Area: Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Social Distress Action #18 …Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report Minimize and mitigate impacts of development in coastal areas: Work with the Planning Board and other stakeholders to evaluate changes to local zoning and regulations to preserve scale, character, and resource protection. - Consider establishing a Coastal Resource District of Critical Planning Concern as a planning process for considering multiple overlapping planning objectives and tools. - Develop and implement a stormwater management bylaw/low impact development zoning bylaw as part of compliance with the MS4 General Permit. - Evaluate the potential benefits of establishing a Coastal Conservancy zoning district with enhanced protections for coastal resources and building scale. - Evaluate zoning restrictions governing the size, height and lot coverage of newly constructed or reconstructed residential dwellings in the coastal resource planning area. - Evaluate the potential benefit of revisions to the Flood Plain Overlay District and Wetlands Conservancy District bylaws to further limit development in velocity zones. Any proposed changes should be based on a thorough assessment of the effectiveness of the current bylaws, and the approaches and experience of other communities with similar circumstances. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: Planning Board • Supporting: Planning Dept./Natural Resource Dept. • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Protection of life/infrastructure, increased awareness of vulnerabilities • Vulnerable Area: Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Social Distress/Natural Resources Action #19 …MVP Identify and initiate projects to provide backup power at the Town Hall, Water Department and drinking water wells to provide critical infrastructure resilience to power outages. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: Fire/Emergency Management/Utility Providers • Supporting: Water Dept. • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: MEMA/FEMA Grants/MVP Action Grants • Cost Estimate: Moderate • Benefit: Improved Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Natural Resources Action #20 …2016 Draft HMP Develop a map indicating hazard sensitive parcels acquired by Brewster. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: Natural Resources Dept. • Supporting: GIS/IT Dept. • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget, MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Reduced Vulnerability to Hazards/Proactive Planning Approach • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Floodplains/Public and Private Property Action #21 …2016 Draft HMP Review of ditch systems and old bogs for preventative maintenance to increase flood capacity. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: DPW • Supporting: Conservation Commission • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget, MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Increased Flood Capacity • Vulnerable Area: Public and Private Property/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Natural Resources Part 2: Prioritize Actions – Quantitative Method Method C – Simple Score Criterion: Cost Benefit Social: Is the action compatible with present and future local community needs and values? - Is the proposed action socially acceptable to the community? - Are there equity issues involved that would mean that one segment of a community is treated unfairly? - Will the action cause social disruption? Technical: Is the action feasible with available local resources (or as supplement by outside resources as necessary)? - Will the proposed action work? - Will it create more problems than it solves? - Does it solve a problem or a symptom? - Is it the most useful action in light of other community goals? Administrative: Does the community have the administrative capacity to implement the action? - Can the community implement the action? - Is there someone to coordinate and lead the effort? - Is there sufficient funding, staff, and technical support available? - Are there ongoing administr ative requirements that need to be met? Political: Is there strong public support to implement and maintain the action? - Is the action politically acceptable? - Is there public support both to implement and to maintain the project? Legal: Does the community have the legal authority to implement the action? - Are there legal side effects (taking)? - Is the action allowed via Comprehensive Plan, or does it need to be amended? - Will the community be liable for the action? - Will the activity be challenged? Economic: Is the action cost-effective? - What are the costs and benefit of the action? - Do the benefits exceed the costs? - Are initial, maintenance, and administrative costs taken into account? - Has funding been secured for the proposed action? - What burden will this action place on the tax base of local economy? - Does the action contribute to other community goals? Environmental: Does the action impact environmental resources, and is the impact positive, negative, or neutral? - Will the action need environmental regulatory approvals? - Will it meet local and state regulatory requirements? Sub-total Priority/Total Score Ranking Descriptions: Very Beneficial: 2 Favorable: 1 Not Applicable: 0 Not Favorable: -1 Name Email Address Peter Lombardi Town Administrator Donna Kalinick Assistant Town Administrator Griffin Ryder DPW Superintendent Paul Anderson Water Department Superintendent Chris Miller Natural Resources Director Victor Staley Building Commissioner Heath Eldredge Police Chief Amy Von Hone Health Director Pat Hughes Coastal Committee Ryan Bennett Town Planner Craig Pereira Project Manager - HWG Town of Brewster, MA Join Zoom Meeting https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88296659243?pwd=bU9ubnVSZnFlcFNxUHhGOG1YbG5 RUT09 Meeting ID: 882 9665 9243 Passcode: 646044 One tap mobile +1-929-436-2866, *646044# US (New York) July 16, 2021 1:00 PM - 2:30 PM Local Hazard Mitigation Committee Meeting #3 Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup Meeting #4: September 27, 2021 Brewster Hazard Mitigation Plan Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup Meeting #4 September 27, 2021 11:00 AM – 12:30 PM 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA Meeting Room B Agenda 1. Mitigation Actions Prioritization 2. Outstanding Data Needs 3. Next Steps Memorandum of Meeting To: Brewster Local Hazard Mitigation Workgroup (LHMW) From: Craig Pereira Date: September 27, 2021 Re: Brewster Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) Development – Meeting #4 In attendance: Peter Lombardi – Town Administrator Donna Kalinick – Assistant Town Administrator Griffin Ryder – DPW Superintendent Paul Anderson – Water Department Superintendent Chris Miller – Natural Resources Director Davis Walters – Building Commissioner Heath Eldredge – Police Chief Amy von Hone – Health Director Kathy Lambert – IT Director Robert Moran – Fire Chief Conor Kenny – Town Planner Consultant Team Craig Pereira, Project Manager - Horsley Witten Group, Inc. (HW) 1. Outstanding Data Needs: o Residential development trends… Craig requested a breakdown of major residential development trends over the past 6 years (2016) to evaluate if the Town is encouraging development outside of the special flood hazard area. Data should include: o Major Residential Development: o Name o Address o Number of units/total SF of commercial space (if mixed use) o Status: completed…pending approval…under construction 2. Mitigation Actions Prioritization: Craig briefly reviewed the Mitigation Actions for Consideration document with the LHMW, including: - Categories for actions - Where the actions came from (identified in red, bold font) - Time Frame description - Cost Estimate description Craig also reviewed the STAPLEE Prioritization Score Sheet with the workgroup. The Final Mitigation Actions and table of STAPLEE prioritization are attached. Horsley Witten Group September 28, 2021 2 3. Next Steps: o Craig will provide the LHMW a summary table of the STAPLEE prioritization and final mitigation actions for review and comment. i. All LHMW members to review and provide feedback on the STAPLEE scoring by October 5, 2021. o Craig will finish the draft plan (absent any content regarding public comments) to the LHMW for their review and comment prior to the start of the public comment period. LHMW members will have two weeks to review and provide feedback. o Select Board does not have to review the draft plan prior to start of the public comment period. o Craig will work with Conor Kenny to finalize the public comment period (anticipated for the month of November) and set the date for the final Public Workshop (within the public comment period). It was determined a Public Hearing with the Select Board (public invited to comment) can serve as the final Public Workshop (to be held virtually via Zoom). i. Conor to check Select Board’s schedule and agenda to select the appropriate date/time. o Once the dates of the public comment period have been set: i. Craig will provide the draft plan to Conor for posting on the project webpage. 1. Conor to post the draft plan on the project webpage. ii. Conor to send out an interdepartmental email, as well as an email to Brewster Boards and Commissions announcing the availability of the draft and dates of the public comment period (directing folks to the plan on the project webpage). All comments should be directed to Craig Pereira at cpereira@horsleywitten.com. Conor to copy Craig on these emails to be included in the Appendices of the plan (required). iii. Craig will send a notice of availability of the draft plan to adjacent communities (Orleans, Harwich and Dennis) and save a copy for the Appendices (required). o Once the date/time of the Public Hearing with the Select Board has been determined: i. Craig will develop a flyer announcing the meeting and provide to Conor. 1. Conor to post flyer on the project webpage and distribute throughout Town Hall and other networks. o Following the completion of the public comment period and Public Hearing: i. Craig to update the draft plan with any required revisions. ii. Craig to provide Conor with a draft Resolution that is required to accompany the draft plan to MEMA (unsigned). 1. Conor to review draft Resolution and request any revisions necessary. iii. Conor to send any substantive changes on the draft plan to the Select Board. iv. Craig to complete the Plan Review Tool (required) to accompany the draft plan submission to MEMA (Jeff Zukowski). v. Craig will submit the plan and Plan Review Tool to MEMA for review and approval (typically a 45-day review period). If no comments returned, plan will get forwarded up to FEMA for review and approval (typically a 45 – 60- day review period). Once FEMA returns the plan ‘Approved Pending Adoption’, the Town will have one year to formally adopt the plan through September 28, 2021 3 the signed Resolution. Signed Resolution needs to be inserted into final plan PDF and forwarded to MEMA for their records. Time Frame: • Short Term = 0 to 6 Months • Medium Term = 6 to 18 Months • Long Term = 18 Months to 5 Years Cost Estimate: • Staff Time – municipal personnel time • Minimal – less than $5,000 • Moderate – more than $5,000, but less than $25,000 • Significant – over $25,000 PUBLIC EDUCATION AND AWARENESS Action #1 …Town of Brewster Vision Plan 2018 Adapt to climate change projections and advance adaptation and resiliency techniques that are financially and environmentally sustainable. - Identify techniques such as living shorelines, nourishment from dredged material, and land acquisition for retreat locations to adapt to coastal changes. - Provide outreach and education (signs, field trips, publications) to build awareness of citizens and decision makers about the nature of coastal changes. • Action Type: Planning, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 20 • Lead: Conservation Commission/Natural Resources Dept. • Supporting: Natural Resources Commission • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Protection of property, life and infrastructure/Increased awareness of vulnerabilities • Vulnerable Area: Municipally-owned Infrastructure/Coastal Wetlands/Private Property Action #2 …Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report/Storm Tide Pathways Study Implement Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report/Storm Tide Pathways Study: A. Increase public awareness of the importance of healthy coastal wetlands and natural coastal processes, and the need to protect these resource. Education materials should be aimed at shoreline property owners, among others, to discuss the importance of natural sediment transport processes, and best practices for vegetation management, erosion management, and buffer protection, etc. This effort should be coordinated with the development of permitting guidance. B. Use best available tools to understand the potential impact of storm surge on public and private property, sensitive infrastructure and natural resources, and to develop strategies and plans to avoid, minimize or mitigate adverse impacts, including tools made available through the Cape Cod Commission’s Resilient Cape Cod project, MVP program, and the storm tides pathways assessment project being undertaken by the Barnstable County Extension Service and Center for Coastal Studies. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 26 • Lead: Natural Resources Dept. • Supporting: Natural Resources Advisory Group • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Protection of property, life, infrastructure and natural resources/Increased awareness of vulnerabilities • Vulnerable Area: Repetitive Loss Properties/Floodplains/Municipally-owned Infrastructure/Emergency Response and Public Health/Private Property Action #3 …MVP/2016 Draft Plan/HW Increased the public’s awareness of hazard vulnerabilities: A. Develop a Preparedness Campaign for the general public (i.e., residents and seasonal guests) and the private sector that includes guidance and checklists, as well as recommendations to increase community resilience to the impacts of climate change (e.g., extreme weather, health impacts). B. Annually host a public hazards display for the residents of Brewster in combination with the ‘Brewster in Bloom’ festival or another appropriate community event. Ensure that such a display will also be hosted during the summer months, when part-time residents are in Town. C. Distribute Tourist Evacuation and Shelter Information Out of state tourists may not be familiar with local authorities, evacuation routes, locations of designated shelters, or know what to expect if police-enforced evacuation becomes necessary. Distribute information on town evacuation routes and emergency shelters to hotels, Bed and Breakfasts, real estate agencies dealing with seasonal rentals, and other facilities and events hosting tourists. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 26 • Lead: Fire Dept./Emergency Management/Police Dept. • Supporting: Planning Dept. • Time Frame: Short Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time/MVP Action Grants • Benefit: Protection of property, life and infrastructure/Increased awareness of vulnerabilities/Accelerated evacuation • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Public and Private Property/Social Distress NATURAL RESOURCE PROTECTION Action #4 …Open Space and Recreation Plan 2021 Implement Brewster Open Space and Recreation Plan: A. Protect the Town’s drinking water supply to meet the needs of residents and visitors today and in the future. Protect existing public supply wells from land-based sources of contamination. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 26 • Lead: Water Dept./Community Preservation Committee • Supporting: Natural Resources Dept./Recreation Dept./Open Space Committee • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget/FEMA and MEMA Grants/Community Preservation Act Fund • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Protection of drinking water supply/Protection of natural resources • Vulnerable Area: Municipally-owned Infrastructure/Natural Resources Action #5 …Integrated Water Resources Management Plan 2013 Update Zoning Bylaws and Subdivision Rules/Regulations to protect public supply wells. - Strengthen the Water Conservation Bylaw (Chapter 112, Article 1 of the Brewster Town Code). - Strengthen the Zoning Bylaw provision for drinking water quality protection by mandating the Natural Resource Protection Design (NRPD) in its District of Critical Planning Concern (DCPC), rather than ‘encouraging it’. - Implement a Stormwater Management Bylaw. - Encourage Low Impact Development (LID). • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 26 • Lead: Planning Board • Supporting: Planning Dept./Water Dept. • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Protection of life/infrastructure, increased awareness of vulnerabilities • Vulnerable Area: Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Social Distress/Natural Resources Action #6 …Town of Brewster Coastal Adaptation Strategy 2016 Implement Brewster Coastal Adaptation Strategy A. Identify and acquire new access points to the shoreline. - The Town should evaluate possible new access points to the shoreline through collaboration with existing property owners, including state and town-owned land and private properties. The Town should also evaluate how existing satellite parking facilities could be used or expanded, or if new satellite parking areas and pathways to the shore could be created without impacting sensitive resources. - Identify and plan for the acquisition of parcels that may provide for future access. The proximity of the parcels to sensitive wetland areas and the potential impacts from climate change should be included in the planning process to select sites that will create viable access over the long term. B. Periodically evaluate the beach management process to evaluate how well it is working and to incorporate lessons learned over time. - Ongoing beach management promotes safe access to the shore through repairs to the town landings after storm events. Therefore, the Town should continue its ongoing work to restore areas at the town landings impacted by storm events. This can include beach nourishment and dune restoration to replace sand lost during a storm: the planting of beach grass and the use of dune fencing to stabilize dunes; and the repair or replacement of pathways, stairs, or ramps used to access the beach. C. Promoting wetland retreat as sea level rises helps to preserve the valuable habitat and storm damage prevention function of coastal wetlands. The Town should identify opportunities to promote and support wetland retreat to preserve coastal wetlands, including salt marshes to the extent feasible. Strategies to consider include: - Mapping of low-lying areas where wetland retreat is possible. - Land acquisition and preservation in areas directly adjacent to existing wetlands to allow for wetland retreat as sea level rises. - Incorporation of wetland retreat assessments into plans for the development or redevelopment of properties adjacent to existing wetlands. - Development of regulatory guidelines to require that wetland retreat adaptation be incorporated into future development plans. - Removal of restrictions to tidal flow into upstream marshes to promote the inland migration of coastal wetlands. - Removal of pavement and fill in wetland areas, and/or design and implementation of improved stormwater management where feasible to reduce impacts to existing wetlands. D. Continuing research and analysis is needed to manage access to Brewster’s shoreline into the future which may include additional monitoring. Further analysis and monitoring of the migration of sediment along the coast is needed to understand how the offshore flats will respond to a rising sea level and whether or not they will remain above water at low tide. The scientific understanding of wetland retreat and salt marsh migration under increasing sea levels will mature over time and any new information should be incorporated into the Town’s plans for managing wetland retreat. Future data on the rate of sea level rise can also be used to manage and prioritize future adaptation projects. The Town should also consider the potential contributions to climate change of adaptation options when evaluating different approaches. The Management Plan could evaluate the implementation of a coastal overlay district to control future development in areas impacted by climate change and manage the rebuilding of existing development in these areas. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 22 • Lead: Natural Resources Dept./Natural Resources Advisory Committee • Supporting: Brewster Open Space Committee/Community Preservation Committee • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: MEMA/FEMA grants/Community Preservation Act Funds • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Protection of cultural and natural resources • Vulnerable Area: Public and Private Property/Cultural Resources/Natural Resources/Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Municipally-owned Infrastructure/Floodplains Action #7 …Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report Implement Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report A. Periodically assess coastal resources conditions for comparison with baseline conditions. Monitor and assess physical processes to support short-term management decisions and long-term planning. - Every five years (next in 2021) update projections of sea level rise and storm surge and the modeled impacts of these forces on public beaches and landings, infrastructure and coastal resources. - Update tidal benchmarks; track and record highest annual high tide as proxy for effects of sea level rise. - Evaluate the potential benefit, cost and candidate locations for installing one or more tide gauge (s) and a wave buoy to provide localized data on trends in tidal dynamics. - Evaluate the potential benefit, cost and candidate location for installing a wave height buoy. - Evaluate the potential usefulness of establishing a volunteer-based program to monitor changes in beach profiles. B. Periodically assess coastal resources on a regional scale. - The 2015 Century Scale Sediment Budget should be updated in tandem with the sea level rise (next in 2021) to assess trends in sediment movement within the littoral cell that encompasses Brewster’s shoreline. This effort should be evaluated and potentially undertaken in cooperation with Dennis, Orleans and Eastham. The assessment should include recommendations for monitoring protocols and potential management actions necessary to increase resiliency of Brewster’s shoreline and ensure that tidal flats keep pace with sea level rise. - Participate with the Barnstable County Extension and Center for Coastal Studies in developing a Storm Tide Pathway for Brewster. The Storm Tide Pathways project will encompass the entire Cape Cod Bay shoreline and may provide a basis for additional coordinated efforts among towns sharing the same littoral cell. - Consider development of a regional framework for coastal resilience. o Develop a management plan for the Inner Cape Cod Bay Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC), in concert with the other towns sharing the ACEC. Such a plan could encompass studies of sea level rise and sediment budget, regional sediment management, and other ACEC resource issues. o Consider establishing a regional coastal resilience planning group among towns in the same littoral cell (Dennis , Orleans, Eastham) to identify/study issues of shared concern cost effectively. Regional coordination could increase funding opportunities. This could be in concert with the existing Barnstable County Coastal Resources Committee, or the Cape Cod Commission’s Resilient Cape Cod, Cape Cod Bay Work Group. C. Adopt long-term coastal management resiliency strategies. - Evaluate resilient shoreline management practices (those that mimic natural coastal processes) and identify where on Brewster’s shoreline they might be applied. o Preserve coastal landforms and vegetation that provide buffers to erosion caused by storm surge. Salt marsh and fronting coastal dunes have been shown to be effective in mitigation erosion along Brewster’s Cape Cod Bay shoreline. o Beach and dune nourishment practices for public and private beaches: Mant’s, Paine’s Point of Rocks. o Dune protection (vegetation, fencing) and reconstruction: Mant’s, Breakwater Beach, Point of Rocks. o Create a living shoreline demonstration project: oyster reef at Mant’s Landing. o Managed retreat similar to the relocation of the Paine’s Creek parking lot: locations to be determined. - Evaluate changes to the existing groin field, including potential removal/attrition of groins or other structures on the shoreline that impede coastal processes or hasten erosion. Evaluate whether existing groins could impede sediment transport necessary to sustain the tidal flats under different sea level rise scenarios. - Enhance stormwater management to minimize or eliminate erosion caused by overland run-off. o Implement the stormwater management improvements identified in Brewster’s Integrated Water Resource Management Plan and the work being undertaken on MS4 General Permit compliance. o Prioritize stormwater improvements in any locations where infrastructure could reduce or eliminate erosion caused by run-off. o Provide funding for ongoing maintenance of existing or proposed improvements, possibly through the creation of a stormwater utility. o Design and adopt a stormwater management bylaw to enhance stormwater management on public and private property; and ensure that issues related to coastal erosion, use of green infrastructure and use of best management practices are incorporated. - Evaluate policy and regulatory changes to promote coastal resiliency. o Evaluate the potential for implementing a flood plain bylaw to, among other things, “restrict or prohibit development and uses on Land Subject to Coastal Storm Flowage (i.e., 100-year coastal floodplain) and its buffer zones in order to minimize potential loss of life, destruction of property, and environmental damage inevitably resulting from inappropriate development on land known to be subject to storms, flooding, erosion, relative sea rise and other coastal zone hazards,” (Cape Cod Commission model bylaw). The Cape Cod Commission model bylaw and efforts implemented in other towns should be evaluated to determine policies applicable to Brewster. o Develop permitting guidance for erosion control activities on private properties, and work with the Conservation Commission to apply the guidance in the review of Notices of Intent and issuance of Orders of Condition. - Ensure consistency with other planning efforts. D. Promote management and maintenance of public access points to increase resilience. - Create a coastal resiliency toolkit consisting of best practices for sustainable design, management and maintenance of town-owned landings and beaches. The toolkit should make use of the work being undertaken through the Cape Cod Commission’s Resilient Cape Cod project, and other proven techniques, including: o Managed retreat of parking areas and structures. o Use of articulated mats to provide stability under ramps and parking areas. o Use of beach grass planting, beach nourishment, and dune nourishment/rebuilding/stabilization, among other initiatives. - Develop a sustainable funding source, possibly through an environmental bond bill offset by short term rental tax revenues, potential increase in deeds tax revenues, town beach sticker revenues or other sources for resilient maintenance and management actions that balance needs for access, public safety, natural resource sustainability, and coastal resiliency; and that meet local and state permitting requirements. These measures include: repair stairs/ramps/walkways (including measures needed for improved handicapped accessibility). A proactive, resilient maintenance program may lower long-term costs by reducing the potential need for emergency repairs. - Conduct technical alternatives assessments for resilient capital projects needed to address erosion pressure and preserve access at highly threatened town- owned access points. Mant’s Landing and Paine’s Creek are currently experiencing significant erosion and should be prioritized for evaluation and possible resilient capital projects. E. Preserve natural sediment transport processes in balance with erosion. Evaluate policy and regulatory changes to protect wetland resources. - Work with the Conservation Commission to evaluate the Town’s wetlands protection bylaw and regulations to determine if any changes would provide enhanced protection of coastal wetlands and natural coastal processes. Areas of exploration could include, but not limited to: o Potential to incorporate the sediment budget into the local wetlands bylaw and regulations to regulate protection of upland development differently in eroding areas. o For all new or renewed Orders of Condition for erosion management, require analysis of cumulative system-wide impacts, and require adherence to best practices for shoreline erosion management structures. o Adopt permitting guidelines based on Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant publication Spectrum of Erosion Control Methods. The recent publication of Guidelines for Erosion Management in Pleasant Bay provides a guide. o Require maintenance and nourishment of erosion management structures. o Incorporate monitoring requirements for erosion control measures to provide information to evaluate their functions and impacts. - Review the Town’s policy for allowing access through town landings to perform shoreline stabilization work on private property. Ensure that applicants carry adequate insurance coverage in case of damage to resources caused by heavy equipment or fuel spills. - Work with the Planning Board to revise, update or extend the Flood Plain Overlay District and Wetlands Conservancy bylaws, based on an evaluation of the bylaw’s effectiveness in meeting its original purpose, and based on a survey of similar measures employed in other communities as recommended by the Cape Cod Commission. F. Maintain the elevation of salt marshes and tidal flats by promoting opportunities for salt marsh migration. - Use the state-of-the-art wetland modeling to assess patterns of salt marsh retreat in Brewster. Model results could then be used to develop salt marsh management plans to counteract loss of marsh due to subsidence or inundation. Management actions could include: o Channel improvements to restore or enhance hydrology. o Evaluate the potential for a pilot project for thin layer deposition of material on any subsided areas of salt marsh plane, in coordination with MassDEP permitting guidance. o Work with the Town’s Open Space Committee, Community Preservation Committee and the Brewster Conservation Trust to identify key parcels for acquisition/conservation restriction and to develop a funding strategy for acquisition/protection of these properties; and develop a framework for tracking and pursuing parcel opportunities. o Identify and remove any remaining undersized culverts that may restrict tidal flow and causing degradation of coastal wetlands. An example is the Crosby salt marsh restoration project. - Develop/update and implement resource management plans to protect large areas of salt marsh. Land Use and Management Plans for Quivett Creek/Paine’s Creek Marsh and Namskaket Marsh should be developed in coordination with Brewster Conservation Trust, MA DCR, and adjacent towns. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 22 • Lead: Natural Resources Advisory Committee • Supporting: Natural Resource Dept./Towns of Dennis, Orleans and Eastham • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget/MEMA and FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Protection of Natural Resources, floodplains and infrastructure/Public and Private Property • Vulnerable Area: Repetitive Loss Properties/Floodplains/Public and Private Property/Cultural Resources/Natural Resources/Municipally-owned Infrastructure STRUCTURAL PROJECTS Action #8 …Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report/MVP Implement Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report A. Minimize and mitigate impacts of development in coastal areas: protect vulnerable low roads, groundwater and underground infrastructure. - Elevate low-lying road segments and/or retrofit stormwater management systems to mitigate flooding during storm surge conditions. The following segments were identified in the CAS and being of special concern: o Route 6A at Dennis town line and east of the Cape Cod Museum of Natural History near Paine’s Creek. o Lower Road at Bloomer Path intersection. o Breakwater Road various locations. o Crosby Lane. - Work with the Board of Health to evaluate whether the required separation to groundwater is sufficient, and whether changes in regulation are needed to prevent groundwater intrusion into wells and onsite wastewater treatment systems. B. Develop and initiate projects to increase resilience to projected climate change impacts (e.g., intense rain, storm surge, sea level rise) for critical infrastructure including but not limited to: - Route 6A from the intersection of Paine’s Creek Road west across causeway dividing the marsh. - Stormwater drainage throughout town. - Potentially vulnerable utility infrastructure. C. Conduct a stormwater infrastructure inventory and assessment to prioritize and initiate improvements (e.g., increased catch basin maintenance, culvert replacement) based on projected climate change impacts. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 25 • Lead: DPW/Utility Providers • Supporting: Board of Health/Natural Resources Advisory Committee/Planning Dept. • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: MEMA and FEMA Grants/MVP Action Grants • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Protection of Public and Private Property/Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Protection of Infrastructure • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/ Public and Private Property/Municipally-owned Infrastructure Action #9 …Cape Cod Atlas of Tidally Restricted Salt Marshes/2016 Draft Plan Complete remediation work necessary on two large marsh systems: - Site BR-2: Brewster - Cranberry Bog Berm Restriction of Channel off Quivett Creek (Privately Owned): Inactive cranberry bogs dot this marsh. Berms built to support the past cranberry farming are still in place, severing the tidal flow. A six-inch pipe forms the only connection from the bogs to the marsh, allowing in only a fraction of the tidal flow to pass upstream. The scour, bank erosion and vegetation die-off are each evident and are among the worst observed. - Site BR-3: Brewster - Cranberry Bog Berm Restriction of Channel off Quivett Creek (Privately Owned): This site also involves another pipe designed to allow water under an old cranberry bog berm. This pipe prevents any waters from naturally flushing the upstream affected area. The upstream effected area is dominated by Phragmites. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 18 • Lead: Brewster Conservation Commission • Supporting: Natural Resources Dept./DPW • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Protection of Natural Resources/Floodplains • Vulnerable Area: Floodplains/Natural Resources EMERGENCY SERVICES Action #10 …Town of Brewster Coastal Adaptation Strategy 2016 Maintain access for emergency vehicles and maintenance. - Emergency response is limited by access of the relevant emergency vehicles, including rescue boats and such access should be maintained at as many landings as possible. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 22 • Lead: Fire/Emergency Management • Supporting: Natural Resources Advisory Committee • Time Frame: Short Term • Financing Options: MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Improved Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Natural Resources Action #11 …2016 Draft HMP Conduct a Needs Assessment of privately-owned facilities that have regional importance (medical centers/day care centers). • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 21 • Lead: Fire/Emergency Management • Supporting: Town Manager/Select Board • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Reduced Social Distress • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Social Distress Action #12 …2016 Draft HMP Incorporate the inspection and management of hazardous trees/limbs into the Town’s routine monitoring process. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 23 • Lead: DPW • Supporting: Police/Fire • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget, MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Emergency Response • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Public and Private Property Action #13 …2016 Draft HMP Mitigate impacts of blowing/drifting snow. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 22 • Lead: DPW • Supporting: Police/Fire • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget, MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Emergency Response • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Public and Private Property Action #14 …2016 Draft HMP Develop a program to train emergency responders and residents in management of domestic animals, horses, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, birds, as well as wild animals, during emergencies such as floods, fires, winds, etc. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 17 • Lead: Health Agent/Animal Control • Supporting: Natural Resources Dept./Conservation Commission • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget, MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Emergency Response • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare Action #15 …2016 Draft HMP Coordination with Nickerson State Park, Towns of Orleans (Baker’s Pond, Harwich/Harwich Water Dept. (Punkhorn Parklands), and Dennis/Dennis Water Dept. (Punkhorn Parklands and Ellis Farm) on fuel reduction programs and response. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 21 • Lead: Fire • Supporting: Towns of Orleans/Dennis • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Reduced Vulnerability to Fire/Reduced Cleanup Costs/Protection of Natural Resources • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Public and Private Property/Fire Management and Response Action #16 …Brewster Health Department Strengthen/Enhance the Brewster Health Dept.’s capacity and capabilities A. Conduct a full-scale exercise to test Brewster’s Medical Emergency Distribution System (MEDS). Test the Town’s MEDS system’s ability to rapidly dispense medical countermeasures to the general public at points of distributions and to predefined populations in hospitals and nursing homes within the Town of Brewster. B. Create a public health nurse position within the Health Department. Create an in-house public health nurse position for communicable disease investigation, resident immunizations, as a liaison to school populations and families, research changing needs of the community/develop new programs accordingly, develop/implement wellness programs, research and seek grant opportunities, create new cooperative relationships and programs to integrate diverse demographic groups in the community (i.e., Council on Aging and Youth Recreation). C. Create a public health communications coordinator position within the Health Department. Create an in-house public health communications coordinator position for the development of appropriate messaging for public health programs, emergency announcements, social media posts, informational literature, promotional programs to highlight the role of the Health Department and Board of Health in the community to garner additional support for programs and positions. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 18 • Lead: Brewster Health Department • Supporting: Emergency Management Agency/Select Board • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget • Cost Estimate: Significant • Benefit: Improved Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Social Distress PLANNING AND PREVENTION Action #17 …Open Space and Recreation Plan 2021 Provide a variety of recreation and open space opportunities to promote healthy and active lifestyles for Brewster residents, ensuring equitable access for all users and abilities. - Plan for future pandemics that impact access to open space and recreational resources. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 21 • Lead: Open Space Committee/Recreation Commission • Supporting: Community Preservation Committee • Time Frame: Long Term • Financing Options: MEMA/FEMA Grants/Community Preservation Act Funds • Cost Estimate: Moderate • Benefit: Improved Public Health, Safety and Welfare • Vulnerable Area: Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Social Distress Action #18 …Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan, Phase 1 Report Minimize and mitigate impacts of development in coastal areas: Work with the Planning Board and other stakeholders to evaluate changes to local zoning and regulations to preserve scale, character, and resource protection (adopt Coastal Resilience Bylaw). - Consider establishing a Coastal Resource District of Critical Planning Concern as a planning process for considering multiple overlapping planning objectives and tools. - Develop and implement a stormwater management bylaw/low impact development zoning bylaw as part of compliance with the MS4 General Permit. - Evaluate the potential benefits of establishing a Coastal Conservancy zoning district with enhanced protections for coastal resources and building scale. - Evaluate zoning restrictions governing the size, height and lot coverage of newly constructed or reconstructed residential dwellings in the coastal resource planning area. - Evaluate the potential benefit of revisions to the Flood Plain Overlay District and Wetlands Conservancy District bylaws to further limit development in velocity zones. Any proposed changes should be based on a thorough assessment of the effectiveness of the current bylaws, and the approaches and experience of other communities with similar circumstances. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 21 • Lead: Planning Board • Supporting: Planning Dept./Natural Resource Dept. • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget, MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Moderate • Benefit: Protection of life/infrastructure, increased awareness of vulnerabilities • Vulnerable Area: Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Social Distress/Natural Resources Action #19………………………..Delete, already happened/happening …MVP Identify and initiate projects to provide backup power at the Town Hall, Water Department and drinking water wells to provide critical infrastructure resilience to power outages. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: Fire/Emergency Management/Utility Providers • Supporting: Water Dept. • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: MEMA/FEMA Grants/MVP Action Grants • Cost Estimate: Moderate • Benefit: Improved Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Natural Resources Action #20 …2016 Draft HMP Develop a map indicating hazard sensitive parcels acquired by Brewster…delete, already happening • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: • Lead: Natural Resources Dept. • Supporting: GIS/IT Dept. • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget, MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Reduced Vulnerability to Hazards/Proactive Planning Approach • Vulnerable Area: Emergency Response/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Floodplains/Public and Private Property Action #21 …2016 Draft HMP Review of ditch systems and old bogs for preventative maintenance to increase flood capacity. • Action Type: Mitigation, Pre-Disaster • Priority Score: 16 • Lead: DPW • Supporting: Conservation Commission • Time Frame: Medium Term • Financing Options: Municipal Budget, MEMA/FEMA Grants • Cost Estimate: Municipal Personnel Time • Benefit: Increased Flood Capacity • Vulnerable Area: Public and Private Property/Public Health, Safety and Welfare/Natural Resources Name Email Address Chris Miller Paul Anderson Heath Eldredge Griffin Ryder Davis Walters Conor Kenny Amy von Hone Kathy Lambert Robert Moran Peter Lombardi Craig Pereira Donna Kalinick Town of Brewster, MA Town of Brewster Offices September 27, 2021 11:30 AM - 12:30 PM Local Hazard Mitigation Committee Meeting #4 2198 Main Street Meeting Room B Public Workshop #2: November 30, 2021 Come hear about the process to date and the mitigation actions developed as part of the plan. About the Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan The Town of Brewster has developed a draft Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. This plan is important because it helps the Town plan and receive funding for projects that reduce the risk of injury or damage to property from future natural, communicable, human-caused or technological hazard events such as flooding, hurricanes or cyber security. This Multi- Hazard Mitigation Plan builds on previous work already completed by the Town including the Brewster Coastal Adaptation Strategy (September 2016), Town of Brewster Vision Plan (2018), the Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan (2019), and the Municipal Vulnerability Preparedness Plan (2019). For more information please visit: https://www.brewster-ma.gov/departments-mainmenu-26/planning-department-mainmenu-104/2908-brewster-hazard -mitigation-plan Contact Craig Pereira—Project Manager Horsley Witten Group, Inc. 55 Dorrance St. Suite 200 Providence, RI 02903 cpereira@horsleywitten.com Phone: (401) 272-1717 Town of Brewster Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Virtual Public Workshop Tuesday, November 30, 2021 6:00 PM—8:00 PM Please click the link below to join the webinar: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/81177153357?pwd=YTFBQnBNRHJTWWFGV3c3WmNuT1BMUT09 Passcode: 086700 US: +1 301 715 8592 or +1 312 626 6799 Webinar ID: 811 7715 3357 Passcode: 086700 12/1/2021 1 Town of Brewster, MA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Public Workshop #2 Craig Pereira, CFM Project Manager – Horsley Witten Group November 30, 2021 6:00 PM – 8:00 PM Virtual Virtual Platform 2 A Request of Participants In the Chat area to Conor Kenny: Your Full Name Are you a resident, business owner, municipal employee? 3 Welcome… WELCOME! 4 Town of Brewster, MA Local Hazard Mitigation Committee –Paul Anderson, Water Department Superintendent –Conor Kenny, Project Manager (Ryan Bennett, former Town Planner) –Heath Eldredge, Police Chief –Griffin Ryder, DPW Superintendent –Pat Hughes, Coastal Committee –Don Labonte, Resident/CERT –Peter Lombardi, Town Administrator –Donna Kalinick, Assistant Town Administrator –Chris Miller, Natural Resources Director –Robert Moran, Fire Chief –Davis Walters, Building Commissioner –Amy von Hone, Health Department Director 5 Why Hazard Mitigation Planning? Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, Interim Final Rule, 44 CFR Parts 201 and 206 states, “All communities must have an approved Multiple Hazards Mitigation Plan in order to qualify for future federal disaster mitigation grants”. Reduction or elimination of long‐term risk to life, property, and the environment. 6 12 34 56 12/1/2021 2 Mission Statement The purpose of the Brewster Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan is to reduce future damages to life, property, infrastructure, and natural, cultural, and economic resources from natural, human‐ caused and technological hazards and to decrease the number of hazard areas and impediments to rescue/evacuation and clean‐ up that currently exist in the Town. 7 Mitigation Process Assess Risks Establish Goals Identify Projects/Actions Update/Maintain Plan 8 Assess Risks… Natural Hazards 9 Flood‐related hazards Riverine/Flash Flooding Inland/Urban Flooding/Heavy Rain Dam Failure Coastal Flooding Sea Level Rise Storm Surge Coastal Erosion/Shoreline Change Winter‐related hazards Blizzards/Heavy Snow Nor’ easters Extreme Cold Geologic‐related hazards Earthquakes Landslides Climate Change…As one of the most pressing issues with both direct and indirect impacts on the range of natural hazards the town is vulnerable to, it has been included as a ‘climate change impacts on’ section to each natural hazard profiled. Assess Risks… Natural Hazards 10 Wind‐related hazards Hurricanes Tornadoes High Winds Lightning/Thunderstorms Hail Tropical Storms Urban/Wildfire‐related hazards Urban Fire/Wildfire Drought‐related hazards Drought Extreme Heat Invasive Species‐related hazards Invasive Species Communicable‐related hazards Infectious Disease Risk Assessment Hazard Index Natural Hazards 11 Assess Risks… Human-Caused/Technological Hazards 12 Human‐Caused Hazards Cyber Incident Terrorism Civil Unrest Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear Technological Hazards Infrastructure Failure Hazardous Materials Accident/Spill Major Aircraft Crash Catastrophic Dam Failure 78 910 11 12 12/1/2021 3 Risk Assessment Hazard Index Human-caused and Technological Hazards 13 Economic Vulnerability Analyses Various Scenarios 14 Social Vulnerability 15 Public Infrastructure and Emergency Lifelines ‐ Communications ‐ Emergency Services ‐Energy ‐ Information Technology ‐ Transportation Systems ‐ Water/Wastewater Systems Evacuation/Population at Risk Environmental Vulnerability 16 Direct Impacts ‐ Loss of Habitat ‐ Salinization of land and groundwater Indirect Impacts ‐ Inland damage to the built environment ‐ Threats to ecosystems and species ‐ Contamination of potable water supply Capability Assessment 17 Planning and Regulatory ‐ Storm Tide Pathways project ‐ Open Space and Recreation Plan ‐ Coastal Adaptation Study Administrative and Technical ‐ Local Emergency Planning Committee ‐ECEMP ‐ Municipal Website Financial ‐ FEMA HMGP/BRIC/FMA ‐EOEEA MVP Initiative Goals 18 1. To reduce the potential loss of life, property, critical facilities, infrastructure, environmental resources and landforms and cultural resources from natural disasters. 2. To educate residents and policy makers about natural hazard risk and vulnerability, so as to encourage hazard mitigation planning as part of the municipal planning process. 3. To implement cost effective and feasible mitigation projects, funded whenever possible with grant programs. 4. To coordinate Brewster hazard mitigation planning with neighboring towns in the mid and lower Cape Cod Region and Barnstable County. 5. To reduce potential financial losses incurred by municipal, residential and commercial establishments due to disasters. 6. To ensure that mitigation measures are context‐sensitive to natural features, historic resources and community character. 13 14 15 16 17 18 12/1/2021 4 Mitigation Strategy Mitigation actions identified from: Carry Over from 2016 draft plan MVP Report LHMW Coordination Various Plans, Studies and Reports HWG/Consultant 19 Mitigation Measures…Categories 20 Social…is the action socially acceptable? Technical…is the action technically feasible and provide appropriate level of protection? Administrative…does the Town have the capability to complete the action? Political…will the Town support or oppose the project? Legal…does the Town have the legal authority to complete the action? Economic…is the action cost‐effective? Environmental…will the action affect the natural environment? Mitigation Measures…Categories Planning and Prevention Property Protection Natural Resource Protection Structural Projects Emergency Services, and Public Education and Awareness 21 Mitigation Actions 22 Time Frames •Short Term: 0 – < 6 months •Medium Term: > 6 – < 18 months •Long Term: 18 months – 5 years Cost Ranges •Staff Time: Municipal personnel time •Minimal: < $5,000 •Moderate: > $5,000 but < $25,000 •Significant: > $25,000 2021 Mitigation Strategy 23 PUBLIC EDUCATION AND AWARENESS Action #1 Town of Brewster Vision Plan 2018 Adapt to climate change projections and advance adaptation and resiliency techniques that are financially and environmentally sustainable. Action #2 Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan/Storm Tide Pathways Study Implement Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan/Storm Tide Pathways Study. ‐ Increase public awareness of the importance of healthy coastal wetlands and natural coastal processes, and the need to protect these resources. ‐ Use best available tools to understand the potential impact of storm surge on public and private property, sensitive infrastructure and natural resources, and to develop strategies and plans to avoid, minimize or mitigate adverse impacts, including tools made available through the Cape Cod Commission’s Resilient Cape Cod project, MVP program, and the Storm Tide Pathways Assessment project. 2021 Mitigation Strategy 24 PUBLIC EDUCATION AND AWARENESS Action #3 MVP/2016 Draft HMP/HW Increase the public’s awareness of hazard vulnerabilities: ‐ Develop a preparedness campaign for the general public (i.e., residents and seasonal guests) and the private sector that includes guidance and checklists, as well as recommendations to increase community resilience to the impacts of climate change. ‐ Annually host a public hazards display for the residents of Brewster in combination with the ‘Brewster in Bloom’ festival or another appropriate community event. Ensure that such a display will also be hosted during the summer months, when part‐time residents are in Town. ‐ Distribute tourist evacuation and shelter information. 19 20 21 22 23 24 12/1/2021 5 2021 Mitigation Strategy 25 NATURAL RESOURCE PROTECTION Action #4 Open Space and Recreation Plan Implement Brewster Open Space and Recreation Plan: ‐ Protect the Town’s drinking water supply to meet the needs of residents and visitors today and in the future. Action #5 Integrated Water Resources Management Plan 2013 Update Zoning Bylaws and Subdivision Rules/Regulations to protect public supply wells. ‐ Strengthen the Water Conservation Bylaw. ‐ Strengthen the Zoning Bylaw provision for drinking water quality protection by mandating the Natural Resource Protection Design in its District of Critical Planning Concern, rather than ‘encouraging it’. ‐ Implement a Stormwater Management Bylaw. ‐ Encourage Low Impact Development. 2021 Mitigation Strategy 26 NATURAL RESOURCE PROTECTION Action #6 Brewster Coastal Adaptation Plan Implement Brewster Coastal adaptation Strategy: ‐ Identify and acquire new access points to the shoreline. ‐ Periodically evaluate the beach management process to evaluate how well it is working and to incorporate lessons learned over time. ‐ Identify opportunities to promote and support wetland retreat to preserve coastal wetlands, including salt marshes to the extent feasible. ‐ Analyze and monitor the migration of sediment along the coast to understand how the offshore flats will respond to a rising sea level and whether or not they will remain above water at low tide. 2021 Mitigation Strategy 27 NATURAL RESOURCE PROTECTION Action #7 Coastal Resource Management Plan Implement Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan: ‐ Periodically assess coastal resources conditions for comparison with baseline conditions. Monitor and assess physical processes to support short‐term management decisions and long‐term planning. ‐ Periodically assess coastal resources on a regional scale. ‐ Adopt long‐term coastal management resiliency strategies. ‐ Promote management and maintenance of public access points to increase resilience. ‐ Preserve natural sediment transport processes in balance with erosion. Evaluate policy and regulatory changes to protect wetland resources. ‐ Maintain the elevation of salt marshes and tidal flats by promoting opportunities for salt marsh migration. 2021 Mitigation Strategy 28 STRUCTURAL PROJECTS Action #8 Coastal Resource Management Plan/MVP Implement Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan: ‐ Minimize and mitigate impacts of development in coastal areas: protect vulnerable low roads, groundwater and underground infrastructure. ‐ Elevate low‐lying road segments and/or retrofit stormwater management systems to mitigate flooding during storm surge conditions: ‐ Route 6A at Dennis town line and east of Cape Cod Museum of Natural History ‐ Lower Road at Bloomer Path intersection. ‐ Breakwater Road various locations. ‐Crosby Lane 2021 Mitigation Strategy 29 STRUCTURAL PROJECTS Action #8 (continued)Coastal Resource Management Plan/MVP Implement Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan: ‐ Develop and initiate projects to increase resilience to projected climate change impacts (e.g. intense rain, storm surge, sea level rise) for critical infrastructure including, but not limited to: ‐ Route 6A from the intersection of Paine’s Creek Road west across causeway dividing the marsh. ‐ Stormwater drainage throughout town. ‐ Potentially vulnerable utility infrastructure. ‐ Conduct a stormwater infrastructure inventory and assessment to prioritize and initiate improvements (e.g. increased catch basin maintenance, culvert replacement) based on projected climate change impacts. 2021 Mitigation Strategy 30 STRUCTURAL PROJECTS Action #9 Cape Cod Atlas of Tidally Restricted Salt Marshes/2016 Draft HMP Complete remediation work necessary on two marsh systems: ‐ Site BR‐2: Brewster Cranberry Bog Berm Restriction of Channel off Quivett Creek (privately owned). ‐ Site BR‐3: Brewster Cranberry Bog Berm Restriction of Channel off Quivett Creek (privately owned). EMERGENCY SERVICES Action #10 Coastal Adaptation Strategy 2016 Maintain access for emergency vehicles and maintenance. Action #11 2016 Draft HMP Conduct a Needs Assessment of privately‐owned facilities that have regional importance (medical centers/day care centers). 25 26 27 28 29 30 12/1/2021 6 2021 Mitigation Strategy 31 EMERGENCY SERVICES Action #12 2016 Draft HMP Incorporate the inspection and management of hazardous trees/limbs into the Town’s routine monitoring process. Action #13 2016 Draft HMP Mitigate impacts of blowing/drifting snow. Action #14 2016 Draft HMP Develop a program to train emergency responders and residents in management of domestic animals, horses, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, birds, as well as wild animals during emergencies such as floods, fires, winds, etc. 2021 Mitigation Strategy 32 EMERGENCY SERVICES Action #15 2016 Draft HMP Coordinate with Nickerson State Park, Towns of Orleans (Baker’s Pond), Harwich/Harwich Water Dept. (Punkhorn Parklands), and Dennis/Dennis Water Dept. (Punkhorn Parklands and Ellis Farm) on fuel reduction programs and response. Action #16 Brewster Health Department Strengthen/Enhance the Brewster Health Dept.’s capacity and capabilities: ‐ Conduct a full‐scale exercise to test Brewster’s Medical Emergency Distribution System (MEDS). ‐ Create a public health nurse position within the Health Department. ‐ Create a public health communications coordinator position within the Health Department. 2021 Mitigation Strategy 33 PLANNING AND PREVENTION Action #17 Open Space and Recreation Plan Provide a variety of recreation and open space opportunities to promote healthy and active lifestyles for Brewster residents, ensuring equitable access for all users and abilities. Action #18 Coastal Resource Management Plan Minimize and mitigate impacts of development in coastal areas: Work with Planning Board and other stakeholders to evaluate changes to local zoning and regulations to preserve scale, character, and resource protection (adopt Coastal Resilience Bylaw). Action #19 2016 Draft HMP Review of ditch systems and old bogs for preventative maintenance to increase flood capacity. Project Schedule Public Comment Period open through December 3, 2021 Draft Plan to MEMA: anticipated by January 1, 2021 34 Contact Us… Questions/Comments: Conor Kenny Craig Pereira—Project Manager Project Manager Senior Planner Town of Brewster Horsley Witten Group, Inc. ckenny@brewster-ma.gov 55 Dorrance Street, Suite 200 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Ext. 1129 Providence, RI 02903 cpereira@horsleywitten.com Phone: (401) 263-6048 35 31 32 33 34 35 Name Email Address Dave Whitney Craig Pereira Donna Kalinick Kimberley Pearson Bruce Semple Suzanne Bryan Conor Kenny Peter Lombardi Griffin Ryder Ned Chatelain Kari Hoffmann Cindy Bingham Town of Brewster, MA Please click the link below to join the webinar: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/81177153357?pwd=YTFBQnBNRHJTWWFGV3c3WmNuT1BMUT09 Passcode: 086700 US: +1 301 715 8592 or +1 312 626 6799 Webinar ID: 811 7715 3357 Passcode: 086700 November 30, 2021 6:00 PM - 8:00 PM Virtual HMP Public Workshop #2 On-Line Survey Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 1 / 21 Q1 Which of the following hazard events have you or has anyone in your household and/or business experienced in the past 20 years within the Town of Brewster? (Check all that apply) Answered: 78 Sk ipped: 2 Fl oo d-Related Hazar ds... Wint er -Related Hazards (Hea... Wind-Related Hazards... Geo logic-Relate d Hazar ds... Fir e-Relat ed Hazards... Temper ature-Rel ated Hazards... Invasive Species-Rela... Communicable/In fectious... Human-Caused: Ter rorism... Human-Caused: Other (Fir e,... Technical : Infrastr uctu... 0%10%20%30%40%5 0%60%70%80%90%100% Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 2 / 21 30.77%24 78.21%61 83.33%65 1.28%1 1.28%1 46.15%36 32.05%25 61.54%48 2.56%2 1.28%1 35.90%28 Total Respondents : 78 ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES Flood-Related Haz ards (Riv erine/Flas h Flooding, Inland/Urban Flooding, Coastal Flooding/Storm Surge, Coastal Erosion, Climat e Change/Sea Lev el Ris e) Wint er-Related Hazards (Heavy Snow, Bliz z ards ) Wind-Related Hazards (Hurric anes, Tornadoes , High Winds, Lightning/Thunderstorms, Hail) Geologic -Related Haz ards (Earthquakes) Fire-Related Hazards (Wildf ire/Urban Fire) Temperature-Related Hazards (Ex treme Heat/Cold, Drought) Inv as ive Spec ies -Relat ed Hazards Communic able/Infec tious Dis eas e (Epidemic , Pandemic) Human-Caus ed: Terroris m (Biological, Chemic al/Haz ardous Mat erials Releas e, Cy ber, Explos ive, Radiological/Nuclear, Civ il Disobedienc e/Unres t) Human-Caus ed: Other (Fire, Mass Casualty Incident, Dam Inundation, Special/VIP Ev ents) Technic al: Infrastructure/Utility Failure (Communications, Emergenc y Services, Energy, Information Technology, Transportation Systems , Water/Wastewat er Sy s tems) Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 3 / 21 8.86%7 62.03%49 84.81%67 20.25%16 Q2 Which of the following have provided you with useful information to help you prepare for a hazard event? (Check all that apply) Answered: 79 Sk ipped: 1 Total Respondents : 79 Att ended meetings abo... Personal experience w ... Local new s/social ... Civic or ganizations 0%10%20%30%40%5 0%60%70%80%90%100% ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES At tended meetings about disaster preparedness Personal ex perience with one or more multi-hazards/disas ters Local news/s ocial media Civ ic organiz ations Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 4 / 21 Q3 Which of the following steps has your household and/or business taken to prepare for a natural, communicable, human-caused, or technological hazard event? (Check all that apply) Answered: 78 Sk ipped: 2 Made a fire es cape plan Designat ed a meeting place Ident ified ut ility... Stored sand bags Prepar ed a disaster sup... Instal led smoke detect... Stored food/w ater/b... Pr epar ed a medical supp... Purchased natural haza... Purchased/Lear n ed how to... 0%10%20%30%40%5 0%60%70%80%90%100% Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 5 / 21 38.46%30 24.36%19 65.38%51 1.28%1 25.64%20 92.31%72 64.10%50 41.03%32 10.26%8 15.38%12 Total Respondents : 78 ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES Made a f ire es cape plan Designat ed a meeting place Identified utility shut-offs St ored s and bags Prepared a disast er supply kit Ins talled smoke detectors on each lev el of the house St ored food/water/batteries Prepared a medic al supply k it Purchased natural hazard insurance Purchased/Learned how to program a NOAA Weather Radio Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 6 / 21 8.75%7 41.25%33 22.50%18 18.75%15 3.75%3 5.00%4 Q4 In your opinion, how prepared is your household and/or business to deal with a natural, communicable, human-caused, or technological hazard event? Answered: 80 Sk ipped: 0 TOTAL 80 Not at all So mew hat Adequatel y Well Very Wel l Not Sure 0%10%20%30%40%5 0%60%70%80%90%100% ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES Not at all Somewhat Adequately Well Very Well Not Sure Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 7 / 21 5.00%4 75.00%60 20.00%16 Q5 Is your property located in or near a FEMA designated floodplain? Answered: 80 Sk ipped: 0 TOTAL 80 Yes No Not Sure 0%10%20%30%40%5 0%60%70%80%90%100% ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES Yes No Not Sure Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 8 / 21 2.53%2 89.87%71 7.59%6 Q6 Do you have flood insurance? Answered: 79 Sk ipped: 1 TOTAL 79 Yes No Not Sure 0%10%20%30%40%5 0%60%70%80%90%100% ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES Yes No Not Sure Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 9 / 21 Q7 How concerned are you about the following hazards in the Town of Brewster? (Check one response for each hazard) Answered: 80 Sk ipped: 0 Fl oo d-Related Hazards Winter-Related Hazards Wind-Related Hazar ds Geo logic-Relate d Hazards Fir e-Relat ed Hazar ds Temper ature-Rel ated Hazar ds Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 10 / 21 Not Conce rne d Concerned Very Concerned Climate Change Pr ojections Communicable/In fectious... Human-Caused: Ter rorism... Human-Caused: Other... Technical : Infrastr uctu... 0%10%20%30%40%5 0%60%70%80%90%100% Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 11 / 21 51.25% 41 40.00% 32 8.75% 7 80 26.32% 20 57.89% 44 15.79% 12 76 7.89% 6 61.84% 47 30.26% 23 76 80.26% 61 14.47% 11 5.26% 4 76 45.33% 34 44.00% 33 10.67% 8 75 44.00% 33 44.00% 33 12.00% 9 75 12.99% 10 38.96% 30 48.05% 37 77 12.82% 10 46.15% 36 41.03% 32 78 56.58% 43 35.53% 27 7.89% 6 76 58.11% 43 37.84% 28 4.05% 3 74 12.99% 10 68.83% 53 18.18% 14 77 NOT CONCERNED CONCERNED VERY CONCERNED TOTAL Flood-Related Haz ards Wint er-Related Hazards Wind-Related Hazards Geologic -Related Haz ards Fire-Related Hazards Temperature-Related Hazards Climate Change Projec tions Communic able/Infec tious Dis eas e Human-Caus ed: Terroris m (Intentional) Human-Caus ed: Other (Ac cidental) Technic al: Infrastructure/Utility Failure Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 12 / 21 Q8 In your opinion, which of the following methods do you think are most effective for providing hazard and disaster information? (Check all that apply) Answered: 80 Sk ipped: 0 Radio ads Internet Social Media/Cell... F ire/Rescue Depar tment Academic Institutions Publ ic Librar y Telephone Bo ok Infor mat ional Brochures Publ ic Meetings/Wo r... Auto-Dial Information... Community Infor mation/... 0%10%20%30%40%5 0%60%70%80%90%100% Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 13 / 21 36.25%29 81.25%65 68.75%55 55.00%44 10.00%8 31.25%25 2.50%2 26.25%21 38.75%31 56.25%45 45.00%36 Total Respondents : 80 ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES Radio ads Internet Social Media/Cell phone apps . Fire/Res c ue Department Academic Institut ions Public Library Telephone Book Informational Broc hures Public Meetings/Work s hops Auto-Dial Information (Code Ready) Community Information/Training Sessions Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 14 / 21 6.25%5 93.75%75 Q9 Do you have any special access or functional needs within your household and/or business that would require early warning or specialized response during hazardous events or disasters? Answered: 80 Sk ipped: 0 TOTAL 80 Yes No 0%10%20%30%40%5 0%60%70%80%90%100% ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES Yes No Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 15 / 21 70.00%56 8.75%7 21.25%17 Q10 Are you interested in making your home, business or neighborhood more resistant to hazards? Answered: 80 Sk ipped: 0 TOTAL 80 Yes No Not Sure 0%10%20%30%40%5 0%60%70%80%90%100% ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES Yes No Not Sure Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 16 / 21 60.26%47 15.38%12 24.36%19 Q11 Would you be willing to spend your own money on your current home and/or business to help protect it from impacts of potential future hazards and/or disasters within the community? Examples could include: Elevating a flood-prone home; Elevating utilities in flood-prone basements; Strengthening your roof, siding, doors, or windows to withstand high winds; Removing trees/low branches. Answered: 78 Sk ipped: 2 TOTAL 78 Yes No Not Sure 0%10%20%30%40%5 0%60%70%80%90%100% ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES Yes No Not Sure Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 17 / 21 Q12 What types of projects do you believe local, county, state or federal government agencies could be doing to reduce the damage and disruption of natural disasters in Brewster? (Select your top three choices) Answered: 79 Sk ipped: 1 Retrofit/Str eng then essent i... Retrofit public... Work to impr ove... Install /impr ove protect ive... Repl ace inadequate/v... Strengthen codes/ordina... Buy o ut flood prone... Infor m proper ty ow n... Provide bet ter informatio n... Assist vulner abl e... 0%10%20%30%40%5 0%60%70%80%90%100% Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 18 / 21 36.71%29 58.23%46 88.61%70 18.99%15 31.65%25 49.37%39 37.97%30 51.90%41 51.90%41 34.18%27 Total Respondents : 79 ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES Retrofit/Strengthen es s ential public facilities s uc h as polic e, fire/emergency, s c hools , Retrofit public infrastruc ture, suc h as elev ating roadway s and improving drainage syst ems Work to improv e utilities resiliency (electric, communic ations, water/was tewater fac ilities) Ins tall/improve protec tiv e s tructures (floodwalls /s ea walls ) Replace inadequate/v ulnerable bridges and c aus eway s St rengthen codes /ordinances to require higher haz ard risk management s tandards and/or provide greater c ontrol over development in high hazard areas Buy out flood prone properties and maintain as open space Inform property owners of ways they c an reduc e the damage c aused by natural ev ents Provide bett er information about haz ard ris k s and high hazard areas Assist vulnerable property owners wit h s ec uring funding to make their properties more resilient Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 19 / 21 13.92%11 25.32%20 60.76%48 Q13 In your opinion, has the Town done enough to prepare for the projected impacts of climate change? Answered: 79 Sk ipped: 1 TOTAL 79 Yes No Unsure 0%10%20%30%40%5 0%60%70%80%90%100% ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES Yes No Unsure Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 20 / 21 Q14 Additional comments? Answered: 16 Sk ipped: 64 #RESPONSES DATE 1 Use common s ense and don’t waste $7/22/2021 6:44 PM 2 I chos e 'buy out flood prone properties ' for what the government could do, but want to clarify that I do NOT mean by eminent domain, or otherwise forcing people t o mov e/sell their propert y. I mean c ontinuing to of fer to buy out s uc h propert ies onc e people want to sell. Also, I'v e heard of programs in other c oastal communities where t owns will buy out such properties (v oluntarily ), but then temporarily rent out the dwellings on t he property, on the unders tanding that when they become uninhabitable (i.e. washed away ) they will not be replac ed and then the property is jus t maintained as public land. Also, if c odes are st rengthened, t his absolutely has to be coupled with a way to help lower inc ome homeowners meet more expensive c ode requirements when they want to make changes to their homes . Otherwis e y ou're just encouraging unpermitted work that could be dangerous even abs ent nat ural disas ters. 7/22/2021 10:13 AM 3 The biggest problem that I am having is paying my real estate tax bill. I moved t o Brewster over twenty years ago and my tax bill has tripled during that time. I was hoping t hat I would be able to retire here. However I am uns ure if I am going to be able to afford to st ay here. 10/11/2020 11:53 AM 4 Brews ter needs better c ell servic e es pecially if we come to rely upon it for emergenc y information. 10/10/2020 10:57 AM 5 A better approv al process prior to construc tion. We are c urrently sueing our neighbor for stormwater damage des pite our pleas to him and the town prior to cons truction. 10/7/2020 3:33 PM 6 Open s pac e is c ritical to mitigat ing many of the impacts of climate change. Additionally res toration and management of conservation lands to reduce fire risk and mitigate inv as ive species impacts is important. The brush from thes e ac tivities could be burned as biomass or pyrolis ized t o c reate bioc har with waste heat used to power and heat town buildings . It would reduce CO2 emis s ions by loc k ing up carbon from invasive plants, as well as reduce the load from foss il fuels to heat homes, or help f ill the gap of s olar and wind. The bioc har could them be used for management and restoration efforts or sold to communit y members. 10/1/2020 4:25 PM 7 I's ans wer # 13 by saying the Town has made efforts , however we need to implement some of the plans and do more to manage and re-direc t development. Thank s 9/27/2020 1:47 PM 8 The idea that Climate Change will lead to intense nat ural disas ter is a hoax. Town and County should do more to require c utting of dead/leaning trees as well as trees that can damage power lines if toppled by wind or ice/snow load. 9/24/2020 12:54 PM 9 Financial Assis tanc e to homeowners should be bas ed on financial need. I am against new construc tion of any kind- inc luding affordable hous ing- on land not previously used. Too muc h development, runoff, loss of trees , and open s pace, all weaken natural protect ions . Hous ton serv es as a proven example of what c an happen when humans remov e natural sea barriers , and inc rease runoff from homes . We need dunes, trees and s hrubs to hold t he s oil and sand for as long as humanly pos s ible. inv estment in preserv ing water quality, protecting water supplies, I see as being most urgent. 9/23/2020 9:04 AM 10 Controlling development, res tric ting the construction of giant hous es , restric ting use of impermeable landscape materials, not allowing out door burning whic h is hazardous and pollutes neighborhood air, prov iding more pedestrian friendly walkway s , reducing car traf fic on Main St. 9/23/2020 7:54 AM 11 Flooding at the causeway on 6A at the hist ory museum during storm event s has oc c urred. This s ec tion of the road should be prioritized to address either a bridge, or higher roadway, for evacuation and safety reas ons . 9/23/2020 7:30 AM 12 Thank you.9/23/2020 7:05 AM 13 Generators in s enior housing buildings .9/23/2020 6:16 AM Brewster H azard M itigation Plan Update 21 / 21 14 Our bigges t vulnerabilit ies seem to be climate change related - c oas tal/wind damage and f ores t fires . We s hould proactiv ely assess risk, and engage in mit igation s trategies. First we s hould commit t o becoming fossil fuel neutral. We s hould develop buyback programs for residences on/near coas tline to off er non-coas tal sq ft values for thos e that need to retreat, so we can retire thos homes and handle the erosion more naturally. We should ban expansion in vulnerable areas . We s hould make sure we are doing what we c an to mit igate the great est fire risks, s uc h as c learing inv asiv es /underbrush and creating more fire break s if/where neces s ary. We also need to be more vigilant to s top amat eur firework/pyrotec hnic use and educ ate people about the fire ris k s . 9/22/2020 2:59 PM 15 Our major v ulnerabilites are s ea level ris e and, secondly, fire. We should protect marshes and res tric t development in vulnerable areas. We should warn about t rees near buildings and about outdoor f ires. 9/22/2020 2:50 PM 16 Continue Brewst er's tradition of protec ting open s pac e. This will help with Haz ard Mit igation and res iliency. Using ec os y stem-based adaption as a st rategy, we c an use nature to help people c ope with the expec ted impac ts of c limate c hange. 9/22/2020 12:19 PM Appendix C – Correspondences Availability of Draft Plan – Municipal Posting Availability of Draft Plan – Adjacent Communities Availability of Draft Plan – Municipal Departments Public Comments From:Craig Pereira To:Dan Fortier Cc:Conor Kenny Subject:Notice of Availability Date:Tuesday, November 9, 2021 4:58:00 PM Attachments:image001.png Good Morning Mr. Fortier, The Town of Brewster has developed a draft Hazard Mitigation Plan over the past year. As such, we are required by FEMA to provide adjacent communities the opportunity to review and comment on the draft plan. The Brewster Hazard Mitigation Plan is now available for public comment at: https://www.brewster-ma.gov/files/drafthazardmitigationplan.pdf The public comment period runs through December 3, 2021. All comments should be directed to me. Regards, Craig Craig Pereira, CFM | Senior Planner Horsley Witten Group 55 Dorrance Street | Suite 200 Providence, RI 02903 Office: 401-272-1717 Direct: 774-413-2900 x 308 From:Craig Pereira To:jidman@town.harwich.ma.us Cc:Conor Kenny Subject:Notice of Availability Date:Tuesday, November 9, 2021 4:57:00 PM Attachments:image001.png Good Morning Mr. Idman, The Town of Brewster has developed a draft Hazard Mitigation Plan over the past year. As such, we are required by FEMA to provide adjacent communities the opportunity to review and comment on the draft plan. The Brewster Hazard Mitigation Plan is now available for public comment at: https://www.brewster-ma.gov/files/drafthazardmitigationplan.pdf The public comment period runs through December 3, 2021. All comments should be directed to me. Regards, Craig Craig Pereira, CFM | Senior Planner Horsley Witten Group 55 Dorrance Street | Suite 200 Providence, RI 02903 Office: 401-272-1717 Direct: 774-413-2900 x 308 From:Craig Pereira To:gmeservey@town.orleans.ma.us Cc:Conor Kenny Subject:Notice of Availability - Brewster draft Hazard Mitigation Plan 2021 Date:Tuesday, November 9, 2021 4:56:00 PM Attachments:image001.png Good Morning Mr. Meservey, The Town of Brewster has developed a draft Hazard Mitigation Plan over the past year. As such, we are required by FEMA to provide adjacent communities the opportunity to review and comment on the draft plan. The Brewster Hazard Mitigation Plan is now available for public comment at: https://www.brewster-ma.gov/files/drafthazardmitigationplan.pdf The public comment period runs through December 3, 2021. All comments should be directed to me. Regards, Craig Craig Pereira, CFM | Senior Planner Horsley Witten Group 55 Dorrance Street | Suite 200 Providence, RI 02903 Office: 401-272-1717 Direct: 774-413-2900 x 308 From:Conor Kenny To:Craig Pereira Subject:FW: Hazard Mitigation Plan Virtual Public Workshop 11/30/21 Date:Monday, November 8, 2021 1:41:15 PM Attachments:Draft Brewster Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan.pdf Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Virtual Public Workshop Flyer.pdf The email was sent to the below recipients: Dept Heads <DeptHeads@brewster-ma.gov>; 'anevins@verizon.net'; 'Golf Commission' <golfcommission@brewster-ma.gov>; 'consiglioal@nausetschools.org'; 'bjburgo19@gmail.com'; 'beyestone@eastham-ma.gov'; 'wyschirmacher@gmail.com'; 'bharrison2@comcast.net'; 'Crosby1888@aol.com'; 'easleyc@nausetschools.org'; 'capeduo@comcast.net'; 'cynthia.baran@comcast.net'; Cynthia Bingham <cbingham@brewster-ma.gov>; 'dtelman@comcast.net'; 'Denise Rego' <drego@brewster-ma.gov>; 'diana@lambs.net'; 'derickson@capecod.net'; 'efswin@c4.net'; Elizabeth Taylor <etaylor@brewster-ma.gov>; 'faythe.ellis@outlook.com'; Frank Bridges <fbridges@brewster-ma.gov>; 'gc1@alabe.com'; 'George Boyd' <gboyd@nyc.rr.com>; 'hminis1@gmail.com'; Honey Pivirotto <hpivirotto@brewster-ma.gov>; 'jveara@thedavenportcompanies.com'; 'tawktame@hotmail.com'; 'jft4@comcast.net'; 'jpernice@brewsterladieslibrary.org'; 'Joseph Sullivan' <jp.sullivan3@gmail.com>; 'director@Brewsterhousing.org'; 'kimberley.crocker.pearson@gmail.com'; 'kyle@brewster- capecod.com'; 'iceman@c4.net'; 'brewster.recycling@gmail.com'; '842tobin@comcast.net'; 'paulwallace@outerbarco.com'; 'penelopeholeman@gmail.com'; Pete Dahl <pdahl@brewster- ma.gov>; 'peter@americanfalconinc.com'; Roland Bassett <rbassett@brewster-ma.gov>; 'sean@seanparker.us'; 'sltennstedt@gmail.com'; 'sbrown@town.orleans.ma.us'; 'Suzanne Bryan' <sbryan@brewster-ma.gov>; 'timhackert@gmail.com'; Tom Rogers <tr94163@gmail.com> From: Conor Kenny Sent: Friday, November 5, 2021 9:51 AM Cc: 'Craig Pereira' <cpereira@horsleywitten.com> Subject: Hazard Mitigation Plan Virtual Public Workshop 11/30/21 Good morning, The Town of Brewster has developed a draft Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (see attached). This plan is important because it helps the Town plan and receive funding for projects that reduce the risk of injury or damage to property from future natural, communicable, human-caused or technological hazard events such as flooding, hurricanes or cyber security. This Multi- Hazard Mitigation Plan builds on previous work already completed by the Town including the Brewster Coastal Adaptation Strategy (September 2016), Town of Brewster Vision Plan (2018), the Town of Brewster Coastal Resource Management Plan (2019), and the Municipal Vulnerability Preparedness Plan (2019). Hazard Mitigation Plan Virtual Public Workshop 11/30/21 Come hear about the process to date and the mitigation actions developed as part of the plan. Tuesday, November 30, 2021, 6:00 PM—8:00 PM Please click here to join the webinar: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/81177153357? pwd=YTFBQnBNRHJTWWFGV3c3WmNuT1BMUT09 Passcode: 086700 US: +1 301 715 8592 or +1 312 626 6799 Webinar ID: 811 7715 3357 Passcode: 086700 Public Comment Period 11/8/21 - 12/3/21 The public comment period will occur from Monday, November 8, 2021 to Friday, December 3, 2021. All comments should be directed to Craig Pereira at cpereira@horsleywitten.com. Conor Kenny Project Manager Town of Brewster 508-896-3701 x 1129 Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 Office of: Select Board Town Administrator Memo To: Brewster Select Board From: Erika Mawn, Executive Assistant Date: March 18, 2022 RE: 2022 Renewal of Seasonal Liquor Licenses The Alcoholic Beverages Control Commission requires the Town of Brewster to complete the seasonal alcoholic beverages licenses renewal process. The licensees are required to renew their license by March 31st of each year. The Local Licensing Authority then votes to renew the licenses which are contingent on compliance with all other local permits and regulations. We have a total of 6 renewals for 2022: Seasonal General On-Premises- All Alcoholic Beverages Cape Cod National Golf Club LLC Seasonal General On-Premises- Wines and Malt Beach House Spa Seasonal Restaurant- All Alcoholic Beverages JTs Seafood El Guapo’s Taqueria Seasonal Restaurant- Wines and Malt Breakwater Lobster and Fish Market Cobies In response to the renewal of these 2022 Seasonal Alcoholic Renewals the Chief Police has no concerns with any of the above establishments. The Treasure/Tax Collectors office has verified that all Real Estate and Personal Property taxes are current. The managers of these retail locations have provided the Town Administrator’s office with their signed application, the payment for their license and the required liquor liability insurance if applicable. For licenses that are approved, the renewal applications and supporting documents will be submitted to the ABCC by March 31, 2022 and the Town Administrator’s office will issue the seasonal licenses that will be valid from April 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022. Ad Preview 2/2 Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 Office of: Select Board Town Administrator Memo To: Brewster Select Board From: Erika Mawn, Executive Assistant Date: March 18, 2022 RE: Motions for 2022 Renewal of Seasonal Liquor Licenses Below are motions for the renewal of the seasonal liquor licenses. I move that the Board vote to approve the following Seasonal General On-Premises All Alcoholic Beverages Liquor License renewal pending they have passed their inspection, have the required liability insurance and all financial obligations have been paid to the Town: Cape Cod National Golf Club, LLC d/b/a Cape Cod National Golf Club I move that the Board vote to approve the following Seasonal General On-Premises Wines & Malt Liquor License renewal pending they have passed their inspection, have the required liability insurance and all financial obligations have been paid to the Town: 2740 Main Street Holdings, LLC d/b/a Beach House Spa I move that the Board vote to approve the following Seasonal Restaurant All Alcoholic Beverages Liquor License renewals pending they have passed their inspections, have the required liability insurance and all financial obligations have been paid to the Town: Fishack Corporation d/b/a J.T.’s Seafood Restaurant Full Circle Concepts, LLC d/b/a El Guapo’s Taqueria I move that the Board vote to approve the following Seasonal Restaurant Wines & Malt Liquor License renewal pending they have passed their inspection, have the required liability insurance and all financial obligations have been paid to the Town: Breakwater Lobster & Fish Market, Inc. d/b/a Breakwater Fish & Lobster Roberts, Inc d/b/a Cobie’s SEASONAL RETAIL LIQUOR LICENSE RENEWAL APPLICATION GUIDELINES Without exception, all seasonal alcoholic beverages licensees are required to renew their alcoholic beverages license by March 31st of each year. All retail license renewal applications must be signed by an authorized corporate officer, individual, partner, or license manager and filed with the Local Licensing Authority by March 31st. Licensees who are in the process of transferring their licenses are required to file the renewal application until the transfer has occurred and they are no longer the licensee of record. Licensees are responsible for correcting any differences between their files and the ABCC license file on the renewal application in red ink. A Licensing Authority Certification Form verifying these changes which have been ABCC approved must be attached to the license renewal application in order to change the official ABCC license file (zip codes and spelling errors do not require a Licensing Authority Certification). All on-premises M.G.L. c. 138, §12 licensees must provide proof of the required liquor liability insurance to the Local Licensing Authorities. All on-premises M.G.L. c. 138, §12 licensees must provide a copy of the required Fire Safety Inspection Certificate to the Local Licensing Authorities. Please do not forward a copy of the Fire Safety Certificate or the insurance certificate to the ABCC. You should keep these forms for your records. ____________________________________________________________________________________ Please complete this form and mail it to the ABCC along with the signed licensee certificates along with any corrections no later than May 16th, 2021. If possible, please refrain from sending stapled documents. Alcoholic Beverages Control Commission c/o Licensing Department 95 Fourth Street, Suite 3 Chelsea, MA 02150 ____________________________________________________________________________________ Any seasonal renewal application not signed and filed by March 31st will be treated as a New License. If seasonal renewal application becomes a new license for failure to meet the March 31st signing deadline, it will be subject to all the procedures set forth under Chapter 138, §15A. ANY QUESTIONS REGARDING THE ABOVE GUIDELINES SHOULD BE DIRECTED TO HURSHEL LANGHAM AT HLANGHAM@TRE.STATE.MA.US or SABRINA LUC AT SLUC@TRE.STATE.MA.US. Ralph Sacramone, Executive Director SEASONAL RENEWAL CERTIFICATION 2022 CITY/TOWN: A. SEASONAL LICENSEES WHO FAILED TO RENEW FOR 2022/23: B. SEASONAL LICENSEES DISAPROVED BY THE CITY/TOWN FOR 2022/23: We hereby certify that the premises described in the 2022/23 seasonal renewal applications for the above mentioned municipality are now occupied, used or controlled by the licensee and will be on April 1, 2022. The 2021 Renewal Applications have been approved by the Local Licensing Authorities and forwarded to the ABCC. The Local Licensing Authorities LICENSE #: LICENSE #: LICENSEE CORPORATE NAME AND ADDRESS: LICENSEE CORPORATE NAME AND ADDRESS: Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 To: The Select Board From: Erika Mawn Date: March 18, 2022 RE: New Seasonal All Alcoholic Beverages Restaurant Liquor License- The Kitchen Café The Kitchen Café located at 2671 Main Street is applying for a Seasonal All Alcoholic Beverages Restaurant Liquor License. The new owners, Jayme Valdez and Danielle Panzica have submitted their application along with the required documentation that will be submitted to the ABCC for consideration, if the Select Board approves their request. The Town Administration office requested feedback from the Building Department, Health Department, Fire Department and Police Department, there are no concerns with this establishment. The Treasure/Collector’s office has verified there are no outstanding tax payments. If the Select Board approves the Seasonal Liquor License request, the license will be valid from April 1, 2022, through December 31, 2022. At which time the Kitchen Café will then need to renew each year at this time. Office of: Select Board Town Administrator Ad Preview 2/2 TO: Abutters of 2671 Main Street, Brewster MA 02631 To Whom It May Concern. Please note that JDT Investments LLC, d/b/a The Kitchen Cafe has filed applications with the Select Board for a new On-Premises All Alcoholic Beverages Seasonal Liquor license. Below are the legal ads that will run in the March 11, 2022, edition of the Cape Codder Newspaper. TOWN OF BREWSTER Liquor License Hearing In accordance with MGL Chapter 138, Sections 4-17C, the Brewster Select Board will hold a public hearing on Monday March 21, 2022, at 6:30pm to review an application from JDT Investments, LLC, d/b/a The Kitchen Cafe, located at 2671 Main Street, for a new On-Premises All Alcoholic Beverage Seasonal Liquor License. This hearing will be conducted by remote participation. To participate in this meeting by phone, please call 312-626-6799 or 301-715-8592. Webinar ID: 509224. To participate by Zoom webinar, please use this link. https://us02web.zoom.us/j/89092910526?pwd=WHM2V3hrVklhSTloWWhVU09kanUzQT09 Passcode: 509224. All interested parties are invited to attend. TOWN OF BREWSTER DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES 1657 MAIN STREET BREWSTER,MA 02631 PHONE:(508)896-4546 SHELLFISH@BREWSTER-MA.GOV WWW.BREWSTER-MA.GOV March 1, 2022 Brewster Select Board 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631 Subject: Renewal of David Carlson’s shellfish culture license for ten years. Background: The Brewster Select Board, under the authority of section 57 of chapter 130 of the Massachusetts General Laws, granted David Carlson a lease of .98 acres to culture oysters and quahogs in Cape Cod Bay off Winterhoff Trail. In 2019 Mr. Carlson’s grant expired and our department failed to notice. Mr. Carlson. is requesting a renewal for a period of ten years. Mr. Carlson has maintained an active shellfish grant, complied with State and local regulations, and maintained all shellfish gear. Under the authority of Chapter 130, Section 58 of Massachusetts General Laws, the Select Board may renew Shellfish Culture Licenses for a term not exceeding fifteen years. Recommendation: The Natural Resource Department recommends a ten-year license extension to cultivate oysters and quahogs at the approved .98-acre site off Winterhoff Trail in Cape Cod Bay. Respectfully submitted, Ryan Burch Senior Shellfish & Natural Resource Office TOWN OF BREWSTER DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES 1657 MAIN STREET BREWSTER,MA 02631 PHONE:(508)896-4546 SHELLFISH@BREWSTER-MA.GOV WWW.BREWSTER-MA.GOV March 1, 2022 Brewster Select Board 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631 Subject: Renewal of Alex Carlson’s shellfish culture license for ten years. Background: The Brewster Select Board, under the authority of section 57 of chapter 130 of the Massachusetts General Laws, granted Alex Carlson a lease of .98 acres to culture oysters and quahogs in Cape Cod Bay off Winterhoff Trail. In 2019 Mr. Carlson’s grant expired our department failed notice. Mr. Carlson is requesting a renewal for a period of ten years. Mr. Carlson has maintained an active shellfish grant, complied with State and local regulations and maintained all shellfish gear. Under the authority of Chapter 130, Section 58 of Massachusetts General Laws, the Select Board may renew Shellfish Culture Licenses for a term not exceeding fifteen years. Recommendation: The Natural Resource Department recommends a ten-year license extension to cultivate oysters and quahogs at the approved .98-acre site off Winterhoff Trail in Cape Cod Bay. Respectfully submitted, Ryan Burch Senior Shellfish & Natural Resource Office Ad Preview 2/2 TOWN OF BREWSTER COMMUNITY PRESERVATION PLAN FY23-FY27 DRAFT 3/17/22 **DRAFT DOCUMENT INTENDED FOR DISCUSSION PURPOSES ONLY** PREPARED FOR: Community Preservation Committee Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631 PREPARED BY: JM Goldson LLC Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 2 This page intentionally left blank Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 5 KEY DEFINITIONS 6 Executive Summary 8 BACKGROUND 8 PLANNING PROCESS 8 CPC FUNDING GOALS & TARGET ALLOCATION POLICY 8 Chapter 1: Overview 10 INTRODUCTION 10 CPA ELIGIBILITY 10 BACKGROUND 10 APPLICATION AND FUNDING PROCESS 16 Chapter 2: Overall Policies and Goals 20 FIVE-YEAR TARGET ALLOCATION POLICY 20 OVERALL CPA GOALS 21 Chapter 3: Community Housing 22 NEEDS 22 GOALS 22 ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES 24 Chapter 4: Open Space 28 NEEDS 28 GOALS 28 ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES 30 Chapter 5: Historic Preservation 36 NEEDS 36 GOALS 36 ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES 37 Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 4 Chapter 6: Outdoor Recreation 42 NEEDS 42 GOALS 42 ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES 44 Appendices 48 Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thank you to the community members and Town staff who contributed their time and local knowledge to this report by participating in interviews and focus groups and attending the public forum and presentation of the draft plan. COMMUNITY PRESERVATION COMMITTEE MEMBERS Peggy Jablonski Paul Ruchinskas Roland Bassett Jr. Sharon Marotti Faythe Ellis Bruce Evans Barbara Burgo Elizabeth Taylor Sarah Robinson TOWN STAFF Peter Lombardi, Town Administrator Donna Kalinick, Assistance Town Administrator Jill Scalise, Housing Coordinator Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 6 KEY DEFINITIONS This list of key definitions is intended to assist the reader and is not intended to replace applicable legal definitions of these terms. The following definitions are for key terms used throughout the document, many of which are based on definitions per MGL c.44B s.2 or other statutes and regulations. Active Recreation – Requires intensive development to create outdoor recreation and often involves cooperative or team activity, including playgrounds, ball fields, and paved bike paths. Areawide Median Income – The median gross income for a person or family as calculated by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, based on the median income for the Metropolitan Statistical Area. Chapter 40B – A state statue which enables local Zoning Boards of Appeals (ZBAs) to approve affordable housing developments under flexible rules if at least 20-25% of units have long-term affordability restrictions. Community Housing – As defined by the Community Preservation Act is housing for individuals and families with incomes less than 100 percent of the Areawide Median Income, including senior housing. In general, the occupant(s) should pay no greater than 30% of his or her income for gross housing costs, including utilities. Community Preservation – The acquisition, creation, and preservation of open space; the acquisition, creation, preservation, and rehabilitation/restoration of land for recreation; the acquisition, preservation, and rehabilitation/restoration of historic resources; and the acquisition, creation, preservation, and support of community housing. Community Preservation Act – A state law, MGL c. 44B, is enabling legislation that allows communities to raise and set aside funds for community preservation projects, including open space and natural resource conservation, outdoor recreation, historic preservation, and community housing. It is funded through a combination of a local property tax surcharge of up to 3 percent and a variable state contribution from the Community Preservation Trust Fund. Community Preservation Committee – The committee established by the legislative body of a city or town to make recommendations for community preservation, as provided by Section 5 of MGL c. 44B. Community Preservation Fund – The municipal fund established by Section 7 of MGL c. 44B. Historic Resource – A building, structure, document, or artifact that is listed on the state register of historic places or National Register of Historic Places or has been determined by the local historic preservation commission to be significant in the history, archeology, architecture or culture of a city or town. Household – All the people, related or unrelated, who occupy a housing unit. It can also include a person living alone in a housing unit or a group of unrelated people sharing a housing unit as partners or roommates. Housing Production Plan – A community’s proactive strategy for planning and developing affordable housing. In a HPP, a community creates a strategy to produce housing units and meet the 10 percent goal under Chapter 40B. Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 7 Local Historic District – An area or group of historic structures that are deemed significant to the town’s history, archeology, architecture, or culture and protected by public review. Low-income Housing – Housing for persons or families whose annual income is less than 80 percent of the areawide median income (AMI). The AMI is determined by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Moderate-income Housing – Housing for persons or families whose annual income is less than 100 percent of the areawide median income (AMI). The AMI is determined by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Open Space – Land to protect existing and future well fields, aquifers and recharge areas, watershed land, agricultural land, grasslands, fields, forest land, fresh and saltwater marshes and other wetlands, oceans, rivers, streams, lake and pond frontage, beaches, dunes and other coastal lands, lands to protect scenic vistas, land for wildlife or nature preserve, and/or land for recreational use. Passive Recreation – That which emphasizes the open space aspect of a park, and which involves a low level of development, including picnic areas and trails. Preservation – The protection of personal or real property from injury, harm, or destruction. Recreational use – Recreation uses are often divided into two categories: passive and active recreation. See definitions for “Passive recreation” and “Active Recreation.” Recreation, under the CPA, does not include horse or dog racing, or the use of land for a stadium, gymnasium, or similar structure. Rehabilitation – Capital improvements or extraordinary repairs to historic resources, open spaces, lands for recreational use, and community housing for the purpose of making the above functional for their intended uses and compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and other federal, state, or local building or access codes. With historic resources, “rehabilitation” must comply with the Standards for Rehabilitation stated in the United States Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties (codified in 36 C.F.R. Part 68). With recreational use, “rehabilitation” includes the replacement of playground equipment and other capital improvements to the land or facilities which make the related land or facilities more functional for the intended recreational use. Subsidized Housing Inventory (SHI) - The official list of units, by municipality, maintained by the Massachusetts Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD) that is used to measure a community’s stock of low- and moderate-income housing for the purposes of M.G.L. Chapter 40B’s 10 percent goal. Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BACKGROUND The Community Preservation Act (CPA) is a state law, MGL c.44B, that was enacted in 2000. Brewster adopted the Community Preservation Act in 2005. The CPA creates a way for communities to raise and set aside funds for community preservation projects. These can include open space conservation, outdoor recreation, historic preservation, and community housing. Brewster generates CPA funds through a local real property tax surcharge of 3 percent. There is also a variable distribution from the State Community Preservation Trust Fund (Trust Fund). Since the beginning of the program, Brewster has collected over $19 million.1 Brewster has funded about 70 community preservation projects since adoption. These initiatives included capital improvements, land acquisition, assistance programs, as well as plans and studies. PLANNING PROCESS The Community Preservation Committee (CPC), through the Town of Brewster, contracted with JM Goldson, a planning consultancy, to assist with the preparation of an updated Community Preservation Plan. The consultant team’s role is to study existing plans, identify Brewster’s community preservation needs and resources, and to solicit community input. Soliciting community input was an important component of this planning process. The CPC sponsored focus groups and interviews with a variety of community members. They also held an interactive online forum to help understand community priorities for the use of CPA funds in coming years. CPC FUNDING GOALS & TARGET ALLOCATION POLICY Below are the goals for each CPA category and a brief description of the target allocation policy. Each goal is further described in the following chapters. TARGET ALLOCATION POLICY When Brewster adopted the CPA in 2005, it did so with a customized bylaw increasing the minimum allocation amounts for each funding area to reflect community priorities. This plan recommends bylaw amendments to remove the customized allocation requirement and to defer to the statutory minimums of 10 percent for each of the three categories: community housing, open space and recreation, and historic preservation. In addition, through this plan, the CPC establishes a five-year target allocation policy which will guide funding allocations to address the top community priorities of community housing and open space. Further information about this policy is detailed in Chapter 2. OVERALL CPA GOALS 1. Prioritize allocation of CPA funding to create and support community housing and preserve open space/natural resources, including multi-purpose projects that address both housing and open space needs. 2. Secondarily, support eligible outdoor recreation and historic preservation projects. 3. Support eligible projects that demonstrate compatibility with the Community Vision and other relevant community initiatives and goals such as at the Pond Parcel and/or Bay Parcel at the former Cape Cod Sea Camps property. 1 This number differs from the Coalition Website Total due to the removal of $571,315 from FY2005 and the addition of $59,440, approved in early 2022 from the budget surplus. Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 9 4. Encourage leveraging of CPA funds with other public and private funding as well as donation, bargain sales, and the like. 5. Allocate funding for regional projects that demonstrate clear community benefit and contributions from other communities in the region. COMMUNITY HOUSING GOALS 1. Create community housing, including affordable housing, that will address documented local and regional housing needs including, but not limited to, affordable year-round senior housing options, year-round rental housing and housing assistance for low-income families and seniors, and housing for residents with special needs, such as Veterans. 2. Support eligible housing initiatives and ongoing work of the Brewster Affordable Housing Trust to address local housing needs. 3. Continue to support local capacity to implement housing initiatives, including through the Town’s housing coordinator position. 4. Support the preservation of the existing stock of affordable rental and ownership housing. 5. Continue to support the Brewster Buy Down Program to assist eligible first-time homebuyers. O PEN SPACE GOALS 1. Continue to protect drinking water quality through strategic land conservation of private properties in Zone II Drinking Water Protection Areas including through fee simple acquisition and conservation restrictions in partnership with local/regional land trusts, other private organizations, and other public entities. 2. Support the strategic land conservation to protect the water quality of freshwater ponds including through fee simple acquisition and conservation restrictions in partnership with local/regional land trusts, other private organizations, and other public entities. 3. Support open space conservation efforts to facilitate coastal management and community resilience including to support managed retreat to address coastal erosion. 4. Fund the preservation of natural resources, especially to ensure the health and expansion of salt marshes such as the removal of invasive species, protecting floodplains and uplands adjacent to salt marshes, and restoring natural tidal flow. HISTORIC PRESERVATION GOALS 1. Preserve, rehabilitate, and restore historic resources that provide a high level of community access and benefit, such as the historic structures owned by the Brewster Historical Society and historic buildings on town owned parcels like Cape Cod Sea Camps and Spruce Hill. 2. Support the preservation of Native American sites and artifacts through archaeological investigation. 3. Continue preservation efforts to protect historic town records. OUTDOOR RECREATION GOALS 1. Rehabilitate existing playgrounds, parks, and other outdoor public recreation facilities to improve quality and accessibility. 2. Create all-ages outdoor recreation facilities including those geared toward older adults, such as pickleball courts, and accessible facilities for individuals with special needs. 3. Expand and improve bike trails and bike trail connections, including the key recreation destinations. 4. Rehabilitate hiking trails and create improved trail connections, including improved boardwalks, such as the boardwalk to Wing Island at the Cape Cod Museum Trail. 5. Fund preservation of key private recreation sites to ensure public access and enjoyment. Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 10 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION The Brewster Community Preservation Committee (CPC) created this Plan. The Plan guides the use of CPA funds for fiscal years (FY) 2023-2027. The CPC will use this plan to help decide how to recommend spending CPA funding. The CPC encourages future applicants seeking CPA funds to refer to this plan to guide their CPA requests and encourages Town Meeting members to use this plan to guide decisions on allocation of funds. This plan is created in accordance with the Community Preservation Act (CPA), Massachusetts General Laws c. 44B s.5(b)(1). The law states: The community preservation committee shall study the needs, possibilities, and resources of the city or town regarding community preservation, including the consideration of regional projects for community preservation. CPA ELIGIBILITY The CPA provides funding for four general project types: community housing, historic preservation, open space, and outdoor recreation. See eligibility chart included in the appendices. Community Housing: CPA funds can be used to acquire, create, preserve, and support community housing for households with incomes at or below 100% of the area median income. Historic Preservation: CPA funds can be used to acquire, preserve, rehabilitate, and restore historic resources that are listed on the State Register or determined to be locally significant by the Historical Commission. Open Space: CPA funds can be used to acquire, create, and preserve open space and natural resources. Outdoor Recreation: CPA funds can be used to acquire, create, preserve, rehabilitate, or restore land for recreational use. BACKGROUND CPA STATEWIDE The Community Preservation Act (CPA) is a state law, MGL c.44B, that was enacted in 2000 by Governor Paul Cellucci. It creates a way for communities to raise and set aside funds for community preservation projects. These projects can include open space conservation, outdoor recreation, historic preservation, and community housing. It is funded through a combination of a local property tax surcharge of up to 3 percent and a variable state contribution from the Community Preservation Trust Fund. As of August 2021, 187 communities have adopted the CPA, which represents 53 percent of the Commonwealth’s cities and towns. CPA ON CAPE COD Many towns on the Cape adopted the CPA in 2005 to convert the Cape Cod Open Space Land Acquisition Program2 (Cape Cod Land Bank) to CPA as enabled through MGL c.149 of the Acts of 2004. The CPA enables communities to collect money to fund community preservation projects. Per MGL c.149, Cape Cod towns may not amend the 2 MGL c. 293 of the Acts of 1998 Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 11 amount of or revoke the CPA surcharge on real property until after fiscal year 2020.3 Any debt authorized through the Cape Cod Land Bank may be repaid with CPA funds. CPA IN BREWSTER Brewster adopted in 2005 - Town Meeting voted to adopt in November 2004 and it was approved through a ballot vote in May 2005. Brewster generates CPA funds through a local property tax surcharge of 3 percent and a variable distribution from the State Community Preservation Trust Fund. Since the start, Brewster has collected over $19.5 million (as of January 2022). Since Brewster adopted CPA, the town has appropriated over $17 million to community preservation projects across the four CPA funding categories, according to the Brewster Community Preservation Committee (note, the CPA Projects profile on the following page includes more detail about Brewster’s CPA-funded projects): 1. Community housing ($4.47M) – 26 percent of total allocations 2. Historic preservation ($2.70M) – 16 percent of total allocations 3. Open space ($8.49M) – 49 percent of total allocations 4. Outdoor recreation ($1.60M) – 9 percent of total allocations Up to 5 percent of total CPA funds may be spent for CPC administration. In addition, the CPA statute requires a minimum of 10 percent be spent or reserved for each of the following CPA categories: 1. Community housing 2. Historic preservation 3. Open space and Recreation Brewster’s local bylaw, as of January 2022, requires that 50 percent of total CPA funds must be spent or reserved for open space, 10 percent for community housing, and 10 percent for historic preservation. The remaining 30 percent may be spent on community housing, historic preservation, or active recreation. Note that this plan recommends amending the local bylaw to eliminate these customized minimums and adopt a more flexible target allocation policy, as described in more detail on the following pages. WHO DECIDES HOW THE FUNDS ARE SPENT? Brewster established a Community Preservation Committee (CPC) as required by MGL c.44B, which is responsible to make funding recommendations to Town Meeting. Town Meeting has the authority to approve or deny the CPC’s recommendations. Town Meeting can also approve the CPC’s recommendation at a reduced funding amount. Town Meeting may not approve funding without a recommendation from the CPC. The CPC has nine members including four members at-large who are appointed by the Select Board. Per MGL c.44B, the CPC also includes a member from each of the following five entities: • Conservation Commission • Historical Commission • Housing Authority • Planning Board • Recreation Commission The role of the CPC is to: 1) Study the Town’s community preservation needs, possibilities, and resources and hold a public informational hearing regarding the study4 3 Massachusetts Department of Revenue, Cape Cod Land Bank and Community Preservation Act, Bulletin 2004-16B, October 2004. 4 The public hearing shall be posted publicly and published for each of two weeks preceding a hearing in a newspaper of general circulation in the city or town. Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 12 2) To make recommendations to the Town Meeting for funding projects with CPA funds The CPC meets regularly, typically on the 2nd and 4th Wednesdays of each month at 4:00 pm virtually. These meetings are open public meetings and members of the public are welcome and encouraged to attend. Notices of CPC meetings and agenda (with links for virtual meetings, when needed) are posted on the Town calendar, which can be found on Town’s website: https://www.brewster-ma.gov/. HOW MUCH FUNDING IS AVAILABLE? Brewster generates CPA funds through a local real property tax surcharge of 3 percent. There is also a variable distribution from the State Community Preservation Trust Fund (Trust Fund). Since the beginning of the program, Brewster has collected over $19 million (as of January 2022)5 – this figure includes about $12.9M raised through the local surcharge and $6.1M through the Trust Fund distributions. In FY2021, the local property tax surcharge generated roughly $1.07M, and the Trust Fund distribution was about $368,430 (a 35.18 percent match). In FY22 the state match is 48.65 percent ($519,353). 5 This number differs from the Coalition Website Total due to the removal of $571,315 from FY2005 and the addition of $59,440, approved in early 2022 from the budget surplus. $0 $1,067,428 $1,047,220 $997,502 $929,796 $894,558 $861,948 $823,010 $799,453 $759,918 $734,513 $701,099 $685,306 $664,044 $633,392 $623,561 $597,364 $571,315 $519,353 $368,430 $292,896 $220,244 $184,636 $212,708 $291,928 $301,307 $476,816 $235,599 $224,425 $223,720 $278,863 $487,457 $623,561 $597,364 $571,315 $0 $- $200,000.00 $400,000.00 $600,000.00 $800,000.00 $1,000,000.00 $1,200,000.00 $1,400,000.00 $1,600,000.00 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 DollarsFiscal YearBrewster CPA Revenue History Source: Community Preservation Coalition Information on Individual CPA Communities database, accessed 1/4/22. Local Surcharge Trust Fund Distribution Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 13 CPA PROJECTS A PROFILE FOR THE BREWSTER COMMUNITY PRESERVATION PLAN HISTORIC PRESERVATION • Blacksmith Shop, Brewster Historical Society • Brewster Baptist Church renovation of the Church steeple • Brewster Historical Society purchase of the Elijah Cobb House • Brewster Meetinghouse Preservation project • Cape Repertory Theatre Company • Cape Repertory Theatre Company: Historic Crosby Barn Rehabilitation • Catalogue/preserve Town Hall records • Council on Aging window replacement • Crosby Mansion porch repair project • Elijah Cobb House preservation and rehabilitation • Glass plate negatives preservation • Gravestone preservation at Breakwater Cemetery • Gravestone preservation project • Higgins Farm Windmill preservation • Lower Road Cemetery Tombstone & Monument repair and restoration • Spruce Hill Barn Restoration • Stony Brook Grist Mill Works Replacement • Stony Brook/Lower Mill Pond Dam & Fish Passage Restoration project OVERVIEW OF CPA-FUNDED PROJECTS The Community Preservation Act has funded about 70 community preservation initiatives in Brewster in its since adoption, with over $17M in allocations for open space conservation, active recreation, historic preservation, and community housing initiatives. These initiatives included capital improvements, assistance programs, land acquisition, as well as plans and studies. About 49 percent of allocations as of November 2021 have been for open space projects, 26 percent for housing, 16 percent for historic, and 9 percent for outdoor recreation. This profile provides a list of projects funded in each CPA category. Community Housing 26% Historic 16% Open Space 49% Outdoor Recreation 9% Brewster CPA Project Allocations FY07-FY22 (as of Nov. 2021) Note: includes total appropriated for open projects and actual spent for closed projects. Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 14 ACTIVE RECREATION • ADA improvements to athletic fields • Brewster Dog Park • Brewster Recreation Commission – Tennis Court Project • Department of Natural Resources – Breakwater Beach Restoration Project • Eddy Elementary School Accessible Playground • Pleasant Bay Community Boating (Harwich) • Recreation Department Field Repairs/Renovations • Stony Brook Early Childhood Playground • Stony Brook Herring Run Bypass and Dam • Tennis Court repairs and resurfacing • Warning lights at Cape Cod Rail Trail • Open Space and Recreation Plan COMMUNITY HOUSING OPEN SPACE • 106 McGuerty Road/Field-Kelley Acquisition • Bates Land acquisition • BBJ Cranberry Trust Land acquisition • Boehm Conservation Area – Purchase of Conservation Restriction • Crystaloski Property Land acquisition • Eldredge Property Land acquisition • Freeman’s Way/Naumekeg Acquisition • Jackson Land acquisition • Jorgenson Property acquisition • Lalor Property acquisition • Long Pond Woodlands Land Acquisition Project • Matthews Property Land acquisition • Meetinghouse Road Conservation Area • Mill Pond Conservation Area – Purchase of Conservation Restriction • Open Space and Recreation Plan update • Quivett Marsh Vista Conservation Area • Santorello Property acquisition • Seidel Land acquisition • Stranahan Property Land acquisition • Viprino Property Land acquisition • Windrift Acres and Acquisition • Affordable Housing Buydown program • Brewster Affordable Housing Trust – CPA-eligible community housing activities • Brewster Affordable Housing Trust: SHI inventory preservation • Brewster Housing Authority Huckleberry Lane Project • Brewster Housing Partnership Affordable Housing Buydown program • Brewster Woods Development • Cape Cod Village, Inc. Orleans Project • Community Development Partnership – Cape Housing Institute • Community Engagement Consultant • FORWARD: Friends or Relatives with Autism and Related Disabilities (Located in Dennis) • Habitat for Humanity Land Acquisition • Habitat for Humanity of Cape Cod – Paul Hush Way affordable homeownership development • Harwich Ecumenical Council for the Homeless: Homeowners’ Emergency Loan Program • Millstone Land Acquisition • Nickerson Park Condo Purchase • Nickerson Park Condominium – Lower Cape Community Development Corporation • Part-Time Housing Coordinator • Preservation of Affordable Housing • SHI Home Appraisal • Slough Road Homes – Habitat for Humanity Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 15 Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 16 REVIEW OF LOCAL AND REGIONAL PLANS The Town of Brewster contracted with JM Goldson LLC to assist with the preparation of an updated Community Preservation Plan in August 2021. JM Goldson worked with the CPC members and studied existing plans, including the 2017 Housing Production Plan; the 2020 Brewster Vision Plan; 2014 Open Space and Recreation Plan; 2020 Draft Open Space and Recreation Plan; 2007 Brewster Reconnaissance Report; and the 2009 Water Quality Status Report, to identify Brewster’s community preservation needs and resources. COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT Soliciting community input was an important component of this planning process. The CPC sponsored focus groups and interviews with a variety of community members, as well as an interactive online forum as part of its effort to understand community priorities and help shape this plan. Stakeholder Focus Groups and Interviews The consultants interviewed a variety of community and regional stakeholders through focus groups between September and October 2021. They also conducted individual interviews through Zoom and telephone. These interviews helped the CPC further refine its understanding of community preservation needs and resources. They also helped to identify priorities and possibilities for use of CPA funds. Community Forum On November 20, 2021, the CPC sponsored a virtual forum held through Zoom webinar. The forum was interactive and integrated live polling and open-ended questions using PollEverywhere software, allowing participants to share their thoughts and opinions alongside the presentation. Approximately 40 people participated in this online forum. Detailed summaries of the focus groups and interviews as well as the community forum are included in the appendices. APPLICATION AND FUNDING PROCESS The Brewster CPC accepts applications for CPA funding on a biannual basis; proposals are due July 1st to be considered at fall town meeting, or December 1st to be considered at spring town meeting. The CPC requires proposals be submitted using the CPC’s application form, available online on the CPC’s webpage at www.brewster- ma.gov or by request through the Town Clerk’s office. The CPC considers each funding application based on the merits of the project as well as the available CPA balance in an open public meeting. Through majority vote, the CPC determines which projects to recommend to Town Meeting for funding. Projects not recommended by the CPC are not eligible for consideration by the Town Meeting per statute (MGL c.44B). Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 17 REVIEW OF COMMUNITY GOALS A PROFILE FOR THE BREWSTER COMMUNITY PRESERVATION PLAN 2021 CAPE COD REGIONAL POLICY PLAN Natural systems goals: Water resources: To maintain a sustainable supply of high-quality untreated drinking water and protect, preserve, or restore the ecological integrity of Cape Cod’s fresh and marine surface water resources. Ocean Resources: To protect, preserve, or restore the quality and natural values and functions of ocean resources. Wetland Resources: To protect, preserve, or restore the quality and natural values and functions of inland and coastal wetlands and their buffers. Wildlife and Plant Habitat: To protect, preserve, or restore wildlife and plant habitat to maintain the region’s natural diversity. Open Space: To conserve, preserve, or enhance a network of open space that contributes to the region’s natural and community resources and systems. Community Systems goals: Cultural Heritage: To protect and preserve the significant cultural, historic, and archaeological values and resources of Cape Cod. Housing: To promote the production of an adequate supply of ownership and rental housing that is safe, healthy, and attainable for people with different income levels and diverse needs. PROFILE DESCRIPTION It is important for the Community Preservation Plan to consider the established goals of the Town and region. This review of the goals in existing planning documents is intended to provide a foundation to the identification of Brewster’s community preservation goals and priorities. The Town of Brewster and the larger region have several planning documents that establish community goals related to the Community Preservation Act funding categories. These include the 2021 Cape Cod Regional Policy Plan, the 2014 Open Space and Recreation Plan, the 2017- 2021 Brewster Housing Production Plan, the 2018 Brewster Vision Plan, and the 2007 Brewster Reconnaissance Report. This profile provides a summary of the goals in these other plans that are related to one or more of the community preservation act funding categories: community housing historic preservation, open space, and outdoor recreation. Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 18 1. Protect the Town’s drinking water supply to meet the needs of Brewster’s residents and visitors today and in the future. 2. Provide open space and recreation opportunities that maintain Brewster’s rural character and small coastal community identity and support a sustainable local economy as a center for ecotourism. 3. Preserve and enhance habitat diversity and protect marine and fresh surface water resources to maintain their important ecological functions and values to the community. 4. Provide a variety of recreation and open space opportunities to promote healthy and active lifestyles for Brewster residents, ensuring equitable access for all users and abilities. 5. Support coordination and communication of regional open space and recreation needs. 2017-2021 HOUSING PRODUCTION PLAN Priority Affordable Housing Needs: • Low Income Rental Housing for Families • Rental housing for single people • Subsidized rental housing for the elderly • Acquisition and rehabilitation of substandard housing Housing Goals 1. Increase the supply of year-round market-rate and affordable rental housing for all types of households, such as young singles and couples, families, and seniors. 2. Build support for addressing housing needs through partnerships with conservation groups and non-profit and for-profit developers, and increased commitment of local funds such as Community Preservation Act revenue. 3. Create housing that is affordable and appropriate for very low-income seniors and people with disabilities. 4. Increase local capacity to plan, advocate for, and create affordable housing, preserve the affordability and condition of existing affordable units, and monitor affordable housing restrictions. 5. Increase the variety of mixed-income housing choices in Brewster, particularly in or near commercial areas in order to support Brewster’s economy and to accommodate household growth. 6. Create and provide programs to support struggling homeowners, such as a housing rehabilitation program to help lower-income homeowners and seniors with extraordinary maintenance and repairs. 7. Provide at least 10 percent of Brewster’s year-round housing units as affordable housing in order to meet local and regional needs. 2020 DRAFT OPEN SPACE AND RECREATION PLAN Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 19 2018 BREWSTER VISION PLAN Community Character Goal Sustain and foster Brewster’s historic setting, rural nature, small-town feel, and socially inclusive spirit. • Provide social opportunities and services for all. • Maintain the Town’s historic heritage and style. • Maintain the Town’s small-town feel and scale through appropriate development. 2007 BREWSTER RECONNAISSANCE REPORT Preservation Planning Recommendations 1. Inventory heritage landscapes through the Massachusetts Historical Commission inventory, as well as National Register Listings when appropriate. 2. Create a Preservation Plan to ensure the continued protection of historical resources. 3. Preserve burial grounds and cemeteries by undertaking restoration and wayfinding projects, as well as establishing community support for such projects. 4. Preserve village and rural neighborhood character through demolition delay bylaws, recognizing local historic districts, and downzoning, among other techniques. 5. Preserve agricultural landscapes by adopting a right-to-farm bylaw and continue preserving farmland through conservation and agricultural reservation restrictions, where applicable. 6. Preserve scenic roads through establishing a Scenic Roads bylaw, as well as a scenic overlay district. 7. Raise awareness about Town’s history and ensure funding for preservation projects. Water Resources Goal Protect Brewster’s freshwater system to preserve high quality drinking water and maintain or improve the health of our ponds and marine watersheds. • Protect town wellfields by expanding open space acquisition and other measures. • Improve pond water quality through public education, regulation, and mitigation activities. • Protect the water quality of the town’s marine watersheds. Open Space Goal Maintain and expand open space assets to provide public recreation, protect fragile natural habitat, and protect water resources. • Improve public access to and expand the use of recreational areas. • Prioritize environmentally sensitive areas for preservation. • Maintain open space through density and development standards. Housing Goal Provide more affordable, safe, and accessible rental and ownership housing options at different price points, particularly for single people, young families, and our older population. Achieve the state’s 10% affordable goal by 2025. • Promote housing choices to allow families to live, work, and prosper. • Provide opportunities to address the varied housing needs of Brewster’s aging population. • Address the housing needs to the Town’s year-round and seasonal workforce. Coastal Management Goal In the context of coastal change, preserve and protect Brewster’s coastal resources and expand public access. • Protect coastal resources in ways that preserve coastal ecosystems and habitats and the character of the town and coastal neighborhoods. • Maintain and expand public access for all through public consensus and explore alternate modes of transport and access points. • Adapt to climate change projections and advance adaptation and resiliency techniques that are financially and environmentally sustainable. Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 20 CHAPTER 2: OVERALL POLICIES AND GOALS The CPC developed the following target allocation policy and overall CPA goals through careful consideration of community feedback and broad community goals as established from guiding local policy documents including the Vision Plan. The policy and goals are designed to guide the CPC’s deliberation of project requests for CPA funds in all four CPA funding categories and will be used to establish funding preferences. The policy and goals are not binding; The CPC will ultimately base its recommendations on individual project merits, using the target allocation policy and overall goals as a guide. FIVE-YEAR TARGET ALLOCATION POLICY When Brewster adopted the CPA in 2005, it did so with a customized bylaw increasing the minimum allocation amounts for each funding area to reflect community intentions and priorities when Brewster converted from the Cape Cod Open Space Land Acquisition Program6 (Cape Cod Land Bank) to CPA as enabled through MGL c.149 of the Acts of 2004. Per MGL c.149, Cape Cod towns may not amend the amount of or revoke the CPA surcharge on real property until after fiscal year 2020.7 PREVIOUS MINIMUM ALLOCATIONS Previously, CPA funds were allocated on the basis of the following amounts: a 50 percent allocation for open space and passive recreation projects; a 10 percent allocation for community housing; a 10 percent allocation for historic preservation; and a 30 percent allocation towards community housing, historic preservation, or recreation projects, but not open space. Of the 30 percent allocation, the CPC has been using up to 5 percent annually for administative costs, as allowed through the statute. RECOMMENDED MODIFIED ALLOCATIONS As part of this planning effort the CPC has reconsidered the minimum local bylaw allocation requirements and plans to recommend to the Select Board that Town Meeting amends the bylaw to be effective as of July 2023 (FY2024) There is an increasing community awareness of a variety of significant priorities for the Brewster community, especially for affordable and community housing as well as other CPA-eligible initiatives as at the Cape Cod Sea Camps properties (i.e., the Pond Parcel and the Bay Parcel) and capital needs for historic public buildings such as the Brewster Ladies’ Library. In addition, the CPC recognizes that there is a significant continued need for open space and natural resource conservation, especially considering the growing impacts from climate change on this coastal community and the continued efforts to protect the drinking water supply and water quality of Brewster’s ponds. For these reasons, the CPC recommends bylaw amendments to remove the customized allocation requirement and to defer to the statutory minimums of 10 percent for each of three categories: community housing, open space and recreation, and historic preservation. In addition, through this plan, the CPC establishes a five-year Target Allocation Policy which will guide funding allocations to address the top community priorities of community housing and open space. This approach will increase the Town’s flexibility and enhance its ability to utilize CPA funds to address a wider spectrum of community priorities, while continuing to allocate significant levels of funding for open space and natural resource conservation. CPC Target Allocation Policy for FY24-FY27 Through this plan, the CPC establishes target allocation policies to guide its recommendations for appropriations of CPA funds over the four-year period, FY24 through FY27. The policies are intended to support community priorities for use of CPA funds. 6 MGL c. 293 of the Acts of 1998 7 Massachusetts Department of Revenue, Cape Cod Land Bank and Community Preservation Act, Bulletin 2004-16B, October 2004. Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 21 Minimum Spending/Reserves The CPC intends to continue to recommend three reserves of 10 percent total annual revenue, which comply with the statutory minimums for community housing, historic preservation, and open space and recreation. To the extent possible, the CPC also intends to recommend allocations of the CPA funds for eligible projects and initiatives and administrative funds in roughly the proportions shown below as an average over five-years: • 30 percent for Community Housing • 30 percent for Open Space • 10 percent for Historic Preservation • 10 percent for Outdoor Recreation The remaining 20 percent of funds will remain as undesignated and can be used to fund projects in any of the CPA categories. Any undesignated funds (meaning funds that are not included in the minimum 10 percent reserves) that are not appropriated each year will roll over and remain undesignated. Note: The annual Open Space bond payments for FY24-27 as committed at the time of this writing will be deducted from the Open Space Fund balance carried over at the end of FY23. The FY24-27 targets will be calculated based on estimated revenues. This means that the FY24-27 targets for all categories including Open Space will be for new project allocations. Administrative Funds The CPC requires professional staff support to ensure proper record keeping, grant management, and clerical support in addition to other administrative needs such as funding the Community Preservation Coalition membership dues and advertising costs. Therefore, the CPC intends to budget 5 percent of total annual CPA revenue for administrative funds, as the CPA statute allows. The annual 5 percent administration expense will be deducted from the annual revenue total prior to the calculation of the targets. If the full 5 percent is not needed in any given year, the balance may be allocated to fund projects in any of the CPA categories. OVERALL CPA GOALS These overall goals are intended to help the CPC make hard decisions with the expectation that the CPA will not provide enough funding to fully fund all CPA funding requests. The CPC will refer to these overall goals during deliberations when considering the merits of funding requests and comparing eligible projects given limited funding. 6. Prioritize allocation of CPA funding to create and support community housing and preserve open space/natural resources, including multi-purpose projects that address both housing and open space needs. 7. Secondarily, support eligible outdoor recreation and historic preservation projects. 8. Support eligible projects that demonstrate compatibility with the Community Vision and other relevant community initiatives and goals such as at the Pond Parcel and/or Bay Parcel at the former Cape Cod Sea Camps property. 9. Encourage leveraging of CPA funds with other public and private funding as well as donation, bargain sales, and the like. 10. Allocate funding for regional projects that demonstrate clear community benefit and contributions from other communities in the region. Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 22 CHAPTER 3: COMMUNITY HOUSING Habitat for Humanity House on Paul Hush Way NEEDS Housing supply in Brewster is significantly impacted bythe large number of part-time residents and vacation rentals. Although Brewster is bolstered by the seasonal economy, this factor and the investment in second home ownership have also made affordable housing and market-rate year-round rental housing difficult to find. The 2017 Housing Production Plan identified rental housing for low-income families, single people, and subsidized rental housing for the elderly as the priority housing needs of the community. The COVID-19 pandemic has also affected the town, with some residents converting seasonal homes to year-round residences, a rapid rise in housing prices, and overall uncertainty about future population trends and variations in the tourism industry. GOALS 5. Create community housing, including affordable housing, that will address documented local and regional housing needs including, but not limited to, affordable year-round senior housing options, year-round rental housing and housing assistance for low-income families and seniors, and housing for residents with special needs, such as Veterans. As is well documented through the 2017 Brewster Housing Production Plan and the 2017 Cape Cod Housing Market Analysis, Brewster’s greatest needs are for rental housing that is affordable for low-income families, senior housing options, and increased supply of housing in general. The CPA funds can fund the creation of affordable and community housing for households earning up to 100 percent AMI. Funds should be targeted to create affordable year-round rental housing options and senior housing options. In addition, creation of housing for individuals with special needs continues to be important within the region. In addition, the CPA funds are an important local resource to bring Brewster closer to reaching the state’s affordable housing goals of 10 percent year-round housing stock as tracked through the Subsided Housing Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 23 Inventory (SHI). To be eligible for inclusion on the SHI, the units must be affordable to households at or below 80 percent AMI. As of August 2021, Brewster’s SHI lists 5.6 percent of year-round housing stock as affordable. This is still based on the 2010 U.S. Decennial Census count of year-round housing units and is likely to change when the 2020 Census figures are released. Per 2016 amendments to the CPA statute, CPA funds that are transferred to a housing trust must be used for statutory requirements for housing trusts. 6. Support eligible housing initiatives and ongoing work of the Brewster Affordable Housing Trust to address local housing needs. The purpose of Brewster Affordable Housing Trust (Trust), which was created through a Town Meeting vote in May 2018, is to provide for the preservation and creation of affordable housing in Brewster for the benefit of low/moderate-income households and for the funding of community housing. The Trust is overseen by a seven-member Board of Trustees, appointed by the Select Board. The Trust regularly requests CPA funds to support its initiatives. The CPC anticipates that the Trust will continue to request funding as needed, based on specific CPA-eligible projects and initiatives CPA funds, when transferred to a housing trust, must be used for CPA-eligible purposes only and must be tracked separately from other trust funds so that the use of funds can be reported annually to the MA Department of Revenue (per the CP-3 report). 7. Continue to support local capacity to implement housing initiatives, including through the Town’s housing coordinator position. The CPA funds are a critical funding source to continue supporting Brewster’s capacity to implement local housing initiative. The CPA should continue to support the Town’s local capacity in this way, including support for the Brewster Housing Office and the Town’s housing coordinator. The Housing Office addresses community housing needs in Brewster and is critical to coordinating the various local initiatives to support low/moderate income households, create affordable and community housing in the town, and as a central point of contact for information and education about housing needs, initiatives, resources, and assistance. 8. Support the preservation of the existing stock of affordable rental and ownership housing. Most of Brewster’s affordable housing units are restricted as affordable in perpetuity, however some units are not restricted in perpetuity. CPA funds can be especially critical to protecting affordable ownership units when needed upon sale through purchase and resale (it is not uncommon for the affordability of ownership units to be compromised upon resale or foreclosure, depending on the terms of the affordability restrictions). In addition, preservation of the Town’s existing affordable housing stock, especially the Housing Authority units, is also an important priority for CPA funds. 9. Continue to support the Brewster Buy Down Program to assist eligible first-time homebuyers. The Town of Brewster, through Community Preservation Funds, provides up to $30,000 of grant assistance for eligible buyers purchasing a home in Brewster. The program, contingent on existing funds, is available to households qualifying at 80% AMI (Area Median Income) who agree to place a permanent affordable housing deed restriction on the home. The grant assistance is provided as an interest free loan which is forgivable after 30 years. Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 24 ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES Chapter 44B of the Massachusetts General Laws (CPA Statute) defines “community housing” as “low- and moderate-income housing for individuals and families, including low- or moderate-income senior housing.” Low- income housing is affordable to households with annual incomes of less than 80% of the areawide median income (AMI) and moderate-income housing is affordable to households earning less than 100% AMI. Furthermore, the CPA Statute defines “senior housing” as housing for persons 60 years old or over, who also meet the qualifications for low or moderate income. The CPA Statute allows expenditures for the acquisition, creation, preservation, and support of community housing and for the rehabilitation of community housing that is acquired or created through CPA. Preservation, which is a permitted activity for community housing, is defined as the “protection of personal or real property from injury, harm or destruction, but not including maintenance.” Rehabilitation, which is only permitted for housing created using CPA funds, is defined as “the remodeling, reconstruction and making of extraordinary repairs, to...community housing for the purpose of making such...community housing functional for their intended use, including, but not limited to, improvements to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act and other federal, state or local building or access codes.” The CPA Statute defines the term “support” as programs that provide grants, loans, rental assistance, security deposits, interest-rate write downs or other forms of assistance directly to individuals and families who are eligible for community housing . . .” The CPA Statute also allows CPA funds to be appropriated to a Municipal Affordable Housing Trust (MGL c.44 s.55C). Any CPA funds allocated to a Housing Trust must be used for CPA-eligible purposes, as clarified through the 2016 amendments. Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 25 COMMUNITY HOUSING NEEDS & RESOURCES A PROFILE FOR THE BREWSTER COMMUNITY PRESERVATION PLAN POPULATION & HOUSEHOLDS • Brewster’s 2020 year-round population was 10,318, reversing a recent downward trend and returning to the level seen around the year 2000. • The town’s year-round population is forecast to decline at a gradual rate, with an estimated 7,888 people by 2035. • The town’s seasonal population increases dramatically, with approximately 30,000 visitors per year, increasing competition for housing between year-round residents, part-time residents, seasonal workers, and vacationers. • The population of Brewster is aging. In 2000, 26 percent of residents were over 65, increasing 32 percent by 2019. The median age increased from 47 years old in 2000 to an estimated 54 years old in 2019. • Of the 4,198 households, about 21 percent have children under 18 years old and 49 percent have one or more household members over 65 years old. • Racial make-up is predominantly White, with 94.7 percent of the population. 2.2 percent of residents are Hispanic, with the remaining 3.1 percent made up of Black or African-American, Asian, and mixed race residents. • Brewster’s median household income per 2019 estimates was $75,321 - an increase from the 2010 median household income of $68,439 (in 2019 dollars). • An estimated 38 percent of Brewster households have low incomes – incomes at or below 80 percent AMI. • The median sale price of a single-family house in 2020 was $519,500, increasing to an average of $612,850 in Jan-Jul 2021. • 85 percent of Brewster year-round households own their homes, 28 percent of which are housing–burdened (spending over 30 percent of their income on housing), while 50 percent of Brewster’s 635 year-round rental households are housing- burdened. • The median rent in Brewster is $1,097 per month, but this relatively low number is artificially depressed due to the high percentage of year-round rentals which are subsidized as well as disparities in rent throughout the year due to tourism. A SUMMARY OF KEY NEEDS Although Brewster is bolstered by the seasonal economy, this factor, along with the investment in second- home ownership, has also made affordable and market-rate year- round housing difficult to find. The 2017 Housing Production Plan identified rental housing for low- income families, single people, and subsidized rental housing for the elderly as the priority housing needs of the community. The COVID-19 pandemic has also affected the town, with some residents converting seasonal homes to year-round residences, a rapid rise in housing prices, and overall uncertainty on future population trends and variations in the tourism industry. HOUSHOLD INCOME & HOUSING COST Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 26 • Brewster has an estimated 4,198 year-round occupied housing units – 85 percent are owner occupied and 15 percent renter occupied. Census estimates suggest that Brewster lost 122 rental units since 2010, a decline of 16 percent. • There are an estimated 3,763 seasonal housing units in Brewster, comprising 47 percent of the town’s total housing units. • The Town’s housing stock remains primarily single-family at about 90 percent of total housing units, the balance being condominiums, duplexes, and multi-family units. • Brewster’s housing stock is significantly newer than in other communities, with 58 percent built after 1980, reflecting the rapid population and housing growth between 1970 and 2000. HOUSING AFFORDABILITY • 5.6 percent (268 units) of Brewster’s total housing stock is counted as affordable on the State’s Subsidized Housing Inventory (SHI), which is below the State’s minimum affordability goal of 10 percent. • of the affordable ownership units were built through Comprehensive Permits under MGL C. 40B. • The largest rental development is King’s Landing on Underpass Road with 108 subsidized units at 80 percent AMI. It was purchased and renovated in 2013 by POAH, a national affordable housing development nonprofit, to ensure the affordable housing set to expire in 2017 would continue, with a current expiry date of 2033. • The Fredrick Court and Wells Court developments are state and federally funded, respectively, and together provide 46 subsidized units for seniors. • Habitat for Humanity developed 14 permanently affordable ownership units at Tubman Road, Hush Way, and Red Top Road. • The Brewster Housing Authority owns twelve duplexes with a total of 24 units of subsidized family rental housing on Huckleberry Lane. • 2006-2017 Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development) • 2019 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2010 Census, 2000 Census (U.S. Census Bureau) • 2017 Housing Production Plan (Town of Brewster) • Aug. 2021 Subsidized Housing Inventory (Massachusetts Department of Housing and Community Development) • Brewster, MA Town Stats (The Warren Group) • King’s Landing Apartments - Preservation of Affordable Housing (www.poah.org/property/massachusetts/kings- landing-apartments) • Senior Housing - Town of Brewster (brewster- ma.gov/senior-housing) • Huckleberry Land Project – Community Preservation Coalition (www.communitypreservation.org/community- housing-16-brewster-housing-authority-huckleberry- land-project) HOUSING SUPPLY SOURCES ABBREVIATIONS • ACS – American Community Survey • AMI – Area Median Income • CHAS – Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy • HPP – Housing Production Plan • TWG – The Warren Group Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 27 Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 28 CHAPTER 4: OPEN SPACE Windrift Acres NEEDS Brewster has protected nearly 30% of its total land area, much of which contains environmentally important landscapes and wildlife. Brewster’s water resources must continue to be protected, especially as climate change continues to have an impact on coastal communities like Brewster. It is key for the Town to maintain protections for coastal regions and those areas prone to flooding, as well as invest further into open space and passive recreation spaces with a limited environmental impact. GOALS 1 Continue to protect drinking water quality through strategic land conservation of private properties in Zone II Drinking Water Protection Areas including through fee simple acquisition and conservation restrictions in partnership with local/regional land trusts, other private organizations, and other public entities. Maintaining Brewster’s high quality of drinking water continues to be critically important locally as well as regionally. The 2021 Cape Cod Regional Policy Plan’s goal for water resources is, in part, to maintain a sustainable supply of high-quality untreated drinking water. Per the Brewster 2020 Draft Open Space and Recreation Plan, the top goal is still to protect the Town’s drinking water supply with three objectives: 1) Acquire open space for the purpose of protecting existing and future wellhead sites; 2) Protect existing public supply wells from land-based sources of contamination; and 3) Coordinate wastewater management planning efforts with protecting drinking water resources. The CPA funds will continue to be instrumental for water resource protection, particularly to acquire open space land and conservation restrictions in Zone II Drinking Water Protection Areas. Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 29 2 Support the strategic land conservation to protect the water quality of freshwater ponds including through fee simple acquisition and conservation restrictions in partnership with local/regional land trusts, other private organizations, and other public entities. Brewster contains 80 freshwater ponds, encompassing over 10% of the town’s total surface area. A vast majority of Brewster's ponds suffer some level of impairment including lack of clarity (high chlorophyll,) nutrient loading (high phosphorus) and low dissolved oxygen, which limits survival in the aquatic habitat. These ponds are important natural features and habitats and provide recreational opportunities for residents and visitors. To support a goal of the 2020 Draft Open Space and Recreation Plan, land conservation to protect Brewster’s ponds is important to maintain their important ecological functions and values to the community. CPA funds will be a critical source of funding for these initiatives. 3 Support open space conservation efforts to facilitate coastal management and community resilience including to support managed retreat to address coastal erosion. As a coastal community, Brewster is facing substantial impacts from climate change including sea level rise, flooding, and erosion. The Town is experiencing erosion rates of up to 2 feet/year (and 15 feet with storm surge) and there is little or no buffer between infrastructure, including parking areas and stormwater infrastructure, and the beach. As the region expects more severe storms with increasing frequency, these impacts will become more extreme. The environmental damage and property damage will continue to present high and increasing costs. The Town has diligently assessed vulnerability and risk and created a Coastal Adaptation Plan. CPA funds can support open space conservation efforts that enhance Brewster’s resilience including managed retreat as well as other eligible initiatives, as identified by the Brewster Department of Natural Resources.8 4 Fund the preservation of natural resources, especially to ensure the health and expansion of salt marshes such as the removal of invasive species, protecting floodplains and uplands adjacent to salt marshes, and restoring natural tidal flow. Brewster contains diverse natural habitats which support plants and wildlife including invertebrates, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals, several species being listed as rare and/or endangered. Brewster has two areas designated as Areas of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC): Pleasant Bay and Inner Cape Cod Bay. Additionally, BioMap2 identifies over 5,500 acres of Core Habitat and close to 9,000 acres of Critical Natural Landscape. These important habitats include salt marshes, which are coastal wetlands that form transition zones between land and sea. Salt marshes act as natural purifiers by filtering pollutants and sediment and by absorbing excess nutrients from streams, rivers, and surface runoff. Salt marshes are valuable for climate change mitigation because they sequester atmospheric carbon and convert it to salt marsh vegetation (referred to as “blue carbon”).9 Invasive species are introduced organisms (plant, animal, invertebrate) that are not native to a specific area and cause harm to that environment. Typically, a species that arrived after European settlement is thought to be non-native. Invasive species have substantial negative impacts to their introduced environment. This is because the species did not evolve with the local ecosystem and may not have any natural predators or contribute to native wildlife in any way.10 8 Source: Using Managed Retreat to Address Coastal Erosion in Brewster, a presentation by Chris Miller, Director of the Brewster Department of Natural Resources: http://www.waquoitbayreserve.org/wp-content/uploads/D2_07_Miller-Coastal-Retreat-in-Brewster.pdf 9 Source: Association to Preserve Cape Cod/Salt Marsh Restoration: https://apcc.org/our-work/science/salt-marsh-restoration/ 10 Source: Brewster Conservation Trust/Invasive Species, Native Pollinators, and the BCT: https://brewsterconservationtrust.org/invasive-species-native- pollinators-and-the-bct/ Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 30 When tidal flow to salt marshes is restricted, these once-saline environments change to a brackish or freshwater condition in which native salt marsh vegetation suffers. Typically, these brackish marshes become colonized by the invasive common reed (Phragmites australis) which forms dense stands 12 feet or higher. As invasive species take over, a major shift in wildlife occurs, and formerly diverse communities of salt marsh inhabitants are replaced by fewer species.11 CPA funds will be an important source for protecting salt marshes including the removal of invasive species and protecting floodplains and uplands adjacent to salt marshes and restoring natural tidal flow. ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES The CPA defines the term “open space” as including, but not limited to, land deemed necessary to protect existing and future well fields, aquifers and recharge areas, watershed land, agricultural land, lake and pond frontage, beaches, and scenic vistas. The CPA statute allows the use of CPA funds for the acquisition, creation, and preservation of open space. Additionally, the CPA statute allows for the rehabilitation/restoration of open space that was acquired or created with CPA funds. Per MGL c.44B s.5(f), CPA funds may not be used to acquire real property, or property interest, for a price exceeding the value of the property (as determined by methods customarily accepted by the appraisal profession). In accordance with the CPA statute (MGL c.44B s.12(a) and (b)), an acquisition of real property is required to be owned by the municipality and to be bound by a permanent restriction. Any open space acquisitions by the Town using CPA funds will require execution of a permanent restriction that runs to the benefit of a nonprofit organization, charitable corporation, or foundation and that is in accordance with the requirements of MGL c.184. In addition, CPA funds may be appropriated to pay a nonprofit organization to hold, monitor, and enforce the deed restriction on the property (sometimes called a “stewardship fee”). 11 Source: Association to Preserve Cape Cod/Salt Marsh Restoration Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 31 PERMANENTLY PROTECTED OPEN SPACE • MGL c. 61, 61A, and 61B allow an agricultural, forest, or recreational property to be temporarily protected in exchange for a tax reduction. The town additionally is granted the right to purchase the property if the classification is removed. • There are thirteen private parcels listed in the Chapter 61, 61A, or 61B programs, totaling about 165 acres. • Scenic Resources in Brewster tend to take the form of heritage landscapes, which include cemeteries, parks, estates, and scenic roads. • Examples include Dillingham cemetery, Stony Brook Grist Mill, and Crosby Mansion (today a part of Nickerson State Park). the Punkhorn Parklands, Sheep Pond Woodlands, Mother’s Bog, and Baker’s Pond, to name a few. OPEN SPACE NEEDS & RESOURCES A PROFILE FOR THE BREWSTER COMMUNITY PRESERVATION PLAN • Brewster contains over 2,200 acres of protected land, or 28.9% of its total land area. • The Brewster Conversation Commission manages 822 acres of conservation land, while the Town of Brewster additionally manages about 1,000 acres of other municipally owned conservation lands. • Nonprofit land trusts and organizations such as the Orenda Wildlife Land Trust, the Brewster Conservation Trust, and the Cape Cod Museum of Natural History manage smaller acreages. • The Commonwealth’s first state park, Roland C. Nickerson State Park, spans 1,960 acres and is managed by the Department of Conservation and Recreation. The state also owns three parcels: Thad Ellis Road, off Gull’s Way on Sheep’s Pond, and off Satucket Road. • The Brewster Water Department owns an additional approximate eight acres of land. SUMMARY OF KEY NEEDS Brewster has protected nearly 30% of its total land area, much of which contains environmentally important landscapes and wildlife. Brewster’s water resources – including vernal pools, freshwater ponds, and coastal areas – must continue to be protected, especially as climate change continues to have an impact on coastal communities like Brewster. It is key for the Town to maintain protections for coastal regions and those areas prone to flooding, as well as invest further into open space and passive recreation spaces with a limited environmental impact. SCENIC RESOURCES CHAPTER 61 - TEMPORARY PROTECTION Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 32 WATER RESOURCES • Brewster Open Space and Recreation Plan, 2014 (OSRP 2014) • Brewster Open Space and Recreation Plan Draft, 2020 (OSRP 2020) • Brewster’s 2018 Vision Plan • Brewster BioMap2, 2012 (BioMap2) • Brewster Ponds Coalition: https://www.brewsterponds.org/b eneath-the-surface.html SOURCES • Brewster is located within the Cape Cod Watershed, the Pleasant Bay Watershed, and contains six additional embayment watersheds located within the town, including Cape Cod Bay, Herring River, Namskaket Creek, Pleasant Bay, Quivett Creek, Stony Brook, and a portion of the Bass River Watershed. • Importantly, Brewster contains 80 freshwater ponds, encompassing over 10% of the town’s total surface area. • A vast majority of Brewster's ponds suffer some level of impairment including lack of clarity (high chlorophyll,) nutrient loading (high phosphorus) and low dissolved oxygen, which limits survival in the aquatic habitat. (Brewster Ponds Coalition) • Furthermore, 20% of Brewster’s total land area is comprised of wetlands, which include saltwater wetlands (salt marshes and tidal flats) as well as freshwater wetlands (swamps, bogs, and vernal pools). • Brewster’s drinking water comes from the Cape Cod Aquifer through public wells and originates in the Monomoy Lens. The aquifer itself is at risk of contamination due to the absence of hydrogeologic barriers which can prevent contaminants from entering the water. • Brewster has enacted wellhead protections, as well as a Groundwater Protection District designation. However, note that Zone I and II only protect the aquifer within the areas that recharge wells. AREAS OF CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN (ACECS) • Areas of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC) are spaces that receive recognition for the quality and significance of their natural and cultural resources. ACEC designation can allow for the creation of a framework of management and preservation of critical resources and ecosystems by local and regional entities. • ACECs in Brewster include Pleasant Bay ACEC and the Inner Cape Cod Bay ACEC. • The Pleasant Bay ACEC, about 1% of which is located within Brewster, contains salt marshes, tidal flats, ponds, bays, and barrier beaches, all of which provide flood control and storm damage prevention and mitigation. • The Inner Cape Cod Bay ACEC stretches across Eastham, Orleans, and Brewster, with only 15% of the area being within Brewster (East Brewster). It contains wildlife habitats, shellfish beds, and tidal rivers. FISHERIES & WILDLIFE • Brewster contains diverse natural habitats which support plants and wildlife including invertebrates, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals, several species being listed as rare and/or endangered. • The Brewster BioMap2 outlines two primary habitat types in Brewster: the wetlands core and the aquatic core. Both areas contain numerous Species of Conservation Concern, meaning that both the natural life and area itself are monitored. Other habitat types include vernal pool core. • Additionally, parts of Brewster’s coastal areas are designated as Priority and Exemplary Natural Communities, indicating areas which have limited distribution of natural plant and animal communities. (BioMap2) • The town also contains approximately 38 vernal pools, which are seasonal bodies of water integral to the life cycle of a variety of species, including amphibians, crustaceans, and turtles. Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 33 Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 34 Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 35 Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 36 CHAPTER 5: HISTORIC PRESERVATION NEEDS Brewster has a diverse set of historical resources, from mansions and town buildings to cemeteries and churches. These resources are well inventoried, and some are protected in as part of the Old King’s Highway Local Historic District. Others have limited protection and incentives for rehabilitation through listing on the National Register of Historic Places. Key public resources need preservation as well as opportunities to protect historic resources at the Cape Cod Sea Camp’s Bay Parcel and other publicly accessible properties. Furthermore, the town contains some Native American archaeological sites which require further investigation and research. GOALS 1. Preserve, rehabilitate, and restore historic resources that provide a high level of community access and benefit, such as the historic structures owned by the Brewster Historical Society and historic buildings on town owned parcels like Cape Cod Sea Camps and Spruce Hill. CPA funds are an important source of funding for historic preservation initiatives, for both public and private resources, however given limited funding, the CPC prioritizes the allocation of CPA funds to projects that will provide a high level of public access and benefit. Examples include historic public building as well as other historic properties that are open to the public or provide other tangible and direct public benefits. CPA funds can provide support for the preservation (protecting resources from harm), rehabilitation (making resources functional for their intended use, including improvements to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and other building or access codes), and restoration (depicting the form, features, and character of a property as it appeared at a particular period). Image Placeholder. Need a higher resolution photo of Cape Rep Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 37 2. Support the preservation of Native American sites and artifacts through archaeological investigation. The area was initially settled by the Sauguatuckett, Nauset, and Nobscussett tribes, who lived around the north shore of the town and developed fields at Stony Brook. Native American archaeological sites have been identified along water bodies in Brewster, as well as evidence of a pre-colonial well. However, further investigation and archaeological work is necessary to determine if more resources exist. 3. Continue preservation efforts to protect historic town records. Brewster’s historic town records and other historic documents are under the care of multiple entities. The Town Clerk is responsible for historic town records that are stored at Town Hall; the Brewster Historical Society stores records at the Cobb House Museum, and the Brewster Ladies Library has a collection of oral histories. The Cape Cod Museum of Natural History also has a collection of local archaeological artifacts. Preservation of historic town records is a common preservation project in many CPA communities. Town records are not included on the State Register of Historic Places and, therefore, need to be determined by the Brewster historic preservation commission to be significant in the history, archeology, architecture, or culture of a city or town. ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES The CPA Act, as amended July 2012, defines a historic resource as “a building, structure, vessel, real property, document, or artifact that is listed on the State Register of Historic Places or has been determined by the local historic preservation commission to be significant in the history, archeology, architecture, or culture of a city or town.” CPA funds can be used for the “acquisition, preservation, rehabilitation, and restoration of historic resources.” In addition, CPA funds may be appropriated to pay a nonprofit organization to hold, monitor, and/or enforce a deed restriction as described in Section 12 of the CPA Act (amended Summer 2012). Furthermore, within the definition of “rehabilitation,” CPA is allowed to fund improvements to make historic resources functional for their intended use, including improvements to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and other building or access codes. All rehabilitation work, with respect to historic resources, is required to comply with the Standards for Rehabilitation stated in the US Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties (codified in 36 C.F.R. Part 68). Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 38 NATIVE AMERICAN RESOURCES PRIORITY LANDSCAPES LOCAL HISTORIC DISTRICTS NATIONAL REGISTER RESOURCES • National Register districts are established by the Secretary of the Interior, and provide recognition of the importance of a place, while allowing limited protection from federal or state funded projects. • There are two National Register districts in Brewster: The Old King’s Highway and the Stony Brook/Factory Village districts (MACRIS) • Within these two districts, there are 266 properties listed as National Resources (MACRIS) • Additionally, five resources are individually listed on the National Register: three are related to the Nickerson Mansion; others include Dillingham House and the Old Higgins Farm Windmill (MACRIS) • Local historic districts (LHD) are created through local bylaws and are regulatory. An LHD regulates changes made to exterior architectural features of structures located along the district (Landscape Inv) • Brewster contains one Local Historic District, the Old King’s Highway Historic District, which was adopted in 1973 (Landscape Inv) • The Old King’s Highway Historic District contains eighteen resources, ranging from agricultural sites and burial grounds to civic centers and open space areas (Landscape Inv) A SUMMARY OF KEY NEEDS Brewster has a diverse set of historical resources, from mansions and town buildings to cemeteries and churches. These resources are well inventoried, and some are protected in as part of the Old King’s Highway Local Historic District. Others have limited protection and incentives for rehabilitation through listing on the National Register of Historic Places. Key public resources are in need of preservation as well as opportunities to protect historic resources at the Cape Cod Sea Camp’s Bay Parcel and other publicly-accessible properties. Furthermore, the town contains some Native American archaeological sites which require further investigation and research. • The Massachusetts Heritage Landscape Inventory identified nine priority heritage landscapes, including, but not limited to: Cape Cod Sea Camps, Old King’s Highway, and Stonybrook Valley. • A priority heritage landscape is a place that is defined by human interaction and is integral to the community both past and present. Each of these landscapes tell a story of Brewster’s past: the Cape Cod Sea Camps, established in the early 20th century, is both a natural and historical resource for the generations of children who attended summer camp here. HISTORIC PRESERVATION NEEDS & RESOURCES A PROFILE FOR THE BREWSTER COMMUNITY PRESERVATION PLAN • The area was initially settled by the Sauguatuckett, Nauset, and Nobscussett tribes, who lived around the north shore of the town and developed fields at Stony Brook. • During the Contact Period (1500-1620), Native Americans sold agricultural products to settlers. • Native American archaeological sites have been identified along water bodies in Brewster, as well as evidence of a pre- colonial well. However, further investigation and archaeological work is necessary to determine if more resources exist. Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 39 17TH CENTURY 19TH CENTURY 18TH CENTURY • By the 18th century, Brewster’s economy began to expand from primarily agriculture to include mills and whaling. Later in the century, the salt manufacturing trade began to develop. • Many town institutions such as the first churches and meetinghouse were developed during this period. • 18th century resources on MACRIS include the Old Higgins Farm Windmill (1750) and Captain Elijah Cobb House (1799). The latter property remains standing and is currently home to the Brewster Historical Society Museum. ARTIFACTS AND DOCUMENTS • Some of Brewster’s historical documents and records are preserved by the Brewster Historical Society, which stores these resources at the Cobb House Museum. These include the Donald Doane collection of over400 turn-of-the-century photographic glass plate negatives. • The Town Clerk is responsible for historic town records stored at Town Hall, including handwritten material from the town clerk and tax assessors dating back to 1803. • Additionally, the Historical Commission maintains an inventory of important historical resources, which are listed on the town website. • The Brewster Ladies Library houses a collection of oral histories from long time Brewster residents as part of its historic resources. • The Cape Cod Museum of Natural History has a collection of local artifacts, including Native American. • Native American Sauguatucketts occupied the land around the north shore with planting fields concentrated at Stony Brook. • The first European settlement was established in1650 in Sauguatuckett territory. Early settlers called themselves the “Setucket Proprietors” and met to lay out roads and settle property disputes. • By the end of the 17th century, the area’s major roadways had been established, connecting the settlement to nearby towns. • The first Gristmill was built at Stony Brook in 1662. • MACRIS lists three resources from this time, which include the Dillingham House (c. 1659) and Eldridge House (c. 1690). • In 1694, a township named Harwich was established. The North Parish of Harwich included the Stony Brook Valley and shoreline along Cape Cod Bay. • One such resource, the Linger Longer By The Sea Cottage, is still standing and operates as a vacation rental. • The North Parish of Harwich was officially incorporated as the Town of Brewster in 1803. Many of the town’s residents made their living from the sea as shipmasters or crew members. The town’s saltworks provided significant economic value until the decline of the local salt industry in the mid- 1800s. • MACRIS lists 203 resources from this time, including two grist mills, four churches, and over 150 houses. • Structures from the first half of the century had diverse uses, such as Harwich First Parish Church Archway and Water Pump, while the latter half of the century saw the construction of homes as well as the Old Town Hall and the Ladies’ Library. Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 40 SOURCES 20TH CENTURY • Massachusetts Cultural Resource Information System, mhc-macris.net (MACRIS) • MHC Reconnaissance Survey Town Report: Brewster, 1984 (Reconnaissance Survey) • Heritage Landscape Inventory Report : Brewster, MA, 2007 (Landscape Inv) • Brewster Historical Society (BHS) • Brewster Historical Commission (BHC) • Massachusetts Historical Commission There’s A Difference Report, https://www.sec.state.ma.us/mhc/mhcpdf/difference.pdf (TAD Report) • Cape Cod Museum of Natural History - contact Kate Roderick kroderick@ccmnh.org • Brewster Archaeological Resources Map • The early 20th century saw a sharp decline in Brewster’s population. By World War I, the town saw an increase in the construction of summer homes and private estates. This trend continued through the rest of the century, with an increase in seasonal homes coinciding with a decrease in year-round population. • MACRIS lists 231 resources from this century, notably Nickerson Mansion and Park (1908). The earliest structures include churches and cottages dating to 1900, which are still standing. • Much of Brewster’s historical resources from this century were constructed between 1930 and 1970, some of which – like the Crosby House and Nickerson Mansion – have already been preserved and turned into a museum and state park, respectively. Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 41 Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 42 CHAPTER 6: OUTDOOR RECREATION Stony Brook Field NEEDS Many of Brewster’s 30,000 seasonal visitors are drawn to the recreation activities in the area, including fishing, boating, swimming, biking and golfing. The town serves residents with a wide variety of sports fields and venues as well as classes, activities, and local recreational clubs and camps. Since most of the land in Brewster is privately owned, preservation of private recreational parcels is important, such as privately owned campgrounds, riding paths, golf courses, and youth camps. The Brewster Vision Plan highlights the need for more walking trails and bike paths and residents consider the development of new seasonal and year-round active recreation activities for all ages to be very important, with an emphasis on accessible recreation options. GOALS 6. Rehabilitate existing playgrounds, parks, and other outdoor public recreation facilities to improve quality and accessibility. As amended in 2012, the CPA statute allows CPA funds to be used for rehabilitation of existing outdoor recreational resources including playgrounds, parks, golf courses, and other facilities. For recreation projects, rehabilitation also includes replacement of playground equipment and other capital improvements to make the land more functional for the intended recreation use. This includes improvements to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act and other codes. One of the key goals stated in the Town’s 2020 Draft Open Space and Recreation Plan (OSRP) is to provide a variety of recreation and open space opportunities to promote healthy and active lifestyle for Brewster residents, ensuring equitable access for all users and abilities. CPA funding can help promote this important goal for existing outdoor recreation facilities. Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 43 7. Create all-ages outdoor recreation facilities including those geared toward older adults, such as pickleball courts, and accessible facilities for individuals with special needs. As stated above, a key goal of the Town’s 2020 Draft OSRP is to promote healthy and active lifestyles and equitable access for all users and abilities. As the local and regional population ages, it is important to provide outdoor recreation facilities for all ages. CPA funds can create new outdoor recreation facilities as well as rehabilitate existing facilities to promote accessibility and options geared toward older adults. 8. Expand and improve bike trails and bike trail connections, including the key recreation destinations. The 22-mile Cape Cod Rail Trail (CCRT) passes through Brewster for approximately six miles on its way from Dennis to Wellfleet. It is the only designated bike path in the town and is heavily used. Biking is popular and could provide additional recreational benefits with connections to key destinations. The CPC would consider recommending CPA funds to creating additional bike paths to promote outdoor recreation. 9. Rehabilitate hiking trails and create improved trail connections, including improved boardwalks, such as the boardwalk to Wing Island at the Cape Cod Museum Trail.12 Many of the Town’s Conservation Areas as well as other open space properties have hiking/nature trails, which provide passive recreation opportunities for residents and visitors. CPA funds can be an important source of funding, paired with other state funds such as the MassTrails Grant Program, to create and improve trail connections. Some specific project possibilities could include the boardwalk to Wing Island from Drummer Boy Park, which has been raised at the last two public hearings. 10. Fund preservation of key private recreation sites to ensure public access and enjoyment. There are several private non-profit camps and sporting clubs in Brewster that provide important recreational facilities for kids and adults. Funding for outdoor recreation facilities that are privately-owned could be eligible for funding with the provision of a clear a direct public benefit, such as public access. 12 Note that the MassTrails Grant Program awarded the Town of Brewster $50,000 in 2021 to fund design, public outreach, and permitting for the Wing Island boardwalk project. The boardwalk would provide accessibility to the 27-acre Wing’s Island, interconnect existing public trail segments, and provide a fully ADA compliant pathway to complement recent work at neighboring Drummer Boy Park. The project will receive $46,013.64 in matching funds from the Town of Brewster. Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 44 ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES The CPA defines recreational use as including, but not limited to, the use of land for community gardens, and noncommercial youth and adult sports, and the use of land as a park, playground, or athletic field. The definition goes on to prohibit “. . . horse or dog racing or the use of land for a stadium, gymnasium, or similar structure.” Per the July 2012 amendments, the CPA statute allows use of CPA funds for the acquisition, creation, preservation, rehabilitation, and restoration of land for recreational use. Note that the 2012 amendments allow “rehabilitation” where previously it only allowed for recreational land created through the CPA. This amendment would allow existing parks and playgrounds to be rehabilitated with upgraded and new facilities and amenities. Maintenance costs are not eligible for CPA funds. In addition, acquisition of artificial turf for athletic fields is expressly prohibited in Section 5(b)(2). Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 45 RECREATION NEEDS & RESOURCES A PROFILE FOR THE BREWSTER COMMUNITY PRESERVATION PLAN PONDS & BEACHES • Brewster contains about 80 ponds, making up over 10 percent of the town’s surface area. The ponds are used for recreational fishing (14 ponds are regularly stocked with fish), boating, sunbathing, swimming, ice fishing and ice skating. MA fishing licenses are required on all ponds. Most ponds lack official public landings, but five ponds have formal public beaches and landings: o Long Pond – Boat ramp and beach (with lifeguard from July 4 – Labor Day) o Slough Pond – Car-top boat launch and beach o Upper Mill Pond – Accessible viewing platform and boat ramp o Sheep Pond – Accessible viewing platform, boat ramp and beach o Schoolhouse Pond – Accessible fishing dock and car-top boat launch, winter ice skating o Walkers Pond – Town public boat ramp • Brewster has ten saltwater beaches along Cape Cod Bay, each of which is accessible from a street connecting to Route 6A. The beaches are popular for swimming, sunbathing, beach strolling, fishing, and boating access. The beaches from west to east are: o Wings Island Beach o Paine’s Creek Beach o Mant’s Landing Beach o Saint’s Landing Beach o Breakwater Landing o Breakwater Beach o Point of Rocks Landing Beach o Ellis Landing Beach o Spruce Hill Beach o Linnell Landing Beach o Crosby Landing Beach SUMMARY OF KEY NEEDS • Many of Brewster’s 30,000 seasonal visitors are drawn to the recreation activities in the area, including fishing, boating, and swimming. The town also serves residents with a wide variety of sports fields and venues as well as classes, activities, and local sporting and recreational clubs and camps. • Since most of the land in Brewster is privately owned, preservation of private parcels with recreational space is very important, such as Brewster’s privately owned campgrounds, riding paths, golf courses, and youth camps. • The Brewster Vision Plan highlights the need for more walking trails, bike paths, sidewalks, and a dog park. In a recent survey, only half of respondents said they lived within ¼ mile of a recreation or open space resource. • In the same survey, 40 percent of respondents considered the development of new seasonal and year- round active recreation activities for all ages to be very important, with an emphasis on accessible recreation options. • Note that this profile provides a sample of recreation activities and spaces in Brewster. Conservation areas provide space for residents to enjoy the outdoors, meaning that there is considerable overlap between open space and recreation resources. NATURE TRAILS, PONDS, AND OPEN SPACE • The 22-mile Cape Cod Rail Trail (CCRT) passes through Brewster for approximately six miles on its way from Dennis to Wellfleet. It is the only designated bike path in the town, and is heavily used by cyclists, roller skaters, roller bladers, skate boarders, cross country skiiers, walkers, and occasionally equestrians. • The Cape Cod Museum of Natural History additionally contains a trail access point to Wing’s Island, where visitors can enter near the museum, cross a salt marsh, access Wing’s Island, and end at a barrier beach. Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 46 RECREATION DEPARTMENT • Nickerson State Park, owned and managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, is in the eastern sector of Brewster and covers over 1,960 acres. Popular recreational activities in the park include camping, hiking, cycling, freshwater and saltwater swimming, fishing, and boating. Camping is particularly popular in the park, with over 400 camp sites available. The Park also contains the Stephen L. French Youth Forestry Camp, which hosts the Homeward Bound Wilderness Program for court-acquainted adolescents. • Drummer Boy Park is a 17-acre park with lawns used for active recreation as well as a recently updated children’s playground. The Park also contains historical properties. The town is undertaking a master planning process for the park, including access to Wing Island. • Public baseball, soccer, and softball fields are available at Eddy and Stony Brook Elementary Schools, behind the Senior Center, in front of the Town Hall, and off Freeman’s way. • The 22-mile Cape Cod Rail Trail (CCRT) passes through Brewster for approximately six miles on its way from Dennis to Wellfleet. It is the only designated bike path in the town, and is heavily used by cyclists, roller skaters, roller bladers, skate boarders, cross country skiiers, walkers, and occasionally equestrians. • The Brewster Recreation Department employs 2 full- time staff members and 30-40 seasonal employees and offers a variety of recreation programs and activities for all ages. • Activities offered include senior fitness, tennis, basketball, softball, lacrosse, track & field, ultimate frisbee, family fishing, tee ball, pickleball, basketball, summer rec programs, yoga classes on the beach, archery, kayak rentals, sailing, mad science classes, dance instruction, flag football, and field hockey. • The Department also facilitates community events including the ice rink, Brewster in Bloom 5k run, summer kick-off party, movie night by the Bay, parents’ night out, hotshot basketball shootout, and senior games. • The Department owns two facilities in the town, the Community Tennis Courts at Underpass Road and 26 acres of athletic fields at Recreation Drive and operates the Finch Skate Park Orleans in partnership with the towns of Orleans and Eastham. • In addition to its own facilities, Recreation Department events and activities are held at numerous other beach and pond properties, public fields, and at several schools including Stony Brook Elementary School, Nauset Regional High School and Middle School, and Eddy Elementary School. RECREATION ON CONSERVATION LAND The Senior Center serves as a recreational resource for seniors, with social events and activities including computer classes, gardening sessions, and a recently installed Bocce court. SENIOR CENTER • Town of Brewster Open Space and Recreation Plan (August 2021 Draft Version) • Brewster Recreation Department (https://www.brewsterrecreation.com) • Massachusetts Paddler (https://www.massachusettspaddler.com) SOURCES There are several private non-profit camps and sporting clubs in Brewster that provide important recreational facilities for kids and adults including: • Camp Mitton - Crossroads • Camp Favorite - Girl Scouts • Cape Cod Museum of Natural History • Brewster Sportsman's Club • Dream Day Cape Cod • Brewster Community Garden – operated by the Brewster Conservation Trust • Sweetwater Forest Campground • Shady Knoll Campground • Emerald Hollow Farm • Cape Cod Sea Camps – Closed in November 2020. Town completed purchase of both Bay and Pond parcels in 2021. PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 47 Brewster Community Preservation Plan FY23-FY27 48 APPENDICES To be completed – including summaries of the focus groups and community forum. Can also include the CPA Application if desired. Let’s discuss. FY23-27 based on Existing Formula Existing formula 50%10%10% Open Space Housing Historical Recreation Budgeted Reserve*Admin Total End FY22 est.1,499,295$ 41,612$ 496,593$ 600,279$ 2,637,779$ Est FY 23-FY 27 Revenue 3,576,745$ 715,345$ 715,350$ 1,788,371$ 357,674$ 7,153,485$ Total 5,076,040$ 756,957$ 1,211,943$ 2,388,650$ 357,674$ 9,791,264$ Bond FY 23-27 (819,837)$ Net total available for projects 4,256,203$ 756,957$ 1,211,943$ -$ 2,388,650$ 357,674$ 8,971,427$ Estimated Projects FY23-27 2,000,000$ 1,427,500$ 1,951,208$ 1,430,000$ 6,808,708$ Funded from category reserve (2,000,000)$ (756,957)$ (1,211,943)$ 2,162,719$ Look to fund from Budgeted Reserve 670,543$ 739,265$ 1,430,000$ (2,839,808)$ Est. net total end of FY27 2,256,203$ -$ -$ -$ (451,158)$ * Reserved for Housing, Historic, Recreation Assumptions: Level annual revenue of $1,430,697 FY23-27 based on CPA Plan Open Space Housing Historical Recreation Budgeted reserveAdmin End FY22 est.2,637,779$ 1,499,295$ 41,612$ 496,593$ -$ 600,279$ Current Bylaw Allocation of revenue 50%10%10%0%25%5% Est FY 23 Revenue 1,430,697$ 715,349$ 143,070$ 143,070$ 357,674$ 71,535$ Bond expense FY23 (196,658)$ Bond FY24-FY27 (623,179)$ Adjusted Carryover/Revenue FY23 3,248,639$ 1,394,807$ 184,682$ 639,663$ -$ 957,953$ 71,535$ Revenue FY24-FY27 5,722,784$ Admin FY24-FY27 5%(286,139)$ Est. net FY24-27 Revenue 5,436,645$ CPA Plan Target %30%30%10%10%20% Target $ FY24-27 1,630,993$ 1,630,993$ 543,664$ 543,664$ 1,087,329$ Estimated total for new projects FY23-27 8,685,284$ 3,025,800$ 1,815,675$ 1,183,327$ 543,664$ 2,045,282$ Estimated Projects 2,000,000$ 1,427,500$ 1,951,208$ 1,430,000$ Funded from Category Reserve (2,000,000)$ (1,427,500)$ (1,183,327)$ (543,664)$ Look to fund from Budgeted Reserve -$ -$ 767,881$ 886,336$ (1,654,217)$ Est. net total end of FY27 1,025,800$ 388,175$ -$ -$ 391,065$ Note: I will be referencing this information in my comments to FinCom on 3/16. 30% including 5% Admin Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Brewster, MA 02631-1898 Phone: (508) 896-3701 Fax: (508) 896-8089 Office of: Select Board Town Administrator Memo To: Brewster Select Board From: Erika Mawn, Executive Assistant Date: March 18, 2022 RE: Summer 2022 Permit Program As we prepare for the upcoming summer season, we wanted to share several updates regarding our annual permit program (Recycling Center, Beach parking and Shellfish permits). The Town will begin issuing new 2022 Beach Parking, Recreational Shellfish, and Recycling Center permits as of April 11, 2022. Applications will be sent to residents in the first week of April, included with their Spring 2022 tax bills. They will also be available on the Town website starting April 11th. For the last two years, we have run an effective and efficient online and mail-in permit program. We plan to continue in the same format for the 2022 season. Similar to the last two summers, non-resident daily and seasonal beach parking permits will be available online only and will be electronic plate reader. Non-residents who wish to visit Brewster beaches will be able to log-on to the website to purchase a daily or seasonal permit. This process will be entirely self- serve and paperless, as enforcement will be conducted using license plate reader technology. This allows visitors the flexibility to purchase permits either in advance or on the day of their visit. Parking permit enforcement will be in effect from June 15 through September 4, 2022, from 9am-4pm daily. Vehicles parked without a valid 2022 resident permit or non-resident daily permit will be fined $40.00. This will be strictly enforced by the Brewster Police Department. Town Administration and the Natural Resources Department have determined that yearly non-resident shellfish permits will be sold this year for $125. Non-residents will be able to purchase these shellfish permits online. Due to the increase of resident shellfish permits in the last two years as well as challenges with the availability of shellfish stock, we are unable to offer the weekly non-resident shellfish permit option. In December 2020, the Town was awarded a Community Compact IT grant in the amount of $55,400. Since then, the Town has been working with Bonsai Logic to install state of the art license plate reader technology at the Recycling Center. We are pleased to announce that we are now utilizing this technology and, starting this year, all Recycling Center permits purchased will be electronic. Once the order is processed, the license plate will be entered into the database and will be valid for use. Residents can purchase their 2022-2023 Recycling Center permits, which are valid from July 1- June 30, 2023, via the mail-in program or online at www.brewster-ma.gov starting April 11, 2022. Included in Spring 2022 tax bills will be a Recycling Center flyer that announces this update. We will also be promoting this technology on the message boards at Town Hall, and the Recycling Center. Information will be shared in the Council on Aging newsletter as well as the Brewster Ladies Library newsletter. www.brewster-ma.gov MAILING INSTRUCTIONS FOR 2022: BREWSTER RESIDENT BEACH, SHELLFISH, & RECYCLING CENTER PERMITS PERMITS FOR THE 2022 SEASON ARE AVAILABLE THROUGH THE MAIL-IN PROGRAM OR ONLINE. Please note that starting this year, all Recycling Center permits will be electronic in place of physical Recycling Center permits. We have transitioned to plate reader technology at the Recycling Center; once your order is processed, your license plate will be entered into the database and is valid for use from July 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023. A confirmation email will be sent to confirm your order has been processed. All permits will be issued via the mail in program or online sales, there will not be in-person sales of permits at Town Hall. Please contact us at beachpermit@brewster-ma.gov with any questions. 2022 Brewster Permit Rates: Resident Beach Parking Permits Brewster Recycling Center Permits Shellfish License $25.00 each for 1st vehicle $50.00 first permit $25.00 per household $25.00 each for 2nd vehicle $15.00 each additional permit *Only one permit per household allowed* $40.00 each additional vehicle $5.00 age 70+ at Council on Aging Permit Rules & Regulations: Beach Permits are required from June 15- September 4, 2022 Current Recycling Center Permits expire on June 30, 2022 Shellfish Licenses are valid from January 1st through December 31, 2022. If you are over the age of 70, please visit the Council on Aging for your $5.00 lifetime permit. All Rules and Regulations for shellfish licenses can be obtained on our website: www.brewster-ma.gov Copy of a valid car registration is required for each vehicle, with the license plate number clearly legible. If the address on the registration is not a Brewster address, a copy of your current Brewster Real Estate tax bill with an annual minimum amount of $450.00 to be eligible must be provided. Dependent Children under the age of 19 (or up to age 24 with a college ID) who live with the listed property owner are eligible for permits with a valid registration and identification (driver’s license, picture ID or student ID) with the same year-round address as the listed property owner. Renters and life-tenants must provide a copy of a current 12-month lease or 12 months of utility bills in their name, in addition to a copy of a valid vehicle registration. For properties held in a Trust and/or LLC, a copy of the pages which show the property address and names of Trustees and/or LLC members must be provided. *Only named Trustees/LLC member are eligible for permits. Excludes Trustees of life-estates and “remainder” interests until property owners are deceased. If the vehicle is leased, along with the valid registration, a copy of the lease or monthly bill that connects your name with the registered vehicle you are seeking permit for must be submitted. For vehicles registered to a business, a business card with your name and the name of the business to which the vehicle is registered to or a letter on company letterhead authorizing your personal use that connects you to the business and the vehicle must be submitted. If purchasing your permits via mail, please include one check for all permits made payable to the Town of Brewster, along with a stamped, self-addressed envelope and the completed form on the back of this page. The checks for permits MUST be separate from Real Estate Tax payments. Beginning April 11, 2022 Resident/Taxpayers will have the option to purchase 2022 Beach, Shellfish and Recycling Center Permits online via credit card payments. Please refer to the Town’s website, www.brewster-ma.gov, for instructions and information on how to use the online system. Please note there is a convenience charge when using the online system. www.brewster-ma.gov RESIDENT/TAXPAYER BREWSTER RECYCLING CENTER, BEACH & SHELLFISH PERMIT ORDER FORM To purchase permits by mail, please send copies of the following: Automobile registration (s) Proof of Residence (only if your vehicle is not registered in Brewster) o If your vehicle is not registered in Brewster, include a copy of your current Brewster Real Estate tax bill in the amount of $450 or more. Self-addressed, stamped envelope (failure to provide will delay processing) o Not needed if ordering Recycling Center Permits ONLY Check payable to “Town of Brewster” PLEASE NOTE: Renters need to provide current 12-month lease or 12 months’ worth of utility bills If your vehicle is registered to a business, please include a business card If your vehicle is leased, please include a copy of your lease or a monthly bill For properties held in a Trust/LLC, documents showing named trustees/members & address NAME: TELEPHONE #: BREWSTER ADDRESS: MAILING ADDRESS (if different): EMAIL ADDRESS: VEHICLE INFORMATION: You must designate which permit(s) are to be placed on which vehicle (by registration) by completing the form below. TYPE OF PERMIT FOR EACH VEHICLE: 1st Recycling, Additional Recycling, Beach, Shellfish, etc. LICENSE PLATE # STATE AMOUNT DUE: EXAMPLE: 1st Recycling & 1st Beach 123ABC MA $75.00 PRICES: 1st Recycling $50.00 per vehicle Additional Recycling $15.00 per vehicle 1st Beach Permit $25.00 per vehicle 2nd Beach Permit $25.00 per vehicle Each Additional Beach $40.00 per vehicle Shellfish License $25.00 per household TOTAL AMOUNT DUE: $______________ *Instructions for placement of beach permits are located on the back of the permit. Mail to: Town of Brewster, Attention: Permit Office, 2198 Main Street, Brewster, MA 02631 New State of the Art Technology at Brewster Recycling Center The Town of Brewster has installed state of the art license plate recognition software at the Brewster Recycling Center. We are now utilizing this technology to verify permit holders in place of physical Recycling Center stickers. Effective April 11, 2022, all Recycling Center permits purchased will be electronic. 2022-2023 Recycling Center permits will only be available via the mail-in program or online at www.brewster-ma.gov. Once your order is processed, your license plate will be entered into the database and will be valid for use from July 1, 2022, through June 30, 2023. Current resident Recycling Center permits remain valid until June 30, 2022. Updated 4/30/2018 Cape Cod Bay Beaches Parking Spaces Paines Creek Breach 19 Mant’s Landing (Robbins Hill Beach) 35 Saints Landing Beach 38 Breakwater Landing 6 Breakwater Beach 57 Point of Rocks 14 Ellis Landing 16 Linnell Landing 26 Crosby Beach 58 Crosby Overflow Parking 80 349 Freshwater Ponds in Nickerson State Park (3 HP Limit) Cliff Pond Little Cliff Pond Flax Pond Higgins Pond Freshwater Ponds with Landings or Launches ( 3HP Limit) Long Pond Beach 37 Fisherman’s Landing (Sheep Pond) 16 Upper Mill Pond 30 Walker Pond 10 Slough Pond 4 Schoolhouse Pond 4 101 Ponds without Public Landings Seymour Pond Greenland Pond Smalls Pond Mill Pond Cahoon Pond Grassy Pond Mud Pond Cobbs Pond Myricks Pond Freeman’s Pond Smith Pond Canoe Pond Pine Pond Dark Bottom Pond Calf Field Pond Elbow Pond Archive d: Friday, March 18, 2022 11:15:38 AM From: Peter Lombardi To: All Staff Subje ct: Reopening Se ns itivity: Normal Good morni ng, As we ente r the ne xt phase of the pandemic, we are planni ng to reopen Town offices to the publ i c 4 days a wee k starti ng on Monday March 21. Goi ng forward, we wi l l be ope n Monday through Thursday. We plan to re main cl ose d to the public on Fridays through the end of this summe r as we e val uate whe ther we wi l l make this new schedule a permane nt change . Have a great weeke nd, Pete r Peter Lombardi Town Administrator Town of Brewster 508-896-3701 x. 1128 Beginning July 6th, Brewster Town Offices will be open to the public on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays from 8:30 to 4:00pm. Beach and Recycle Permits are not available in person but can be purchased online or through our mail-in program. For the latest updates on Town services, please visit www.brewster- ma.gov. Archive d: Friday, March 18, 2022 11:19:48 AM From: Erika Mawn Se nt: Wed, 16 Mar 2022 17:40:36 +0000Authentication To: Amy von Hone; Andrea Nevins- COA; Golf Commission; Brewster School Committee; Barb Burgo-BHA; Brian Harrison-ZBA; Chris Easley- NRSC; Chuck Hanson; Clare O-Connor Rice; Cynthia Baran WQRC; Cynthia Bingham; Dave Telman- School Comm; Denise Rego; Diana Lamb; Doug Erikson; Ed Swinarski-Energy; Elizabeth Taylor; Faythe Ellis; Frank Bridges; Gary Christen; George Boyd; Honey Pivirotto; Jill Douglass -Housing Partnership; Jim Trabulsie-HDC; Joan Pernice-BLL; Joseph Sullivan; Kim Conn -BHA; K im Crocker Pearson; Kyle Hinkle; Larry Greeley-CAT; Meg Morris (brewster.recycling@gmail.com); Michael Tobin- Conservation; Paul Wallace-Plan Board; Pete Dahl; Peter Herrmann; Roland Bassett; Sean Parker - Human Services; Sharon Tennstedt _COA; Susan Brown-Water Comm; Suzanne Bryan; Tim Hackert; Tom Rogers; townadmin Cc: Tammi Mason; Beth Devine; Ellen Murphy; Lynn St. Cyr; Jessica Gelatt; Colette Williams; Donna Kalinick; Peter Lombardi Subje ct: Upcoming Public Meeting Schedule / Format for Town Committees/Boards Se ns itivity: Normal Attachme nts : April 2022- Draft.pdf; Greetings , Our Select Board recently voted on the upcoming public meeting s chedule/format for all Town boards and committees . Starting April 1, committees /boards will have the option to meet in pers on (without any res trictions on the number of committee members and s upport s taff), meet virtually or in a hybrid format. We request that at your next meeting you dis cus s thes e options and that me know how your committee will be meeting for April and May. The Town Administrator’s office will continue to manage s cheduling of all meetings , which is not anticipated to change much. Pleas e note that regardles s of your meeting format, public participation will continue to be by remote means only. For this reas on, all in- pers on meetings will continue to be televis ed. C urrent s tate provis ions allow for the continuance of remote and hybrid meetings through July 15, 2022. It is unclear if the s tate will is s ue any further extens ion of the expanded Open Meeting Law provis ions firs t introduced in March 2020 beyond this summer. As you know, the Board of Health lifted the mas k requirement in Town building s late las t month. We expect that board and committee meetings will trans ition to a mos tly in-pers on format in June and that the public will then be permitted to attend in pers on as well. The s tart of this next phase may be delayed to July. In May, Town Adminis tration will update the Board on the lates t developments s o we can then plan for the timing and format of fully trans itioning to in-pers on meetings in June/July. At the same time, the exis ting Select Board remote participation policy will have to be reviewed and updated to align with our new practices . Going forward, public forums that don’t require convening a public body may be held in pers on or via remote means to maximize res ident attendance and participation. Attached is the draft s chedule for April meeting s , pleas e review and res pond with any change requests. Thank you, Erika Reminder: Dis cus s ion on meeting format for April & May at your next meeting and contact me with your decision. Erika Mawn Executi ve As s i s ta nt to the Town Admi ni s tra tor 2198 Ma i n Street Brews ter, MA 02631 (508) 896-3701 ext. 1100 www.brews ter-ma .gov Beginning March 21, Brewster Town Offices will be open to the public Monday through Thursday from 8:30 to 4:00pm, and by appointment on Fridays. For the latest updates on Town services, please visit www.brewster-ma.gov Town of Brewster Dog Park Regulations ABOUT THE BREWSTER DOG PARK This park is intended for dog owners and dogs to exercise and socialize off-leash in a safe, enclosed environment. Please abide by these rules and comply with park steward instructions for a safe and healthy visit. GENERAL Park hours: Dawn to dusk daily (except during DPW park maintenance) Small dog area: For dogs weighing less than 30 pounds Large dog area: For dogs weighing 30 pounds or more Dog handlers in enclosure: At least 15 years of age Youth between 6 & 14 years: Must be accompanied by an adult Mobility assistance devices: Permitted in park/enclosure Gates: Keep gates closed except when entering or exiting, and avoid congregating near gates FOR SAFETY, DOGS MUST: Be licensed; ID & current rabies tag must be displayed on collar or harness at all times in dog park Be leashed outside the gate & in parking area, then unleashed once in enclosure Be within handler’s view & under voice control at all times Be healthy & free of contagious diseases/parasites DOG OWNERS/HANDLERS MAY: Use dog toys unless it causes disruptive behavior Provide training treats in enclosure but not dog food OWNERS/HANDLERS MUST: Clean up after dogs immediately & dispose of dog waste properly Remain inside enclosure with their dog(s) Immediately remove a dog–without debate–at first sign of aggressive behavior toward other dogs/people, if excessively barking, or if mounting other dogs Keep possession of a leash for each dog NOT ALLOWED IN PARK/ENCLOSURE: Children under 6 years Dogs under 4 months Animals other than dogs Retractable leashes Prong, pinch, spiked, or choke collars Dogs in heat Smoking or using e-cigarettes Dog grooming Digging holes (please fill holes in) More than 3 dogs per handler Food, glass/breakable containers, alcohol & children’s toys Bicycles, scooters, strollers, skateboards & similar LEGAL NOTICES IN EVENT OF EMERGENCY: Call 911. IN EVENT OF INJURIES, BITES, INCIDENTS OR DISRUPTIVE CONDUCT BY DOGS OR PEOPLE: Call Brewster Police (508) 896-7011. PARK USE: This park is provided for recreational use only, in accordance with MGL Ch. 21, Sec. 17C. No other use is allowed. LIABILITY: The Town of Brewster, its staff, officers, officials, employees, and volunteers are not responsible for personal injury to people or animals using this park. Users do so at their own risk and are solely responsible for injuries and/or damage caused by their actions and their animals, or to their person or their animals by other users/animals. DANGEROUS DOGS: Dogs determined to be dangerous under MGL Ch. 140, Sec. 157 are not permitted in park. VIOLATIONS: Park rules violators are subject to eviction, fines, and/or exclusion from this park. The Town may ban individual dogs or people from the park at any time for any reason. COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES/SOLICITATION: Not allowed without Town Administrator’s prior permission. Per order Brewster Select Board DRAFT Mar. 9, 2022 Final Proposed Brewster Dog Park Regulations Sign (Mar. 9, 2022) Please Don’t Open This Gate Unless Other Gates are Closed IN EVENT OF EMERGENCY: Call 911 IN EVENT OF INJURIES, BITES, INCIDENTS OR DISRUPTIVE CONDUCT BY DOGS OR PEOPLE: Call Brewster Police (508) 896-7011 PARK USE: This park is provided for recreational use only, in accordance with MGL Chapter 21, Section 17C. No other use is allowed. LIABILITY: The Town of Brewster, its staff, officers, officials, employees, and volunteers are not responsible for personal injury to people or animals using this park. Users do so at their own risk and are solely responsible for injuries and/or damage caused by their actions and their animals, or to their person or their animals by other users/animals. DANGEROUS DOGS: Dogs determined to be dangerous under MGL Chapter 140, Section 157 not permitted in park. VIOLATIONS: Park rules violators are subject to eviction, fines, and/or exclusion from this park. Town may ban individual dogs or people from park. COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES/SOLICITATION: Requires Town Administrator’s prior permission. Per Order of Brewster Select Board GENERAL Park hours: Dawn to dusk daily (except during DPW park maintenance) Small Dog Area: For dogs weighing less than 30 pounds Large Dog Area: For dogs weighing 30 pounds or more Dog handlers in enclosure: Must be at least 15 years of age Youth from 6 to 14 years: Must be accompanied by an adult in Large & Small Dog Areas Mobility assistance devices: Permitted in all park areas Park stewards: Assist with safe park operations – please follow their instructions FOR SAFETY, DOGS MUST: Be licensed; ID & current rabies tag must be displayed on collar or harness at all times in dog park Be leashed in parking area, then unleashed in lobby before entering Large or Small Dog Areas Be within handler’s view & under voice control at all times Be healthy & free of contagious diseases/parasites OWNERS/HANDLERS MAY: Use dog toys unless it causes disruptive behavior Provide training treats in Large/Small Dog Areas but not dog food OWNERS/HANDLERS MUST: Clean up after dogs immediately & dispose of dog waste properly Remain inside enclosure with their dog(s) Keep possession of a leash for each dog Keep gates closed except when entering or exiting, and avoid congregating near gates Immediately remove a dog – without debate – at first sign of aggressive behavior toward other dogs/people, if excessively barking, or if mounting other dogs BREWSTER DOG PARK REGULATIONS Children under 6 years Dogs under 4 months Animals other than dogs Retractable leashes Prong, pinch, spiked, or choke collars Dogs in heat NOT ALLOWED IN PARK ENCLOSURES Smoking or using e-cigarettes Dog grooming Digging holes (please fill holes in) More than 3 dogs per handler Food, glass/breakable containers, alcohol & children’s toys Bicycles, scooters, strollers, skateboards & similar Archive d: Wednesday, March 16, 2022 8:45:24 AM From: Mary Chaffee Se nt: Tue, 15 Mar 2022 00:39:44 +0000Authentication To: Peter Lombardi Cc: Cynthia Bingham Subje ct: Dog Park Regulations on Children Se ns itivity: Normal Pete r, I’ve re viewe d the data I col l ected i n February 2022 on Massachuse tts municipal re gulations regardi ng chi l dren in muni ci pal dog parks. I located se veral more thi s eve ni ng that I’ve added. The overall picture remai ns the same . Four parks i n thi s group don’t prohibit children of a ce rtain age but re qui re supe rvi si on . The othe rs prohibit childre n from under age 8 to unde r age 12, with Dartmouth prohi bi ting those under age 16 and Marbl e he ad prohibiti ng all unde r age 18. Thi rte e n of the se parks prohi bi t chi l dren under eithe r age 8 or 10. Only Chelmsford pe rmits children age 6 as we propose . Best, Mary ____________ Mary Chaffee Bre wste r Select Board Town of Brewster 2198 Main Street Bre wste r, MA 02631 M assachusetts Dog Par k Regulations on Childr en in M unicipa l Dog Parks (M ar . 14, 2022) Municipality Age (Years) of Children Not Permitted inside Dog Park Enclosed Area Children’s Ages That R equire Supervision or Being Accompanied by an Adult inside Dog Park Enclosed Area Dog Handler Minimum Age inside D og Park Enclosed Area Auburn Under 10 10-17 18 Barnstable Under 10 Under 16 16 Beverly Under 10 10-17 Brewster (proposed) Under 6 6 -14 15 Chelmsford Under 6 6-11 12 Dartmouth Under 16 16 Dedham Under 8 8-16 16 Falmouth n/a Under 16 16 Fitchburg Under 8 Under 16 16 Franklin**n/a Under 16 Georgetown Under 10 16 Gloucester Under 8 8-13 Granby n/a Under 13 Kingston*“Please consider keeping children under age 12 from entering the park.” Under 16 Lynn Under 10 10-17 Marblehead Under 18 18 or older or has strength to control dog Mashpee Under 12 12-16 16 and older Medway Under 12 Orange (North Quabbin) Under 8 Pittsfield Under 10 10- 13 Provincetown n/a Under 16 Scituate “Consider keeping children under 12 out” Under 12 Sharon Under 10 10-16 Swampscott Under 10 10-17 Westfield Under 8 8-16 *Kingston requires park users to sign a liabili ty waiver and release of liability; park operates on an “approved user” (e.g., membership model). **Franklin’s rules state “This is a playground for dogs not children.” Massachusetts Interlocal Insurance Association, An Interlocal Service of the Massachusetts Municipal Association 3 Center Plaza, Suite 610, Boston, MA 02110 • 617-426-7272 • 800-882-1498 • www.emiia.org Municipal Defense Summary: Guidelines for Defenses and Limitations Available to Massachusetts Municipal Insureds In Massachusetts, there are three statutes that define and control the scope of litigation that may be filed against municipal entities. Massachusetts General Laws (MGL) Chapter 258, MGL Chapter 84 and MGL Chapter 21 section 17c create the framework under which most municipal litigation is handled. These statutes address the majority of claims filed against municipalities but do not cover claims for intentional tort or civil rights violations. Those losses occur significantly less frequently, but do fall outside the limitations of these statutes. Each of the statutes cited has unique aspects which benefit municipal defendants. The key points of the statutes are as follows: MGL Chapter 258: Chapter 258 controls the lion’s share of litigation filed against municipal defendants. This statute proscribes how, when and for how much a municipal defendant may be sued in claims of general negligence. Most general liability claims and all auto liability claims fall under MGL Chapter 258. Among the major elements of Chapter 258: A strict requirement that any potential claimant must provide specific written notice of a claim (referred to as “presentment”) to specifically identified municipal representatives within two years of the date of the incident. Failure to provide such written notice makes the claim susceptible to dismissal. The two-year presentment period is not tolled when the claimant is a minor. Even if the claimant is a minor, presentment must be made within two years of the loss or the claim is subject to dismissal. This requirement is independent of the three years statute of limitations, which applies to negligence claims in Massachusetts. Exemption of municipal employees from litigation: Under MGL Ch. 258, individual municipal employees may not be named as defendants in litigation filed arising out of negligent torts. Only the municipality may be named as a defendant. Cap on damages: Chapter 258 specifies that a maximum of $100,000 might be awarded against a municipality for any negligence claim. Death and significant permanent injury are included within this cap. The maximum amount payable for auto/general liability claims under Chapter 258 is $100,000 per claim. Specific Defenses: Section 10 of Chapter 258 creates several critical defenses, which apply only to municipalities. Among them: (b) Discretionary function – If a town makes a planning level decision, which leads to a claim for negligence, the town is immune from liability even if that decision turns out to be in error. (f) Inspectional services – Towns are immune from any claim resulting from inspection or failure to inspect any property, real or personal. (g)Fire services – Towns are immune from any claim alleging damage or injury caused by the suppression or failure to suppress any fire. Massachusetts Interlocal Insurance Association, An Interlocal Service of the Massachusetts Municipal Association 3 Center Plaza, Suite 610, Boston, MA 02110 • 617-426-7272 • 800-882-1498 • www.emiia.org (h)Police services – Towns are immune from any liability for failure to provide police services unless a specific assurance of individual protection is provided. (j) Proximate causation – As verified by the Supreme Judicial Court decision in Brum v North Dartmouth, towns are immune from liability if the town or its agents was not the original cause of the harm complained of. In short, if another entity outside the control of the town can be found liable, the town is immune from liability. A complete copy of MGL Chapter 258 is available at http://www.state.ma.us/legis/laws/mgl/mgllink.htm MGL Chapter 84: MGL Chapter 84 excises from Chapter 258 all claims for injury or damage, which occur on public ways. Public ways include sidewalks and streets. The types of claims which fall under Chapter 84 include slip/trip and fall claims on sidewalks or streets as well as claims for vehicle damage due to defects in streets/roads. Damage caused to autos or persons traveling by falling tree limbs, etc. also fall under Chapter 84. Chapter 84 has a cap of $5,000 per claim. Regardless of the amount of injury or damage, a person bringing a claim under MGL Chapter 84 cannot collect more than $5,000. The only exception to this cap occurs in the case of a fatality. If a person dies as a result of an alleged defect in a street or way, that person’s claim is transferred to Chapter 258 for handling. Other important defenses or limitations available under Chapter 84 include: Thirty-Day Notice – Any claimant must provide specific written notice of an incident to the specific town contact person within thirty days of the occurrence or the claim is susceptible to dismissal. Any defect (delivery to wrong town official, etc.) in the proscribed notice also leaves the claim open to dismissal. Sole Cause Defense – the statute requires that the defect in the street or way must be the sole cause of the loss, or the town is immune from liability. Claims involving construction by third parties or contributory fault of claimants are subject to dismissal under the sole cause defense. Maximum Weight – The statute places a weight maximum on trucks, which may file claims for damages under MGL Chapter 84. The town is immune from any claim presented involving a vehicle, which weighs more than six tons. A complete copy of MGL Chapter 84 is available at http://www.state.ma.us/legis/laws/mgl/mgllink.htm Chapter 21 Section 17C – Recreational Use Defense. This statute does not apply solely to municipalities, but because of the nature of municipalities, they are most likely to benefit from it. Chapter 21 Section 17C is most commonly known as the recreational use statute. This statute conveys immunity onto any landowner who makes his land available to the general public for recreation without charging a fee. Claims for injuries at playgrounds, gymnasiums and other public venues are most frequently defeated by use of this statute. Case law has broadened the application of this statute to sporting arenas, streets and ways approaching sporting arenas and class of participant (e.g., if the municipality is charging admission but does not charge senior citizens, although an admission fee was charged, if the senior citizen was not charged, he/she may not bring a claim.) As with the other statutes, a complete copy of MGL Chapter 21 section 17C is available at http://www.state.ma.us/legis/laws/mgl/mgllink.htm Brewster Select Board Meeting of March 21, 2022 For Your Information (FYI) Items Agenda Item #20: FYIs 1.CVEC Reports a.Future Generation Wind- Jan 2022 b.Net Metering Credit & Billing: January 6 – February 7, 2022 c.Eversource Statement January 6 – February 7, 2022 d.Nexamp: October 21 – November 22, 2021 2.Cape Light Compact 2020 Annual Report 3.Take Care Cape Cod Event 4.Zoning Board of Appeals Notifications a.Abutter notification- Case #22-05 b.Decision on Case #22-03 1 Cape Light Compact Aquinnah • Barnstable • Bourne • Brewster • Chatham • Chilmark Dennis • Dukes County • Eastham • Edgartown • Falmouth • Harwich Mashpee • Oak Bluffs • Orleans • Provincetown • Sandwich • Tisbury Truro • Wellfleet • West Tisbury • Yarmouth LEADING THE WAY FORWARD 2020 Annual Report 2 Cape Light Compact This year was unlike any other, as our communities faced many challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite these challenges, Cape Light Compact (the Compact) has remained committed to providing Cape Cod and Martha’s Vineyard with quality energy efficiency programs while ensuring the health and safety of our community, employees, and vendors. In March, the Compact staff transitioned to working remotely and offered virtual and contactless options for various services including Home Energy Assessments and appliance recycling pickups. All Compact staff and vendors received appropriate health and safety training and were required to wear appropriate personal protective equipment. Despite COVID-19, the success of the Compact’s programs continue to be noticed nationwide. This year alone, the Compact received the 2020 ENERGY STAR Partner of the Year Award for Residential Products. Over the course of the year, residential customers participated in our energy efficiency programs 24,774 times, saving them over 33 million kWh. We also helped 1,111 businesses lower their energy usage and saved them nearly 26 million kWh on their annual electric bills. In addition to these developments in our energy efficiency offerings, we also continue to advance our renewable power supply program through CLC Local Green, which allows customers the option to have an additional 50% or 100% of their annual electricity usage matched with MA Class 1 Renewable Energy Certificates. This means that customers can opt-in to invest in our local renewable infrastructure through their electric bill, for a small premium. Our standard supply product remains 100% renewable, all while keeping our rates competitive with the utility’s basic service rate. WELCOME TO OUR 2020 ANNUAL REPORT 3 Cape Light Compact This year, the Compact’s ConnectedSolutions demand response programs offered customers incentives to reduce electricity usage during periods of high demand in the winter and summer months. The incentive varies depending on seasonal participation and technology type. In addition to this, the Compact has ramped up fuel switching incentives for customers wishing to replace existing inefficient heating and hot water systems. The Compact continues to plan for the Cape and Vineyard Electrification Offering (CVEO), which will provide an opportunity for 250 income- eligible households to combine cold-climate heat pumps, solar photovoltaic systems, and battery storage. The new plan strives to ensure that Cape and Vineyard residents and businesses are lowering their energy usage, reducing their carbon footprint, and keeping more money in their pockets. The 2020 results provided a good foundation for the Compact’s activities as planned for in 2021. As we continue to execute this Three-Year Plan, we will also begin planning for the 2022-2024 plan, to ensure goals are consistently defined and met for our energy efficiency programs. In the following pages, we outline some additional highlights from 2020 and provide a broad overview of the 2021 plan for Cape Light Compact. We look forward to continuing to work with all our customers through our energy efficiency and power supply programs, and we count ourselves lucky to be the Cape and Vineyard’s trusted, local energy resource. Ron Zweig Chair, Cape Light Compact Governing Board 4 Cape Light Compact 2020 By the Numbers Achievements in Energy Efficiency Responding to COVID Customer & Community Highlights Power Supply Information on Competitive Suppliers Looking Ahead Financial Statements Frequently Asked Questions Cape Light Compact Staff 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 17 2020 BOARD MEMBERS Cape Light Compact JPE 261 Whites Path, Unit 4 South Yarmouth, MA 02664 800.797.6699 800.381.9192 www.capelightcompact.org Energy Efficiency Power Supply CONTENT Aquinnah Forrest Filler Barnstable David Anthony Barnstable Peter Doyle Alternate Bourne Robert Schofield Bourne Griffin Girard Alternate Brewster Colin Odell Brewster Mark Forest Alternate Chatham Peter Cocolis Chatham Jillian Goldsmith Alternate Chilmark Timothy Carroll Chilmark Robert Hannemann Dennis Brad Crowell Dukes County Erik Peckar Eastham Fred Fenlon Edgartown Alan Strahler Falmouth Ron Zweig Falmouth Julian Suso Alternate Harwich Valerie Bell Mashpee Wayne Taylor Oak Bluffs Richard Toole Orleans Martin Culik Orleans Chris Galazzi Alternate Provincetown Nate Mayo Sandwich Leanne Drake Tisbury Kirk Metell Tisbury Jay Grande Alternate Truro Jarrod Cabral Truro Bob Higgins-Steele Wellfleet Richard Elkin Wellfleet David Mead-Fox Alternate West Tisbury Sue Hruby West Tisbury Jen Rand Alternate Yarmouth Joyce Flynn Yarmouth Daniel Knapik Alternate 5 Cape Light Compact 24,774 58,563 Number of residential customers who participated in our energy efficiency programs, providing annual savings of 33,014 MWh Total number of annual MWh saved by residential, Income Eligible, and C&I 9,026 4,670,024 Number of equivalent cars removed from the road for one year Gallons of gasoline not consumed for energy 50,848 1,111 Number of commercial and industrial (C&I) customers who participated in our energy efficiency programs, providing annual savings of 25,548 MWh 2020 BY THE NUMBERS $1,324,438,719 359,433 MWh Total lifetime savings realized by residential, commercial, and industrial customers due to energy efficiency measures Lifetime MWh savings from energy efficiency measures Acres of U.S. forest carbon sequestration in one year Lifetime benefits from 2020 Energy Efficiency Programs Total cost reinvested by Cape Light Compact for energy efficiency measures $39,332,172 The impact of 2020 energy efficiency programs is equal to: 6 Cape Light Compact Green Communities Update Since 2017, the Cape Light Compact has assisted Cape Cod and Martha’s Vineyard towns in securing resources made available through the Massachusetts Green Communities Designation and Grant Program. This program, operated by the Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources (DOER), connects qualifying municipalities with educational, financial, and technical support to pursue energy efficiency and clean energy projects. Cape Light Compact has received grant funding from DOER to offer technical assistance to municipalities on the Cape and Islands seeking Green Community designation. In 2020, the Towns of Aquinnah, Brewster, Chatham, Chilmark, Dennis, and Nantucket were designated as Green Communities and received grant awards. The Department of Energy Resources awarded the following amounts: ACHIEVEMENTS IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY Benefits of Being a Green Community Cut municipal energy costs and strengthen local economies Access grants for clean, affordable, and resilient energy projects; enjoy economic development benefits Reduce greenhouse gas emissions Promote energy-efficient building construction that drives the market for better built and lower cost homes Foster renewable energy and clean energy technologies Become a clean energy leader and a better place to live, work, and play Aquinnah $126,530 Brewster $150,270 Chatham $134,620 To earn the Green Communities designation, a municipality must meet five criteria; together these criteria demonstrate a commitment to advancing renewable energy development, reducing energy use, expanding the use of fuel-efficient vehicles, and minimizing the life-cycle cost of new homes and buildings. Once a municipality earns the designation, it receives access to funding and technical guidance designed to accelerate the implementation of energy efficiency and clean energy projects. There are currently fifteen Cape and Islands towns that are Green Communities: Aquinnah, Brewster, Chatham, Chilmark, Dennis, Harwich, Mashpee, Nantucket, Orleans, Provincetown, Tisbury, Truro, Wellfleet, West Tisbury, and Yarmouth. The Compact recognizes the importance of this program in advancing energy efficiency and clean energy projects, in turn helping towns create more economically and environmentally sustainable communities. In the coming years, the Compact looks forward to continuing this work with local towns and DOER. Chilmark $126,430 Dennis $160,170 Nantucket $139,340 7 Cape Light Compact Cape and Vineyard Electrification Offering ACHIEVEMENTS IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY As part of the current Three-Year Energy Efficiency plan, Cape Light Compact continues to develop a strategic electrification program known as the Cape and Vineyard Electrification Offering (CVEO) that would allow 250 income-eligible customers to pair solar photovoltaic (solar PV) systems and battery storage with cold climate heat pumps. The program was designed to reduce the region’s reliance on oil and propane while also increasing renewable energy generation. In 2020, in accordance with the Department of Public Utilities’ (DPU) Order regarding CVEO, the Compact conducted further stakeholder engagement and revised its CVEO proposal which currently awaits approval. 8 Cape Light Compact The Compact recognizes the significant impacts that the COVID-19 pandemic has had and will continue to have on Cape Cod and Martha’s Vineyard residents and businesses. We know that energy efficiency solutions can play a role in reducing financial strains. As a result, we temporarily increased several of our small business incentives. For example, small businesses that signed up for a no-cost energy assessment, were eligible for up to 100% off qualifying upgrades, including select lighting, refrigeration and more. In addition, the Compact temporarily increased the value of instant discounts on commercial lighting and kitchen equipment. Residential customers were also eligible for 100% weatherization incentives and our fridge recycling rebate temporarily increased from $75 to $125. ACHIEVEMENTS IN ENERGY EFFICIENCYRESPONDING TO COVID To ensure the safety of Compact staff, vendors, and customers, health and safety guidelines have been implemented. Compact offices in 2020 were open to the public by advance appointment only on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 9:00 am to 3:00 pm. On-premises services were paused for a few months this year and resumed in June for specified contractors who have completed safety training to commence on-site work that can be delivered from the exterior and unoccupied spaces in the home. Contractors are required to wear all personal protective equipment (PPE) for the specific job to be performed and use it as directed at all times while on the work site. Increased Incentives Health and Safety Guidelines 9 Cape Light Compact Cape Air Case Study Cape Air has provided year-round service to destinations including Hyannis, Nantucket, New Bedford, Martha’s Vineyard, Providence RI, South Florida, the Caribbean, and Micronesia since 1989. Serving 500,000 passengers annually, Cape Air is one of the largest regional airlines in the U.S and operates a fleet of 76 Cessna 402s, 16 Tecnam P2012 Travellers and 4 Britten-Norman Islanders. ACHIEVEMENTS IN ENERGY EFFICIENCYCUSTOMER AND COMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS Cape Air’s sustainability programs, in conjunction with Provincetown Airport Manager, Butch Lisenby, contacted Cape Light Compact to do an energy assessment to determine if the efficiency of the lighting at the airport could be improved by retrofitting existing lighting with Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamps and fixtures. The assessment report concluded that 37,750 kWh could be saved annually, a 30% reduction in electric consumption. The project is expected to save the airport 29.6 metric tons of greenhouse gases and $7,000 in electric costs annually. 10 Cape Light Compact POWER SUPPLY Dec. 2019 - March 2020 March 2020 - June 2020 June* 2020 - Sept. 2020 Sept. 2020 - Dec. 2020 12.941 cents/kWh 12.941 cents/kWh 9.980 cents/kWh 9.980 cents/kWh 12.629 cents/kWh 12.629 cents/kWh 9.913 cents/kWh 9.913 cents/kWh 12.797 cents/kWh 8.885 cents/kWh 8.114 cents/kWh 10.106 cents/kWh Residential Commercial Industrial 2020 Power Supply Rates * Residential rates changed on July meter reads in 2020 11 Cape Light Compact INFORMATION ON COMPETITIVE SUPPLIERS commit to a price or contract over the phone. Verbal offers are hard to enforce if the need arises later on and may not provide you with all of the important terms and conditions of the contract you are about to enter into. NEVER NEVER provide your Eversource electric account number before you have decided to sign a contract, as the supplier can switch your account to their supply if they have your account number. ask for written information on what is being offered to you, so that you may review it without any pressure. ALWAYS Shopping for an electricity supply contract can be challenging for the average customer to understand. The Compact continues its efforts to educate customers about the key things to remember when considering a switch between electricity suppliers (the “Supply” or “Generation” portion of an electric bill). When electricity prices spike during the winter (due to natural gas pipeline constraints in the colder months when it is used for both heating homes and electricity production), customers often look for ways to reduce electricity costs. During this period, competitive electric suppliers market more aggressively through direct mail, phone solicitations and door-to-door. Unfortunately, some competitive suppliers take advantage of customers, misleading them about the true cost of the supply contract, the contract length, or the services they are providing. To protect yourself from this kind of activity, here are three things you should do: 12 Cape Light Compact In the past year, the Compact has been able to make significant strides in meeting the goals of the Three-Year plan. In 2021 we hope to build on the success through refining our existing programs and through new offerings. Next year, we hope to launch our commercial and residential demand response programs which offer customers incentives for either reducing energy use through thermostat setbacks or through battery storage systems offsetting grid load during peak demand events. This program will help reduce our reliance on nonrenewable energy sources and help reduce the cost of grid infrastructure. LOOKING AHEAD In 2021, the Compact will be rolling out incentives for ground source heat pumps and air to water heat pumps, which will help customers reduce energy usage through efficient heat pump technology. Additionally, fuel optimization rebates will be offered for customers planning to offset their delivered fuel usage. Customers will be eligible to receive $2,000 per ton when converting from oil or propane heating systems to geothermal heat pumps and $1,250 per ton for air to water heat pumps. The Main Streets efforts continue to grow on Cape Cod and Martha’s Vineyard! In 2021, twenty-one towns will be visited by the Compact and its vendor(s) to conduct brief energy assessments and install instant savings measures such as screw-in LED lamps, programmable thermostats, faucet aerators, and more. There will also be enhanced incentives available for additional measures that are recommended during these assessments. The Compact will be offering 100% incentives for LED screw-in lamps, faucet aerators, spray valves, smart strips, showerheads, and programmable thermostats and up to 100% (through December 2021) for additional recommendations which may include lighting, refrigeration, and custom measures that best meet the needs of the small business. Building on Success for the Future Increased Main Streets Programs Demand Response Programs Expanding Incentives Efficient, clean energy for satisfied customers 13 Cape Light Compact Power SupplyReserveASSETS Current Assets: Cash and Cash Equivalents Receivables, Net of Allowance for Total Current Assets EnergyEfficiency OPEB/ PensionReserve Fund Operating Green / SolarProgram $12,029,731 $1,445,306 $4,195,867 Capital Assets Not Being Depreciated Total Assets 154,186 LIABILITIES Current Liabilities: Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses Accrued Payroll Total Current Liabilities Noncurrent Liabilities: Uncollectible Amounts: Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency Reconciliation Factor Mil-Adder Other 470,165 3,258,036 - 480,419 Total Prepaid Expenses ----470,165 3,258,036 80,405 ----80,405 806 ---480,419 - 16,287,968 1,525,711 22,521,080 ---- - - 364,947 4,195,867 67,367 444,167 364,947 154,186 16,442,154 1,525,711 4,195,867 67,367 444,167 22,675,266 Related to Pensions 990,421 1,021,05330,632 6,803,772 49,710 --55,445 -6,859,217 60,778 --513 -6,839 7,352 --11,068 - Compensated Absences, Current 6,860,321 -67,026 6,927,347-- --806- -- Compensated Absences, Net of Current Total Noncurrent Liabilities 61,550 66,171 --173,432 -2,588,745 2,762,177 --4,621 - Total OPEB Liability --107,638 -3,480,217 3,587,855Net Pension Liability 6,130,512 -285,691 6,416,203-- Total Liabilities 12,990,833 --352,717 -13,343,550 DEFERRED INFLOWS Related to Pensions 459,012 473,20914,197 NET POSITION Net Investment in Capital Assets Unrestricted 154,186 4,314,323 ----154,186 10,243,6971,525,711 4,195,867 (236,371)444,167 $4,468,509 $1,525,711 $4,195,867 $(236,371)$444,167 $10,397,883 $17,816,685$67,367 $78,414 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Green Program Forward Capacity Market 49,617 -49,617 --- Related to OPEB 628,857 670,98742,130--- Total Deferred Outlows 1,619,278 1,692,04072,762--- Related to OPEB 143,078 152,6649,586 602,090 625,87323,783Total Deferred Inflows Combining Statement of Net Position By Program Year Ending December 31, 2020 --- --- --- Noncurrent Assets DEFERRED OUTFLOWS TOTAL NET POSITION 14 Cape Light Compact Eliminations Combining Statement of Revenues, Expenses and Change in Net Position by Program Year Ending December 31, 2020 Power SupplyReserveEnergyEfficiency OPEB/ PensionReserve Fund Operating Green / SolarProgram $4,906,531 $ -$ - 7,452,987 - - 38,077,835 Total 4,961 12,500 998,952 --39,088,940 - ---4,961 118,066 12,153 -350,279 7,452,987 551,906 ---551,906 40,212,451 870,135 - 67,336 (135)--(51)(186) 110,40514,078 7,565 21,426 - 3,731,350 1,012,895 (848,709)3,906,5377,565 3,436 ---12,500 -232,213 -- (449,043)-(28,690)-(428,237)- -456,927 449,043 - (449,043)456,927 420,353 -(428,237)- 3,303,113 563,852 (428,356)3,906,537464,492 3,436 Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency Reconciliation Factor Mil-Adder Green Program NONOPERATING REVENUES (Expenses) OPERATING EXPENSES Intergovernmental (SMART) Other Salaries and Benefits (Excluding Pension and OPEB) Pension and OPEB Energy Efficiency Programs: Residential Programs Low Income Programs Commercial and Industrial Programs Legal and Related Consulting Services Other Programs Other Professional Services Operating Income (Loss) Forward Capacity Market Renewable Energy Certificates Investment Income Income (Loss) Before Transfers TRANSFERS Transfers In Transfers Out Total Transfers CHANGE IN NET POSITION $4,906,531$ -$ - 2,079,177 -2,218,791 -- 8,666 (2,134,616)(2,002,312)(870,135)998,952 -3,487 5,798,630 5,798,630---- 139,614 -- OPERATING REVENUES 33,171,304 --33,171,304-- -986,452 -986,452-- ---7,192-7,192 Total Operating Revenues Marketing Other Operating Depreciation Total Operating Expenses 26,301,184 -26,301,184-- 2,103,303 -2,103,303-- --- 343,939 384,011 544,046 65,499 154,186 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12,312 76,884 295,256 228,003 - - - 8,666 - - 77,811 420,823 772,049 154,186 687,933 41,091,252 Total Nonoperating Revenues (Expenses), Net 5,865,966 5,908,84913,943 7,565 21,426 (51) - - - - - - - 905,970 - - $ - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (905,970) 1,165,396 6,491,346961,859 3,731,375 191,985 440,731Net Position - Beginning of Year (as Restated)- $4,468,509 $10,397,883$1,525,711 $4,195,867 $(236,371)$444,167NET POSITION (DEFICIT) - END OF YEAR $ - 15 Cape Light Compact Who is the Cape Light Compact? The Compact is an award-winning energy services organization formed in 1997, as authorized by votes of each town’s town meeting or town council. It is operated under a joint powers agreement as authorized by each town’s select board or town council, and the Dukes County Commissioners. The Compact consists of 21 towns and Dukes County and serves 205,000 customers on Cape Cod and Martha’s Vineyard. As the first municipal aggregation program of its kind, the Compact has served as a model for hundreds of similar organizations across the country. What services does the Cape Light Compact provide? The Compact operates an energy efficiency program, provides effective consumer advocacy, supports renewable energy efforts, and contracts for competitive power supply for the region. Monthly bills for services are issued by Eversource which owns the region’s distribution system and conducts metering and billing. Charges for the Compact’s power supplier are identified and included on those bills. How does a customer receive services from the Compact? All new electric consumers are automatically enrolled in the Cape Light Compact’s power supply program. Consumers are free to “opt-out” of this automatic enrollment and contract for their own power supply or receive basic service supply from the utility. Those who wish to return to the Compact’s supply may do so but depending on market conditions, may be placed on a different rate from that being charged to other Compact customers. All electric consumers are eligible for energy efficiency services regardless of whether they receive their power supply through the Compact. What does the Compact do to advocate for consumers? The Compact participates at the state level in matters critical to our region’s consumers. Decisions made by legislators or state regulators can have far-reaching impacts on what consumers pay for electricity. With the support of technical and legal consultants the Compact has successfully won the return of more than $25 million to the region’s consumers and avoided millions more in costs. More recently, the Compact has helped prevent more than $10 million in charges from being added to residential consumer delivery charges on monthly bills through participation in Eversource’s latest rate case. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 16 Cape Light Compact How is the Compact governed? The Compact’s Governing Board is made up of at least one representative appointed by each of the member municipalities and county. The Compact Governing Board, representing the towns and county, is responsible for establishment of policies and oversight of Compact budgets. The Compact programs are also subject to oversight by and input from various regulatory bodies such as the Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities and the Department of Energy Resources. All Compact Governing Board meetings are open to the public. How is the Compact funded? The Compact’s Energy Efficiency program is funded primarily through a state-mandated energy efficiency charge paid by all electric customers, as well as by additional state-approved distribution charges. The power supply and consumer advocacy programs are funded by an operational charge of up to one-tenth of one cent per kilowatt hour ($0.001) for Compact power supply customers. This adder is part of the power supply price paid on customer monthly bills. The use of the adder was included in the Compact’s original Aggregation Plan approved in August 2000 and was upheld in DPU 14-69. Who oversees the Cape Light Compact’s budget? The Compact’s operating and energy efficiency budgets are reviewed and approved by the Compact’s Governing Board. The Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities also reviews and approves energy efficiency budgets. Although it is not required, the Compact also files each of its power supply contracts with the Department of Public Utilities and Attorney General’s Office. How are public records made available? The Compact has focused on making all public documents available in accordance with Massachusetts Public Records Law. Documents regarding meetings, budgets, policy, and other matters are posted on the Compact website. Updates are regularly provided to the towns and the media. Copies of documents may also be requested through a formal state-approved document request process. The Compact complies with state law regarding fees associated with the compilation and preparation of requested information. How do I get a copy of the Cape Light Compact’s Power Supply Contract so I can see the terms of service? The contracts are posted online at www.capelightcompact.org/power-supply. Scroll down the page and click on the residential or commercial contract you wish to view. Where can I find the most current power supply prices? The Compact’s most recent power supply prices can be found on the Compact website at www.capelightcompact.org/power-supply. 17 Cape Light Compact CAPE LIGHT COMPACT STAFF Maggie Downey Compact Administrator Margaret Song Commercial & Industrial Program Manager Briana Kane Residential Program Manager Gail Azulay Senior Analyst Megan Terrio Comptroller Phil Moffitt Planning & Evaluation Manager Austin Brandt Senior Power Supply Planner Meredith Miller Senior Analyst 18 Cape Light Compact Lindsay Henderson Senior Analyst David Botelho Data Analyst Angela O’Brien Customer Service Coordinator Matthew Dudley Senior Analyst Anneliese Conklin Customer Service Coordinator Melissa Allard Senior Administrative Coordinator Daniel Schell Marketing & Communications Coordinator CAPE LIGHT COMPACT STAFF 19 Cape Light Compact Cape Light Compact JPE 261 Whites Path, Unit 4 South Yarmouth, MA 02664 800.797.6699 Energy Efficiency 800.381.9192 Power Supply www.capelightcompact.org