Loading...
HomeMy Public PortalAbout100_096_Crom Tank BrochurePrestressed Composite Tanks THE CROM CORPORATION Page 1Introduction The Crom Corporation has been building prestressed COMPOSITE tanks since 1952. Our chief purpose is to provide a turnkey design and construction service stressing good workmanship, structural integrity, pleasing appearance, greatest economy and watertightness. CROM COMPOSITE tanks are known for superb longevity and low maintenance costs. This publication describes our company and its operations. The tanks featured to the right have been in service for several decades.1 2 1 2 1 2 3 4 COVER PHOTOS: The Crom Corporation • 250 SW 36th Terrace • Gainesville, FL 32607 • Telephone (352) 372-3436 • FAX (352) 372-6209 • www.cromcorp.com 1 2 3 4 City of Selma, Alabama Three Digester Tanks 50’ x 33’. Consulting Engineers: Rader & Associates Built in 1967 City of Ocala, Florida Three Digester Tanks 45’ x 24’3”. Two Trickling Filters 120’ x 7’11” One Final Sedimentation Tank 40’ x 8’8”. Consulting Engineers: Russell & Axon Built in 1955 City of Miramar, Florida 3,000,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank 110’ x 42’3” with dome Consulting Engineers: Hartman & Associates, Inc. City of Minneola, Florida Oak Valley Water Treatment Plant 500,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank 65’ x 20’2” with dome, with 3800 GPM Aerator Consulting Engineers: Farner, Barley & Associates City of Fort Payne, Alabama Fort Payne WWTP One Elongated Oxidation Tank 301’4” long x 144’8” wide x 14’6” wall height Two Clarifiers 90’ x 15’8” Consulting Engineers: Ladd Environmental Consultants, Inc. City of New Port Richey, Florida Reclaimed Water/Reject Water Facility Two 4,500,000-Gallon Reject Water Tanks 142’ x 38’ with dome Consulting Engineers: C & D Engineering, Inc. Page 2 History of Prestressed Concrete Tanks Circular prestressed concrete tanks have been in various stages of development and perfecting for decades. Early systems used in the United States called for the use of cast-in-place concrete in the core wall of the tank and steel rods with turnbuckles as the prestressing elements. Although theoretically this approach to circumferentially prestressed concrete tanks was sound, deficiencies in placement of concrete together with insufficient residual compression in the core wall brought about modifications and improvements. In the early 1930’s, the matter was fully understood when J.M. Crom, Sr. began the development of what was later to become the COMPOSITE system of tank wall construction, using a steel shell cylinder with shotcrete encasement for the core wall, and high strength wire for the prestressing elements. Successors to Mr. Crom have over the years improved and perfected the COMPOSITE system for tank wall construction. These improvements have included the selection of better construction materials, together with ever-improving design and construction procedures. Consideration was given to: Ready-mixed concrete and pneumatically applied shotcrete in combination with a steel shell diaphragm. Prestressing rods, cables and high-strength wire. Emulsion type sealants, polysulphides, polyurethanes, and epoxies for sealing the steel shell membrane. Wall base joints using conventional waterstops; special bearing pad and waterstop combinations; and monolithic floor-wall joint connections. Emerging from all of these was the development of the prestressed COMPOSITE system: The steel shell diaphragm was found to be the most foolproof means for making the core wall watertight. Shotcrete with its high cement factor and low water/cement ratio had greater corrosion inhibition, impermeability and strength than conventional concrete. High-strength wire could be used to more accurately apply prestressing forces and could be better protected from corrosion and mechanical damage. In the early 1950’s, J.M. Crom, Sr. and three associates, Ted Crom, Jack Crom, Jr., and Frank Bertie, established The Crom Corporation, with headquarters in Gainesville, Florida, for the prime purpose of perfecting the design and construction techniques for COMPOSITE tanks. Since then, their successors have continued the tradition of excellence initiated by the company’s founders. The company has constructed in its own name and with its own forces over 3,300 circular and elongated prestressed COMPOSITE tanks. • •• • • • • Page 3 (Left) Steel Shell Diaphragm (Middle) Shotcrete (Right) High Strength Prestressing Wires City of Gainesville, Florida Three 5,000,000-Gallon Reservoirs 160’ x 33’3” each. Tanks Built in 1968 & 1972: Consulting Engineers: CH2M Hill (Formerly Black, Crow & Eidsness, Inc.) Tank Built in 1992: Consulting Engineers: Camp Dresser & McKee, Inc. Page 4 Prestressed Composite Tank Design The Crom Corporation has developed tank technology with the finest attributes: Guaranteed Watertightness Structural Integrity Greatest Economy Best Appearance WATERTIGHTNESS Watertightness of the COMPOSITE wall is made possible by combined performance of a steel shell diaphragm, shotcrete encasement, and wire prestressing. The steel shell extends continuously the full height of the tank wall, thus precluding by positive means any through-wall leakage. The diaphragm has no horizontal joints. The vertical joints which connect the steel shell panels are sealed by epoxy injection after the diaphragm is encased inside and outside with shotcrete. The corrugations in the steel cylinder, running in a vertical direction, provide a mechanical bond between the diaphragm and the shotcrete encasement. Mild steel reinforcement is included to resist bending moments, shrinkage, and temperature stresses. Circumferential prestressing assures permanent ring compression in the tank core wall. STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY The Crom Corporation designs its structures under the supervision of professional engineers; trains and certifies its key employees; selects and uses the best available construction materials; and adheres rigidly to high standards of quality construction. ECONOMY Economy is a natural by-product of the prestressed COMPOSITE design – lesser quantities of materials and labor are utilized than is possible under conventional reinforced concrete design. Of greater significance is the quality of permanence inherent in the construction materials used. Shotcrete is a durable, impermeable, high- strength building material whose long life under minimum maintenance procedures is universally recognized. Under most operating conditions, interior surfaces of the tank do not require painting. This is a major cost benefit. Exposed exterior surfaces are usually painted for beautification. APPEARANCE In prestressed COMPOSITE tanks, the soft texture of the shotcrete finish assures lasting beauty with a minimum of care, and the low silhouette dome roof, pleasing in line and shape, completes the structure’s architectural appeal. ••••• • • • Page 5Prestressed Composite Wall *U.S. Patent No. 5,150,551 ShotcreteEncasement Steel Sheel Diaphragm. Sheets Are Continuous And Have No Horizontal Joints. Vertical Joints Are Sealed Watertight By Epoxy Injection,* Using Pressure Pumping From Bottom To Top Of Wall, Filling The Channels In The Vertical Joints After The Steel Shell Has Been Encased Inside And Outside With Shotcrete. Re-Entrant Angles In Steel Shell Provide Mechanical Key With Shotcrete Encasement Prestressing WiresAre Fully EncasedAnd Bonded To The Core Wall ByShotcrete Covercoat Mild Steel Reinforcing Bars High Strength Prestressing Wire Applies Ring Compression Forces To Core Wall Core Wall Page 6 Method of Company Operations The Crom Corporation is a highly specialized construction company that devotes its efforts to engineering design and complete construction of prestressed COMPOSITE tanks. Its design/build operations include: Tank Design Reliable Preliminary Cost Estimates Complete Tank Construction Expert Workmanship Strict Specifications Five-Year Guarantee •••••• TANK DESIGN The Crom Corporation assists the client by submitting, upon request, preliminary designs for tanks to be built by the prestressed COMPOSITE method. Close coordination with the client permits early and accurate engineering decisions regarding tank dimensions, piping, sumps, launders and other appurtenances, including accommodations for equipment. This service is provided without cost or obligation. It assures a well coordinated project from early design to full construction stage. The Area Manager and the Vice President of Engineering review preliminary drawings of a complex project to assist in tank design and assure cost effectiveness. Page 7 RELIABLE PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATES As part of its service, The Crom Corporation offers reliable cost estimates at preliminary stages of design. This allows the consulting engineer and the owner to evaluate the economy of the prestressed COMPOSITE design in comparison with competing construction techniques. Preliminary estimates provided by The Crom Corporation are accurate and reliable. Within the limits of given time, project conditions, general economic conditions and scope of work envisioned, The Crom Corporation will not exceed its early estimate when the project is brought to the point of bidding. The Area Manager, Project Manager, and Purchasing Agent work on the preparation of a preliminary cost estimate. Page 8 COMPLETE TANK CONSTRUCTION The Crom Corporation provides a complete tank construction service. The company prefers no division of responsibility with respect to the tank structure itself. As a consequence, tanks are built totally by The Crom Corporation, including wall footings, floor slab, circular wall, dome roof, and other such appointments as are required for the structure. By avoiding a division of responsibility, the consulting engineer and the owner can proceed with confidence that the tank will be built expertly and the responsibility for its performance will be clearly shouldered by The Crom Corporation. The floor of the prestressed tank is a heavily reinforced membrane concrete slab. This view illustrates placement of floor concrete, reinforced with mild steel bars: a strong foundation. Steel shell diaphragm is erected on a system of formwork especially designed for this purpose. Steel shell extends continuously the full height of the tank to insure watertightness. To avoid joint sealing problems, no horizontal splices are allowed in the diaphragm. Vertical joints in the steel shell are sealed watertight by epoxy injection.* Exterior encasement of the steel shell is accomplished with shotcrete, which is pneumatically placed concrete. The core wall of the tank is built up to its full thickness by applying successive layers of shotcrete. The wall formwork has been removed and the inside face of the diaphragm is now encased with shotcrete. To insure good workmanship, all shotcrete nozzlemen are certified by the American Concrete Institute. Vertical reinforcing bars are placed to design requirements and will later be encased in shotcrete. Once this encasement is complete, the tank wall is ready for epoxy injection of the vertical joints in the encased diaphragm.* Dome roof construction is undertaken with the aid of a system of forms made to the accurate curvature of the dome shell. Ordinarily, the dome has a rise from springline to apex of 1/10th the diameter of the tank. *U.S. Patent No. 5,150,551 1 2 3 4 5 6 Page 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 Page 10 EXPERT WORKMANSHIP A hallmark of The Crom Corporation business style is the high standard of quality workmanship required of its field crews. The company over a period of many years has thoroughly trained field construction personnel totaling more than 500 people who have become experts in tank construction. Unlike work in other fields, construction of tanks for water service is critical in that leakage cannot be tolerated. By constant control of its field operations, The Crom Corporation is able to assure the highest quality of workmanship in terms of watertightness, appearance, and dimensional accuracy of its structures. Because the company specializes in one area of construction, the high risk often associated with tank construction is overcome. Inspection of tanks built as early as 1952 indicates that these vessels have endured the test of time and arduous service. Once the roof formwork is completed with an overlay of sheathing, reinforcement is placed. The free-span dome roof is constructed of cast-in-place concrete. This view shows dome concrete being placed by the pumpcrete method. Both the core wall and the free-span dome roof are circumferentially prestressed using high-strength steel wire wrapped around the tank in a continuous helix. Wall prestressing is designed to carry the tank’s hydraulic load, while dome ring prestressing resists the horizontal forces of roof live and dead loads. To avoid over-stressing or under-stressing of the tank, the tension in the wire is accurately measured to within 2% accuracy by the use of a direct-reading electronic digital stressometer. In order to afford complete protection for the prestressing elements, a shotcrete covercoat is placed over the wire, permanently bonding the wire to the tank wall. Whenever two or more layers of prestressing steel are required, a flash coat of shotcrete separates the layers. Once the cover coat has been finished, the tank is structurally complete. Final stage of construction involves the erection of accessories and painting of the exterior surfaces for decorative purposes. 7 8 9 10 11 12 Page 11 7 8 9 10 11 12 Page 12 STRICT SPECIFICATIONS The Crom Corporation adheres to the highest standards of professional engineering and construction. Tank structures are built in accordance with applicable sections of: ACI 372 Design and Construction of Circular Wire and Strand Wrapped Prestressed Concrete Structures, published by American Concrete Institute. AWWA D110 Wire-Wound Circular Prestressed-Concrete Water Tanks, promulgated by the American Water Works Association. Design drawings and calculations prepared by The Crom Corporation will carry the seal of one of the company’s full-time registered professional engineers. The installations shown on these pages are typical of tanks built under these strict specifications. • • City of Port St. Lucie, Florida LTC Reverse Osmosis WTP Two 4,000,000-Gallon Blowdown Tanks & One 4,000,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank All 145’ x 32’5” with domes Consulting Engineers: Hartman & Associates, Inc. City of Chattanooga, Tennessee 500,000-Gallon Wastewater Treatment Tank 50’ x 35’ with dome Consulting Engineers: Arcadis G & M, Inc. Page 13 Jacksonville Electric Authority United Water Operations Jacksonville, Florida 600,000-Gallon Effluent Equalization Tank 65’ x 24’2” with dome Consulting Engineers: CH2M Hill Town of Grand Isle, Louisiana 1,000,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank 80’ x 26’7” with dome, tank located in Lafite, Louisiana Consulting Engineers: Professional Engineering & Environmental Consultants, Inc. (Left) Orange County, Virginia Thomas E. Lee Industrial Park 1,000,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank 83’ x 25’ with dome Consulting Engineers: Timmons, Inc. (Right) Village of Chimney Rock, North Carolina 250,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank 45’ x 21’ with dome Consulting Engineers: McGill & Associates, P.A. Page 14 FIVE-YEAR GUARANTEE The Crom Corporation guarantees workmanship and materials on the structural portion of its tanks for a five year period. If leakage or other defects appear within the five year period, The Crom Corporation promptly makes repairs at its own expense upon written notice by the owner that such defects have been found. The tanks illustrated on these pages, like all structures built by The Crom Corporation, carry this 5-year guarantee. It is common knowledge among consulting engineers and owners that representatives of The Crom Corporation frequently inspect tank installations long after they have been built in an effort to verify that both the owner and the consultant continue to be pleased with the project. The Crom Corporation is available on short notice anywhere in its area of operations for consultations or inspections. South Walton Utility Co., Inc. Walton County, Florida 2,000,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank 85’ x 47’4” with dome Consulting Engineers: Baskerville-Donovan, Inc. City of Flowery Branch, Georgia Flowery Branch WWTF 2,800,000-Gallon Reject Water Tank 125’ x 31’6” Consulting Engineers: Moreland Altobelli Associates, Inc. Page 15 South Blount Utility District Maryville, Tennessee 4,700,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank 145’ x 38’ with dome Consulting Engineers: Jordan, Jones & Goulding, Inc. The Water Works Board of the City of Opelika, Alabama Valley, Alabama 1,000,000-Gallon Clearwell 140’ x 8’8” with dome Consulting Engineers: Paul B. Krebs & Associates, Inc. Sarasota County Government Venice, Florida 3,000,000-Gallon Effluent Storage Tank 110’ x 42’3” with dome Consulting Engineers: Post, Buckley, Schuh & Jernigan, Inc. Page 16 Typical Installations Water supply systems, wastewater treatment plants, and industrial installations create corrosive environments with varying degrees of severity. These facilities derive great benefits from the permanent and maintenance-free nature of prestressed COMPOSITE tanks. Over 3,300 tanks have been built by The Crom Corporation ranging in capacity from 25,000 gallons to 21 million gallons. These tanks have been employed as: Pickens County, Georgia Hwy 53 Water Storage Tank 1,000,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank 50’ x 70’ with dome Consulting Engineers: G. Ben Turnipseed Engineers, Inc. Stafford County Department of Public Utilities Aquia WWTP – Stafford, Virginia Two Aeration Reactors 154’ x 18’6” Clarifier 175’8” x 15’4” Consulting Engineers: Parsons Engineering Science, Inc. • Potable Water Tanks • Reuse Water Tanks • Flow Equalization Tanks • Fire Water Tanks • Stormwater Collection Tanks • Chilled Water Tanks • Spent Deicing Fluid Storage (Airports) • Aeration Tanks • Clarifier Tanks • Digester Tanks • Sludge Storage Tanks • Wash Water Tanks • Leachate Tanks • SBR Tanks Page 17 City of Atlanta Atlanta, Georgia Intrenchment Creek Water Reclamation Center 5,000,000-Gallon Effluent Storage Tank 140’ x 42’ Consulting Engineers: CH2M Hill Town of Rogersville, Tennessee 2,000,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank 104’ x 32’ with dome Consulting Engineers: J.R. Wauford & Company City of Pelham, Alabama 1,300,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank 83’3” x 32’ with dome Consulting Engineers: Municipal Consultants, Inc. Page 18 Water Reservoirs Prestressed COMPOSITE reservoirs are usually built with free-span dome roofs of concrete construction. Accessories, including ventilator; hatch cover, liquid level indicator, and interior ladder, are of fiberglass construction. Exterior ladder is fabricated aluminum. These features insure freedom from maintenance problems. All accessories use stainless steel fasteners throughout. The typical projects illustrated here exemplify the functional beauty of reservoirs built by the CROM system. (Left) City of Jackson, Mississippi Springridge Road Booster Station 2,500,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank 75' x 75' with dome Consulting Engineers: Southern Consultants, Inc. (Right) Milcrofton Utility District Franklin, Tennessee 500,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank 35' x 70' with dome Consulting Engineers: Alley & Associates, Inc. City of Temple Terrace, Florida Telecom Park 600,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank 70' x 21'10" with dome Consulting Engineers: King Engineering Associates, Inc. Reynolds Mountain Subdivision Asheville, North Carolina 127,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank 34’ x 18’9” with dome Consulting Engineers: McGill & Associates, P.A. Page 19 (Left) City of Ashland, Kentucky 3,000,000-Gallon Clearwell 86' x 70' with dome Consulting Engineers: Quest Engineers, Inc. (Right) Luttrell-Blaine-Corryton Utility District Washburn, Tennessee 250,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank 42' x 24' with dome Consulting Engineers: Vaughn & Melton City of Dunn, North Carolina Dunn WTP 3,000,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank 175' x 17' with dome Consulting Engineers: Davis-Martin-Powell & Associates, Inc. Puerto Rico Infrastructure Financing Authority (AFI) Gurabo, Puerto Rico 2,000,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank Consulting Engineers: José A. Batlle & Associates Co u r t e s y o f : A e r i a l / A r c h i t e c t u r a l P h o t o g r a p h y , I n c . Page 20 Water Tanks with Aerators Reinforced plastic, widely known as fiberglass, is ideally suited for applications in water, wastewater, and industrial plants, where corrosion is a serious consideration. One such application is the aeration of water for removal of hydrogen sulphide using a natural draft tray aerator. Since aeration and storage of water are often complementary operations, installations which combine CROM fiberglass aerators and prestressed COMPOSITE tanks are both attractive and efficient. Because of the release of hydrogen sulphide gases during the aeration process, the non-submerged interior concrete surfaces of these tanks may be subject to corrosive attack, and should be protected. This is often accomplished by poly-lining or coating the concrete surfaces above the high water line, or by exhaust fans, or by submerging the free-board surfaces (wall and roof) so as to achieve a self-washing effect.* Periodic inspections should be made to evaluate the condition of these tanks. *U.S. Patent No. 5,129,413 City of Kissimmee Southwest WTP 2,000,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank 100’ x 34’1” with dome and 12,000 GPM Aerator Consulting Engineers: Jacobs Civil, Inc. Southlake Utilities, Inc. Clermont, Florida 1,000,000-Gallon Self-Washing Water Storage Tank* 80’ x 26’7” with flat roof and 5,000 GPM Aerator Consulting Engineers: Sambamurthi Munipalli, P.E. Page 21 Jacksonville Electric Authority Jacksonville, Florida Cecil Commerce Center 2,000,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank with 20,000-GPM Aerator and Exhaust Fans 138' x 19' Consulting Engineers: MWH Americas, Inc. Glynn County Board of Commissioners Brunswick, Georgia Fancy Bluff Water Plant 300,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank with 1900 GPM Aerator 50' x 20'6" Consulting Engineers: Carter & Sloope, Inc. Okaloosa County Fort Walton Beach, Florida 1,000,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank with 1,300 GPM Aerator 70' x 34'9” Consulting Engineers: Polyengineering of Florida, Inc. Page 22 Tanks for Reuse Water Storage of reuse wastewater is a good application for prestressed COMPOSITE tanks. These tanks may be located at the treatment plant facility, or at point of use, such as golf courses or agricultural lands, where the treated water is used for irrigation purposes. Typical of such installations are the tanks pictured here: watertight, attractive, and permanent. Pinellas County Utilities Largo, Florida 5,000,000-Gallon Reuse Water Storage Tank 155’ x 35’6” with dome Consulting Engineers: Parsons Engineering Science, Inc. Forsyth County Department of Water & Sewer Cumming, Georgia 6,000,000-Gallon Reuse Water Storage Tank 160' x 39'11" with dome Consulting Engineers: Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. Page 23 City of Largo, Florida 10,000,000-Gallon Reuse Water Storage Tank 200’ x 42’6” with dome and architectural treatment Consulting Engineers: Quentin L. Hampton Associates, Inc. On Top of the World Clearwater, Florida 2,400,000-Gallon Reuse Water Storage Tank 120’ x 28’6” with dome Consulting Engineers: Jones, Edmunds & Associates, Inc. Town of Cary, North Carolina North Cary WWTP 1,300,000-Gallon Reuse Water Storage Tank 110’ x 18’6” with dome Consulting Engineers: Camp Dresser & McKee, Inc. Page 24 Vessels required in wastewater treatment plants include equalization tanks sludge digesters, effluent storage tanks, clarifiers, aeration tanks, SBR tanks, and package treatment tanks. Each of these provides an ideal application for the prestressed COMPOSITE design, which permits economical construction and freedom from the usual corrosion problems encountered in wastewater treatment facilities. Installations depicted on these pages are representative of the superior structures built by The Crom Corporation. Municipal Utilities Board of Albertville, Alabama Eastside WWTP One Primary Clarifier 86' x 13'6" Two Aeration Tanks 152' x 18' Two Final Clarifiers 135' x 15'4" Consulting Engineers: Ladd Environmental Consultants (Left) City of Blountstown, Florida Two 1,000,000-Gallon Sequencing Batch Reactors 98' x 19' Consulting Engineers: David H. Melvin, Inc. (Right) Harrison County Wastewater and Solid Waste Management District Pass Christian, Mississippi 600,000-Gallon Secondary Digester 75' x 18' Consulting Engineers: BCM Engineers, Inc. Tanks for Wastewater Treatment Combined Utility System of Easley, South Carolina Tanks built in 2002: 1,000,000-Gallon Sludge Digester with Dome 85' x 24’ Two Final Clarifiers 80’ x 15’ Consulting Engineers: B. P. Barber & Associates, Inc. Tanks built in 1986: Two 1,950,000-Gallon Aeration/ Clarifier Tanks 134’ x 18’6” with internal clarifier 74’ x 18’2” Consulting Engineers: Maguire/Beebe Engineers Page 25 Central Johnston County Smithfield, North Carolina 1,000,000-Gallon Equalization Tank 105' x 19'6" Consulting Engineers: Hazen & Sawyer Cobb County Board of Commissioners Kennesaw, Georgia Noonday Creek Water Reclamation Facility Three 6,000,000-Gallon Equalization Tanks 151’ x 47’ Consulting Engineers: Parsons Engineering Science, Inc. Western Carolina Regional Sewer Authority Greenville, South Carolina Gilder Creek WWTP Two 850,000-Gallon Anaerobic Digesters 50' x 56’2” Consulting Engineers: Camp Dresser & McKee, Inc. Page 26 Circular Oxidation Tanks In 1978, The Crom Corporation was given the opportunity to design and construct a pair of circular tanks for the City of DeLand, Florida, constructing a clarifier tank in the center of the vessel, and an oxidation channel on the outside. The tanks were a success. They have been watertight from the start and free from maintenance problems. Both the outer tank wall and the inner clarifier wall are of prestressed COMPOSITE construction. Since 1978, additional similar projects have been constructed by The Crom Corporation. Some of these are illustrated on these pages, together with the DeLand project. City of Millington, Tennessee Two Oxidation Tanks/Clarifiers Outer Wall 224'4" x 13' Inner Wall 80' x 13' Consulting Engineers: Environmental Management Planning & Engineering, Inc. City of DeLand, Florida Two Oxidation Tanks/Clarifiers Outer Wall 153'10" x 11'6" Inner Wall 75' x 14' Consulting Engineers: Jones, Edmunds & Associates, Inc. (Formerly Smith & Gillespie Engineers, Inc.) Page 27 City of Goldsboro, North Carolina Two 3,500,000 Gallon Aerator/Clarifier Tanks Outer Wall 207' x 14' Inner Wall 100' x 14'. Consulting Engineers: Piedmont Olsen Hensley (Formerly Olsen Associates, Inc.) U.S. Army Fort Bragg, North Carolina Two 5,600,000-Gallon Continuous Loop Reactors With Clarifiers Outer Wall 237' x 17' Inner Wall 115' x 17'. Consulting Engineers: Law Environmental, Inc. and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Savannah District Page 28 Elongated Prestressed Concrete Tanks* Most prestressed tanks for wastewater treatment are built in a circular configuration. For those aeration or oxidation projects requiring elongated structures, The Crom Corporation has developed unique design and construction methods, featuring steel shell/shotcrete COMPOSITE walls, together with linear and circumferential prestressing. The results have been outstanding in concrete crack control, watertightness, structural integrity, economy, and appearance. *U. S. Patent No. 5,237,793 Desoto County Regional Utility Authority Southfork WWTP – Hernando, Mississippi Elongated Aeration Tank 223’6” x 137’6” x 16’2” deep. Two Clarifiers 80’ x 16’2” Consulting Engineers: EAI/WEI, LLC and Army Corp of Engineers – Memphis District City of Brooksville, Florida 1,500,000-Gallon Elongated Tank 215' long x 51' wide x 15'6" wall height Also in project: Sludge Holding Tank 40' x 14' Anoxic Tank 66' x 13'7½” Two Clarifier Tanks 55’ x 15’2” Consulting Engineers: Coastal Engineering Associates, Inc. Page 29 City of Daytona Beach, Florida Westside Regional WWTP Elongated 5-Stage Prestressed Concrete Treatment Basin 538'8" long x 243' wide x 17'9" wall height Three 700,000-Gallon Clarifiers 85' x 16'2" Consulting Engineers: McKim & Creed, PA Okeechobee Utility Authority Okeechobee, Florida One 1,580,000-Gallon Aeration Basin 162’ long x 93’ wide x 16’ wall height Four Clarifiers 80’ x 14’2” Consulting Engineers: Knepper & Willard, Inc. Clay County Utility Authority Middleburg, Florida Fleming Island WWTP One Elongated Biological Treatment Tank 198’2” long x 100’8” wide x 13’6” wall height Consulting Engineers: DRMP/North Beach Engineering, Inc. Page 30 Tanks for Industrial Applications The problem of maintenance is particularly severe in many industrial installations. The corrosive atmosphere in chemical plants and paper mills requires great care in the selection of construction materials and techniques that will not be susceptible to deterioration. Prestressed COMPOSITE vessels have performed well as mill water treatment tanks and reservoirs, chemical processing basins, and pulp storage chests lined with tile or fiberglass. Industrial plants build effluent water treatment facilities to combat stream pollution. As part of these installations, effluent treatment tanks are ideally built by the CROM system. Chemical Plant Northern Kentucky Two Aeration Tanks 80’ x 20’. Two Equalization Tanks 80’ x 20’. Two Clarifiers 40’ x 13’6” Consulting Engineers: Davy McKee Cooper Recycling Plant South Carolina Twenty-One-Million-Gallon Stormwater Collection Tank 378’2” x 26’ Consulting Engineers: B.P. Barber & Associates and Energaes Consulting; A Joint Venture Page 31 Citrus Processing Plant Leesburg, Florida 1,400,000-Gallon Digester 100' x 24'6" 6,700,000-Gallon Wastewater Treatment Tank 215'6" x 24'6" with concentric clarifier wall 74'9" x 24'6" Consulting Engineers: U.S. Filter Chemical Plant South Carolina. Two Equalization Tanks 160’ x 25’6”. Two Aeration Tanks 95’ x 23’. Two Primary Clarifiers 30’ x 19’10”. Two Secondary Clarifiers 55’ x 13’6”. Two Sludge Tanks 30’ x 20’. Consulting Engineers: Lockwood Greene Engineers, Inc. Paper Mill Northern Florida. 2,500,000 Gallon Reservoir 110’ x 35’2”. Page 32 Motorola Corporation Plantation, Florida. 1,485,000-Gallon Chilled Water Storage Tank 85’ x 35’. Consulting Engineers: Thompson Engineering Consultants Holder Properties Data Center Alpharetta, Georgia 435,000-Gallon Chilled Water Tank 55’6” x 24’ with dome Consulting Engineers: Mallory and Evans, Inc. Tanks for Chilled Water Storage Thermal energy storage is a process whereby electric power requirements for cooling can be shifted from high demand to low demand periods. This is accomplished by storing ice or chilled water during times of low power demand and using it later at the time of peak demand. Prestressed COMPOSITE tanks built by The Crom Corporation are particularly well suited for these applications. Prestressed concrete is the ideal material for water/ice storage tank construction. Tanks may be partially or completely buried without concern for maintenance. Aesthetically pleasing insulation systems may be added economically. The free-span concrete dome can be designed to support the loads of internal piping or ice machines. Interior surfaces do not require costly coatings or maintenance. • • • • • Page 33 (Left) St. Mary’s Hospital, Inc. West Palm Beach, Florida 1,400,000-Gallon Chilled Water Storage Tank 69’ x 53’ Consulting Engineers: Johnson, Levinson, Slider & Davila, Inc. Broward Community College Central Campus Davie, Florida 750,000-Gallon Chilled Water Storage Tank 68’ x 27’6” with dome Consulting Engineers: Engineering Matrix U.S. Army Fort Jackson, South Carolina 2,250,000-Gallon Chilled Water Storage Tank 98’ x 40’. Consulting Engineers: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Savannah District (Right) Walgreen Company – Warehouse & Distribution Center West Palm Beach, Florida 1,600,000-Gallon Chilled Water Storage Tank 65’ x 65’ Consulting Engineers: The Korte Company Page 34 Tanks for Architectural Treatment Utility, low maintenance costs, watertightness, and beauty are all attributes of prestressed COMPOSITE tanks built by The Crom Corporation. Because of their proximity to sensitive residential or downtown neighbor- hoods, some installations demand superlative appearance. In these situations, prestressed tanks with architectural treatment are ideal. James City Service Authority Williamsburg, Virginia Two 500,000-Gallon Water Storage Tanks 55' x 28'2" with domes Consulting Engineers: AES Consulting Engineers/ NICE Engineering Town of Cary, North Carolina Old Apex Road Pump Station 3,000,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank 150' x 23' with dome Consulting Engineers: Hazen & Sawyer Page 35 City of West Palm Beach, Florida Ibis Golf & Country Club Repump Facilities 2,000,000-Gallon Reservoir 110' x 28'2" with dome Consulting Engineers: Lindahl, Browning, Ferrari & Hellstrom, Inc. City of Pompano Beach, Florida Indian Mound Storage Tank & Pump Station 1,200,000-Gallon Water Storage Tank 70' x 42' with dome Consulting Engineers: Hazen & Sawyer Knoxville Utilities Board Knoxville, Tennessee Mark B. Whitaker WTP 4,000,000-Gallon Clearwell 135' x 38'3" with dome Consulting Engineers: Burns and McDonnell Page 40 1,000,000-Gallon Reservoir 85’ x 24’. Built in 1963 Consulting Engineers: Barker, Osha & Anderson, Inc. (Formerly Brockway, Weber & Brockway) Longevity 1,000,000-Gallon Reservoir 90’ x 21’. Built in 1968 Consulting Engineers: Barker, Osha & Anderson, Inc. (Formerly Brockway, Owen & Anderson) 1,000,000-Gallon Reservoir 75’ x 30’3”. Built in 1980 Consulting Engineers: McKim & Creed (Formerly Briley, Wild & Associates) THE CROM CORPORATION IS AN ACTIVE MEMBER OF: Copyright © 2005 by The Crom Corportion • All Rights Reserved. Through the years, The Crom Corporation has built several tanks for the City of Riviera Beach, Florida. They are as serviceable today as they were when they were built. All three tanks were modified with Architectural Treatment and repainted in 1994/95. Consulting Engineers: Architects: Barker, Osha & Anderson, Inc. Island Design