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HomeMy Public PortalAboutHousing Partnership Packet with Housing Plan Community Meeting 6.16.22Housing Partnership Jillian Douglass Chair Lisa Forhan Clerk Vanessa Greene Ralph Marotti Diane Pansire Sara Robinson Steve Seaver Assistant Town Administrator Donna Kalinick Housing Coordinator Jill Scalise Town of Brewster Housing Partnership 2198 Main St., Brewster, MA 02631 (508) 896-3701 MEETING AGENDA Including Housing Production Plan Community Meeting Remote Participation Only Thursday, June 16, 2022 at 6:00 PM This meeting will be conducted by remote participation pursuant to Chapter 20 of the Acts of 2021,. No in -person meeting attendance will be permitted. If the Town is unable to live broadcast this meeting, a record of the proceedings will be provided on the Town website as soon as possible. The meeting may be viewed by: Live broadcast (Brewster Government TV Channel 18), Livestream (livestream.brewster- ma gov), or Video recording (tv.brewster-ma.00v). Meetings may be joined by: 1. Phone: Call (929) 436-2866 or (301) 715-8592. Webinar ID: 853 9402 2099 Passcode: 301097 To request to speak: Press *9 and wait to be recognized. 2. Zoom Webinar: https://us02web.zoom.us/i/85394022099?owd=M2JSaDJWYlZPK113eVZPVnVmaTdiUTO9 Passcode: 301097 To request to speak: Tap Zoom "Raise Hand", then wait to be recognized. 1. Call to Order 2. Declaration of a Quorum 3. Virtual Meeting Remote Participation Statement 4. Recording Statement 5. Housing Production Plan Community Meeting a. Welcome and Introductions -Jill Scalise, Housing Coordinator b. Presentation of Draft Housing Production Plan Including Key Findings, Goals, and Strategies: Barrett Planning Group -Alexis Lanzillotta & Judi Barrett c. Question & Answer Session d. Next Steps 6. or Your Information & Dates/Events of Interest 7. Next Meeting Schedule 8. Matters Not Reasonably Anticipated by the Chair 9. Housing Partnership Regular Business a. Minutes - BHP 4/21/22 BHP. Community Forum 4/28/22, BHP 5/19/22 10. Adjournment Date Posted: 06.08.22 Date Revised: Received by Town Clerk: �F:rtj'-rt ERK DRAFT Housing Production Plan 2022-2027 In Compliance with 760 CMR 56.03(4) Draft prepared for: The Town of Brewster by: Barrett Planning Group LLC Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 2 Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 BREWSTER HOUSING PARTNERSHIP Jillian Douglass, Chair Lisa Forhan Vanessa Greene Ralph Marotti Diane Pansire Sarah Robinson Steve Seaver TOWN STAFF Jill Scalise, Housing Coordinator Donna Kalinick, Assistant Town Administrator Jon Idman, Town Planner Peter Lombardi, Town Administrator CONSULTANT TEAM Barrett Planning Group LLC Judi Barrett, Principal-in-Charge Alexis Lanzillotta, Project Manager BREWSTER SELECT BOARD David Whitney, Chair Cynthia Bingham Mary Chaffee Ned Chatelain Kari Hoffman BREWSTER PLANNING BOARD Madalyn Hillis-Dineen, Chair Amanda Bebrin Charlotte Degen Tony Freitas Rob Michaels Elizabeth Taylor Alex Wentworth Past Members Paul Wallace, Chair Mark Koch Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Why Prepare This Plan? ................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Defining “Affordable Housing” ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Components of a Housing Production Plan ............................................................................................................................. 3 Community Engagement Process ................................................................................................................................................ 4 A Note on Data Sources ................................................................................................................................................................... 5 HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................................................. 7 Key Findings .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Demographic Profile ......................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Housing Characteristics ................................................................................................................................................................ 21 Housing Market ................................................................................................................................................................................ 29 Housing Affordability ..................................................................................................................................................................... 33 Barriers to Development .............................................................................................................................................................. 40 HOUSING PRODUCTION PLAN GOALS ................................................................................................................. 55 Brewster’s Housing Goals ............................................................................................................................................................ 55 Alignment with Regional Goals .................................................................................................................................................. 57 HOUSING STRATEGIES ................................................................................................................................................ 58 Progress Since 2017 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 58 Looking Forward: 2022-2027 Strategies ............................................................................................................................... 59 APPENDICES .................................................................................................................................................................... 70 This page intentionally left blank. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 1 Introduction The Town of Brewster consists of about 22.5 square miles of land, over 2,000 acres of freshwater ponds, and miles of both coastal and freshwater shorelines. Along with the Towns of Orleans, Chatham, and Harwich, Brewster is part of the Lower Cape region (see Map 1) and is also bordered by the Town of Dennis to the west. Brewster is defined by its identity as a small coastal community, primarily from its northern border along Cape Cod Bay, although the Town also has forty feet of frontage along Pleasant Bay to the south. Both the Town’s 2021 Open Space and Recreation Plan and 2018 Vision Plan highlight the Town’s rural character and notable assets including its rich scenic and historic heritage, beaches, Cape Cod Bay, ponds, and open space resources. Many of the conditions that existed when Brewster prepared its last Housing Production Plan (HPP) in 2017 remain true today, particularly in terms of infrastructure capacity, environmental considerations influenced by Brewster’s significant marine and freshwater water resources, and the Zoning Bylaw’s limitations on the types and density of housing that can be built. Nonetheless, the Town has made significant strides implementing its last HPP, most notably: ü Hiring a Housing Coordinator in 2017; ü Establishing the Brewster Affordable Housing Trust in 2018; ü Adopting the Town’s current Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) and Accessory Commercial Dwelling Unit (ACDU) bylaws in 2018; and ü Issuing a Request for Proposals (RFP) for the development of over sixteen acres of Town- owned land off Millstone Road.1 1 The “Housing Strategies” section of this plan provides a more complete list of accomplishments since the 2017 HPP. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 2 Other major factors influencing — or influenced by — Brewster’s housing needs include: The Seasonal Housing Market. As of 2020, an estimated 42 percent of Brewster’s housing stock was used for seasonal, recreational, or occasional use compared to 38 percent for Barnstable County as a whole.2 This marks an increase of over 6 percent since 2010 for the Town, which continues to exacerbate the challenge of finding year-round rental housing. Together, year-round residents, seasonal workers, and vacationers compete for the inadequate supply of affordable housing that exists in Brewster. Older Population. Brewster’s population is older, with a median age of 56.5 years as opposed to 53.7 years for Barnstable County and 39.6 years for the state.3 Accordingly, a larger share of Brewster householders are retired than at county and state levels, and have higher retirement incomes on average, as well.4 Increasing Household Wealth. Both American Community Survey (ACS) data and Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data indicate a decrease in households with low and moderate incomes, and a corresponding increase in households with higher incomes. Specifically, between 2010 and 2018, the percentage of households earning at or below the Household Area Median Family Income (HAMFI) decreased by 4.5 percent, and households earning above the HAMFI increased by 4.8 percent.5 Preserved Open Space. About one third of Brewster’s land is considered protected open space. The achievements of the Town and open space organizations have contributed to Brewster’s beauty and environmental quality, while also limiting where housing can be developed. WHY PREPARE THIS PLAN? This Housing Production Plan has been prepared to meet all the requirements of a Housing Production Plan under state regulations and the guidelines of the Massachusetts Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD).6 The main purpose of a Housing Production Plan is to help a community make steady progress toward the 10 percent statutory minimum under Chapter 40B, i.e., that 10 percent of total year-round housing units will be deed-restricted to be affordable for low- or moderate-income households. Whether a community has reached the 10 percent minimum is determined by the Chapter 40B Subsidized Housing Inventory (SHI), a periodically updated list of all affordable units recognized by DHCD. To be included on the SHI, a unit must be: • Affordable to households with incomes at or below 80 percent of the HAMFI, also commonly referred to as the Area Median Income, or AMI. For Brewster, this designated area defining 2 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Table 25004. 3 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Table B01002. 4 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Tables B19059 and B19069. 5 Comprehensive Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data, 2010 and 2018. (2018 is the most recent year for which this dataset is available). 6 G.L. c. 40B, §§ 20-23 and 760 CMR 56.00. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 3 the AMI is the Barnstable County Fair Market Rent (FMR) Area, determined by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD); • Approved by a housing subsidy agency as eligible for a comprehensive permit or as “Local Action Units” (i.e., developed without a comprehensive permit); • Protected by a long-term affordable housing restriction; and • Marketed and sold or rented under a DHCD-compliant Affirmative Fair Housing Marketing Plan (AFHMP). A completed Housing Production Plan requires approval by DHCD for a town to rely on it as a later basis seeking plan certification. While many types of housing needs may be considered, the primary purpose of the Housing Production Plan is to help communities reach the 10 percent statutory minimum under Chapter 40B. DEFINING “AFFORDABLE HOUSING” In this Housing Production Plan, the term “affordable housing” means housing that low- or moderate- income individuals and families can afford while also meeting their other basic needs: food, health care, transportation, utilities, and essential goods and services. Of course, households with higher incomes have trouble finding housing in Brewster and elsewhere in the Lower Cape and Barnstable County, too — a strong indicator that the region’s housing supply is out of balance with demand. Housing affordability in a general sense refers to macrolevel relationships between the cost of housing and household incomes. Affordable housing, by contrast, has a specific regulatory meaning and is customarily used in reference to households with low or moderate incomes. For Brewster and all its neighbors, “low- or moderate-income” refers to income limits set annually by HUD. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts uses HUD’s income limits to determine eligibility for income- restricted housing developed under Chapter 40B. As a result, most housing called “affordable housing” in federal, state, or local laws, ordinances, and bylaws is based on this consistent framework. Since Brewster’s Housing Production Plan is required to conform with the Department of Housing and Community Development’s (DHCD) Chapter 40B regulations, the primary (but not exclusive) focus is low- and moderate-income housing. COMPONENTS OF A HOUSING PRODUCTION PLAN A Housing Production Plan begins with a housing needs assessment, which describes a community’s housing needs using data from sources such as the Town, the U.S. Census Bureau, housing market reports, municipal records, and community interviews. In addition, the needs assessment will explore constraints to development and plans to mitigate these constraints where possible. Building upon this analysis of housing needs and potential barriers to further housing development, the Housing Production Plan sets a series of qualitative and quantitative affordable housing goals. Based on these goals, the plan lays out implementation strategies. State regulations (760 CMR 56.03[4]) and DHCD Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 4 Comprehensive Permit guidelines describe the specific requirements for each component of an HPP, outlined in Figure 1 below. COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT PROCESS The Town provided multiple opportunities for participation by local officials and the community at large. The planning process was guided by a Community Engagement Plan that consisted of the following components: Regular Housing Partnership Meetings. The Housing Partnership met monthly from February 2022 through June 2022 to discuss the development of this plan with Town staff and the consultant team. Small Group Interviews. During the month of March 2022, the consultant team conducted small group interviews with a total of thirty-five individuals familiar with Brewster’s housing needs to get a sense of what has changed since the last HPP and what needs still remain. Participants included Town staff, members of Town bodies, representation from housing advocacy groups and social service providers, members of the business community, realtors, and residents. Community Survey. A community survey was available online and in paper form from March 10 through April 8, 2022. This survey asked questions about the respondent’s own housing needs as well as their perspectives on the needs of the community. A total of 881 individuals participated in this survey, the results of which are included in Appendix E. Community Meeting. The Housing Partnership hosted a virtual community meeting on April 28, 2022 to share key findings from the Needs Assessment and invite participants to join breakout groups focused on the following topics: housing needs; development constraints; mapping housing solutions; Figure 1. Components of a Housing Production Plan Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 5 housing goals and strategies; and regional context. A summary of findings from this event is also included in Appendix E. Focus Groups. Between May 10 and May 19, 2022, the consultant team conducted eight focus groups with Town staff, nonprofit and for-profit developers, representation from regional housing partners, and members from Town bodies. Participants were asked to review and provide comments on draft strategies for the HPP. Initial Presentation of Needs, Goals, and Strategies to the Select Board and Planning Board. On June 6, 2022, the consultant team presented the Needs Assessment, Goals, and Implementation Strategies to the Select Board and Planning Board for their review. Both boards were invited to provide comments through the Housing Office on the presentation. Second Community Meeting on Draft Plan. [PLANNED FOR JUNE 16, 2022; SECTION WILL BE UPDATED] Public Comment Period. [TO BE OPEN THROUGH JUNE 30, 2022; SECTION WILL BE UPDATED] Final Public Hearing and Plan Adoption. [PLANNED FOR JULY 11, 2022; SECTION WILL BE UPDATED] A NOTE ON DATA SOURCES Information for the Brewster Housing Production Plan comes from a variety of sources, including the Town, the community engagement process described above, previous plans and studies, the Cape Cod Commission, state agencies, proprietary data, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The most frequently used sources of data are as follows: • The Census of Population and Housing (Decennial Densus). This plan draws from Census 2020 where appropriate, but historical census tables were also used as needed. When this planning process ended, information available from Census 2020 was still limited and only included total housing unit counts, general vacancy information (but not vacancies by type, an important factor for seasonal communities), total population counts, and information about population race and ethnicity for redistricting purposes. The full release of Census 2020 will also include an official year-round housing count, as well as data regarding tenure, household types, population by age, and more. • The American Community Survey (ACS). The ACS provides demographic and housing estimates for large and small geographic areas every year. Although the estimates are based on a small population sample, a new survey is collected each month, and the results are aggregated to provide a similar, “rolling” dataset on a wide variety of topics. In most cases, data labeled “ACS” in this plan are taken from the most recent five-year tabulation: 2016-2020 inclusive. • HUD Consolidated Planning/Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) Data. Created through a combined effort of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 6 Development (HUD) and the Census Bureau, this dataset is a “special tabulation” of ACS According to the HUD guidance, “these special tabulation data provide counts of the numbers of households that fit certain combinations of HUD-specified criteria such as housing needs, HUD-defined income limits (primarily 30, 50, and 80 percent of median income) and household types of particular interest to planners and policy-makers.” The most recent CHAS Data are based on the ACS 2014-2018 estimates. • Housing Market Sources. The consultants tapped the Warren Group’s extensive real estate transaction databases to sample sales volume and sale prices, as well as Rentometer for rental market data. • Town Data. Information provided by the Building Department, Planning Department, and Deputy Assessor supported a review of local development patterns and market trends, and Assessor’s records were used to analyze Brewster’s housing stock. • Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) Socio-Economic Projections for 2020 Regional Transportation Plans. This source was relied upon for population projections and trends. In addition, many local and regional publications were reviewed during the development of this Housing Production Plan and are referenced throughout this document. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 7 Housing Needs Assessment KEY FINDINGS • Brewster’s population increased by 5 percent between 2010 and 2020 Census, despite recent projections forecasting a potential decline. The number of households also increased by 9 percent. • The share of older residents and older householders living alone have both increased since the 2010 Census. Conversely, the percentages of residents under 18 and households with children under 18 have declined. • Brewster’s population lacks racial and ethnic diversity, although the percentage of minority residents has slightly increased since the 2010 Census. • The Town- and county-wide the percentage of older adults with a disability is markedly lower than the state. Nonetheless, older Brewster residents are much more likely to have a disability than residents under age 65. • Household wealth is increasing, with a significant jump in higher-income households from 2010 and a decrease in lower-income households. Regionally, the HUD area median family income (HAMFI) has also increased sharply since 2021. • In addition to the percentage of low-to-moderate income (LMI) households decreasing, the percentage of households earning between 80 and 100 percent HAMFI has decreased, likely because they cannot find housing; these households are ineligible for the limited subsidized units currently available in Brewster and are also likely to be priced out of an increasingly competitive housing market. • Older adults living alone are the most likely household type to be low-to-moderate income (LMI), and female householders living alone are more likely to be living in poverty than any other household type. • Brewster’s housing stock is predominantly detached single family homes, although Brewster has a higher share of attached single-family homes (i.e., condominiums) than the Lower Cape, county, and state. There is very limited multi-unit residential development, and most rental units in multi-unit structures are deed-restricted affordable units. • Older single-family homes build before 1960 hold more land value than building value and accordingly may be at greater risk of teardown. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 8 • Rental opportunities are limited, particularly for market-rate rental units. Other than the recent ADU/ACDU bylaw amendment, the Town’s zoning does not facilitate the production of multi-unit or mixed-use residential development that would provide more rental units. • The share of housing units for seasonal, recreational, or occasional use has increased while the share of year-round renter households has decreased. Market projections indicate that the gap between year-round and second homes will continue to narrow if housing trends are not altered. • Housing sale prices have jumped significantly since 2020 and continue to rise, a trend more pronounced in Brewster and the Lower Cape than county- or statewide. • Households earning the area median income are unlikely to be able to afford a home at Brewster’s median sales price, and renters earning the median renter income for Brewster are unlikely to be able to afford market rental units. • The majority of LMI households (an estimated 58 percent) are unaffordably housed (“housing cost-burdened”), paying more than 30 percent of their income toward housing costs. Seventeen percent of non-LMI households are cost-burdened. • Among both owners and renters, households earning below 50 percent of the area median income are most likely to be cost-burdened, although there is also significant need at the 80- 100 percent level. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE Population Trends Brewster experienced tremendous growth between 1970 and 2000, increasing more than five-fold from 1,790 to 10,094 residents. This trend occurred across the Cape and Islands compared to the rest of Massachusetts, which made the population dip most Cape communities experienced by 2010 somewhat striking. While projections by the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) in 2018 anticipated a continued population decline through 2040, the Town’s population in fact increased by nearly 500 between 2010 and 2020.7 The Cape Cod Commission also published population projections through 2025 as part of their 2017 Regional Housing Market Analysis, which anticipated a 2020 population of 9,833.8 7 In 2018, MassDOT — in conjunction with an advisory team of experts from regional and state agencies, the Massachusetts Donohoe Institute (UMDI) and the Metropolitan Area Planning Council (MAPC) — projected regional increases in population and housing demand through the year 2040. This project was intended to inform 2020 Regional Transportation Plans and analyzed demographic trends, labor force participation, commuting pattens, and other data to estimate population and household growth. 8 Cape Cod Commission, Regional Housing Market Analysis and 10-Year Forecast of Housing Supply and Demand for Barnstable County, Massachusetts, 2017. Prepared by Crane Associates, Inc. and Economic Policy Resources. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 9 POPULATION AGE An estimated 14 percent of Brewster residents are under 18, which is in line with the county (15 percent), but significantly lower than the state (20 percent). Conversely, Brewster has a markedly larger percentage of older adults over age 55 than the state (53 percent and 30 percent, respectively). This trend applies to the Lower Cape and county to different degrees, as shown in Table 1. Figure 3 breaks down Brewster’s population by age, and Figure 4 highlights changes in different age groups between 2010 and 2020. All benchmark geographies saw a decrease in the share of their populations under 55 and an increase for the 55+ populations. Both population shifts were more pronounced in Brewster than in the Lower Cape, County, or state to varying degrees. Table 1. Percent of Population Under 18 and Over 55 % Population Under 18 % Population Over 55 Brewster 13.8% 52.9% Lower Cape 12.5% 56.9% Barnstable County 15.2% 48.2% MA 19.9% 30.1% Source: ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Table B01001 1,790 5,226 8,440 10,094 9,820 10,318 9,786 9,266 7,863 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 Year Figure 2. Total Population: Past Trends and Future Projections Sources: US Decennial Census, 1970-2020, MassDOT Population Projections, 2018 Population (Actual)Population (Projected) 13.8% 14.7% 18.8% 39.1% 13.8% Figure 3. Population by Age Source: ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Table B01001 Under 18 Years (13.8%) 18 to 34 Years (14.7%) 35 to 54 Years (18.8%) 55 to 74 Years (39.1%) 75 Years and Over (13.8%) Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 10 RACE, ETHNICITY, AND CULTURE While the Cape continues to have less racial and ethnic diversity than the state, Brewster’s population did see a slight increase in its non- minority population between 2010 and 2020, as did the Lower Cape and county. In Brewster, the largest increase during this time was among of residents identifying as two or more races (see Table 2). Map 2 displays the minority population across the Lower Cape region by census block group. Table 2. Brewster Population by Race and Ethnicity, 2010-2020 2010 2020 White 96.7% 91.4% Black 0.7% 1.6% American Indian and Alaska Native 0.2% 0.2% Asian 0.9% 1.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0.0% 0.1% Other 0.5% 1.0% Two or More Races 1.0% 4.7% Hispanic or Latino (All Races) 1.7% 3.0% Source: US Decennial Census, 2010 and 2020 -3% -4% -7% 8% 2% -3% -1% -7% 8% 2% -3% -1% -7% 7% 1% -2% -1% -4% 5% 0% -8% -6% -4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% Figure 4. Percent Change in Population by Age, 2010-2020 Source: ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2006-2010 and 2016-2020, Table B01001 Brewster Lower Cape Barnstable County MA Under 18 Years 18 to 34 Years. 35 to 54 Years 55 to 74 Years Over 75 Years A N Town of Brewster Map 1. Minority Population, Lower Cape May 2022; Source: Town of Brewster, U.S. Census 2020, MassGIS, and MassDOT 134 DENNIS YARMOUTH '-..._L ) '1 / � // (,. r-1 / ' ) ( � C - /r- // Percent Minority D 4%-6% D 6.1%-8% D 8.1%-11% -I I.I%-13% -13.1%-17% r -'- 0 1 2 Miles MassDOT Major Roads U.S. Highway State Route -Non-numbered Road D Town of Brewster r _ 1 Other Lower Cape Towns L _:1 Surrounding Towns (" EASTHAM Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 12 EDUCATION Nearly half (48 percent) of Brewster’s population over age 25 holds a bachelor’s degree or higher, exceeding Barnstable County and Massachusetts (both an estimated 45 percent), although behind the Lower Cape’s estimated 52 percent. Nearly a quarter of the adults over 25 living in Brewster and the Lower Cape have advanced degrees — master’s, professional, or doctoral — which sets the region apart from the County as a whole and state. LABOR FORCE A community’s labor force includes all civilian residents over the age of 16 who are either currently employed or are actively seeking employment. Brewster has an estimated civilian labor force of 4,976, with 4,641 employed in a variety of industries.9 ACS estimates indicate that over one fifth of Brewster’s labor force is employed in educational services, health care, or social assistance, as shown in Table 3. Additionally, an estimated 23 percent of working Brewster residents work in Brewster, which is a significantly lower share of individuals working in their municipality of residence than in the Lower Cape (35 percent), County (41 percent), and state (33 percent). The difference is not surprising considering Brewster’s small local economic base, although it also reinforces feedback from the community engagement process that people who work in Brewster may struggle to afford to live in the community. 9 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Table C24030. 2.9%2.2% 4.2% 8.9% 19.6%18.9% 22.7%23.5% 30.3% 27.0%28.1% 23.0%23.7% 27.5% 24.9%24.5%23.6%24.4% 20.1%20.0% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Brewster Lower Cape Barnstable County MA Figure 5. Educational Attainment for the Population 25 and Over Source: ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Table B15003 Less than High School High School Graduate (Includes Equivalency) Some College Bachelor's Degree Advanced Degree (Master's, Professional, or Doctorate Degree) Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 13 Table 3. Top Five Industries for Brewster’s Labor Force Industry % Resident Labor Force Educational Services; Health Care and Social Assistance 22.3% Professional, Scientific, Management; Administrative and Waste Management Services 16.8% Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation; Accommodation and Food Services 13.8% Construction 12.8% Other Services (Except Public Administration) 8.3% All Other Industries Combined 26.0% Source: ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Table C24030 DISABILITY Twelve percent of Brewster residents live with a disability, a figure in line with the Lower Cape and County (both 13 percent), and state (12 percent).10 Over half of Brewster residents over 65 have some sort of disability, which is relatively low compared to the state. This trend applies county-wide, as the Cape’s share of this age cohort with a disability is 52 percent, significantly lower than the state’s 67 percent. Table 4 breaks down disabilities by type, both among Brewster residents with a disability and among all non-institutionalized residents. Overall, cognitive difficulties are the most common challenge, closely followed by independent living difficulties. Household Type In federal census terms, a family household includes two or more related people living together in the same housing unit, and a non-family household can be a single person living alone or two or more unrelated people living together. Brewster’s percentage of family and non-family households is similar to the county and state levels, but the breakdown is significantly different; only 19 percent of Brewster households have children under 18 (a decrease since 2010, as Table 5 shows), compared to the state at 29 percent. This trend is consistent across the Cape, with some Outer Cape communities even falling below 10 percent. For nonfamily households, the percentage of householders living alone increased in Brewster by about 5 percent. Among this household type, the biggest increase was among those 65 or older, representing 41 percent of householders living alone in 2010 versus 63 percent in 10 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Table B18101. Note that ACS disability status is calculated using the non-institutionalized population, which means those living in institutionalized “group quarters” settings such as nursing homes are not included. ACS estimates indicate that Brewster’s non-institutionalized population is 9,530 compared to the total population estimate of 9,811. Table 4. Type of Disability Type of Disability % Disabled Pop % Total Pop Hearing Difficulty 34.0% 3.9% Vision Difficulty 5.6% 0.7% Cognitive Difficulty 49.7% 5.8% Ambulatory Difficulty 31.3% 3.6% Self Care Difficulty 13.7% 1.6% Independent Living Difficulty 47.6% 5.5% Source: ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Table S1810. Because some residents may have multiple disabilities, percentages do not equal 100 percent. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 14 2020.11 Map 3 displays families with children under 18 by census block group and Map 4 shows households with someone over 65. 11 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Table B25011. Table 5. Changes in Household Type, 2010-2020 2010 2020 Difference Number Percent Number Percent Percent Family Households 2,851 64.0% 2,812 62.3% -1.7% With Children Under 18 938 21.1% 849 18.8% -2.3% With No Children Under 18 1,913 43.0% 1,963 43.5% 0.5% Nonfamily Households 1,602 36.0% 1,703 37.7% 1.7% Householder Living Alone 1,201 27.0% 1,428 31.6% 4.6% Householder Not Living Alone 401 9.0% 275 6.1% -2.9% Total Households 4,453 100.0% 4,515 100.0% Source: ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2006-2010 and 2016-2020, Table B11001 3. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 15 Household Size The estimated average household size in Brewster is 2.11, below the county at 2.20 and more significantly below the state at 2.50.12 This trend toward smaller household sizes in Brewster is also demonstrated by 2010 and 2020 population and household counts; while the 2020 Census average household size is not available at the time of this plan, Table 6 displays the ratio between total population and total households to estimate changes in household size. For additional context, Maps 5 and 6 show the concentration of one-person households and households of four or more persons by census block group. Table 6. Ratio Population and Household Counts, 2010 and 2020 Brewster Lower Cape Barnstable County MA 2010 2020 2010 2020 2010 2020 2010 2020 Ratio of Pop to Household 2.24 2.16 2.12 2.11 2.25 2.22 2.57 2.56 Source: US Decennial Census, 2010 and 2020 12 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Table B25010 4. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 16 5. 6. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 17 Household Income In 2020 the estimated median household income for Brewster households was $81,625, slightly over the Lower Cape median of $78,985 and the County at $76,863.13 However, median income is not the only indicator of household wealth in a community, particularly when a significant number of householders are retired; thirty-eight percent of Brewster households had retirement income compared to 36 percent for the Lower Cape and 32 percent for the county, setting the Cape significantly apart from the state’s 19 percent of households with retirement income.14 For this reason, viewing income levels across households provides additional insight regarding distribution of wealth. Between 2010 and 2020, the share of Brewster households earning over $125,000 increased considerably, while households earning below this level decreased across most income subcategories, as Figure 6 demonstrates. The greatest shift was in households earning over $200,000, which jumped over 9 percent in a ten-year period. This may indicate that wealthier households have moved into the community over the last decade, a finding also demonstrated by the housing market analysis later in this plan. This trend is also confirmed by Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data, which provides estimates of households at 30, 50, 80, and 100 percent or greater of HUD’s Area Median Family Income (HAMFI).15 These income levels are determined by HUD for Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs), which are large geographies designated by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget to represent a larger regional market.16 Between 2010 and 2018 (the most recent year for which CHAS 13 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Table B19013. For regional context, Map 7 displays median household incomes by block group across the Lower Cape. 14 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Table B19059 15 The area median income is used by HUD to determine income limits for eligibility for assisted housing programs. 16 Brewster is part of the “Barnstable Town, MA MSA,” which includes all fifteen Cape Cod communities. 15.8% 23.1% 21.1% 10.8% 15.1% 5.1%4.7%4.3% 13.3% 16.8% 15.5%16.3% 7.9%7.3% 9.3% 13.7% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% Les s t h a n $ 2 5 , 0 0 0 $2 5 , 0 0 0 - $ 4 9 , 0 0 0 $5 0 , 0 0 0 - $ 7 4 , 9 9 9 $7 5 , 0 0 0 - $ 9 9 , 9 9 9 $1 0 0 , 0 0 0 - $ 1 2 4 , 9 9 9 $1 2 5 , 0 0 0 - $ 1 4 9 , 9 9 9 $1 5 0 , 0 0 0 - $ 1 9 9 , 9 9 9 $2 0 0 , 0 0 0 o r M o r e Figure 6. Household Income for Brewster Households, 2010-2020 Source: ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2006-2010 and 2016-2020 2010 2020 Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 18 data is available), the percentage of low-income households earning 80 percent HAMFI or lower slightly decreased while the percentage of households earning over 100 percent HAMFI increased by nearly 5 percent (see Table 7). Also notable is the decrease in households earning over 80 percent and up to 100 percent HAMFI, likely due to these households being priced out of an increasingly competitive housing market yet also being ineligible for an affordable unit. Table 7. Estimated Households by Income Level, 2010-2018 2010 2014 2018 Difference, 2010-2018 Percent of Households Earning 80% HAMFI or Lower 36.7% 37.8% 34.3% -2.4% Percent of Households Earning 81-100% HAMFI 14.9% 11.6% 12.7% -2.2% Percent of Households Earning More Than 100 % HAMFI 48.1% 50.6% 52.9% 4.8% Source: Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data, 2014-2018 Regionally, the median family median income as determined by HUD has increased sharply, jumping $26,3000 from FY2021 to FY2022, as shown in Figure 7. In terms of income and age, Brewster householders 45 to 64 have the highest median household incomes of local and county households, as shown in Table 8. This trend is common for this age group, as they tend to be more advanced in their careers than their peers in younger age brackets. However, Brewster’s median income for householders 25 to 44 is nearly $22,000 lower than the state level, which means that younger Brewster households may have more difficulty with housing and other expenses. Conversely, the median income for householders 65 and over is considerably higher than the state, a trend that makes sense considering the percentage of wealthier households has increased along with the percentage of older adults. $75,300 $79,000 $80,000 $74,900 $74,900 $80,300 $77,100 $90,200 $86,200 $91,300 $96,600 $89,300 $115,600 $50,000 $70,000 $90,000 $110,000 $130,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Figure 7. HUD Area Median Family Income (HAMFI) for Barnstable County Metropolitan Statistical Area Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 19 Table 8. Median Household Income by Age of Householder Brewster Barnstable County Massachusetts Householder Under 25 Years No Data $54,975 $44,222 Householder 25 To 44 Years $74,597 $82,045 $96,311 Householder 45 To 64 Years $101,852 $95,374 $103,973 Householder 65 Years And Over $67,288 $65,297 $52,973 Source: ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Table 19049 Despite the relatively higher median income for older adults, “elderly non-family” households (adults over age 62 living alone) are nonetheless the most likely to be considered “low to moderate income,” or LMI. This refers to households earning at or below 80 percent HAMFI. The “Poverty Level” section below explores this topic further and looks at household types most likely to experience poverty. Table 9. Low-to-Moderate Income (LMI) Households by Household Type HUD-Defined Household Types Total Households LMI Households % LMI Households Elderly family (2 persons, with either or both age 62 and over) 1205 385 32.0% Elderly non-family 870 530 60.9% Large family (5 or more persons) 215 30 14.0% Small family (2 persons, neither person 62 years or over, or 3 or 4 persons) 1425 250 17.5% Other (non-elderly non-family) 575 280 48.7% Source: Detailed CHAS Tables, 2014-2018, Table 7 Poverty Level An estimated 6.9 percent of Brewster households live below the poverty level, which is slightly lower than the county (7.1 percent) and significantly lower than the state (10.6 percent). Of those households living in poverty, the highest percentage is among female householders living alone between the ages of 25 and 44 (30.5 percent) and over 65 (30.2 percent). This trend of female householders living alone being more likely to experience poverty is also seen at the county and state levels.17 17 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Table B17017 N Town of Brewster Map 6. Median Household Income, Lower Cape May 2022; Source: Town of Brewster, U.S. Census 2020, MassGIS, and MassDOT YARMOUTH ( 134 r -'- Median Household Income D $40 .833 -$47 .083 D $47 .083 -$68. 182 D $68. 1 82 -$81 .02 9 -$81,02 9 -$ I 00 ,250 -$100 ,2 5 0 -$147 ,177 D No Data 0 1 2 Miles MassDOT Major Roads U.S. Highway State Route -Non-numbered Road D Town of Brewster r _ 1 Other Lower Cape Towns L _:1 Surrounding Towns (" EASTHAM Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 21 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS As of the 2020 U.S. Decennial Census, there were 8,234 housing units located in Brewster, up from 7,953 in 2010. Of the housing units in Brewster, an estimated 75 percent are detached single-family homes compared to 52 percent of the housing across Massachusetts. Because Brewster experienced significant growth between 1970 and 1990, the number of housing units likewise increased, growing more than four-fold.18 Figure 8 highlights this growth pattern, which largely coincides with the age of the Town’s housing stock described below. Housing Age Brewster has a significantly larger share of homes built between 1980 and 1999 than the Lower Cape, county, and state, with an estimated 51 percent of Brewster’s housing units built during this time. While Figure 9 displays the age of housing stock by intervals of twenty years, housing units built during the 1980s make up the largest share by decade at an estimated 36 percent (2,878 housing units), the largest jump in five decades. Also of note is the much smaller share of housing units built before 1940 in Brewster compared to the Lower Cape, Barnstable County, and the state. 18 Minnesota Population Center. National Historical Geographic Information System: Version 2.0. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota 2011. 1,494 3,489 6,367 7,339 7,953 8,234 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 To t a l H o u s i n g U n i t s Year Figure 8. Brewster Total Housing Units, 1970-2020 Source: U.S. Decennial Census and Minnesota Population Center Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 22 Housing Types While Brewster’s estimated share of total share of single-family homes is on par with the County’s share (each 87 percent), Brewster has a significantly higher percentage of “single family attached” homes (such as condominiums), estimated at 11 percent compared to the Lower Cape and county’s 5 percent. The Villages at Ocean Edge is the largest contributor to this category of housing, although there are other smaller attached condominium developments off Snow Road and along Cape Cod Bay. Table 10. Units in Structure Brewster Lower Cape Barnstable County Massachusetts Single Family, Detached 75.4% 84.9% 81.6% 52.1% Single Family, Attached 11.1% 5.2% 5.1% 5.5% 2 Units 1.8% 1.7% 2.3% 9.7% 3 or 4 Units 3.4% 2.5% 3.6% 10.7% 5 to 9 Units 4.1% 2.8% 2.8% 5.8% 10 to 19 Units 2.0% 1.0% 1.4% 4.3% 20 to 49 Units 1.4% 1.4% 1.5% 4.4% 50 or More Units 0.8% 0.4% 1.2% 6.9% Other 0.0% 0.1% 0.5% 0.8% Source: ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Table B25024 4.2% 10.3%10.5% 31.6% 4.4% 9.4%10.9% 17.0% 29.5% 31.4%31.8% 21.7% 51.6%37.3%35.4%18.8% 10.3%11.6%11.5%10.9% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Brewster Lower Cape Barnstable County Massachusetts Figure 9. Year Structure Built Source: ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Table 25034 Built 2000 or later Built 1980 to 1999 Built 1960 to 1979 Built 1940 to 1959 Built 1939 or Earlier Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 23 SINGLE-FAMILY (DETACHED) HOMES Cape-style homes are most common among Brewster’s detached single family homes (45 percent), followed by ranches (28 percent) and colonials (14 percent).19 The remaining 13 percent of detached single-family homes consist of a mix including contemporary, conventional, cottage/bungalow, raised ranch, and other home styles. Table 11 below indicates the most common style for homes built during different periods, as well as other notable features including the average residential floor area, lot sizes, and number of rooms. Homes built since 2000 tend to be larger and hold more building value compared to the land, as shown by the ratio of average land values to average building values. A ratio under 1.0 indicates that the buildings on average are more valuable than the land, in large part due to the trend toward larger homes. Conversely, ratios over 1.0 indicate that the land on average is more valuable than the buildings. This is more common for older homes, potentially putting them at greater risk of teardown, as a new or existing owner of an older home may choose to demolish and rebuild rather than repair, renovate, or maintain a home in poor condition. The Town may wish to monitor teardown activity to see whether this trend increases in Brewster, potentially leading to changes in overall housing affordability. Table 11. Change in Size and Value in Brewster's Single-Family Home Inventory Year Built No. of Records Most Common Housing Style Average Residential Floor Area (Sq. Ft.) Average Lot (Sq. Ft.) Average No. Rooms Ratio of Average Land Value to Average Building Value 2000 to Present 760 Cape 2,561 50,809 7 0.583 1980 to 1999 2,343 Cape 1,913 37,529 6 0.688 1960 to 1979 1,930 Cape 1,608 27,844 6 0.950 1940 to 1959 298 Ranch 1,445 36,406 6 2.435 1939 or Earlier 295 Conven/Old 1,773 50,103 7 1.499 Source: Brewster's Assessor's Parcel Database (2022) and Barrett Planning Group LLC CONDOMINIUMS Assessor’s records indicate that Brewster has 1,518 condominium units, which accounts for the relatively large share of attached single-family homes noted above. However, there are also a number of detached condos (124), such as those in the recently developed Brewster Landing on Sachemus Trail.20 Brewster’s condominium stock predominantly consists of townhouses and garden style buildings, although there are also some duplexes and triplexes. TWO-UNIT HOMES Assessed differently from a duplex condominium where each unit has its own owner, a two-unit home has one owner but two residential units. Assessor’s records indicate that Brewster has 47 two-unit homes, nearly half of which are owner-occupied and most of which were built prior to 1980. 19 Town of Brewster Assessor’s Records, FY 2022. 20 Brewster Landing has 28 condominiums total, with 24 detached and 4 in duplex structures. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 24 LARGER MULTI-UNIT PROPERTIES Brewster’s multi-unit housing portfolio includes a very limited number of smaller, 4–8-unit structures (four, according to Assessor’s records). Additionally, there are several larger multi-unit rental properties, all of which contribute or are expected to contribute to the Town’s Subsidized Housing Inventory (SHI) and are described below. • King’s Landing. Constructed in 1975, King’s Landing is Brewster’s oldest multi-unit development and provides 108 rental units in a mix of one-, two-, and three-bedroom apartments. King’s Landing was acquired and renovated by Preservation of Affordable Housing (POAH) in 2013. • Huckleberry Lane. One of two Brewster Housing Authority (BHA) properties, Huckleberry Lane was built in 1989 to provide family housing and includes 24 two- and three-bedroom rental units. • Frederick Court. BHA’s second property was built in 1990 and consists of 32 one-bedroom rental units for older adults and disabled persons. • Wells Court. Built in 2004 on land provided by the BHA, Wells Court consists of one building housing 24 one-bedroom rental units for older adults. • Serenity at Brewster. The former Wingate property has been redeveloped into 132 studio and one-bedroom rental units for older adults over age 55. Phase 1 opened in July 2021 and included 41 studios; Phase 2 is expected to be ready for occupancy in 2022 and will include 91 studios and one-bedroom units. Of the project’s 132 total units, 27 are expected to be added to the Town’s SHI in 2022. • Brewster Woods. Currently in development and built on land leased from the BHA, Brewster Woods will provide 30 one-, two-, and three-bedroom rental units in two buildings. MIXED USE Assessor’s records indicate 79 mixed use properties with some degree of residential use alongside commercial activity. This includes properties that are primarily residential with a secondary commercial use (e.g., an antique shop or art gallery), as well as properties that are primarily commercial with a secondary residential use such as a second-floor apartment. NURSING HOMES & ASSISTED LIVING Brewster has two assisted living facilities that provide a combined 191 units. Both Maplewood and Pleasant Bay Woodlands Assisted Living include ten percent affordable units, although these are not included on the Town’s SHI. Vacancy & Tenure CHANGE IN VACANCY From 2010 to 2020, the percentage of vacant units decreased in Brewster, as was the trend at the Lower Cape, county, and state levels, although to a greater degree than Brewster experienced (see Figure 10, which displays the percent change in housing occupancy from 2010 to 2020). While the percent of occupied units increased, this figure should not be considered a metric for the availability of year- Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 25 round housing because it does not account for the vacancy type. For census purposes, “vacant” units include those used for seasonal, recreational, or occasional use, so much of Brewster’s vacant housing units are used as second homes or short-term rentals. Because Census 2020 data has only been partially released, the official year-round housing count (which subtracts these seasonal homes) is not yet available. However, ACS estimates indicate an increase in housing units used for this purpose, as shown in in Figure 11. Thus, while the percentage of vacant units has decreased, these units considered “vacant” are increasingly used for seasonal, recreational, or occasional use – a trend described during the community engagement process. Map 8 shows the percentage of vacant housing units by block group. 6.1% 5.0% 3.0% 0.3% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% Brewster Lower Cape Barnstable County MA Figure 11. Percent Change in Total Housing Units Used For Seasonal, Recreational, or Occasional Use, 2010-2020 Source: ACS 5-Year Estimates, Table B25004 8.8%8.4%8.0%7.9% -2.6% -4.7%-4.7%-4.5% -6% -4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% Figure 10. Percent Change in Housing Occupancy, 2010-2020 Source: US Decennial Census, 2010 and 2020 Occupied Units: % Change from 2010-2020 Vacant Units: % Change from 2010-2020 Brewster Lower Cape Barnstable County MA Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 26 IMPACT ON YEAR-ROUND TENURE Housing tenure refers to whether a householder owns or rents their home. Feedback from the community engagement process indicates an observation that year-round rentals are being replaced by short-term rentals, leading to displacement of renter households. Brewster does not currently track whether a housing unit is an owner’s primary or secondary residence (or whether it used for short- term rentals), nor is detailed Census 2020 vacancy status available as of the date of this plan. While it is difficult to determine the precise impact of short-term rentals on year-round tenure, the limited data available corroborates this feedback from residents: ACS estimates indicate a decline in the share of year-round renter households between 2010 and 2020, both in Brewster and the Lower Cape (and to a lesser degree, the county) with a corresponding increase in the share of vacant units, as Figure 12 demonstrates. In addition, a market analysis of advertised rental units in Brewster over the last 48 months indicates a very limited inventory, with an average of twelve units advertised per year.21 Map 9 shows the percentage of renter households by census block group based on the most recent ACS 5- year estimates. 21 See attached report in Appendix A. This does not include units in Brewster’s larger multi-unit residential developments; these properties (described on page 17) have very long waitlists of several years because they are all affordable units. 42.3%45.5%45.9%50.9% 38.2%41.6% 9.8%9.1% 9.9%8.2%10.3%7.5% 12.1%11.9% 32.4%34.1% 47.8%46.3%43.8%41.6%49.7%46.5% 57.8%56.8% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Figure 12. Housing Occupancy and Tenure Source: ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2006-2010 and 2016-2020, Tables B25002 and B25003 Vacant Renter-Occupied Owner-Occupied 2010 2020 Brewster Lower Cape 2010 2020 Barnstable County 2010 2020 MA 2010 2020 Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 27 8. 9. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 28 TENURE BY AGE & INCOME Homeowners in Brewster tend to be older and wealthier, with the strong majority of householders over the age of 45 owning their homes. The breakdown by tenure shifts somewhat for older adults over age 75 who are more likely to rent than householders between the ages of 45 to 74.22 Younger householders between 25 and 34 are much more likely to rent than own a home in Brewster. 22 For census purposes, “householder” refers to the person or one of the people in whose name a housing unit is owned or rented; thus, because the number of householders for a geography equals the number of households, the data discussed in this section does not refer to all members of a household. 22% 65% 90% 100% 91% 94% 82% 88% 78% 35% 10% 9% 6% 18% 12% 0%20%40%60%80%100% 25 To 34 Years 35 To 44 Years 45 To 54 Years 55 To 59 Years 60 To 64 Years 65 To 74 Years 75 To 84 Years 85 Years And Over Figure 13. Tenure by Age of Householder Source: ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Table B25007 Note that a true 100% value is unlikey; ACS estimates are based on a rolling 5-year dataset and include a margin of error. Owner Renter 34% 76% 85% 82% 98% 100% 66% 24% 15% 18% 2% 0%20%40%60%80%100% Less than $25,000 $25,000-$49,000 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000-$99,999 $100,000 to $149,999 $150,000 or more Figure 14. Tenure by Household Income Source: ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Table B25118 Owner Renter Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 29 HOUSING MARKET Development Trends Building permits are a good indicator of housing activity within a town because they show the predominant types of development activity in a given year. Table 12 provides a snapshot of residential building permit activity from 2017-2021 and indicates that residential development continues to favor single-family homes, with teardown activity more prevalent in 2017 and 2018 than in recent years. Additionally, since the Town adopted its 2018 ADU/ACDU bylaw, over 20 building permits for ADUs have been issued.24 The most recently permitted affordable housing developments have been multi-unit projects, including Serenity at Brewster and Brewster Woods. Looking forward, the Town recently accepted a proposal to develop 45 one-, two-, and three-bedroom rental units on 16.1 acres of Town-owned Land on Millstone Road. All other affordable developments over the last ten years have provided affordable ownership opportunities, including fourteen Habitat for Humanity homes on Paul Hush Way (permitted in 2017), seven homes at Brewster Landing (out of twenty-eight total homes; permitted in 2014), and three homes at White Rock Commons (out of twelve total homes; permitted in 2014). Apart from Brewster’s two existing assisted living facilities, all larger multi-unit residential development in Brewster has been tied to the development of affordable housing — and all except Serenity at Brewster have been 100 percent affordable. While this is commendable and serves to meet the needs of the most vulnerable households, it also points to a lack of market rate rental available to households ineligible for an affordable unit but who want or need to rent for a variety of reasons, as well as the lack of regulatory mechanisms for creating this housing. Housing Sale Prices Housing prices have soared in Brewster, with a current 2022 median sale price (through April 2022) of $753,500 for a single-family compared to $602,000 for Barnstable County.25 As shown in Figure 15, from 2020 to 2021, median sales prices in Brewster jumped $135,500 for single-family homes and $92,250 for condominiums, representing the largest one-year increase in over ten years. While this increase in median sales price is not unique to Brewster, Figure 16 shows that Brewster and the Lower Cape are experiencing this decrease in affordability to a greater extent than the county and state.26 23 2018: seven multi-unit permits issued for modular dormitory-style buildings at Ocean Edge used to house J-1 visa workers. 2021: two multi-unit permits issued for each phase of Serenity at Brewster; two multi-unit permits issued for Brewster Woods. 24 Brewster Housing Office, “2022 Housing Summary Update Paper,” February 2022. 25 Median Sales Price for Brewster and Barnstable County, Calendar Year, Banker & Tradesman via The Warren Group. Median sales price is based upon twenty-four sales in Brewster between January and April 2022 and 1,052 sales for Barnstable County. 26 Lower Cape median sale prices based on average of median sale prices for Brewster, Chatham, Harwich, and Orleans. Table 12. Residential Building Permit Data, 2017-2021 Single Family Permits Multi-Unit Permits23 Demolition Permits 2017 36 14 2018 41 7 22 2019 14 7 2020 22 4 2021 17 4 1 Source: Brewster Building Department, March 2022. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 30 $763,953 $200,000 $300,000 $400,000 $500,000 $600,000 $700,000 $800,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Figure 16. Median Single Family Sales Prices for Brewster and Comparison Geographies, 2010—2021 Source: Banker & Tradesman via The Warren Group Adjusted for Inflation to 2020 BREWSTER Lower Cape Barnstable County MA Linear Trend (Brewster)Linear Trend (Lower Cape) Linear Trend (Barnstable County)Linear Trend (MA) $365,000 $369,000 $397,500 $380,000 $374,900 $389,750 $415,000 $425,000 $450,000 $465,000 $519,500 $655,000 $251,487 $222,638 $241,029 $226,444 $241,744 $223,165 $255,925 $238,248 $275,744 $282,529 $285,000 $377,250 $200,000 $300,000 $400,000 $500,000 $600,000 $700,000 $800,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Figure 15. Brewster Median Sales Prices, 2010-2021 Source: Banker & Tradesman via The Warren Group Adjusted for Inflation to 2020 by Barrett Planning Group Single Family Condo Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 31 Property Taxes Property taxes are often an important consideration for perspective residents when deciding where to purchase a home and are often cited as a concern for many retired adults who must account for increasing property tax bills against a fixed income. Residential property invariably accounts for the largest percentage total assessed value in cities and towns, particularly for communities with a limited commercial base. In Brewster’s case, residential assessed values make up 94.5 percent of the total assessed value for FY2022, a higher share than all Cape communities except Truro, Wellfleet, and Eastham.27 While this speaks to the more rural character of Brewster that many residents cherish, it also means that property taxes may be more of a concern for residents. That said, despite Brewster’s limited commercial tax base, the average single family tax bill is consistently less than that of other Lower Cape communities, as shown in Figure 17.28 However, just because the average tax bill is lower in Brewster does not mean that the tax rate is lower. In fact, the residential tax rate for Brewster in 2022 is $7.85 per $1,000 in assessed value, higher than Chatham ($4.62) and Orleans ($7.20), although lower than Harwich ($8.11).29 Communities can adopt a “residential exemption” which results in an increased tax rate but allows owners of primary residences to deduct a predetermined amount from their property assessments before figuring taxes. This ultimately shifts the residential tax burden from year-round owners of moderately priced homes to owners of rental properties, vacation homes, and higher valued properties.30 Although this practice is more common among seasonal communities, only a few Cape communities have done so (most recently, Wellfleet, Truro, and Provincetown, with Barnstable having 27 “Assessed Values by Class,” FY 2022. Division of Local Services, Massachusetts Department of Revenue. 28 “Average Single Family Tax Bill,” FY2017-2022. Division of Local Services, Massachusetts Department of Revenue. 29 “Tax Rates by Class,” FY 2022. Division of Local Services, Massachusetts Department of Revenue. 30 Residential exemptions are authorized under MGL c. 59, §5C. 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 BREWSTER $4,073 $4,219 $4,499 $4,736 $4,838 $5,091 Chatham $4,389 $4,462 $4,651 $4,842 $5,030 $5,164 Harwich $4,261 $4,456 $4,698 $4,960 $5,029 $5,162 Orleans $4,799 $5,200 $5,992 $6,265 $6,593 $6,703 $4,000 $4,500 $5,000 $5,500 $6,000 $6,500 $7,000 Figure 17. Average Single Family Tax Bill for Lower Cape Communities, FY2017-2022 Source: Average Single Family Tax Bill, Division of Local Services, MA Department of Revenue Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 32 adopted the residential exemption in 2005). There is also a tipping point for primary owners of higher- value properties where they may end up with higher property tax bills despite the residence being their primary home; this would only occur if the amount subtracted from assessed value was not enough to counteract the increased tax rate, but this tradeoff is an important consideration as home values continue to rise. Market Rents Determining a true “market rent” range for Brewster is difficult because of the limited inventory of market rate rentals from which to draw data. Additionally, ACS data for gross rent includes subsidized units, which lowers the median. For understanding market rent, this section uses HUD’s 2022 Fair Market Rents (FMRs) for the Barnstable County Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). FMRs are “housing market-wide estimates of rents that provide opportunities to rent standard quality housing throughout the geographic area in which rental housing units are in competition.”31 Table 13 displays the FMRs by bedroom for Brewster’s MSA. Housing Market Projections According to the Cape Cod Commission’s 2017 Regional Housing Market Analysis, housing demand is expected to increase most dramatically in the over-65 age group through the year 2025, which corresponds with the continued population increase for this cohort.32 Additionally, while the total number of year-round housing units in Brewster is expected to continue to exceed the number second homes through 2025, the gap is anticipated to narrow; of the net 413 total housing units anticipated between 2015 and 2025, it is forecasted that 292 will be second homes compared to 131 year-round homes. 31 Code of Federal Regulations, § 888.113: “Fair market rents for existing housing: Methodology.” 32 Cape Cod Commission, Cape Cod Commission, Regional Housing Market Analysis and 10-Year Forecast of Housing Supply and Demand for Barnstable County, Massachusetts, 2017, Table 3.8, Page 60. Prepared by Crane Associates, Inc. and Economic Policy Resources. Table 13. 2022 Fair Market Rent (FMR), Barnstable County MSA Bedrooms Monthly FMR 1 br $1,428 2 br $1,879 3 br $2,323 4 br $2,548 Source: 2022 FMR for Barnstable Metropolitan MSA, HUD Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 33 HOUSING AFFORDABILITY Housing Cost Burden One metric for understanding housing affordability is housing cost burden. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) defines cost-burdened households as those paying more than 30 percent of their income toward housing costs, and severely cost-burdened households as those paying more than 50 percent. Cost-burdened households have fewer funds left over for other expenses such as food, transportation, clothing, childcare, and medical care. This strain makes it difficult for these households to “get ahead” financially as they struggle to meet these necessities, let alone establish savings. In Brewster, an estimated 31 percent of all households are cost-burdened compared to 35 percent for Barnstable County.33 Figure 18 displays the level of cost burden for households at different income levels using the Household Area Median Family Income (HAMFI, also abbreviated AMI for Area Median Income). While there is need at all levels, the lower income households are much more likely to be cost-burdened than households earning the median or higher. That said, there is still substantial need at levels over 80 percent AMI, and these households are not eligible for subsidized housing designated for households earning 80 percent AMI or less. In addition, the dataset used to analyze cost burden (Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy [CHAS] data) lags by several years and likely underrepresents cost burden in today’s housing market. Housing affordability gaps (discussed further below) use more current data and provide another metric of housing attainability. 33 Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data, 2014-2018. Note that these figures include severely cost-burdened households. Breaking it down further, an estimated 20 percent of Brewster households are cost-burdened at 31-50 percent and 11 percent are severely cost-burdened at over 50 percent. At the County level, 19 percent of households are cost-burdened at 31-50 percent and 16 percent are severely cost-burdened at over 50 percent. 21%20% 75% 70% 87% 26% 49% 17%21% 13%53%31%8%9% 1% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Extremely Low Income (Up to 30% HAMFI) Very Low Income (31-50% HAMFI) Low Income (51-80% HAMFI) Moderate Income (81-100% HAMFI) Median Income or Higher (≥100% HAMFI) Figure 18. Housing Cost Burden by Income Level -All Households Source: CHAS, 2014-2018 No Cost Burden Cost Burden 31%-50%Cost Burden > 50% Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 34 HOUSEHOLD TYPES MOST AFFECTED BY COST BURDEN Among low-to-moderate (LMI) households, 58 percent of households experience some degree of cost burden compared to 17 percent of non-LMI households. Tables 14A and 14B highlight the household types most affected by housing cost burden, with “somewhat cost-burdened” defined as paying more than 30 percent but less than or equal to 50 percent of household income on housing costs, and “severely cost-burdened” as paying more than 50 percent. Large families are most likely to be somewhat cost-burdened, whereas “other” LMI household types such as single householders under 62 or living in nonfamily housing situations are most likely to be severely cost-burdened. Table 14A. Estimated Percentage of Cost-Burdened Households by Household Type, LMI Households LMI Households Somewhat Cost- Burdened LMI Households % Of Household Type Severely Cost- Burdened LMI Households % Of Household Type Elderly family (2 persons, with either or both age 62 or over) 385 115 29.9% 90 23.4% Elderly non-family 530 125 23.6% 135 25.5% Large family (5 or more persons) 30 15 50.0% 0 0.0% Small family (2 persons, neither person 62 years or over, or 3 or 4 persons) 250 120 48.0% 40 16.0% Other 280 60 21.4% 155 55.4% Total LMI Households 1,475 435 29.5% 28.5% 28.5% Table 14B. Estimated Percentage of Cost-Burdened Households by Household Type, Non-LMI Households Non-LMI Households Somewhat Cost- Burdened Non- LMI Households % Of Household Type Severely Cost- Burdened LMI Households % Of Household Type Elderly family (2 persons, with either or both age 62 or over) 820 165 20.1% 10 1.2% Elderly non-family 340 50 14.7% 30 3.7% Large family (5 or more persons) 185 60 32.4% 0 0.0% Small family (2 persons, neither person 62 years or over, or 3 or 4 persons) 1175 120 10.2% 15 1.8% Other (non-elderly non-family) 295 10 3.4% 10 1.2% Total Non-LMI Households 2,815 405 14.4% 65 2.3% Source: Detailed CHAS Tables, 2014-2018, Table 7 Table 15 below shows maximum monthly housing costs that would prevent cost burden at different income levels. This table uses HUD’s FY 2022 income limits, which are used to determine eligibility for certain assisted housing programs and are calculated up to 80 percent AMI, and income limits up to 100 percent AMI as determined by the Massachusetts Housing Partnership (MHP). For additional reference, Appendix B correlates income levels to different jobs to provide context. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 35 Housing Affordability Mismatch: Owners An estimated 29 percent of homeowner households in Brewster experience some degree of cost burden, with 17 percent considered cost-burdened and 12 percent severely cost-burdened. Table 16 breaks cost burden for owner households by income level, with the highest value in each cost- burdened category emphasized. Very low- and extremely low-income owner households are the most likely to experience cost burden, although a significant amount of households earning over 80 percent of the HAMFI are also cost-burdened. These households would not be eligible for any current subsidized units in Brewster at this income level. Table 15. FY 2022 Income Limits and Maximum Affordable Housing Payments Extremely Low Income (Up to 30% AMI) Very Low Income (Up to 50% AMI) Low Income (Up to 80% AMI) Moderate Income (Up to 100% AMI) HUD Income Limit Max. Affordable Housing Payment HUD Income Limit Max. Affordable Housing Payment HUD Income Limit Max. Affordable Housing Payment MHP Income Limit Max. Affordable Housing Payment Ho u s e h o l d S i z e 1 $22,850 $571 $38,050 $951 $60,900 $2,284 $76,100 $1,903 2 $26,100 $653 $43,500 $1,088 $69,600 $2,610 $87,000 $2,175 3 $29,350 $734 $48,950 $1,224 $78,300 $2,936 $97,850 $2,446 4 $32,600 $815 $54,350 $1,359 $86,950 $3,261 $108,700 $2,718 5 $35,250 $881 $58,700 $1,468 $93,950 $3,523 $117,400 $2,935 6 $37,850 $946 $63,050 $1,576 $100,900 $3,784 $126,100 $3,153 7 $41,910 $1,048 $67,400 $1,685 $107,850 $4,044 $134,800 $3,370 8 $46,630 $1,166 $71,750 $1,794 $114,800 $4,305 $143,500 $3,588 Source: HUD Income Limits, 2022; Massachusetts Housing Partnership (MHP) ONE Mortgage Program 2022 Income Limits, and Barrett Planning Group. MHP Income Limits are extrapolated from HUD Income Limits. Maximum affordable housing payment calculation based on 30% of the annual income level divided by twelve. Table 16. Income by Cost Burden (Owners Only) Income Level No Cost Burden Cost burden 30%-49% Cost burden > 50% Extremely Low Income (Up to 30% HAMFI) 6% 10% 84% Very Low Income (31-50% HAMFI) 19% 47% 34% Low Income (51-80% HAMFI) 75% 16% 9% Moderate Income (81-100% HAMFI) 70% 20% 10% Median Income or Higher (≥ 100% HAMFI) 86% 13% 1% All Incomes 71% 17% 12% Source: Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data, 2014-2018 Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 36 Another method for understanding housing affordability is the affordability gap, which is the difference between a purchase price (or rent) and what a household can afford. Based on Brewster’s current property tax rate and industry standards for housing affordability, mortgage terms, insurance rates, and other factors, households earning the HUD-defined Area Median Family Income (HAMFI, $115,600) likely could not currently afford to purchase a single-family home in Brewster at the current median sale price, as shown in Table 17. Housing Affordability Mismatch: Renters Brewster renters are more likely to experience cost burden than homeowners, with an estimated 41% of renter households experiencing some degree of cost burden. Table 1 below breaks cost burden for renter households by income level, with the highest value in each cost-burdened category emphasized. The limitations of CHAS data become apparent in the table below, as the sample size shrinks when looking at Brewster’s limited number of renter households (an estimated 535 total for the most recent year CHAS data is available). Just as for homeowners, there is a substantial number of cost-burdened households earning over 80 percent area median income who would be ineligible for a traditional subsidized income but are nonetheless financially strained due to housing costs. In Brewster’s case, very low levels of cost burden in higher income levels (equal to or greater than 100 percent of the HAMFI) can also indicate another issue facing households: an insufficient supply of market rate rental units. There may be households who could afford market rate rentals, but the supply is not there. Thus, the sample size remains very small (an estimated 110 renter households at this income level), making the margin of error more substantial. While any true 0- or 100-percent figure is unlikely, this data still highlights the general trend that renter households earning at least 100 percent of the area median income are much less likely to experience cost burden — and that the very limited supply of market rate rentals accordingly limits the number of renter households at this income level. Table 18. Income by Cost Burden (Renters Only)* Income Level Not Cost Burdened Cost burden 30%-49% Cost burden > 50% Extremely Low Income (Up to 30% HAMFI) 46% 49% 6% Very Low Income (31-50% HAMFI) 22% 57% 22% Low Income (51-80% HAMFI) 78% 22% 0% Moderate Income (81-100% HAMFI) 63% 38% 0% Median Income or Higher (≥ 100% HAMFI) 100% 0% 0% All Incomes 59% 35% 7% Source: Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data, 2014-2018. *Any 0- or 100-percent figure is unlikely due to margin of error and small sample size. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 37 In terms of the rental affordability gap, a household renting a 2-bedroom unit at the FMR ($1,879) should have a household income of approximately $75,000 to avoid housing cost burden, yet the estimated median household income of renter households in Brewster is $35,000.34 Chapter 40B Subsidized Housing Inventory Also known as the Comprehensive Permit Law, Chapter 40B of Massachusetts General Law was enacted to provide for a regionally fair distribution of affordable housing for people with low or moderate incomes. Units created under Chapter 40B remain affordable over time because a deed restriction limits resale prices and rents for many years, if not in perpetuity. The law establishes a statewide goal that at least 10 percent of the housing units in every municipality will be deed restricted affordable housing to ensure that all communities meet the “regional fair share” of low- or moderate- income housing. Other options for measuring “fair share” include a general land area minimum and an annual land disturbance standard.35 Chapter 40B authorizes the Zoning Board of Appeals (ZBA) to grant a comprehensive permit to pre- qualified developers to build affordable housing.36 A comprehensive permit covers all the approvals required under local bylaws and regulations, streamlining the application process. Under Chapter 40B, the ZBA can waive local requirements and (a) approve, (b) conditionally approve, or (c) deny a comprehensive permit; however, developers may appeal to the state Housing Appeals Committee (HAC) if their application has been denied in a community that does not meet one of the three statutory determinants of “consistent with local needs.” During its deliberations, the ZBA must balance the regional need for affordable housing against valid local concerns such as public health and safety, environmental resources, traffic, or design. Nonetheless, Chapter 40B tips the balance in favor of housing needs in towns that do not meet one the three statutory tests. In addition, ZBAs cannot subject a comprehensive permit project to requirements that “by right” developments do not have to meet. The 10 percent statutory minimum is based on the total number of year-round housing units in the most recent decennial census. In seasonal communities the number of year-round housing units is significantly lower than the total housing unit count. In Brewster the 10 percent minimum is currently 480 units and is based upon the 2010 Census year-round housing count for Brewster (4,803). At 5.58 percent, Brewster currently falls short of the 10 percent minimum; to meet that standard, the Town would need an additional 212 units based on its current SHI, although this will change when the 2020 Census year-round housing count is released. Three projects have recently been permitted and are expected to add a total of fifty-nine units to the SHI in 2022. These projects include Serenity at Brewster (twenty-seven rental units for adults 55+ or older), Brewster Woods (thirty rental units), and Red Top (two ownership units developed by Habitat for Humanity). Map 10 and Table 19 provide an overview of the Town’s current SHI profile. Of the eighteen total projects either currently on the SHI or anticipated to be added to the SHI, nine were developed under Chapter 40B. Appendix C provides 34 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2016-2020, Table B25119. 35 The general land area minimum applies if SHI-eligible units have been developed on sites comprising 1.5 percent or more of the total land area zoned for residential, commercial, or industrial use; the annual land disturbance threshold applies if a comprehensive permit application would lead to the construction of SHI-eligible units on sites comprising more than 0.3 percent of the total land area zoned for residential, commercial, or industrial use or ten acres – whichever is greater – in one calendar year. 36 A “pre-qualified developer” has obtained a “Project Eligibility” letter from a state housing agency. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 38 additional information about the Town’s SHI units including funding sources, number of bedrooms, and other details. Table 19. Current Subsidized Housing Inventory and Anticipated Future Units Current SHI Units Name Location Type Units Affordability Expires 40B Comprehensive Permit? N/A Frederick Court Rental 32 Perp No Huckleberry Lane Huckleberry Lane Rental 12 Perp No Huckleberry Lane Huckleberry Lane Rental 12 Perp No Belmont Park Belmont Park Drive Ownership 20 Perp Yes Great Fields Affordable Housing Great Fields Road Ownership 2 Perp No King's Landing Underpass Road Rental 108 2033 No Yankee Village Signal Hill Circle Ownership 12 2045 Yes Frederick Court Expansion Wells Court Rental 24 Perp Yes Yankee Drive II Yankee Drive Ownership 3 2102 Yes Eagle Point Turning Mill Rd Rental 3 2040 No DDS Group Homes Confidential Rental 12 N/A No Habitat for Humanity James Burr Road Ownership 4 Perp Yes Tubman Road/Hush Way - Habitat for Humanity Tubman Road, Hush Way Ownership 14 Perp No Brewster Landing Sachemus Path Ownership 7 Perp Yes White Rock South Orleans Rd Ownership 3 Perp Yes Total SHI Current Units 268 Anticipated Future Units Name Location Type Units Affordability Expires 40B Comprehensive Permit? Brewster Woods Brewster Road Rental 30 Perp Yes Serenity at Brewster Harwich Road Rental 27 Perp No Red Top - Habitat for Humanity Red Top Road Ownership 2 Perp Yes Total Anticipated Units 59 Anticipated Total, 2022 327 Town of Brewster Map 10. Subsidized Housing Inventory May 2022; Source: Town of Brewster, MassGIS, and MassDOT I I I I <J> 0 '.'.; (1) (1) -0 (1) 0 -... 0 0.5 N 1 Miles long 2 - 7 0 8 -14 0 15 -24 0 25 - 32 033-108 0 Ownership • Rental ( ORLEANS " "' 0 o' ::, 0 Vl f I MassDOT Major Roads U.S. Highway State Route -Millstone Road Community Housing Parcel* Non-numbered Road OpenSpace: Level of Protection D Town of Brewster In Perpetuity Water Limited -7 L - Wetlands Surrounding Towns *Designated for community housing: application for 45 rental units current� under consideration Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 40 BARRIERS TO DEVELOPMENT The following section discusses the most significant constraints that may affect Brewster’s ability to address affordable housing and year-round housing needs. In Housing Production Plans, terms such as “barriers” or “constraints” are typically used as a value-neutral way to describe factors that objectively limit housing development. While some “barriers” such as sensitive environmental areas or historic resources can be considered constraints on development, they are also valuable community assets — moreover, these barriers are unlikely to change if under special protections. Other “barriers” can be remedied or improved upon, particularly those stemming from local regulations and policies under the community’s direct control. Environmental Constraints Information for this section is summarized from 2021 Open Space and Recreation Plan (OSRP), unless otherwise noted.37 TOPOGRAPHY Brewster and the Cape were first formed when ice withdrew from the area of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket at the end of the last ice age. This glacier movement deposited hundreds of feet of unconsolidated material in the area where the Cape is now located. Most of Brewster is comprised of the Harwich Outwash Plain, a relatively flat are area caused by meltwater streams flowing off the front of a receding glacier. Large blocks of ice left by the retreating glacier settled and were surrounded by sediments deposited in outwash streams. These buried ice blocks finished melting long after the outwash plains were formed, resulting in kettle-hole ponds where the ice blocks left holes large enough to intersect the water table. In contrast to the relatively flat outwash plain areas making up much of Brewster, areas of higher elevation in the northwestern part of town are characterized by less well sorted sediments of varying particle sizes, including many boulders. Ultimately, this glacial history explains why most of Brewster is composed of sandy glacial deposits, with limited areas of more varied topography and pockets of wetlands, bogs, and clay. SOILS Soil types are broken into four categories (Groups A, B, C, D) depending on their level of permeability, with Group A soils having the highest rate of water transmission and Group D soils having a very slow infiltration rate. “Carver Association,” a Group A soil, comprises more than 75 percent of the town's soils and has coarse lower layers that act as a reservoir for underground water replenished by precipitation. However, the downside of a highly permeable soil is that it also allows septage, contaminated road runoff, and other pollutants to quickly flow through the soil into the drinking water supply. The remaining 25 percent of soils in the Town are wet soils, low-permeability soils, wetlands, and surface waters.38 37 Town of Brewster, Open Space & Recreation Plan. Prepared by the Town of Brewster, Horsley Witten Group, and The Cape Cod Commission. Conditionally approved January 2021; updated January 2022. 38 Ibid., Page 35. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 41 WATER RESOURCES Watersheds. Located within the Cape Cod Watershed, the Town of Brewster encompasses six embayment watersheds that it shares with neighboring jurisdictions. These include the Cape Cod Bay, Herring River, Namskaket Creek, Pleasant Bay, Quivett Creek, and Stony Brook watersheds. Brewster also contains a very small portion of the Bass River watershed. In Brewster, much of the focus has been on the Pleasant Bay watershed, as Brewster’s nitrogen contribution is far greater to Pleasant Bay than it is to Herring River or Bass River. As such, the Pleasant Bay Watershed has been included in Brewster’s Water Resources bylaw, while the Herring River and Bass River Watersheds have not. Surface Waters: Freshwater Lakes and Ponds. Freshwater ponds are a major defining feature of Brewster. Over ten percent (or over 2,000 acres) of the Town's surface area is covered by approximately eighty freshwater ponds, providing Brewster with the largest pond area on the Cape. The 743-acre Long Pond shared with Harwich is the Cape's largest, while Cliff Pond with a depth of 84 feet is the deepest. At least eleven of Brewster’s ponds are suitable for public swimming. Marine Surface Waters. Brewster’s marine resources exist primarily on the north shore along Cape Cod Bay. A small section of Brewster borders Pleasant Bay to the south, although there is no landing. While there are no large estuaries in Brewster, there are some substantial creeks including Paine's, Quivett and Namskaket. Nine of the ten saltwater beaches along Cape Cod Bay are accessible from a street connecting to Main Street (Route 6A), and one is accessible by trail. At low tide, Brewster’s beaches become a part of expansive tidal flats that extend ¾ of a mile out into Cape Cod Bay. Aquifer Recharge Areas. The town’s groundwater system, like the whole of Cape Cod, is replenished entirely by precipitation. Brewster’s drinking water supply source is its underground sole source aquifer, the Cape Cod Aquifer. This resource is comprised of six lenses, including the Monomoy Lens, which provides water to the Towns of Brewster, Dennis, Harwich, Chatham, and Orleans. The Town of Brewster owns the land of the “Zone I” areas for all of the town’s drinking water wells. Zone I is the protective radius required around a public water supply well or wellfield, which is 400 feet for drinking water wells with approved yields of over 100,000 gallons per day. A Zone II is the area of an aquifer which contributes water to a well under the most severe pumping and recharge conditions that can be realistically anticipated (i.e., 180 days of pumping at approved yield with no recharge from precipitation). Any contamination of groundwater in a Zone II could impact drinking water quality at the public well drawing water from that area. Land acquisition in the Zone II areas to public drinking water wells is a proactive approach to protecting drinking water quality. Of the 4,360 acres (excluding surface water ponds) of Zone II areas in Brewster, 40 percent is protected as conservation land in the form of Town- and state-owned properties, conservation restrictions, and other conservation mechanisms. Brewster’s Zone I and II areas are displayed in Map 12. FLOOD HAZARD AREAS As a participant in the Federal Flood Insurance Program, Brewster is required to ensure that new shorefront development meets engineering standards for flood proofing; however, development in these areas is not outright prohibited. Map 11 displays Brewster’s flood zones, and Brewster’s Floodplain District (Section 179-7 of the Zoning Bylaw) is further described in the Regulatory Considerations section of this document. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 42 WETLANDS AND WILDLIFE HABITAT Wetlands cover more than 20 percent of Brewster’s land area, with a total of 12,840 saltwater wetlands and 553 acres of freshwater wetlands. Brewster’s saltwater wetlands consist of salt marshes, tidal flats and barrier beaches, while its freshwater wetlands include sensitive Atlantic White Cedar, Red Maple and shrub swamps, bogs, vernal pools and other wetlands. The Town’s Wetlands Protection Bylaw is included in Section 172 of the Town’s General Bylaws, and Section 179-6 of the Zoning Bylaw established the Town’s Wetlands Conservancy District. Map 11 shows Brewster’s wetlands by type, in addition to the two Areas of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC) within Brewster — the Inner Cape Cod Bay ACEC and the Pleasant Bay ACEC. Designated by the Secretary of Energy and Environmental Affairs, ACECs first receive initial nomination at the community level for the quality, uniqueness, and significance of their natural and cultural resources. Upon designation, ACECs require stricter environmental review of certain kinds of proposed development under state jurisdiction within the ACEC boundaries. Brewster’s abundant natural resources make it home to a variety of wildlife, with the Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP) identifying much of the Town’s land cover as “Critical Natural Landscape,” defined as intact landscapes better able to support ecological processes and a wide array of species and habitats over long timeframes. While this designation does not carry any regulatory restrictions along with it, for planning purposes, it helps frame which areas to target for development versus preservation of contiguous natural habitat. In Brewster’s case, much of the Critical Natural Landscape areas are already protected to varying degrees under conservation restrictions or as part of the DCPC. PROTECTED OPEN SPACE Protected open space or permanently restricted lands include those acquired by conservation restrictions, trust and gifts, town purchases, and tax takings. According to the 2021 Open Space and Recreation Plan, Brewster has over 2,200 acres of large State and non-profit open space and recreational holdings, such as Nickerson State Park, Camp Monomoy land acquired by the state, Brewster Conservation Trust lands, Orenda Wildlife Trust, and the Cape Cod Rail Trail. Additionally, lands associated with public buildings (e.g., Elementary Schools, Old Town Hall, Fire/Police Station, Town Hall) and privately-held lands currently under Chapter 61, 61A, and 61B enhance the Town’s open space and rural character. Town of Brewster Map 11. Environmental Concerns May 2022; Source: Town of Brewster, MassGIS, and MassDOT I I <J> 0 '.'.; (1) (1) -0 (1) 0 -... 0 0.5 N 1 Area of Critical Concern � Inner Cape Cod Bay � Pleasant Bay District of Critical Planning Concern D Brewster Water District Flood Zone Designations A: I% Annual Chance of Flooding, no BFE AE: I% Annual Chance of Flooding, with BFE -VE: High Risk Coastal Area X: 0.2% Annual Chance of Flooding / Wetland Types Marsh/Bog Wooded marsh l"'y .,.s.., Cranberry Bog Salt Marsh Open Water Tidal Flats � .... ,:ir.,. ' �-,!� Beach/Dune ORLEANS ::, 0 Vl In Perpetuity Limited MassDOT Major Roads U.S. Highway State Route Non-numbered Road D Town of Brewster - 7 Surrounding Towns L - Water Town of Brewster Map 12. Water Resources & Protection May 2022; Source: Town of Brewster, MassGIS, and MassDOT 0 0.5 1 Miles I Long Po�, sDr111e 0. � A_ 1 J;' Wellhead Protection Areas �\ � D DEP Approved Zone I HARWl6hl 1 D DEP Approved Zone II \ DIWPA --- -Title S Setbacks OpenSpace: Level of Protection In Perpetuiry Limited MassDOT Major Roads U.S. Highway State Route Non-numbered Road D Town of Brewster Water - 7 L - Wetlands Surrounding Towns Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 45 Infrastructure Considerations Information for this section is summarized from 2021 Open Space and Recreation Plan (OSRP), unless otherwise noted. WATER AND WASTEWATER Drinking Water. As described in the previous “Water Resources” section, drinking water in Brewster originates from the Cape Cod Aquifer, a sole source aquifer. Drinking water comes through public wells owned and operated by the Brewster Water Department, as well as a number of private wells owned and operated by individual homeowners and businesses. The Town has five groundwater wells pumping water from the Monomoy Lens, with each well site having large Town-owned tracts of land surrounding them for water quality protection. Activity is restricted to passive recreation on Town wellfield acreage.39 In addition to acquisition of lands for the protection of drinking water supplies, the town has also developed regulations that further the protection of these lands. Most notable is Brewster’s Water Quality Protection zoning bylaw (Article XI), which restricts development within Zone I and Zone II areas and imposes performance standards on development within the District of Critical Planning Concern (DCPC). The DCPC is a powerful planning tool that allows a town to adopt special rules and regulations to protect natural resources in defined areas, with the Cape Cod Commission responsible for recommending nominated DCPCs for official designation by the Barnstable County Assembly of Delegates. Brewster’s DCPC, designated by the Cape Cod Commission in 2008, includes the Town’s Zone I and Zone II areas as well as the Pleasant Bay Watershed. The Town’s wells and the protective areas surrounding them are displayed on Map 11. Wastewater. Because Brewster is not served with public sewers or private sewage treatment facilities, wastewater discharges in Brewster are mostly from individual onsite septic systems. To address these impacts of wastewater-associated pollutants and lawn fertilizers on groundwater and surface water resources, the town has been involved in a multi-phase Integrated Water Resource Management Plan (IWRMP). This project is currently in Phase III, which will include an examination and prioritization of wastewater management alternatives identified in Phase II of the project. TRANSPORTATION Public Transit. The Cape Cod Regional Transit Authority (CCRTA) provides public transportation services for all fifteen Cape Cod communities. The CCRTA Harwich-Provincetown Flex Bus provides daily bus service along Routes 137 and 6A in Brewster, with fixed stops at Snow Road/Underpass Road and the Senior Center. Riders can flag the bus down along its route and can also schedule the bus “flex” stops up to three-quarters of a mile (by reservation) to serve people who have difficulty getting to a regular bus stop. The Flex Bus route runs from Harwich up to Provincetown and connects with other CCRTA routes, as well as the Plymouth & Brockton bus service to Boston. 39 Town of Brewster Water Department, “2020 Annual Water Quality Report.” Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 46 DART Service (Dial-A-Ride, a demand response service) is a fare-based door-to-door, ride by appointment transportation service offered by the CCRTA in all fifteen Cape communities Monday through Saturday, with limited service on Sunday. Roadways. Brewster is located midway on Cape Cod and is accessible by major highways (Route 6, 6A, 124 and 137). Route 6A extends the length of Brewster and is Brewster's Main Street. It is a designated scenic road and also registered as the Old King's Highway National Register District, which protects it from pressure to accommodate increased traffic that would diminish the roadway's historically valuable character. According to the 2021 Open Space and Recreation Plan, “Pressure increases each year to expand the roadway to accommodate bike traffic and reconfigure some intersections where left hand turns cause back-ups in traffic. Attempts to expand the paved width of roads to accommodate pedestrian, bike, and skate traffic have been met with strong opposition from abutters to the road.”40 Sidewalks & Pedestrian Paths. As noted in the 2017 HPP, Brewster does not many public sidewalks, and the sidewalks that exist are incomplete. While many pedestrian paths run along portions of these roads, shoulders tend to be narrow and somewhat steep, with utility poles, trees, and smaller vegetation interrupting the pathways and sidewalks. The 2021 OSRP notes that while Brewster many walking trails and informal walkways throughout its conservation land, these pathways currently do not provide alternative means of transportation without connecting to destination points, other links, or modes of transportation. Linking these recreational resources and facilities with safe pedestrian or bike paths could eliminate a significant amount of vehicular traffic in the future. In 2015, Town Meeting approved a $10M road bond to undertake several road reconstruction projects. After completing upgrades to Underpass and Snow Roads, the Town began to plan for similar upgrades to Millstone Road. As of February 2022, this project as planned will include ADA-compliant sidewalk along Millstone Road. Bikeways. The 22-mile Cape Cod Rail Trail (CCRT) provides passage through the Town from Dennis to South Wellfleet. The CCRT is about six miles long in Brewster and is the only designated bike path in town. It is heavily used and serves as a primary corridor, with thousands of bicyclists, hikers, and riders using the trail each year. Nickerson State Park also has an eight-mile bike path, which connects to the CCRT. While cyclists also ride along local roads, this is dangerous and illustrates the need for local and roadside bike lanes. SCHOOLS The Town of Brewster’s public schools consist of two elementary schools: Eddy Elementary School (grades 3-5) and Stony Brook Elementary School (grades PK-2). Located off Underpass Road, Stonybrook Elementary was built in 1973. In 1999, the town constructed Eddy Elementary on Main Street to meet increased student enrollment and projections. The Town is now considering a 40 Town of Brewster, Open Space & Recreation Plan. Prepared by the Town of Brewster, Horsley Witten Group, and The Cape Cod Commission. Conditionally approved January 2021; updated January 2022. Page 25. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 47 consolidation of its elementary schools due to declining enrollment (see Figure 19), and future projections anticipating similar trends.41, 42 Special Needs. The Brewster Elementary Schools do not appear to have disproportionate over- representation of special needs populations. Approximately 18.9 percent of the elementary student population in Brewster has disabilities, compared with 19.1 percent statewide. The percentage of English Language Learners is significantly lower for Brewster’s schools (4.1 percent) than the state (11.0 percent).43 Nauset Regional Public School System. Brewster is part of the Nauset Regional Public School System for middle school and high school, with both schools located in other towns; Nauset Regional Middle School (grades 6-8) is located in Orleans, and Nauset Regional High School (grades 9-12) is located in Eastham. The district consists of students from the four towns that comprise the region (Brewster, Eastham, Orleans, and Wellfleet), together with tuition agreement students from Provincetown and Truro and school choice students from other towns on the Cape. According to data provided by the district, the total enrollment for the 2021-2022 school year was 1,390 for both schools, with 36 percent of students coming from Brewster. 41 While enrollment increased from 2021 to 2022, it is possible that the significant drop in 2021 was due to the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting increase in the number of homeschooling families. As such, it is also important to look at the overall trendline (dotted in Figure 19). 42 Town of Brewster, Elementary Schools Master Plan. Prepared by Habeeb & Associates Architects for the Town of Brewster, December 31, 2021. 43 Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, Brewster Schools Profile. 350 400 450 500 550 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Figure 19. School Enrollment for Brewster's Elementary Schools, 2010-2022 Source: MA Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, District Profile Total Enrollment Linear (Total Enrollment) Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 48 Regulatory Considerations ZONING As noted in the 2017 HPP, The Brewster Zoning Bylaw includes minimal provisions to encourage the creation of affordable housing or multifamily housing. Most land is zoned for lower density residential development (see Table 20 and Map 13), requiring minimum lot sizes of at least 60,000 square feet (RL and RM) or 100,000 square feet (see Table 22). The CH and VB districts allow residential and commercial uses, and the I districts allow residential, wholesale, manufacturing, and industrial uses. Table 21 below shows the residential uses allowed in each district, with “P” indicating that a use is allowed by right and “P” indicating uses that require a special permit. Table 21. Uses Regulations for Residential Uses P = Permitted Use, S = Special Permit Use Type of Residential Use RR RL RM CH VB I Accessory residential building P P P P P - Accessory commercial dwelling unit (ACDU) - - - S S - Accessory single-family dwelling unit (ADU) on 30,000+ sq ft lot P P P S S - Accessory single-family dwelling unit (ADU) on < 30,000 sq ft lot S S S S S - Affordable multifamily dwelling units (AMFDU) - - - P - - Cluster residential development S S S - - - Construction trailer P P P P P P Major residential development S S S S - - Multifamily dwelling - - - S - - One-family detached dwelling unit P P P - P - One-family security dwelling - - - P P P Planned residential development - S S - - - Row or town houses - - - S - - Subsidized elderly housing S S S S - - Source: Town of Brewster Zoning Bylaw, Section 179: Attachment 1 Use Regulations. Table 20. Brewster Zoning Districts % Land by Parcel % Area Zoned Residential Rural (RR) 53.3% 48.4% Residential Low Density (RL) 7.0% 12.8% Residential Medium Density (RM) 33.1% 34.6% Commercial High Density (CH) 2.5% 1.8% Village Business (VB) 4.0% 0.6% Industrial (I) 0.1% 1.5% Municipal Refuse District (MRD) 0.0% 0.3% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% Sources: Town of Brewster GIS and Assessor’s Records Town of Brewster Map 13. Zoning Map (Unofficial) May 2022; Source: Town of Brewster, MassGIS, and MassDOT I I I I <J> 0 '.'.; (1) (1) -0 (1) 0 -... N 0 0.5 1 Miles 0 HARWICH � ZONE D Residential Rural -RR D Residential Low Density -RL D Residential Medium Density -RM D Commercial High Density -CH D Village Business -VB Industrial - I D Municipal Refuse District -MRD ORLEANS " "' 0 o' ::, 0 Vl f I / MassDOT Major Roads U.S. Highway State Route Non-numbered Road D Town of Brewster - 7 Surrounding Towns L - Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 50 Accessory Residential Uses. Town’s current ADU bylaw (Section 179-42.2) was passed in 2018 an allows homeowners in the Town’s residential districts to add an accessory dwelling unit (ADU) by right on lots over 30,000 square feet, and by special permit on smaller lots, lots within the CH or VB districts, or within certain water protection areas.44 Additionally, the ACDU bylaw (Section 179-42.3) allows property owners to add an accessory dwelling unit to a commercial property by special permit in the CH and VB zoning districts. The current bylaws requires that ADUs and ACDUs not be more than 40 percent of the habitable area of the primary building, or 900 square feet, whichever is smaller. Despite passing these bylaws in 2018, the Town retained an older special permit provision for “accessory residential buildings” as a residential use in the Use Regulations and “accessory apartments” as a footnote in the zoning bylaw’s Area Regulations. Dwelling units created under this provision are allowed by special permit in all residential districts, as well as the CH and VB districts, with a lower maximum unit size of 600 square feet. Other Residential Uses Permitted. Assisted Living Facilities and Nursing Homes are allowed in all three residential districts through a special permit, and they are permitted by right in the CH district. Assisted Living Facilities are defined in the Brewster Zoning Bylaw as a “combination of housing, supportive services, personalized assistance, and health care designed to respond to the individual needs of those who need help with activities of daily living….” Nursing Homes are defined as a “home for the aged, chronically ill, persons requiring care or incurable persons in which three or more persons, not of the immediate family, are received, kept or provided with food and shelter or care for compensation….” Lodging Houses are allowed in all three of the residential zoning districts through a special permit, and they are permitted by right in the CH and VB districts. Lodging Houses are defined in the Brewster Zoning Bylaw as a “structure originally designed for single-family use which may be converted to provide rooms (not more than twelve) for the use of one or more individuals not living as a single housekeeping unit and may provide a common dining facility. It shall include boarding house, tourist homes, and rooming houses but does not include motels or hotels.” Area, Height, and Bulk Regulations. As noted above, Brewster has large lot size requirements, with the three residential districts from about one and a third acre to two and a third acres. Different lot coverage requirements distinguish the RL and RM districts, with the former having a maximum of 20 percent building coverage and the latter 25 percent. Multifamily Dwellings. The Town’s Zoning Bylaw defines multifamily dwellings as “a building containing three or more dwelling units,” without distinguishing further between smaller multi-unit residential buildings (e.g., 4-8 units) and larger developments. Multifamily dwellings are only allowed by special permit in the CH districts and have a stricter lot coverage limits than other uses allowed in the district (25 percent of buildable uplands within a lot for multifamily compared to 40 percent for other uses in the CH).45 Multifamily dwellings are also allowed by special permit in a Planned 44 Sections 179-42.2, Paragraph B: “An ADU may be located within a Zone II (Zone of Contribution to a Public Drinking Water Well), in the watershed of the Herring River, or the watershed to Pleasant Bay, subject to approval of a Special Permit by the Zoning Board of Appeals. All ADUs within these areas shall be required to install advanced nitrogen treatment septic systems, if deemed necessary.” 45 Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 51 Residential Development (PRD) under Section 179-36 of the Zoning Bylaw. PRDs, which require twenty-five acres of contiguous buildable area, and are described further in the “Alternative Development Patterns” section below. Table 21. Area, Height, and Bulk Regulations District Use Min. Lot Size (Square Feet) *Max. Building Coverage of Lot Area Lot Frontage (Feet) Front (Feet) Side (Feet) Rear (Feet) RR Any permitted structure or principal use 100,000 plus 100,000 for second unit of duplex 15% 200 40 25 25 RL Any permitted structure or principal use 60,000 plus 60,000 for second unit of duplex 20% 150 40 25 25 RM Any permitted structure or principal use 60,000 plus 60,000 for second unit of duplex 25% 150 40 25 25 CH Row Commercial 40,000 40% 150 30 20 20 CH Multifamily dwellings 130,000 plus 10,000 per bedroom 25% 200 100 30 30 CH Hotel and motel 130,000 plus 2,000 per bedroom 40% 200 100 30 30 CH Row house or townhouse 130,000 plus 10,000 per bedroom 40% 200 100 30 30 CH Any other permitted structure or principal use 15,000 40% 80 30 15 15 VB Any permitted structure or principal use 15,000 30% 80 30 15 15 I Any permitted structure or use, other than those listed for CH Zone 20,000 50% 100 30 15 40 Source: Town of Brewster Zoning Bylaw, Section 179: Attachment 2, Area Regulations and Attachment 3, Height and Bulk Regulations *For CH and I districts, the lot coverage is based upon buildable uplands within a lot; for all other districts, lot coverage is based upon total lot area. For all districts, maximum building height is 30 feet. ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS Cluster Development. Section 179-35 under Article IX provides for cluster residential development, which is intended to allow flexibility in lot sizes and building arrangements while maintaining the existing character of the town. Cluster residential development, however, is only permitted by special use permit granted by the Planning Board. Any parcel of at least ten acres in size in the RR, RL, and RM districts may be used for a cluster development and divided into lots for a single-family residential Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 52 use, and the basic number of dwelling units may not exceed the number of units which could be developed with a conventional plan for land in the RR, RL, or RM districts. Major Residential Development. Also under Article IX, Section 179-35.2 allows for major residential development, permitted by special use permit from the Planning Board. The Planning Board may authorize flexible development within a major residential development, including the provision that each lot shall have an area of at least half that required under Table 2.2 of Section 179-16 – Area Regulations. The Planning Board may also approve a density bonus for major residential developments for up to 15 percent more units than the basic number of maximum dwelling units to encourage development of affordable units. Such an approval must be satisfactory to the Brewster Housing Authority and include long-term income eligibility restrictions that meet the guidelines of state or federal housing programs. Subsidized elderly housing is also allowed in a major residential development. As a condition of the special permit, the Planning Board may require a development schedule limiting the rate of development. In no event can a development be limited to fewer than six lots or dwelling units per year or be obliged to spread development out over more than eight years. Planned Residential Development. Section 179-36 under Article IX allows for Planned Residential Development (PRD), which is intended to provide an alternate pattern of land development to that permitted in the RM and RL residential zones while encouraging a greater mixture of housing types. Planned residential development is only permitted by special permit in the RM and RL residential districts and requires a minimum of twenty-five contiguous acres of buildable upland. Single-family attached or detached dwellings, two-family, and multifamily dwellings are permitted within a planned residential development; there is no minimum lot size for individual lots, no minimum percentage of lot coverage, and no minimum lot width in a planned residential development, thus allowing for greater density. Natural Resource Protection Design. Lastly, under Article XIII, Section 179-69, Natural Resource Protection Design (NRPD) is intended to protect water resources and preserve the open space in the District of Critical Planning Concern (DCPC, described below in the “Special Districts” section). Similar to the alternative development patterns described above, the NRPD bylaw uses flexible regulations for density and lot dimensions to promote and encourage creativity in neighborhood design, protect water resources, and preserve contiguous open space and environmental resources. The primary difference is that NRPD not involving other uses requiring a special permit is allowed by right in the DCPC in areas with an underlying residential designation, subject to the requirements regulating the subdivision of land (if applicable) and subject to endorsement by the Planning Board. To enable the Planning Board to determine whether a proposed NRPD satisfies the purposes and standards of the bylaw, an applicant must present sufficient information on the environmental and open space resources for the Board to make such determination. Each underlying residential district has a minimum requirement for preserved open space, and there is no minimum lot size or maximum number or units; rather, a net acreage calculation described in Section 179-72.1 is applied to the plan, and the allowable number of residential units is determined by this net acreage calculation and an allowed density that varies by district (Section 179-72.2) Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 53 SPECIAL DISTRICTS Floodplain District. The purpose of this overlay district is to regulate development in areas subject to coastal storm flowage, particularly high hazard velocity zones, in order to minimize threats to public safety, potential loss of life, personal injury, destruction of property, and environmental damage inevitably resulting from storms, flooding, erosion and relative sea level rise. All uses otherwise permitted in the underlying district are allowed; however, where the Floodplain District Bylaw imposes additional or conflicting regulations, the more stringent local regulations prevail. All development in the Floodplain District must comply with the Massachusetts State Building Code dealing with construction in floodplains and coastal high hazards. Wetlands Conservancy District. The purpose of these districts is to preserve and maintain the groundwater table; to protect coastal and inland waters; to protect public health and safety; to protect persons and property from the hazards of flood and tidal waters; and to conserve the natural character of the environment, wildlife, and open space for the general welfare of the public. No residential or commercial structures, sewage disposal systems, storage tanks or other potential sources of substantial pollution are permitted in this district. Water Quality Protection District. Article XI establishes the Water Quality Protection District, which ensures an adequate quality and quantity of drinking water for the residents, institutions, and businesses of Brewster. The provisions of this Article are superimposed over all zoning districts and all land within Brewster and function as an overlay district. In addition, this article establishes specific requirements for land uses and activities within the District of Critical Planning Concern (DCPC), which includes Zone I and Zone II areas, as well as the Pleasant Bay Watershed. The construction of ten or more dwelling units in the Water Quality Protection District requires a special permit from the Planning Board. No building permit or certificate of occupancy will be issued by the Building Commissioner unless a certificate of water quality compliance has been applied for or obtained by the owner of a property from the Water Quality Review Committee. HISTORIC DISTRICTS In 1973 the Old King’s Highway Regional Historic District was created, following Route 6A and covering portions of Brewster and five other Cape towns. Individual properties were not inventoried as part of the district’s creation. Property owners must submit any exterior changes that are visible from a public way, park, or body of water to the Old King’s Highway Regional Historic District Commission for approval. A variety of exterior features are often exempt such as air conditioning units, storm doors, storm windows, paint color, and temporary structures. The decision on which features are exempt from review depends on the specifics of the local bylaw. Map 14 displays the portion of the Old King’s Highway Regional Historic District that runs through Brewster. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 54 Socio-Political Considerations Input gathered during this Housing Plan community engagement process indicated public acknowledgement that the cost of housing is a barrier for the average household and that supply is a growing issue for a range of income levels. However, survey open response comments on indicate there may be the continued need for community conversations about housing, with “NIMBY”-ism (“not in my back yard”) and resistance to change identified as significant barriers toward housing development by survey respondents. Additionally, results from the recent Vision Planning community survey showed overall less support for the housing goals than other topics. Making progress on these efforts will require continued strong political leadership regarding housing issues and raising community awareness about the relationship between housing and other issues facing the community. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 55 Housing Production Plan Goals State regulations and DHCD Housing Production Plan Guidelines describe the required framework the goals of a Housing Production Plan, directing communities to include both qualitative and quantitative goals based upon community and regional needs.46 Qualitative goals should support a mix of housing types that: are affordable at a range of income levels; provide for a range of housing types for families, individuals, persons with special needs, and older adults; and are feasible within the housing market. In addition, plans must include a quantitative goal for an annual increase in SHI-eligible housing units by at least 0.50 percent of its year-round housing count. Communities that meet their annual goal can request a one-year certification of compliance (often referred to as safe harbor) with DHCD, and communities that reach a 1.0 percent target are eligible for a two-year certification of compliance. Achieving this “safe harbor” threshold and receiving a one- or two-year certification allows communities to have a more flexible approach to managing the comprehensive permit process, despite being below the overall 10 percent target for SHI units.47 To meet this threshold for one-year certification of this plan, Brewster currently would need to produce twenty-four new SHI-eligible affordable housing units in a given calendar year based upon the 2010 Census year-round housing count, and forty-eight units for a two-year certification.48 BREWSTER’S HOUSING GOALS The following four major qualitative goals are based on the preceding Housing Needs Assessment and community participation. They are broken up into more specific “subgoals,” but this HPP’s four major goals serve to address the breadth of Brewster’s housing needs. The next section of this plan outlines specific strategies for achieving these goals over the next five years. GOAL 1. Increase and diversify year-round housing options in Brewster for a range of income levels and household types. • Increase the supply of market-rate and affordable rental housing for all types of households, such as young singles and couples, families, and older adults. • Diversify housing types and forms to meet local needs. 46 760 CMR 56.03(4)(c) and corresponding DHCD Housing Production Plan Guidelines, October 2020. 47 If a community is certified compliant, decisions made by the Zoning Board of Appeals to deny a comprehensive permit will be deemed “consistent with local needs” by the Housing Appeals Committee and will be upheld as a matter of law. 48 While the 2020 Census count for total housing units has been released as of publication of this plan, the year-round housing count has not. Appendix D offers three methodologies for calculating an estimated annual goal, all of which arrive at a similar threshold (24-26 units per year). However, these estimates are meant to be a guide, as DHCD ultimately will determine the threshold based upon the 2020 Census year-round housing count when it becomes available. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 56 • Ensure an adequate supply of housing that is affordable and accessible to older adults and people with disabilities. • Integrate affordable housing into existing neighborhoods and developments through infill, reuse or repurposing of existing buildings, and the redevelopment of underutilized buildings or properties. • Review and update Brewster’s zoning and other housing regulations and policies to support development that increases fair, affordable housing and housing choice. GOAL 2. Prevent displacement of current residents and facilitate housing mobility for households looking to move within or into Brewster. • Preserve Brewster’s existing supply of year-round rental housing. • Ensure that older adults can age in place or within the community. • Provide direct assistance to income-eligible households experiencing housing insecurity or looking for a new home. • Preserve Brewster’s existing affordable housing stock. GOAL 3. Align development with the principles of the Town’s Local Comprehensive Plan/Vision Plan. • Build support for addressing housing needs through partnerships with groups and organizations connected to each of the Vision Plan’s eight core elements. • Ensure adequate staff capacity and other resources for addressing the housing-related goals and actions of the Vision Plan. • Continue to thoughtfully address concerns about issues sometimes seen as conflicting with the development of fair, affordable housing. • Balance housing goals with protection of the natural environment by targeting housing production in and near areas where development already exists; in denser development nodes; or in areas with higher “walkability scores” and multimodal transportation opportunities. GOAL 4. Continue to build capacity to produce housing through staffing, funding, regional partnerships, advocacy and education, and relationships with nonprofit and for-profit developers. • Ensure regular collaboration between housing staff and other departments, Town bodies, regional entities, housing developers, and other relevant groups. • Explore additional funding sources to support housing-related initiatives. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 57 • Build awareness of affordable and fair housing needs within Brewster and the larger region, as well as Brewster’s role in addressing these issues. • Investigate and leverage available federal, state, and regional housing funds and resources. ALIGNMENT WITH REGIONAL GOALS In 2018, the Cape Cod Commission, Barnstable County’s regional planning and regulatory agency, published its fifth Regional Policy Plan to outline a regional vision for Cape Cod. 49 This vision is based upon three systems – natural systems, built systems, and community systems. Housing is primarily addressed as part of the “community system” umbrella, although topics relevant to housing are discussed in all three systems. The goals of this Housing Production Plan align with the CCC’s Regional Policy Plan’s Housing Goal and supporting objectives, which are as follows: Regional Policy Plan Housing Goal: To promote the production of an adequate supply of ownership and rental housing that is safe, healthy, and attainable for people with different income levels and diverse needs. Supporting Objectives: 1. Promote an increase in housing diversity and choice. 2. Promote an increase in year-round housing supply. 3. Protect and improve existing housing stock. 4. Increase housing affordability. Additionally, the CCC is embarking on a Regional Housing Strategy (an action described in the 2018 Regional Policy Plan) and Regional Housing Suitability Analysis, with both initiatives including specific strategies also incorporated in this HPP. The next section of this plan outlines these strategies and others — twenty-nine in total — that will enable the Town to achieve its housing goals and meet local needs. 49 Cape Cod Commission, Cape Cod Regional Policy Plan: Framing the Future, 2018. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 58 Housing Strategies As described in the previous section, DHCD encourages cities and towns to prepare, adopt, and implement a Housing Production Plan that demonstrates an annual increase in Chapter 40B (SHI- eligible) units equal to or greater than 0.50 percent of the community’s year-round housing units. However, as noted elsewhere in this plan, Brewster’s housing challenges go well beyond the affordability needs that Chapter 40B intends to address. Just as Brewster has many housing choice problems, it also has options available to address them. Namely, removing regulatory barriers to housing production, providing adequate resources to support housing initiatives, coordinating housing efforts with local comprehensive and other planning efforts, continuing to educate leaders and community members about housing needs, and collaborating with regional partners will all be important components of a successful housing program. Through this Housing Production Plan, Brewster can plan strategically and creatively about how to address its affordable housing needs. PROGRESS SINCE 2017 Brewster has made significant progress implementing its 2017 Housing Production Plan and establishing a robust housing program. Steps taken in fulfillment of the 2017 HPP strategies include: ü Hiring a housing coordinator with CPA and Town funds (2017) ü Creating a municipal affordable housing trust and supporting with CPA and Town funds (2018) ü Adopting the current Accessory Dwelling Unit and Accessory Commercial Dwelling Unit bylaws (2018) ü Planning for the protection of existing SHI units through a $500,000 CPA allocation to the Trust (2019) ü Supporting chapter 40B-permitted projects to create sixteen Habitat for Humanity ownership homes (Paul Hush Way, fourteen units completed in 2020; Red Top Road, two units permitted in 2021) and thirty affordable rental units (Brewster Woods; expected to be ready for occupancy in 2022) ü Establishing a policy (via the Select Board) to allocate 50 percent of the new short-term rental revenue to the Trust (2021) ü Teaming with Dennis and Wellfleet to apply for a $1,300,000 regional Housing Rehabilitation and Childcare Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) and continuing this program into its second year (2021-2022) Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 59 ü Redeveloping the former Wingate Rehabilitation Center into 132 rental units — 27 of which are affordable — for adults 55+ through a public-private partnership with Elevation Financial (2021-2022) ü Using CPA funds to support regional housing development, including: FORWARD in Dennis, a housing development for adults with autism (2019, $80,000); a veterans’ home in Dennis for the Cape and Islands Veterans Outreach Center (2021, $50,000); and most recently, Pennrose in Orleans (2022, $105,000). ü Contributing CPA funding to support Community Development Partnership’s Housing Institute, a training program to equip local officials and residents with knowledge to support the creation of more year-round housing in Brewster and the region (2018-2022) ü Issuing an RFP for the development of a 16+ acre parcel of Town-owned land off Millstone Road (2021) and accepted a proposal to develop a compact, energy-efficient neighborhood of forty-five rental units in twelve buildings (2022) LOOKING FORWARD: 2022-2027 STRATEGIES Organization The actions outlined in this plan fall into overarching groups modeled after the categories of the 2017 HPP (Regulatory Strategies, Funding & Assets, Education & Advocacy, and Local Policy & Planning) with the addition of a fifth category, Community Resources & Local Support. In addition, 760 CMR 56.03(4)(d) outlines requirements for strategies that will facilitate the production of SHI-eligible housing units, although plans can include additional strategies based on local need. The strategies of this HPP dovetail well with DHCD’s requirements, as shown in Table 22, which outlines the relationship between these two organizational frameworks. Brewster Housing Production Plan, 2022-2027 June 2022 DRAFT 60 Table 22. Relationship Between Regulatory Framework & Brewster HPP Strategies 760 CMR 56.03 4(d)(1) 4(d)(2) 4(d)(3) 4(d)(4) 4(d)(5) Other DHCD Housing Production Plan Regulatory Requirement The identification of zoning districts or geographic areas in which the municipality proposes to modify current regulations for the purposes of creating SHI Eligible Housing developments to meet its housing production goal. The identification of specific sites for which the municipality will encourage the filing of Comprehensive Permit applications. Characteristics of proposed residential or mixed-use developments that would be preferred by the municipality (examples might include cluster developments, adaptive re-use, transit- oriented housing, mixed- use development, inclusionary housing, etc.). Identification of municipally owned parcels for which the municipality commits to issue requests for proposals to develop SHI Eligible Housing. Participation in regional collaborations addressing housing development. While these strategies fall outside of the regulatory framework because they do not address production of SHI-eligible units, they nonetheless address existing housing needs including capacity as well as support for households struggling to remain in or move to Brewster. Regulatory Reform Strategies 1-7 ✓ Strategies 1-4 ✓ Strategies 5-6 ✓ Strategy 7 Funding & Assets Strategies 8-17 ✓ Strategy 15 ✓ Strategies 16-17 ✓ Strategy 8 ✓ Strategies 9-14 Education & Advocacy Strategies 18-21 ✓ Strategy 19 ✓ Strategies 18, 20, 21 Local Planning & Policy Strategies 22-25 ✓ Strategy 22 ✓ Strategy 24 ✓ Strategy 23, 25 Community Resources & Local Support Strategies 26-29 ✓ Strategies 26-29 Brewster Housing Production Plan June 2022 DRAFT 61 Regulatory Reform STRATEGY 1. Reevaluate the existing ADU and ACDU bylaws and other references to accessory apartments and explore amendments to streamline these provisions and improve their efficacy. The Town’s current ADU bylaw (Section 179-42.2) allows homeowners in the Town’s residential districts to add an accessory dwelling unit (ADU) by right on lots over 30,000 square feet, and by special permit on smaller lots, lots within the C-H or V-B districts, or within certain water protection areas.50 Additionally, the ACDU bylaw (Section 179-42.3) allows property owners to add an accessory dwelling unit to a commercial property by special permit in the C-H and V-B zoning districts. Prior to the addition of this bylaw in 2018, Brewster’s zoning allowed affordable accessory dwelling and commercial dwelling units (AADUs and AACDUs) that had to meet the bylaw’s definition of “affordable housing,” making it very difficult for homeowners to create such a unit. This 2018 bylaw amendment also removed a provision in Section 179, Table 2 (Area Regulations), Footnote 13 that required “accessory apartments” allowed by special permit to be rented to immediate family members or healthcare professionals providing service to the family members. While these amendments have made it easier for homeowners to create ADUs, the Town should reexamine the current bylaw and consider whether some current provisions limiting its use could be removed. As an example, the current bylaw requires that an ADU not be more than 40 percent of the primary residence or 900 square feet, whichever is smaller. This 40 percent limit may preclude owners of smaller homes from creating an ADU. Other Lower Cape communities either do not have a percentage limitation (only a square footage cap) or have a 50 percent limit, which is in line with the Cape Cod Commission’s model ADU bylaw.51 Lastly, keeping the special permit provision for “accessory apartments” as a footnote in the zoning bylaw’s Area Regulations may make the process confusing to homeowners, particularly because this provision does not include the 40 percent limit and allows a different maximum unit size of 600 square feet. The Town may wish to consolidate any references in the bylaw to accessory residential units to avoid duplication or confusion. STRATEGY 2. Amend zoning to clearly allow mixed uses that include housing in business-zoned areas. While Brewster has a limited supply of mixed-use properties that include some balance of residential and commercial uses, the Town does not have a mixed use bylaw that explicitly defines and allows commercial/residential mixed use in specific zoning districts.52 More clearly allowing mixed use in the C-H or V-B districts and building it into the Use Regulations and Area Regulations as a distinct use could provide an avenue for creating much-needed additional rental units. While the ACDU bylaw allows the creation of an accessory dwelling unit within or adjacent to a commercial building, it only does so as an accessory use and within the area requirements for commercial buildings currently defined under Table 2, Area Regulations. Creating a “mixed use” designation as a use category would allow the Town to consider specific area regulations suitable for mixed use, and could 50 Sections 179-42.2, Paragraph B: “An ADU may be located within a Zone II (Zone of Contribution to a Public Drinking Water Well), in the watershed of the Herring River, or the watershed to Pleasant Bay, subject to approval of a Special Permit by the Zoning Board of Appeals. All ADUs within these areas shall be required to install advanced nitrogen treatment septic systems, if deemed necessary.” 51 Cape Cod Commission, “Inventory of Accessory Dwelling Unit Provisions by Town.” Updated November 2021. Available at https://www.capecodcommission.org/resource- library/file/?url=/dept/commission/team/Website_Resources/housing/ADU_Table_Nov2021.pdf 52 Outside of an existing reference in the underutilized Planned Residential Development provision Brewster Housing Production Plan June 2022 DRAFT 62 potentially also allow “top of the shop” housing units that are not accessory to the commercial use below it, but could be divided from the commercial space below and owned separately. STRATEGY 3. Conduct an inventory of nonconforming lots and consider allowing small affordable units on lots that are otherwise unbuildable under zoning based upon findings. Assessor’s records indicate that there are over 300 parcels considered “undevelopable residential land.” Typically, this designation is used for parcels that do not meet lot size or frontage requirements as opposed to indicating an environmental constraint. These parcels appear to be scattered throughout Town with varying degrees of access from roadways. The Town should inventory these lots and assess their suitability for housing depending on their degree of nonconformity, neighborhood context, environmental concerns, and other considerations as a first step. If this process reveals a significant number of parcels that do not mean zoning requirements but are otherwise appropriate for housing, the Town could move to allow smaller affordable units on these properties. Such units may require some form of subsidy, but making additional land available could support production of scattered-site units by mission-based organizations like Habitat for Humanity or Housing Assistance Corporation of Cape Cod. STRATEGY 4. Reevaluate the existing multifamily dwelling bylaw (Section 179-34) and consider amendments that could facilitate the production of multi-unit residential development. As described in the Barriers Analysis of this plan, the Town’s current multifamily dwelling bylaw has density and lot size requirements that are unlikely to result in multi-unit residential development, demonstrated by the fact that this portion of the bylaw has not been exercised.53 In addition, “multifamily dwellings” (defined in the bylaw as a building containing three or more dwelling units) are only allowed by in the C-H district by special permit. The Town could consider revisiting the current density and lot size requirements for Section 179-34, as well as expanding the locations where such development is allowed. STRATEGY 5. Explore measures to require or encourage the inclusion of affordable units in residential developments over a certain number of units. Such measures can include the adoption of an Inclusionary Zoning (IZ) bylaw, which requires the provision a minimum percentage of affordable units in residential developments over a specified size. Adopting an IZ bylaw may be particularly important if the Town moves to implement the previous recommendation to amend the multifamily dwelling bylaw, which could spur the production of such units; by establishing an IZ bylaw, the Town can ensure that multi-unit residential development occurring under a revised Section 179-34 — or any other residential development over a certain size — would include affordable units. As part of this review, the Town could also explore whether a new IZ bylaw should include a provision for “payments in lieu of units” (PILUs), whereby developers can pay an established fee to the Affordable Housing Trust in lieu of providing the required number of affordable units. Alternatively (or in addition to IZ), the Town could enrich the underutilized Major Residential Development (Section 139-35.2) or Planned Residential Development (Section 179-36) bylaws to encourage the inclusion of affordable units, as suggested in the 2017 HPP. The Town could also activate the “reserved” Affordable Multifamily Dwelling Units bylaw (Section 179-42.1[C][3]), which 53 There is one large multi-unit development within the C-H district (King’s Landing) and one property assessed as a smaller apartment building; both of these multi-unit properties were built prior to the adoption of the Town’s Zoning Bylaw in 1979. Brewster Housing Production Plan June 2022 DRAFT 63 the Use Regulations table indicates would be allowed by right (as opposed to special permit) in the C- H district. However, as pointed out in the 2017 HPP, this should also involve revisiting the limitation on number of bedrooms in the definition of “Affordable Multifamily Dwelling Units (AMDU)” in Section 179-2 to eliminate potential fair housing conflicts. Additionally, reference to immediate family should be removed from the definition of “Affordable Housing" in Section 179-2 to avoid confusion about the intent of the bylaw. STRATEGY 6. Allow and incentivize the adaptive reuse of existing buildings for the creation of affordable and mixed income housing. In 2020, the Zoning Board of Appeals granted Elevation Financial a use variance to develop the former Wingate Rehabilitation Center into housing. While this successful public-private partnership will lead to the creation of 132 units of 55+ housing (27 units of which are affordable), the legal mechanism by which this was accomplished is difficult to replicate. Massachusetts law outlines the specific findings a ZBA must make to grant a variance, and generally it is challenging to meet these requirements. Instead, the Town could explore allowing conversion of existing structures to residential uses by special permit or incentivizing adaptive reuse of existing structures to facilitate housing production. STRATEGY 7. Working with the Board of Health and utilizing the findings of the ongoing Integrated Water Resource Management Plan, continue to identify appropriate wastewater treatment systems to enable the creation of denser housing development that can support the inclusion of affordable units. The Town is currently in Phase III of its Integrated Water Resource Management Plan, or IWRMP, a long-term project to develop an integrated approach for the protection and restoration of the Town’s waters. This phase of the project will address water resources planning, including an evaluation of wastewater management alternatives and bylaw updates to implement the stormwater management recommendations of Phase II. The findings of this project will help inform solutions that may enable the provision of denser development alongside protection of the environment. Funding & Assets STRATEGY 8. Continue to work with nearby communities on the Cape by pooling CPA funds and other revenue to construct affordable housing in suitable locations throughout the region and meet regional housing needs. Section 5(b)(1) of the Community Preservation Act legislation reads: “The community preservation committee shall study the needs, possibilities and resources of the city or town regarding community preservation, including the consideration of regional projects for community preservation.” (Emphasis added.) Recognizing that addressing regional housing creation benefits all area communities, Brewster has contributed CPA funds toward several regional housing initiatives in recent years, including funding for homes for adults with autism in Orleans (Cape Cod Village, 2016) and Dennis (FORWARD, 2019), a veterans’ home in Dennis (for CIVOC, 2021), and most recently toward Pennrose in Orleans, a redevelopment project that will provide sixty-two rental units. The developer is proposing 65 percent local preference and 10 percent regional preference, the breakdown approved by DHCD for the Village at Nauset Green in Eastham. Based on DHCD local preference definitions, applicants who work in Orleans, for the Town of Orleans, or whose children attend the Nauset Regional Middle or High School, are considered part of the local preference pool even if they do not live in Orleans. Brewster Housing Production Plan June 2022 DRAFT 64 STRATEGY 9. Develop a five-year financial plan for the Brewster Affordable Housing Trust and determine whether additional funding streams should be explored. Both the Select Board and Affordable Housing Trust identify this as a key priority; the Select Board’s FY2022-2023 Strategic Plan includes Goal H-1 to “Identify Affordable Housing Trust operating/capital needs and develop funding plan,” and the Affordable Housing Trust’s Key Priorities for 2022 include developing a “5-Year Financial Plan for the Trust.” STRATEGY 10. Based upon the BAHT five-year financial plan, explore other funding opportunities to support housing initiatives at a range of income levels. Depending on the needs identified as part of the BAHT’s financial plan, the Town can also look at creative ways to increase funding for housing initiatives, both to support the mission of the BAHT and the income levels it is intended to serve (up to 110 percent AMI), as well as potentially funding housing initiatives beyond this level. While the primary purpose of a Housing Production Plan is to increase the share of SHI-eligible units within a community and work toward the state’s 10 percent minimum goal, there are also substantial housing needs outside of these income levels because the supply of housing — particularly rental housing — does not meet the demand. Provincetown addressed this need by passing a home rule petition to establish its Year-Round Market Rate Rental Housing Trust to “create and preserve year-round rental units in the town of Provincetown including, but not limited to, market rate units for the benefit of residents of the Town.” The legislature approved the Town’s home rule petition, and the Trust was officially established in 2016. Chatham has recently taken a similar step, passing three home rule petitions in 2021 relating to funding the creation of housing for households earning up to 200 percent of the area median income. One such measure was the local approval of a real estate transfer tax of 0.5 percent on the sale of homes over $2,000,000, paid by the purchaser, with proceeds going into a “Housing Fund” that would have more leeway than the CPC or AHT in terms of income levels served. Several other Massachusetts communities passed real estate transfer fee home rule petitions in 2021, although all are pending at the state level and have not yet received legislative approval. Because Brewster’s housing needs at lower income levels are the greatest as demonstrated by the Needs Assessment, the Town should take care not to propose diverting existing funding sources away from these needs and instead may wish to consider new funding solutions for income levels over 80 percent. STRATEGY 11. Consider establishing a Housing Opportunity Fund under the Affordable Housing Trust and regularly applying for CPA funds to build and replenish this resource annually. While Brewster has made excellent use of CPA funds for housing initiatives, depending on the findings of the Trust’s 5-Year Financial Plan, the Town may determine that it would be beneficial for the Trust to have more substantial funds ready for its use. The BAHT would still have to apply to annually for such funds, but once these CPA funds were awarded to the Trust, they would not need to be reappropriated at Town Meeting for a specific purpose. This would enable the Trust to act quickly on acquisition opportunities that may arise. The Town of Hingham follows this practice and has for several years, with their AHT stating in their 2021 CPA application, “Often unknown opportunities to create new affordable housing units arise and require immediate responses…. Replenishing the ‘opportunity fund’ will allow the Trust to respond quickly to those opportunities…” Brewster Housing Production Plan June 2022 DRAFT 65 STRATEGY 12. Explore local property tax incentives for the creation of affordable housing, such as offering a reduction of property taxes to an owner renting an affordable unit. By offering to reduce property taxes for property owners that voluntarily participate in meeting the Town’s affordable housing needs, Brewster can convert existing units to affordability fairly quickly and easily. Provincetown has had affordable housing property tax exemptions of this type on the books for years. The law, passed in 2002, makes residential properties occupied by low-income households exempt from taxes. If only some of a parcel is occupied by an eligible household, taxes are reduced proportionally to the percentage of the square footage of the structure occupied by that household. Unlike many other strategies in this section, a Provincetown-style tax incentive would not necessarily involve any formal deed restrictions, meaning that affordable units created under such a law would not count towards Brewster’s Subsidized Housing Inventory, but still can address important local needs. Another way for a town to utilize property taxes to incentivize affordable housing development is through tax increment financing (TIF). This approach targets new development by allowing a property owner to waive or reduce property taxes for a set period, which can then be phased back in gradually, in exchange for including some number of affordable units. TIFs require the establishment of TIF-designated area approved by the Economic Assistance Coordinating Council, which essentially requires that the area present “exceptional opportunities for economic development.” Such a measure may be dependent on the direction of the Vision Planning process with regards to establishing a true the Town Center or Town Centers. STRATEGY 13. Continue to partner with the Brewster Housing Authority units to provide more deeply affordable rental options for both families and older adults. The Brewster Housing Authority has supported two 40B rental projects — Brewster Woods and Wells Court — through the provision of BHA land. The Town should continue to partner proactively with BHA to pool resources and explore solutions that create much-needed deeply affordable rental units. STRATEGY 14. Explore the feasibility and potential benefits of supporting the creation of a nonprofit Community Land Trust (CLT) to facilitate more affordable homeownership opportunities. A community land trust is a strategy pioneered in urban areas experiencing gentrification that attempts to address the problem of rapidly growing real estate values pricing existing residents out of their own community. Brewster is experiencing a similar problem related to the seasonal housing market, where housing units previously available to residents are purchased by relatively wealthy out-of-towners to serve as vacation homes. A Community Land Trust (CLT) is a nonprofit organization that seeks to remedy such problems by purchasing parcels of land itself and holding them in perpetuity rather than allowing them to enter the commercial real estate market. CLT housing differs from most town- facilitated development in that the Trust retains ownership of the land while selling the houses. Because homeowners are not buying land, merely leasing it (usually for a long period such as ninety- nine years), the cost of land is removed from the price of the home, resulting in much more affordable housing than could otherwise be expected. CLT homeowners may even sell their homes for a profit, allowing their property to function as an investment like any other, albeit at a lower rate of return as most Trusts limit the amount that their homes may be sold for to keep them affordable. STRATEGY 15. Develop criteria for assessing a property’s suitability for the creation of affordable and attainable housing. Once developed, such criteria can be used in a variety of ways – as part of an RFP for acquiring land for housing; to assess Chapter 61 properties being considered for acquisition; or for Brewster Housing Production Plan June 2022 DRAFT 66 evaluating current Town-owned properties or privately held properties of particular interest for their potential to create housing. Massachusetts Housing Partnership has developed a list of considerations for determining the feasibility of land for housing development, and the Cape Cod Commission is also planning to develop criteria to screen parcels for housing development suitability as part of their current Regional Housing Suitability Analysis project. The Town may wish to build upon these resources or create its own unique criteria to support the next two strategies of this plan. STRATEGY 16. Inventory existing Town-owned land using the criteria developed to determine suitability for housing; develop and issue an RFP for the development of affordable and attainable housing on properties identified as suitable for housing development. This process was recently undertaken on a 16+ acre of Town-owned land off Millstone Road that was previously landlocked until the Town used CPA funds in 2018 to acquire an access parcel on Millstone Road. The Town then undertook a community engagement process to determine criteria that would ultimately inform the development of an RFP to develop housing on the site. This RFP was issued in 2021 and the Town has since accepted a proposal to develop forty-five units of rental housing in twelve buildings. The Town could undertake a similar process for other Town-owned properties deemed suitable for housing, or use the findings of the Millstone Road community engagement process as a starting point for RFP criteria for other parcels. With the recent acquisition of the two Sea Camps properties (a 66-acre parcel extending to Long Pond and a 55-acre parcel extending from Route 6A to Cape Cod Bay) and the potential for consolidating the Town’s elementary schools, the Town has significant opportunities ahead to utilize Town-owned properties and buildings to create a substantial amount of housing.54 STRATEGY 17. If deemed necessary based upon the findings of the Town-owned land inventory, develop and issue an RFP for the acquisition of privately held land for the creation of affordable and attainable housing. The Town of Nantucket developed a standard RFP for the acquisition of land for housing and reissues the RFP at regular intervals. Brewster could follow a similar strategy if the inventory of currently held Town-owned land reveals a lack of properties currently available to the Town for the creation of affordable housing. In addition, the Town could expand its analysis of site suitability to include privately held property and maintain dialogue with property owners so that both parties are prepared to act in the event that a desirable property that meets the criteria described in Strategy 15 becomes available. Education & Advocacy STRATEGY 18. Develop a shared strategic plan for the Brewster Housing Partnership and Brewster Affordable Housing Trust that includes a comprehensive community education program regarding fair and affordable housing. Strategy 9 suggests the development of a BAHT financial plan in accordance with the current strategic plans of both the Select Board and the BAHT. This financial plan could ultimately fold into a larger long-term strategic plan for the BAHT and Brewster Housing Partnership. This 54 Two of the three options proposed by the Town’s recently completed Elementary Schools Master Plan propose complete closing one of the Town’s two elementary schools. (Final report dated December 31, 2021; Prepared by Habeeb & Associates Architects for the Town of Brewster.) Brewster Housing Production Plan June 2022 DRAFT 67 strategic plan should include specific plans for community engagement regarding fair and affordable housing issues at the local and regional level to build Town-wide support for housing initiatives. STRATEGY 19. Connect community education initiatives to each of the overarching topics of the Local Comprehensive Plan/Vision Plan. Building upon Brewster’s 2018 Vision Plan, the Town is currently developing a Local Comprehensive Plan following the guidelines of the Cape Cod Commission. The Vision Planning Committee has centered their work around eight building blocks – Town Character, Water Resources, Open Space, Housing, Coastal Management, Local Economy, Community Infrastructure, and Climate Mitigation. While housing has its own building block, housing needs relate to all of the LCP’s core elements. Tying the Town’s housing program and related educational initiatives to the Town’s LCP ensures continuity of planning efforts and can build community awareness of the connection between housing and many other local and regional concerns. STRATEGY 20. Continue to ensure regular participation by staff and members of Town bodies in available trainings on housing-related issues including fair housing, local and regional housing needs, comprehensive permit administration, and other relevant topics. Since 2018, CPC funds have helped fund the Cape Housing Institute, a training program for local officials and interested residents in support of the creation of more year-round housing in Brewster and the Lower Cape. Over seventy-five Town staff and residents have participated in this and other educational trainings and workshops since the 2017 HPP. The Town should continue to encourage this commendable level of involvement, both among staff and Brewster residents. STRATEGY 21. Consider hosting an annual Housing Forum and inviting regional partners to cohost or collaborating and co-sponsoring existing regional opportunities. The BAHT has included hosting an annual forum (at minimum) as a priority initiative for FY2022-2023, in addition to holding or participating other community housing educational initiatives. At the local level, the BAHT could partner with the Brewster Housing Partnership and Brewster Housing Authority to co-sponsor such an effort, which could be further enriched by inviting regional partners or representation from other Lower Cape towns. Local Policy & Planning STRATEGY 22. Continue to make good use of Chapter 40B, including the Local Initiative Program (LIP), as a vehicle for creating affordable housing. As shown in Appendix C, “Brewster 40B and Affordable Housing Table,” Brewster has a strong track record of using 40B as a tool to create both affordable ownership and rental opportunities in partnership with developers. Habitat for Humanity’s Red Top Road project, permitted in 2021 as a LIP project, will create two affordable ownership units and provides the most recent example of Brewster’s success using 40B in a cooperative manner. The Local Initiative Program, or LIP, is often referred to as the “Friendly 40B” process because the municipality and developer submit a joint application to DHCD. If the LIP application is approved, DHCD issues a project eligibility letter so that the developer can apply for a Comprehensive Permit application with the Zoning Board of Appeals. Thus, going through the LIP process ensures that the Town is involved in shaping project plans before a developer applies for a Comprehensive Permit. STRATEGY 23. Continue to monitor the impacts of short-term rentals on the availability of year-round rental units; review and consider changes to local policies accordingly. As described in the Needs Assessment, the increase in short-term rentals and seasonal homes appears to have had a negative Brewster Housing Production Plan June 2022 DRAFT 68 impact on the Town’s already-limited supply of year-round rental units. The degree of this impact is currently based on estimates rather than actual counts and will become clearer with the full release of the 2020 Census — although much has changed even in the last two years. Because of the lack of current data and the uniqueness of the Cape’s housing situation, the Town should consider strategies to monitor whether a home is used a primary or secondary residence or as a short-term rental unit. Having a closer handle on these trends will allow the Town to carefully observe changing trends and their impacts and adjust Town policies if needed. STRATEGY 24. Develop design guidelines for multi-unit housing. One of the common concerns about multi-unit housing is its visual compatibility with a neighborhood or community. Creating multi-unit design guidelines has the benefit of addressing concerns that really come from poor design rather than density and can facilitate development if developers know what to expect. This action aligns with the Cape Cod Commission’s current work developing a Regional Housing Strategy, which is anticipated to include the development of residential design guidelines to “create more diversity in housing options and types . . . in forms that still complement and fit in with the character of the region.”55 STRATEGY 25. Increase housing staff capacity to ensure continued and consistent collaboration with the Building, Conservation, Health, and Planning Departments. The 2017 HPP recommended hiring a Housing Coordinator to facilitate the implementation of the plan, an action quickly undertaken by the Town in 2017 with Town Meeting approval of the use of CPA funds to support this position. Initially, this position was approved for nineteen hours a week but increased to twenty-five hours in 2020 and most recently was approved in 2022 for thirty hours per week due to the increased number of housing initiatives and support services. This HPP includes more strategies than the 2017 plan, and implementing such a robust housing program requires time and a central “point person” to oversee the Town’s housing program in coordination with other Town departments. Community Resources & Local Support STRATEGY 26. Continue the CDBG-funded housing rehabilitation program to enable income-eligible homeowners to make critical home repairs. Brewster is entering its second year of a $1.3 million-dollar regional Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) for housing rehabilitation and childcare. The funds aid eligible low to moderate income residents, earning up to 80 percent of the area median income. The housing rehabilitation funds can provide a forgivable deferred 0.0 percent interest loan up to $40,000 to make critical home repairs. The BAHT has identified examining the reach of this program and considering whether the Trust needs to supplement the program as a current priority initiative. STRATEGEY 27. Evaluate the Rental Assistance Program and consider offering a Family Self-Sufficiency component to the program. When the income of an individual holding a Section 8 rental voucher increases, their portion of rent is increased due to program rules. A Family Self-Sufficiency Program takes this difference between the new increased rent and the old rent and places it into an escrow account that the individual can access upon completing the program. This option can help an individual graduating out of the rental voucher program because the accumulated funds can allow 55 Cape Cod Commission, “Regional Housing Strategy Housing Work One Pager,” May 2022 Draft. (Project elements subject to change.) Brewster Housing Production Plan June 2022 DRAFT 69 them to navigate the costs of moving into a new home more easily. In addition to considering a Family Self-Sufficiency Program, the Town may wish to evaluate the program’s effectiveness based on current needs, a priority action included in the BAHT’s current priority initiatives. STRATEGY 28. Continue efforts to preserve SHI homes, including evaluate the “buy down”/down payment/closing cost assistance program and consider adjustments to meet current needs. With the support of CPA funds, the Town currently provides up to $30,000 of grant assistance for eligible buyers purchasing a home in Brewster. The program is contingent on existing funds and is available to households qualifying at 80 percent of area median income who agree to place a permanent affordable housing deed restriction on the home. The BAHT currently lists determining the future of this program as a current priority initiative. STRATEGY 29. Explore other opportunities for direct support for eligible households, including partnerships with local non-profits and housing assistance providers. The BAHT’s current priority initiatives specifically call out re-examining the current rental voucher and “buy down” programs as described above, as well as exploring the possibility of a “rent to own” program. Housing Assistance Corporation and Community Development Partnership both offer a variety of programs for households, including homebuyer education programs and Rental Assistance for Families in Transition (RAFT), and foreclosure prevention. Brewster Housing Production Plan June 2022 DRAFT 70 A p pendices Summary of Appendices • Appendix A. Summary of Published Rental Listings from May 2018-2022 • Appendix B. Income Levels and Household Examples, FY2020 • Appendix C. Brewster Comprehensive Permit Projects (40B) Approved Since 2003 & Additional Reference Information • Appendix D. Numerical Goal Methodology • Appendix E. Community Engagement Summary Rent Size Beds Baths Bldg Type Listing Month Listing Year $1,975 1,400 ft²4 bed 2ba House April 2018 $270 2 bed 1ba Apartment May 2018 $1,750 1,200 ft²3 bed 2ba House June 2018 $7,500 1,100 ft²2 bed 2ba House June 2018 $1,900 3 bed 2ba House August 2018 $1,050 1,100 ft²2 bed 1ba House August 2018 $2,000 1,688 ft²3 bed 2ba House September 2018 $900 900 ft²3 bed 1ba House September 2018 $1,025 studio 1ba Condo October 2018 $1,500 768 ft²2 bed 1ba House January 2019 $1,200 1 bed 1ba Apartment February 2019 $1,500 2,000 ft²4 bed 3ba House May 2019 $2,200 1,300 ft²2 bed 1ba Apartment May 2019 $1,950 1,040 ft²2 bed 1.5ba House May 2019 $2,200 1,500 ft²3 bed 2.5ba House July 2019 $2,600 2,200 ft²4 bed 2.5ba House September 2019 $1,250 1,000 ft²2 bed 2ba Condo September 2019 $1,500 1 bed 1ba Apartment September 2019 $1,175 3 bed 2ba House October 2019 $1,750 800 ft²2 bed 1ba Apartment November 2019 $2,200 1,560 ft²3 bed 2ba House December 2019 $2,400 1,446 ft²3 bed 2ba House December 2019 $1,500 800 ft²2 bed 1ba Cottage/Cabin December 2019 $1,400 579 ft²1 bed 1ba Apartment January 2020 $1,950 3 bed 2ba House March 2020 $1,100 300 ft²studio 1ba Apartment March 2020 $1,800 3 bed 1ba Apartment May 2020 $2,400 2 bed 1ba Apartment May 2020 $1,100 600 ft²1 bed 1ba Condo May 2020 $1,100 1,196 ft²3 bed 2ba Apartment July 2020 $1,500 2,373 ft²3 bed 2ba House July 2020 $1,000 1 bed 1ba Apartment July 2020 $900 1 bed 1ba Apartment August 2020 $3,000 2,100 ft² 4 bed 2.5ba House November 2020 $1,800 424 ft²1 bed 1ba Apartment April 2021 $1,800 424 ft²1 bed 1ba Apartment May 2021 $1,700 579 ft²1 bed 1ba Apartment May 2021 $1,450 4 bed 3ba House June 2021 $1,200 600 ft²1 bed 1ba Condo June 2021 $665 1 bed 1ba Apartment July 2021 $2,000 2,000 ft 4 bed 2ba House August 2021 $3,000 2,400 ft²3 bed 3ba House September 2021 $2,300 1,592 ft²2 bed 2ba House October 2021 $1,500 424 ft²1 bed 1ba House October 2021 $1,416 400 ft²studio 1ba Apartment October 2021 $2,000 1,021 ft²2 bed 2ba Apartment November 2021 $1,100 1 bed 1ba Apartment November 2021 $2,000 2,712 ft²4 bed 3.5ba House December 2021 $900 2 bed 1ba Apartment May 2022 BREWSTER 2022 HOUSING PRODUCTION PLAN APPENDIX A Summary of Published Rental Listings from May 2018-May 2022 Source: Rentometer, May 26, 2022 Income Levels and Household Examples, FY2020 FY 2020 Income Limits Household Size Household Examples 1 2 3 4 5 6 (2 examples per category) Extremely Low Income (Up to 30% HAMFI) $ 20,300 $ 23,200 $ 26,100 $ 29,000 $ 31,350 $ 35,160 •A florist ($23,608) with 2 children •An office supply store worker ($21,320) with 1 child Very Low Income (Up to 50% HAMFI) $ 33,850 $ 38,650 $ 43,500 $ 48,300 $ 52,200 $ 56,050 •A single home health aide ($28,340 ) •A social worker ($43,368 ) and stay-at-home parent with 1 child Low Income (Up to 80% HAMFI) $ 54,150 $ 61,850 $ 69,600 $ 77,300 $ 83,500 $ 89,700 •An auto repair technician ($33,488) and restaurant server ($28,236) •An architectural assistant ($56,472) and retail worker ($26,936) with 3 children Moderate Income (Up to 100% HAMFI) $ 67,688 $ 77,313 $ 87,000 $ 96,625 $ 104,375 $ 112,125 •A construction worker ($62,140) and masonry contractor ($31,460) with 2 children •A plumber ($66,092) and personal care assistant ($16,484) with 1 child Upper Moderate Income (Up to 120% HAMFI) $ 81,225 $ 92,775 $ 104,400 $ 115,950 $ 125,250 $ 134,550 •Computer systems designer ($124,488 ) and a stay-at-home parent with 3 children •A single dental hygienist ($71,968) Sources: HUD FY 2020 Income Limits; 2020 Labor Market Information, Employment and Wages (ES-202) BREWSTER 2022 HOUSING PRODUCTION PLAN APPENDIX B Note that this table uses FY2020 income limits instead of FY2022 because 2020 is the most current year available for the corresponding Employment and Wages information. Brewster Comprehensive Permit Projects (40B) Approved Since 2003 & Additional Reference Information Tables provided by the Brewster Housing Office. TOWN SUPPORTED DEVELOPMENTS (LAND OR CPA FUNDING) Date Name Land Size Units Bedrooms % Affordable Funding Additional 2021 Habitat for Humanity 26 Red Top Road 1.34 acres total 2 new homes (& original home) New: 6 bedrooms New: 100% Land donation, $100,000 CPA Comp Permit approved 2021. 2017 Brewster Woods Brewster Housing Authority (BHA) 5.82 acres 30 rental 2 buildings 5 units/acre 55 1, 2 & 3 Bedrooms 9.5 beds /acre 100% Up to 60% AMI $550,000 CPA BHA Land Lease 70% open space, 12% buildings, 18% pavement/ parking. 1 unit for manager or maintenance. 2016 Habitat for Humanity Paul Hush Way 13.92 acres 14 homes 6- Phase 1 8- Phase 2 1 unit/acre 39 2.8 beds /acre 100% Up to 65% AMI $600,000 & $247,000 CPA land 2013 & 2014. & 2016 CPA $350,000. & $200,000 in 2018 2007 Habitat for Humanity James Burr Road 1.06 acre & 3.4 acres 0pen space 4 homes 4 units/acre or 1 unit/acre 12 11.3 beds/ acre or 2.7 beds/ acre 100% Up to 65% AMI Town gave land $95,000 CPA funds $80,000 HOME funds Homes clustered on 1 acre; 3.4 acres open space in perpetuity. Additional town owned conservation land across Slough Rd. 2003 Wells Court (BHA) 3 acres 24 rental Seniors, 1 building 8 units/acre 24 (1 bedroom) 8 beds/acre 100% Up to 50%AMI Land provided by BHA CPA not in existence in 2003, thus no funding. BREWSTER 2022 HOUSING PRODUCTION PLAN APPENDIX C NON-TOWN SUPPORTED 40B DEVELOPMENTS (NO TOWN FUNDING) Date Name Land Size Units Bedrooms % Affordable Funding Additional 2014 Cape View/ Brewster Landing/ Sachemus Trail 9.43 acres 28 homes, 7 affordable 3 units/acre 76 8.1 beds/acre 25% Up to 80% AMI ---- 2014 White Rock Commons 3.64 acres 12 homes, 3 affordable 3 units/acre 36 bedrooms 9.9 beds/acre 25% Up to 80% AMI ---- ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR SHI RENTAL PROPERTIES Date Name Land Size Units Bedrooms % Affordable Funding Additional 1973 Kings Landing 14.4 acres 108 rental 10 buildings & community center 7.5 units/acre 210 bedrooms 26- 1 bed, 66- 2, 12-3 & 4-4 14.5 beds/acre 100% Up to 80% AMI Mixed funding sources. LIHTC, Project based vouchers POAH 1990 BHA Frederick Court 10.26 acres 32 rental Townhomes 3.1 units/acre 32 bedrooms 3.1 beds/acre 100% Up to 80% AMI State 667 Elderly & Disabled 1989 BHA Huckleberry Lane 6.55 acres 24 rental 12 duplexes 3.7 units/acre 57 bedrooms (9-3 & 15- 2bed) 8.7 beds/acre 100% Up to 80% AMI State 705 Family 2000 Eagle Point, Inc. .53 acre 3 rental Single home 5.6 units/acre 4 beds 7.5 beds/acre On SHI ---- Latham Center, SHI extended to 2040. ADDITIONAL SHI HOME OWNERSHIP Date Name Land Size Units Bedrooms % Affordable Funding Additional 1990 Belmont Park 26.93 acres or (10.35 acres w/ 15+ acres open space) 20 homes 1 unit/ acre or 2 units/ acre 55 beds 2 beds/ acre or 5.13 beds/acre 100% affordable Up to 80% AMI Land provided by Town Development located on 10.65 acres. 15.81 acres owned by Brewster & designated for open space. 1995 Yankee Drive 12 homes 25% affordable Up to 80% AMI ---- LIP program. 48 Total homes (McShane) 2003 Yankee Drive Condos 3 condos Up to 80% AMI ---- Original comp permit for 7 total units. AGE 55+ HOUSING Date Name Land Size Units Bedrooms % Affordable Funding Additional 2021 Serenity at Brewster (Former Wingate) 10 acres 132 units 88 Studios & 44 One-bedrooms 132 20% affordable (Lottery 2022) 27 units, requested 50% local preference ----LAU application to DHCD 12/2021. Phase 1- 41 studios opened 7/ 2021 Phase 2- 91 studios/ 1-bedrooms, opening 2022 NURSING HOMES & ASSISTED LIVING Date Name Land Size Units Bedrooms % Affordable Funding Additional 2015 Maplewood 22.59 acres 132 units 66 independent assist. 66- leveled care 5.8 units/ acre 10% (14 units) application ----1 building 33 Memory/nursing 33 assisted with help 1994 Pleasant Bay Nursing & Rehab 12.6 acres 135 beds 10.7 beds/acre ---- ----1 building 2006 Pleasant Bay Woodlands Assisted Living 13.0 acres 59 units 4.5 units/acre 10% (internal process) ----1 building RFP ISSUED FOR POTENTIAL TOWN SUPPORTED RENTAL HOUSING Date Name Land Size Units Bedrooms % Affordable Funding Additional 2022 Town-owned parcel at 0 Millstone Road 16+ acres Rental Units Up to 90 bedrooms 100% affordable Land RFP issued by Housing Trust 10/2021. Proposal received 12/2021 and selected by Trust. Numerical Goal M ethodology State regulations and DHCD guidelines require that the Housing Production Plan include a numeric goal for annual housing production that would increase the number SHI-eligible units by at least a 0.5 percent of the municipality’s total year-round housing units as determined by the current decennial census. Achieving this goal in a given year allows municipalities with an approved HPP to request a one-year certification granting “safe harbor” that allows more flexibility in managing the comprehensive permit process. The year-round housing count based upon the 2020 Census is not available as of publication of this HPP, but based upon the 2010 Census Year-Round Housing Count, Brewster’s annual numeric goal should be at least 24 units. Estimates based on extrapolated 2020 year- round housing counts yield a slightly higher goal of 25-26 units annually. Ultimately, DHCD will determine the updated 0.5 percent target based upon the 2020 Census year-round housing count when it becomes available, but the tables below are meant to provide the Town with an estimate of the anticipated future “safe harbor” threshold. METHOD #1: Based on 2010 Year-Round Housing Count (Current Official Target) 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Five Year Overall Goal Current Total Year-Round Census Units 4,803 4,803 4,803 4,803 4,803 Target SHI Units 24 24 24 24 24 120 Revised SHI Count 292 316 340 364 388 388 Revised SHI 6.1% 6.6% 7.1% 7.6% 8.1% 8.1% 10% Requirement 480 480 480 480 480 Gap 188 164 140 116 92 92 METHOD #2: Based on Estimated 2020 Year-Round Housing Count, Extrapolated from 2010 Percentage of Vacant Units for Recreational, Seasonal, or Occasional Use 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Five Year Overall Goal Estimated Total Year-Round Census Units 5,180 5,180 5,180 5,180 5,180 Target SHI Units 26 26 26 26 26 130 Revised SHI Count 294 320 346 372 398 398 Revised SHI 5.7% 6.2% 6.7% 7.2% 7.7% 7.7% 10% Requirement 518 518 518 518 518 Gap 224 198 172 146 121 121 METHOD #3: Based on Estimated 2020 Year-Round Housing Count, Extrapolated from 2010 Percentage of Total Housing Units for Year-Round Housing 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Five Year Overall Goal Estimated Total Year-Round Census Units 4,981 4,981 4,981 4,981 4,981 Target SHI Units 25 25 25 25 25 125 Revised SHI Count 293 318 343 368 393 393 Revised SHI 5.9% 6.4% 6.9% 7.4% 7.9% 7.9% 10% Requirement 498 498 498 498 498 Gap 205 180 155 131 106 106 BREWSTER 2022 HOUSING PRODUCTION PLAN APPENDIX D BREWSTER HOUSING PRODUCTION PLAN APPENDIX E E1 Community Engagement Summary In this section, the “project team” refers to the project consultant (Barrett Planning Group LLC), Brewster Housing Partnership, and Town staff overseeing the development of this Housing Production Plan – Housing Coordinator Jill Scalise and Assistant Town Administrator Donna Kalinick. OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENGAGEMENT The Town of Brewster and Housing Production Plan project team provided multiple opportunities for participation by local officials and the community at large to guide the development of this plan, as outlined in the sections below. Regular Housing Partnership Meetings The Brewster Housing Partnership met monthly from March 2022 through June 2022 to discuss the development of this plan with Town staff and the consultant team. Meeting dates and topics were as follows: February 10, 2022. During this kickoff meeting, Barrett Planning Group reviewed the project timeline, community engagement plan, and community survey with the Housing Partnership. March 10, 2022. Barrett Planning Group discussed the community survey launch, plan for promotion, and findings of small group interviews. In addition, Barrett Planning Group proposed a strategy called a “Meeting in a Box” (later updated to a “Community Conversation”) to the Housing Partnership as a means for creating additional community engagement opportunities. March 31, 2022. Barrett Planning Group presented preliminary takeaways from community survey and highlights of the Needs Assessment. The project team also discussed the final protocol for the Community Conversations, and reviewed plans for the April 28, 2022 community meeting. April 21, 2022. Barrett Planning Group shared draft slides and plans for the April 28, 2022 community meeting with the project team. May 19, 2022. The project team discussed draft goals and strategies for the plan. [June 2022] E2 Small Group Interviews During the month of March 2022, the consultant team conducted small group interviews with a total of thirty-five individuals familiar with Brewster’s housing needs to get a sense of what has changed since the last HPP and what needs still remain. Participants included Town staff, members of Town bodies, representation from housing advocacy groups and social service providers, members of the business community, realtors, and residents. Common themes from these conversations include: •There is an insufficient supply of year-round rental units – and some participants made observations that this is worsening as more renter households are displaced due to the property owner wanting to sell or convert to short-term rentals. •The cost of homes has become astronomical (this not unique to Brewster, but a challenge nonetheless). •Businesses and some Town departments have difficulty staffing, recruiting, and retaining employees. •While there isn’t agreement about precise solutions to these issues, there is consensus that there is a housing crisis – and the community at large seems to be more aware and willing to engage in dialogue about this issue. •The best ways to educate people should focus on: personal stories that highlight the need of neighbors, those in the community, etc.; the reality of the income levels/limits and different jobs; and the link between services and housing. •Environmental concerns raised during this process will primarily focus on water protection, but tree removal and land disruption are also common concerns. •Well-received projects tend to have one or more of the following qualities: the project went through a respectful process where people felt their concerns were heard; the project involved redevelopment or reuse of existing buildings; the project featured Cape-friendly design; and the project was for ownership. •Sites identified for future housing development included the Sea Camps properties (although there was a lack of clarity/consensus from participants about which of the two parcels made better sense for housing), Eddy School if the elementary schools consolidate, shifting of municipal spaces that could allow for reuse of buildings, and focusing on mixed use development in commercial corridors. E3 Community Survey A community survey was available online and in paper form from March 10 through April 8, 2022. This survey asked questions about the respondent’s own housing needs as well as their perspectives on the needs of the community. A total of 881 individuals participated in this survey, the results of which are included in the next section of this Appendix E. Community Conversations The project team developed “Community Conversations” kits and made this opportunity publicly available. The tool included all materials needed for volunteer hosts to hold conversations in smaller settings with fellow community members. There were at least three such conversations held, including one at the Council on Aging, one with the Brewster Affordable Housing Trust during their May 5, 2022 meeting, and one held at a housing location. The feedback during these meetings was reflective of themes, concerns, and ideas heard throughout this process. Community Meeting The Housing Partnership hosted a virtual community meeting on April 28, 2022 to share key findings from the Needs Assessment and invite participants to join breakout groups focused on the following topics: housing needs; development constraints; mapping housing solutions; housing goals and strategies; and regional context. Common themes that came out of the group discussions included: • There is a desperate need for increasing the number of affordable rental units in Brewster. • Renter households are suffering from increasing rents or displacement because property owners are either raising rents, want to sell, or are shifting to short-term or seasonal rental model. • Some participants had strong concerns about the impact of short-term rentals on housing and wanted the Town to take more action. • There is a labor shortage due to low wages not meeting increasing rents. • Some participants noted that Brewster and Harwich used to be communities where people could have families, working class communities, but this is changing. • Some strategies raised by participants included offering tax abatements or incentives, placing a cap on seasonal rentals, focusing on redevelopment of underutilized properties, and encouraging more ADUs. • Regional projects have had a lot of value and the Town should continue to look at regional partnerships. • Multifamily housing is more likely to be accepted if it looks more like Cape homes. In addition, top-of-the-shop housing could provide a lot of opportunity for year-round housing for people who work in Brewster. The results of the group mapping exercise are provided on the next page. MassGIS, Esri Canada, Esri, HERE, Garmin, USGS, NGA, EPA, USDA, NPS | Massachusetts Highway Survey Section, MassGIS. Identified sites and notes generated from community meeting responses, April 28, 2022. Participants also identified some private properties in addition to these general areas and Town-owned parcels. MEETING NOTES 1. Foster Square — Add rental housing, mixed-use zoning. 2. Lemon Tree Shops — Add rental housing, mixed-use zoning. 3. Village Business district by Orleans — Mixed-use options, easy transportation (so close to bus stop, able to walk to Brewster Farms market). Important for people to walk to places they need to go to. 4. Underpass Road — More mixed-use opportunities in the commercial district by Underpass Rd. 5. Route 6A from Eddy Elementary to the Orleans Town Line — This is part of the area of Town to get some apartments over businesses, both rental and home ownership options. Not in the watershed, properties available to develop. The Town would need to discuss potential zoning changes. 6. Sea Camps Bay — Buildings that are on the could provide housing options. 7. Long Pond Parcel — access to major roads, especially if sited fairly close to 137 so utilities would not have to be brought too far. 8. Proactively watch for vacant buildings that could be reused as housing especially if parking is there already. 9. Spruce Hill Property — There is an existing empty house. Conservation land, so can’t build new building but the existing structure may be able to be repurposed. 10. One of the schools (Eddy or Stony Brook) if consolidation takes place –— Already has utilities, parking, space. This site has also been discussed as a potential community center. Could combine a community center with housing within walking distance. 11. Land by the police station — Is there additional space there? Target areas not in zone 2 and far enough away from wetlands. 12. Area by the town owned sand pit — Target areas not in zone 2 and far enough away from wetlands. 13. Village business districts and commercial areas — Will need to address zoning and should be evaluated on a case by case basis. For example, if you are talking about an industrial area depending on nature of business may not be appropriate to have residential but some would be fine. 14. Multi-generational housing on Town-owned land. 15. Area by Snowy Owl and Foster Square — mixed use zoning – Great because people work there, walk to businesses walk to work. There are sidewalks there. Walkable areas and easy transportation. Figure E1. Mapping Activity - Sites for Development of Affordable Housing E4 E5 FOCUS GROUPS Between May 10 and May 20, 2022, the consultant team conducted eight focus groups with Town staff, nonprofit and for-profit developers, representation from regional housing partners, and members from Town bodies, a total of approximately twenty-five participants. Attendees were asked to review and provide comments on draft strategies for the HPP before they were integrated into the draft plan. PRESENTATION TO SELECT BOARD AND PLANNING BOARD On June 6, 2022, the consultant team presented the Needs Assessment, Goals, and Implementation Strategies to the Select Board and Planning Board for their review. Both boards were invited to provide comments through the Housing Office on the presentation. SECOND COMMUNITY MEETING ON DRAFT PLAN [PLANNED FOR JUNE 16, 2022; SECTION WILL BE UPDATED] PUBLIC COMMENT PERIOD [TO BE OPEN THROUGH JUNE 30, 2022; SECTION WILL BE UPDATED] FINAL PUBLIC HEARING AND PLAN ADOPTION [PLANNED FOR JULY 11, 2022; SECTION WILL BE UPDATED] E6 COMMUNITY SURVEY SUMMARY – GENERAL RESPONSES The next section of this Appendix provides a detailed analysis of responses. Open responses to applicable questions are available at the Brewster Housing Office upon request. 603 156 107 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Yes, I live in Brewster year-round Yes, I live in Brewster seasonally No Do you currently live in Brewster, either seasonally or year-round? (866 responses) 1 16 68 99 80 196 269 118 16 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Under 18 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85 or older What is your age? (863 responses) 2 13 8 6 1 786 23 23 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 American Indian or Alaska Native Asian or Asian American Black or African American Hispanic or Latino (any race) Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander White or Caucasian Mixed race/more than one race Other (please specify) Which of the following racial or ethnic categories best describe you? Select all that apply. (843 responses -multiple answers allowed) E7 266 55 9 138 359 16 21 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 I work full-time for an employer. I work part-time for an employer. I work seasonally for an employer. I am self- employed/own my own business. I am retired.I am unemployed.Other (please specify). What describes your current employment status? (864 responses) 35 0 3 10 52 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 I work in Brewster. I own a business based in Brewster. I own rental property in Brewster. I work for a social service provider or other agency assisting Brewster residents. Other (please specify) You indicated that you do not reside in Brewster. What is your connection to Brewster? (100 responses; non-residents only) 33 45 29 0 10 20 30 40 50 Yes No Unsure Are you considering moving to Brewster or do you want to move to Brewster within the next five years? (107 responses; non-residents only) E8 24 114 134 181 153 147 0 50 100 150 200 Less than one year 1-4 years 5-9 years 10-19 years 20-29 years 30+ years How long have you lived in Brewster? (753 responses; residents only) 204 273 231 39 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Precinct 1 Precinct 2 Precinct 3 Unsure In which voting precinct do you live? (747 responses; residents only) 81 297 341 35 0 100 200 300 400 Rent Own, and my mortgage is paid off Own, and I am still paying my mortgage Other - please specify Do you rent or own your home in Brewster? (754 responses; residents only) E9 626 69 5 6 27 4 1 15 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Single family (detached) Townhouse or condo Duplex/2-unit building 3-4 unit building 5+ unit building Accesory Dwelling Unit (ADU) Group home Other - please specify What type of home do you live in? (753 responses; residents only) 48 64 150 492 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Very likely Moderately likely Slightly likely Not at all likely How likely are you to move out of Brewster in the next five years? (754 responses; residents only) 463 187 65 30 0 100 200 300 400 500 Very important Moderately important Slightly important Not at all important How important is it for you to stay in Brewster as you age? (745 resonses; residents only) E10 58 19 7 12 2 10 1 7 16 4 6 31 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Housing/living costs have become too high Home no longer meets my or my household's needs Prefer or need accessible housing Concerns about development changing the town's character Concerns about sea level rise Employment opportunities School choice Seeking additional community services/local amenities Would like to live in a different climate (weather) Children finished school None of the above Other - please specify You’ve indicated that it is very likely or moderately likely that you will move out of Brewster in the next five years. Which of the following factors do you believe most influence your likelihood of moving out of Brewster? Select all that apply. (110 responses -multiple answers allowed; residents only based on previous response) 227 129 145 227 95 132 134 145 84 0 50 100 150 200 250 Affordability of housing costs Accessibility improvements to home (e.g., installation of ramps, grab bars, first floor living) More transit options (e.g., buses, ride shares/taxis) Expanded community services (e.g., health and wellness services/programs) Availability of "lifestyle housing" (i.e., designed for active older adults, including single- family and/or multi-family with social or recreational amenities such as clubhouses) Availability of "service-enriched housing" (i.e., offers a set of services intended to meet residents' evolving needs) or expanded homebased services Availability of housing in walkable neighborhood None of the above Other - please specify You've indicated that it is very important or moderately important to stay in Brewster as you age. What factors need to change/improve to enable you to stay in the community as you age? Select all that apply. (644 responses -multiple answers allowed; residents only based on previous response) E11 4 23 36 24 4 00 10 20 30 40 Studio 1 bedroom 2 bedrooms 3 bedrooms 4 bedrooms More than 4 bedrooms How many bedrooms would your household need to live comfortably in a rental home in Brewster? (91 responses; non-residents or current non-homeowner residents only based on previous response) 59 48 33 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Yes No Unsure Are you currently looking or do you anticipate looking for rental housing in Brewster within the next five years? (140 responses; non-residents or current non- homeowner residents only) 8 31 65 33 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Very likely Slighly likely Not at all likely Unsure How likely is it that you will buy a home in Brewster in the next five years? (137 responses; non-residents or current non-homeowner residents only) E12 15 96 22 13 5 8 13 12 4 0 25 50 75 100 125 I do not intend to buy a home in the next 10 years. Lack of available housing in my price range (location, size, quality, etc.) I do not qualify to buy a home. Extend and/or proximity of employment opportunities School options Type/exten of local amenities (parks, recreation, libraries, houses of worship) Proximity to family and/or friends None of the above Other - please specify You've indicated that buying a home in Brewster within the next five years is slightly likely, not likely, or that you are unsure. Which of the following factors most influence this decision? Select all that apply. (127 responses -multiple answes allowed; non-residents or current non-homeowner residents only based on previous response) 38 765 4 8 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Yes No Unsure Other - please specify Do you receive any income-based housing assistance or live in a housing unit with income restrictions? (815 responses; current residents or non-residents interested in moving to Brewster only) 93 83 614 23 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Yes, and I/we have not yet financially recovered. Yes, but I/we have since financially recovered. No Unsure Did you or anyone in your household experience a significant loss of wage or salary income due to the COVID-19 pandemic? (813 responses; current residents or non-residents interested in moving to Brewster only) E13 44 37 81 14 633 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Every month Most months Some months One month Never; we have not had problems paying for housing costs How often in the last 12 months did you find it hard to pay your rent, mortgage, or other housing costs? (809 responses; current residents or non-residents interested in moving to Brewster only) 406 280 120 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Yes No Unsure According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the 2022 “fair market rents” for Brewster’s metropolitan statistical area (MSA) are as follows: 1br: $1,428; 2br: $1,879; 3br: $2,323; 4br: $2,548. If you needed to seek rental housing today based on your household size, would you be able to afford rent at these prices? (806 responses; current residents or non-residents interested in moving to Brewster only) 282 431 97 0 100 200 300 400 500 Yes No Unsure The median sales price for a single-family home in Brewster was $655,000 in 2021. If you were to buy today, would you be able to afford to purchase a home in Brewster at this price? (810 responses; current residents or non-residents interested in moving to Brewster only) 163 649 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Yes No Do you have children under 18 who reside in your household for more than 3 months/year? (812 responses; current residents or non-residents interested in moving to Brewster only) E14 356 165 280 7 1 2 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 0 1 2 3 4 5 or more How many members of your household are 65 or older, including yourself? (811 responses; current residents or non-residents interested in moving to Brewster only) 108 681 11 15 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Yes No Unsure Other - please specify Does anyone in your household have a disability (any physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activity)? (815 responses; current residents or non-residents interested in moving to Brewster only) 36 86 8 4 0 20 40 60 80 100 Yes (please feel free to identify your support organizations or agencies) No Unsure Other - please specify Do you or any member(s) of your household receive support services through an outside organization or agency to assist with home or life activities? (134 responses; households with someone with disability only) 19 93 14 7 0 20 40 60 80 100 Yes No Unsure Other - please specify Do you or any member(s) of your household require assistive services that you/they are unable to afford or access for some other reason? (133 responses; households with someone with disability only) E15 644 39 23 41 2 59 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 No, I have not considered having a roommate or live-in aide or do not need one. Yes, I have considered having a roommate but do not currently have one. Yes, I have considered having a live-in aide but do not currently have one. Yes, I currently have a roommate. Yes, I currently have a live-in aide. Unsure/Other (please specify) Do you currently have or have you considered having a roommate or live-in aide? (808 responses; current residents or non-residents interested in moving to Brewster only) 443 294 519 638 314 338 234 169 97 215 97 38 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Brewster is welcoming to people all of races, ethnicities, and cultural backgrounds. Brewster is welcoming to people of all socioeconomic backgrounds. Brewster is welcoming to families with children. Brewster is welcoming to older adults. Please indicate your thoughts on the following statements. (Between 845 and 854 responses -varies per statement) Agree Unsure/Neutral Disagree E16 515 62 201 240 170 202 104 88 239 296 69 25 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Helping people stay in year- round housing that is affordable to them Creating housing with convenient access to amenities Creating housing with a mix of price ranges Creating more housing options/choices Preservation of existing housing Ensuring that new housing is sustainably built (environmentally responsible, energy efficient, and resource- efficient design and materials) Creating mixed- use development with retail on the ground level and residential space on upper floors Making additional funds available to improve public housing Attracting families with children Helping people stay in the community as they age Other - please specify None of the above Which of the following housing initiatives are most important to you? (856 responses -allowed to check up to three answers) E17 28 25 15 64 17 12 103 83 107 239 123 86 581 524 604 278 266 603 142 212 120 262 437 144 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Affordable rental units for individuals or smaller households Affordable rental units for larger households Affordable home ownership opportunities Senior housing Housing for people with disabilities “Starter” homes Do you think Brewster has too much, not enough, or just the right amount of the following specialized categories of housing? (Between 843 and 854 responses -varies per category of housing) Too much Right amount Not enough Unsure/No opinion 86 52 163 51 78 23 458 179 299 142 311 98 171 312 186 447 176 400 122 286 183 197 261 310 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Single family homes (detached) Duplexes Condominiums Apartments Assisted living facilities Accessory dwelling units (smaller dwelling unit within or adjacent to a single-family house) Do you think Brewster has too much, not enough, or just the right amount of the following types of housing? (Between 826 and 837 responses -varies per housing type) Too much Right amount Not enough Unsure/No opinion E18 COMMUNITY SURVEY ANALYSIS The Community Survey for the Brewster Housing Production Plan launched on March 10 and closed on April 8, 2022. The survey was available online as well as in paper-copy at Town Hall, and it was advertised on the Town’s website with the assistance of the Housing Office. The survey received 881 responses in total. The purpose of the survey was to engage members of the Brewster community through an accessible outreach tool and to learn about the housing needs and challenges that exist in Town. The survey included questions about demographics, income, and affiliation with the Town of Brewster to help identify the priorities and interests of different groups. This survey does not constitute a decision- making or voting tool, but its results informed the needs, goals, and recommendations discussed and considered throughout the Housing Production Plan process. Who took the survey? Of 866 respondents who indicated whether they live in Brewster, the majority (69.6 percent) were year-round residents, 18.0 percent were seasonal residents, and 12.4 percent were non-residents. The best-represented age group was 65 to 74 years old, and 53.9 percent of respondents were between the ages of 55 and 74. About equal numbers of respondents were under 25 or over 85, and these groups made up less than 4.0 percent of survey-takers. Figure E2 shows the age distribution of respondents compared with the US Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates for 2016 to 2020. 0. 1 % 1. 9 % 7. 9 % 11 . 5 % 9. 3 % 22 . 7 % 31 . 2 % 13 . 7 % 1. 9 % 13 . 8 % 6. 4 % 8. 5 % 5. 5 % 14 . 5 % 19 . 4 % 18 . 0 % 8. 9 % 5. 0 % 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Under 18 18 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 - 64 65 - 74 75 - 84 85 or older Figure E2. Age Composition of Survey Respondents and Town Population Source: ACS 5-Year Estimates. Table B01001 Survey Respondents ACS Estimates E19 Figure E3 shows the duration that resident respondents have lived in Brewster as a percent of each group of residents. Combined, the largest proportion of respondents (24.0%) have lived in Brewster for 10-19 years, followed by 20.3% for 20-29 years, 19.4% for more than 30 years, 17.8% for 5-9 years, 15.1% for 1-4 years, and 3.2% for less than a year. Only one in five respondents indicated that they had one or more children in their home. More than half of respondents (56.1 percent) have at least one older adult (over 65) in their household. Forty-one respondents had roommates, and two had live-in aides. Between 108 and 134 respondents have members of their household with a disability (this range is because some respondents were unsure or selected “other” and specified health conditions). Of 134 respondents asked whether a member of their household receives supportive services due to disability, 36 (26.9 percent) said yes, and 12 were unsure or selected other. Nineteen respondents indicated their household had a need for supportive services that they were unable to afford or access (for other reasons). Asked about their current employment status, most respondents indicated that they work, 41.6 percent are retired, and 1.9 percent are unemployed. Figure E4 illustrates respondents’ employment by residence status, which shows that year-round and seasonal resident respondents had similar employment statistics, but many fewer non-resident respondents were retired (45.0 percent work in Brewster or serve Brewster residents in a professional capacity). 3. 2 % 16 . 4 % 17 . 9 % 22 . 7 % 20 . 4 % 19 . 4 % 3. 2 % 10 . 3 % 17 . 4 % 29 . 0 % 20 . 0 % 20 . 0 % 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% <1 year 1-4 years 5-9 years 10-19 years 20-29 years >30 years Figure E3. Duration of Residence in Brewster by Year-Round or Seasonal Status Year-Round Seasonal E20 The survey captured responses from a population with a racial or ethnic composition that aligned closely with the 2020 Census. Survey takers were able to select as many or as few racial or ethnic categories as they wished, and the list of options matched Census categories. 1 The racial/ethnic breakdown of survey respondents was was within 1 percent of the Town’s population statistics for all categories except Hispanic or Latino, White or Caucasian, and Other. Table E1 compares the racial or 1 Because survey takers were able to select multiple options, there were a total of 862 selections by 843 respondents. This is the reason that the “Survey Percent” column adds up to more than 100 percent. Because Hispanic or Latino origin is considered an ethnicity rather than race, the U.S. Census Bureau breaks down race into Hispanic or Latino status (note “any race” designation of Hispanic or Latino population), so the census totals equal 100 percent. 30.7% 6.0% 0.8% 15.8% 43.2% 1.3% 2.2% 20.5% 6.4% 0.6% 19.2% 48.1% 3.2% 1.9% 46.7% 7.6% 2.9% 12.4% 22.9% 2.9% 4.8% 0%10%20%30%40%50%60% I work full-time for an employer. I work part-time for an employer. I work seasonally for an employer. I am self-employed/own my own business. I am retired. I am unemployed. Other (please specify) Figure E4. Respondents' Employment Status by Residence Status Year-round Seasonal Non-resident E21 ethnic composition of the survey respondents with census data. Sixteen of the respondents who selected “other” expressed their unwillingness to answer or asked about the relevance of racial or ethnic demographics to the Housing Production Plan’s Community Survey. The purpose of the question was to help the team assess the effectiveness of outreach in engaging a cross-section of the members of the Brewster community and to evaluate if there is or could be a relationship between race or ethnicity and housing needs or perceptions of housing needs in Brewster. Table E1. Demographic Comparison: Survey Respondents and 2020 US Decennial Census Race or Ethnicity* Survey 2020 Census Comparison Number Percent Number Percent Survey % - Census % American Indian or Alaska Native 2 0.2% 17 0.2% 0.1% Asian or Asian American 13 1.5% 104 1.0% 0.5% Black or African American 8 0.9% 161 1.6% -0.6% Hispanic or Latino (any race) 6 0.7% 306 3.0% -2.3% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 1 0.1% 7 0.1% 0.1% White or Caucasian 786 93.2% 9,363 90.7% 2.5% Mixed race/more than one race 23 2.7% 314 3.0% -0.3% Other (please specify) 23 2.7% 46 0.5% 2.3% Total 843 102.3% 10,318 100.0% Source: 2020 US Decennial Census. Survey total does not equal 100 percent because participants were able to select more than one option. What did we hear about housing in Brewster today? Survey takers were asked whether they rent or own their homes and about their mortgage status. More than four out of five respondents indicated that they own their homes, and Figure E4 illustrates the relatively even split between homeowners who did and did not have remaining mortgage obligations. This question provided a useful point of comparison versus ACS data and sought to clarify whether mentions of high housing costs are the result of mortgage payments, property taxes and utility costs, or a combination of these. According to ACS data, 38.1 percent of housing units in Brewster do not have a mortgage, and 39.4 percent of respondents paid off their mortgages, so responses were well-aligned with official estimates. The proportion of year-round renters among respondents (10.2 percent) was also close to estimates of the Town’s housing stock occupied by year- round renter households (8.2 percent). Figure E5 shows the tenure of year-round and seasonal Brewster residents, and it provides both the number of responses (left) and proportions of each group of residents represented in each tenure category (right). This figure shows that the proportion of seasonal residents without a mortgage on their homes in Brewster is more than 20 percent higher than that of year-round residents. Residents who rent year-round in Brewster responded at a considerably higher rate than seasonal resident renters. E22 Table E2 shows the housing types of year-round and seasonal residents, and it shows that while most respondents (regardless of residence status) live in single-family homes, townhouses and condos are also particularly popular among seasonal residents. Table E2. Respondents’ Housing Type by Residence Status Housing Type Year-round Seasonal Number Percent Number Percent Single family (detached) 507 84.9% 119 76.3% Townhouse or condo 35 5.9% 34 21.8% Duplex/2-unit building 5 0.8% 0 0.0% 3–4-unit building 6 1.0% 0 0.0% 5+ unit building 26 4.4% 1 0.6% Accessory dwelling unit (ADU) 4 0.7% 0 0.0% Group home 1 0.2% 0 0.0% Other - please specify 13 2.2% 2 1.3% Total 597 156 12.8% 34.8% 47.2% 5.2%2.6% 57.1% 37.7% 2.6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Rent Own, and my mortgage is paid off Own, and I am still paying my mortgage Other Figure E5. Resident Tenure by Residence Status Year-round Seasonal E23 Thirty-eight respondents were residents of income-restricted housing units: 32 were year-round Brewster residents, and 6 were non-residents. Three respondents wrote-in answers to this question indicating their unmet needs for affordable units. More than 1 in 5 respondents (22.6 percent) indicated that their households suffered losses in income related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and about half of these respondents (10.2 percent) report that they have not yet financially recovered. Figure E6 shows how often respondents reported they had difficulties paying their housing costs in the past year. Among respondents, seasonal residents had the least difficulty paying housing costs (91.7 percent report “never”), while about a quarter of year-round residents and nearly half of non- residents had trouble one or more months. Figure E7 also shows how often respondents had difficulties paying their housing expenses, and it groups respondents by tenure type. Less than 40 percent of renter respondents indicated never having trouble paying their housing expenses, whereas 85.3 percent of homeowners reported no difficulty. 5.9%4.4%10.5% 1.7% 77.5% 1.9%1.3%5.1%0.0% 91.7% 9.7%14.5%17.7% 6.5% 51.6% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Every month Most months Some months One month Never Figure E6. Respondents’ Frequency of Difficulty Paying Housing Costs in the Past Year by Residence Status Year-round Seasonal Non-resident 18 . 4 % 13 . 2 % 28 . 9 % 1. 3 % 38 . 2 % 1. 4 % 1. 0 % 3. 1 % 0. 7 % 93 . 9 % 4. 1 % 2. 6 % 10 . 0 % 1. 8 % 81 . 5 % 15 . 2 % 18 . 2 % 15 . 2 % 3. 0 % 48 . 5 % 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Every month Most months Some months One month Never Figure E7. Respondents’ Frequency of Difficulty Paying Housing Costs in the Past Year by Tenure Rent Own, and my mortgage is paid off Own, and I am still paying my mortgage Other E24 The survey presented respondents with the median sales price for single-family homes in Brewster in 2021 as well as 2022 “fair market rents” (from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development) for apartments with 1-4 bedrooms in Brewster’s area. We asked survey takers whether they would be able to afford to buy or rent at these prices today. Figure E8 shows the combined results of these questions for year-round, seasonal, and non- residents. Less than one third of year-round resident respondents said they could afford to buy today, and less than half said they could rent. More seasonal resident respondents reported being able to afford current prices, and considerably fewer non-resident respondents reported that they would be able to afford to move to Brewster today. What did we hear about the future? More than 85 percent of resident survey takers reported that they are unlikely (either “not at all likely” or “slightly likely”) to move out of Brewster in the next five years, and more than 87 percent reported that it was very or moderately important to stay in Brewster as they age. If respondents indicated that they were somewhat likely to move, the survey asked about factors that will influence the decision. Of 110 respondents who received the question, 58 respondents (52.7 percent) cited high housing/living expenses. About a quarter of respondents wrote in their own answers, which was the second most common selection. These responses varied considerably, but several suggested that changes in their housing or financial circumstances will render them unable to stay in Brewster. 32.2% 47.6% 54.8% 37.8% 13.0% 14.6% 53.8% 66.9% 36.5% 17.5% 9.6% 15.6% 11.5% 35.5% 80.3% 48.4% 8.2% 16.1% 0%20%40%60%80%100% Yes, I could buy Yes, I could rent No, I could not buy No, I could not rent Unsure whether I could buy Unsure whether I could rent Figure E8. Respondents' Ability to Buy or Rent Homes in Brewster at Current Prices by Residence Status Year-round Seasonal Non-resident E25 Similarly, for those who indicated it was important to them to age in Brewster (of whom there were 644), affordability of housing costs and expanded access to community services were each selected by 35.2 percent of respondents as factors that would need to change or improve to enable respondents to stay in the community. Nearly one quarter of respondents indicated that no changes or improvements would be necessary, but there was a statistically significant difference between responses from year- round and seasonal residents, with seasonal resident respondents citing no barriers to aging in Brewster at a rate more than 10 percent higher than that of year-round residents. Ninety-two respondents indicated that they will or may be looking for rental housing in Brewster in the next five years: 36 indicated they would look for a 2-bedroom rental home, 24 for 3 bedrooms, 23 for 1 bedroom, and 4 each said they would need 4 bedrooms or studio units. Renter and non-resident respondents were also asked whether they would buy a home in Brewster in the next five years, and about half said that was not at all likely. Among non-resident respondents, 42.1 percent indicated that they are not considering moving to Brewster within the next five years (“yes” and “unsure” were separated by 3.7 percent). Of 127 respondents who indicated they were unlikely to buy a home in Brewster soon, 96 (75.6 percent) cited lack of available housing in their price range. FUTURE PRIORITIES We asked respondents about housing initiatives that are important to them, and we asked them to select their top three priorities. The most popular selection (by a margin of 25 percent) was helping people stay in year-round housing that is affordable to them with support from 60.2 percent of respondents overall. This option was the top choice among year-round and non-residents, but the top choice among seasonal residents was helping people stay in the community as they age, which was second most popular overall. Figure E9 illustrates the percentages of respondents who selected each answer among year-round, seasonal, and non- residents as well as the combined total popularity of each response. E26 62.4% 31.8% 26.2% 30.3% 23.9% 22.4% 20.6% 13.4% 10.6% 9.5% 6.5% 2.0% 41.0% 45.5% 21.2% 23.7% 26.3% 25.6% 25.0% 6.4% 6.4% 5.1% 12.2% 4.5% 69.2% 30.8% 45.8% 17.8% 15.9% 24.3% 6.5% 12.1% 13.1% 3.7% 3.7% 4.7% 60.2% 34.6% 28.0% 27.9% 23.6% 23.5% 19.9% 12.1% 10.3% 8.1% 7.2% 2.9% 0%20%40%60%80%100% Helping people stay in year-round housing that is affordable to them Helping people stay in the community as they age Creating more housing options/choices Attracting families with children Ensuring that new housing is sustainably built (e.g., environmentally responsible, energy efficient, and resource-efficient design and materials) Creating housing with a mix of price ranges Preservation of existing housing Creating mixed-use development with retail on the ground level and residential space on upper floors Making additional funds available to improve public housing Other - please specify Creating housing with convenient access to amenities None of the above Figure E9. Top Housing Initiatives by Residence Status and Overall Popularity Year-round Seasonal Non-resident Overall E27 The survey asked respondents to respond to a series of statements about whether Brewster is welcoming to different populations: people of all races, ethnicities, and cultural backgrounds; people of all socioeconomic backgrounds; families with children; and older adults. Figure E10 shows the percentage of respondents who gave each answer. More than three-quarters of respondents agreed that Brewster is welcoming to older adults, but only about a third (34.7 percent) agreed that Brewster is welcome to people of all socioeconomic backgrounds. The largest difference in agreement between year-round, seasonal, and non- residents showed that while 72.4 percent of seasonal residents agree that Brewster is welcoming to families with children, 59.9 percent of year-round residents agreed, and only 50.5 percent of non-residents agreed. Respondents indicated how they felt about the quantity of homes in Brewster for households looking for homes that accommodate specialized housing needs. Figure E11 shows that at least 60 percent of respondents indicated that there were not enough affordable homes, regardless of whether they serve large or small households. There was even stronger response (71.4 percent) indicating that the number of affordable homeownership opportunities and “starter” homes in Brewster was not enough. There was some variation by residence status, but in general, year-round and non-resident populations indicated that there were not enough of each of the specialized housing type at rates between 9 percentage points (senior housing) and 33 percentage points (large affordable units) higher than those of seasonal residents. 51.9% 34.7% 61.1% 75.5% 36.8%39.9% 27.5% 20.0% 11.4% 25.4% 11.4% 4.5% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Brewster is welcoming to people all of races, ethnicities, and cultural backgrounds. Brewster is welcoming to people of all socioeconomic backgrounds. Brewster is welcoming to families with children. Brewster is welcoming to older adults. Figure E10. Is Brewster Welcoming to Different Groups of People? Agree Unsure/Neutral Disagree E28 Survey respondents indicated how they felt about the number of housing units in Brewster of several housing types. Figure E11 shows that more than half of survey respondents think Brewster has the right amount of single family detached homes and not enough apartments. If respondents had opinions on the number of accessory dwelling units (ADUs), they tended to respond that there were not enough (only 14.6 percent said there were too many or the right amount). There was greater variability in answers about duplexes, condos, and assisted living facilities. There was also considerable variation in the opinions of survey respondents about the composition of Brewster’s housing mix between year-round, seasonal, and non- resident respondents. Using the same data as is presented in Figure E12, Figures E13-E18 shows the responses of year-round, seasonal, and non-residents for each housing type. 3. 3 % 3. 0 % 1. 8 % 7. 6 % 2. 0 % 1. 4 % 12 . 1 % 9. 8 % 12 . 6 % 28 . 4 % 14 . 6 % 10 . 2 % 68 . 0 % 62 . 1 % 71 . 4 % 33 . 0 % 31 . 6 % 71 . 4 % 16 . 6 % 25 . 1 % 14 . 2 % 31 . 1 % 51 . 8 % 17 . 0 % 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Affordable rental units for individuals or smaller households Affordable rental units for larger households Affordable home ownership opportunities Senior housing Housing for people with disabilities “Starter” homes Figure E11. Sufficiency of Specialized Housing Options Too much Right amount Not enough Unsure/No opinion E29 10 . 3 % 6. 3 % 19 . 6 % 6. 1 % 9. 4 % 2. 8 % 54 . 7 % 21 . 6 % 36 . 0 % 17 . 0 % 37 . 7 % 11 . 8 % 20 . 4 % 37 . 6 % 22 . 4 % 53 . 4 % 21 . 3 % 48 . 1 % 14 . 6 % 34 . 5 % 22 . 0 % 23 . 5 % 31 . 6 % 37 . 3 % 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Single family homes (detached) Duplexes Condominiums Apartments Assisted living facilities Accessory dwelling units Figure E12. Opinion on Sufficiency of Housing Mix Too much Right amount Not enough Unsure/No opinion 11 . 8 % 53 . 9 % 21 . 3 % 13 . 0 % 5. 4 % 67 . 6 % 10 . 8 % 16 . 2 % 8. 9 % 40 . 6 % 28 . 7 % 21 . 8 % 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Too much Right amount Not enough Unsure/No opinion Figure E13. Opinion on Sufficiency of Single Family Homes According to Residency Status Year-round Seasonal Non-resident 5. 7 % 21 . 5 % 42 . 2 % 30 . 6 % 10 . 3 % 25 . 3 % 17 . 8 % 46 . 6 % 4. 0 % 16 . 0 % 41 . 0 % 39 . 0 % 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Too much Right amount Not enough Unsure/No opinion Figure E14. Opinion on Sufficiency of Duplexes According to Residency Status Year-round Seasonal Non-resident E30 19 . 0 % 38 . 6 % 22 . 6 % 19 . 7 % 26 . 0 % 33 . 6 % 13 . 7 % 26 . 7 % 14 . 0 % 24 . 0 % 34 . 0 % 28 . 0 % 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Too much Right amount Not enough Unsure/No opinion Figure E15. Opinion on Sufficiency of Condominiums According to Residency Status Year-round Seasonal Non-resident 5. 3 % 16 . 0 % 58 . 7 % 20 . 0 % 8. 8 % 25 . 9 % 29 . 3 % 36 . 1 % 6. 9 % 8. 8 % 58 . 8 % 25 . 5 % 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Too much Right amount Not enough Unsure/No opinion Figure E16. Opinion on Sufficiency of Apartments According to Residency Status Year-round Seasonal Non-resident 2. 7 % 12 . 0 % 55 . 0 % 30 . 3 % 2. 8 % 13 . 9 % 24 . 3 % 59 . 0 % 3. 0 % 7. 0 % 43 . 0 % 47 . 0 % 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Too much Right amount Not enough Unsure/No opinion Figure E18. Opinion on Sufficiency of Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) According to Residency Status Year-round Seasonal Non-resident 10 . 2 % 40 . 7 % 22 . 1 % 27 . 0 % 6. 9 % 32 . 4 % 19 . 3 % 41 . 4 % 8. 9 % 27 . 7 % 19 . 8 % 43 . 6 % 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Too much Right amount Not enough Unsure/No opinion Figure E17. Opinion on Sufficiency of Assisted Living Facilities According to Residency Status Year-round Seasonal Non-resident E31 Figure E19 shows the most common words respondents used to describe the most significant barriers to affordable housing in Brewster. Prices and costs were the most popular responses, but other common themes included land availability, housing availability, the Town zoning bylaw and building restrictions, seasonal rentals, and low wages. A full record of open responses can be viewed upon request at the Brewster Housing Office. Figure E19. Word Cloud of Barriers to Affordable Housing in Brewster BREWSTER WOODS Brewster, MA 29 new affordable rental homes for families Affordable and Voucher Programs One, Two, and Three-Bedroom Apartments in a BRAND NEW modern community! Anticipated Move-In Date: Fall 2022 Off-street parking, central laundry, tenant storage, on-site management & 24-hour emergency maintenance! LOTTERY APPLICATION DEADLINE: July 1, 2022 Applicants for all units will be chosen through a lottery which will be held within 30 days of the deadline. Attend our Informational Meeting Zoom Call Wednesday May 18th www.HAConCapeCod.org/Lotteries to Register TO REQUEST AN APPLICATION Email: CCRE@haconcapecod.org Application available for download at www.haconcapecod.org/lotteries Call: 508‐771‐5400 EXT 284 Visit: Housing Assistance Corporation 460 W Main St, Hyannis, MA 02601 508-771-5400; TTY on all lines Also available at the Brewster Town Hall and Brewster Ladies Library Applications must be fully completed and received or postmarked by July 1, 2022 Mail completed applications to: Housing Assistance Corporation c/o Brewster Woods 460 W Main St, Hyannis, MA 02601 Or scan and email to: CCRE@haconcapecod.org MONTHLY RENT Size Planned Monthly Rent (non Section 8 PBV / 811) 1 Bedroom 60%: $1,094 2 Bedroom 60%: $1,312 INCOME LIMITS - Maximum Gross Income Household Size (# of people) 30% AMI—Project Based Section 8 (7 units) 60% AMI—Tax Credit (19 units) 1 n/a $40,860 2 $23,340 $46,680 3 $26,250 $52,500 4 $29,160 $58,320 5 $31,500 n/a 6 $33,840 n/a Minimum Gross Annual Income Limits Based on Bedroom Size (for apart- ments without Section 8 PBV) unless tenant has a voucher: Size Minimum (60%) 1 Bedroom $31,179 2 Bedroom $37,392 Applicants below min. income but with sufficient assets to cover rent are encouraged to apply. There are 7 units with Section 8 PBV Project Based Subsidies. Submit an application to the lottery for consideration for these units. Rent for Section 8 PBV will be 30% of household adjusted gross income. Preference to homeless applicants. Rent includes heating, cooling, water, sewer, electric Unit Mix 1BR 2BR 3BR Section 811* 3 PBV—30% AMI 4 3 60% AMI 5 14 Total 8 18 3 *Section 811 not part of the lottery process Affordable Home Rental Lottery Serenity Apartments at Brewster Age 55 and older community Income and Asset Limits apply 80% AMI Information Session Zoom Call on Wednesday, May 11th, 2022 at 5:30PM Registration Required Visit www.HAConCapeCod.org/Lotteries to Register Application Deadline Applications must be submitted by 5PM on July 1st, 2022. Applications must be complete with required documentation. Paper applications can be returned at Housing Assistance Corporation; 460 West Main Street, Hyannis, MA 02601. CCRE@haconcapecod.org ; 508- 771-5400 EXT 284 Where to find the Application Brewster Town Hall Brewster Ladies Library ·www.haconcapecod.org/lotteries ·HAC Office Available Units and Rent (including utilities) Units will be awarded by Management Company based on availability and/or waiting list post lottery Brewster Housing Partnership Minutes of the April 28, 2022 Housing Production Plan Virtual Community Forum _______________________________________ Members Present: Jillian Douglass, Vanessa Greene, Diane Pansire, Sarah Robinson, Stephen Seaver Guests Present: Donna Kalinick (Assistant Town Administrator), Jill Scalise (Housing Coordinator), Alexis Lanzillotta (Barrett Planning Group), Judi Barrett (Barrett Planning Group), Gregory Zapato (Barrett Planning), Maggie Spade-Aguilar (Housing Trust) and over 20 additional community members. Chair Douglass called the meeting to order at 6:05PM declared a quorum and read the meeting participation statement. Chair Douglass introduced the members of the Housing Partnership and then Jill Scalise, Housing Coordinator. Ms. Scalise began the Housing Production Plan Community Forum. After an update of the current Housing Production Plan accomplishments, Ms. Scalise introduced Alexis Lanzillotta and Judi Barrett of Barrett Planning Group. The Housing Production Plan Update project overview, timeline, survey results, and housing needs assessment highlights were shared. The material presented can be found at housplanpresentation.pdf (brewster-ma.gov) Breakout groups were then held on the following topics: Housing Needs, Development Constraints, Mapping Housing Solutions, Plan Goals & Strategies, and Regional Context. Attendees had the opportunity to participate in three separate breakout groups. The group gathered for closing thoughts from the five breakout groups: For Housing Needs, Ms. Spade -Aguilar shared the people are desperate for an increased number of rental units and the difficulty to meet the increasing rents. For Development Constraints, Ms. Lanzillotta shared about the impact of short-term rentals and the possibility of addressing zoning constraints. For mapping housing Solutions, Ms. Scalise mentioned there was a lot of creativity among all the groups. Participants discussed mixed-use zoning, especially in areas that are walkable and good connections with public transportation. For Plan Goals and Strategies, Ms. Douglass stated one consensus item was people are housing cost overburdened. There is a lack of options. Brainstorm ideas included tax abatements, tax incentives, caps on seasonal and short-term rentals, public purchases of properties through trusts or land banks, redevelopment of commercial or underutilized properties, and expanding ADUs. For Regional Context, Ms. Kalinick noted three major themes: Brewster and Harwich booth used to be working class communities where people could have families but that is no longer the case. Secondly, some of the regional projects the town has been involved in, like Dennis Veterans home and Orleans Cape Cod Village, have a lot of value and we should continue to explore regional partnerships. Lastly in discussing the Cape Cod Commission strategies, there is a need for more multi-family housing in Brewster. This would be more accepted if the design standards were more like Cape homes and fit in the character better. Also, with top of the shop housing, which is multi-family housing, there’s an opportunity for year-round housing for people who work here. Ms. Lanzillotta shared that additional feedback is welcome. Ms. Scalise noted that the presentation slides are available on the Housing Office webpage and thanked everyone for their participation and the Housing Partnership for hosting the forum. Ms. Pansire made a motion to adjourn, seconded by Ms. Robinson. Sarah Robinson-yes, Diane Pansire-yes, Vanessa Greene- yes, Steve Seaver-yes, Jillian Douglass-yes. The meeting was adjourned at approximately 7:55PM. Respectfully submitted, Jill Scalise Housing Coordinator (oft Ewsr Q(C OF cyDERB 41. a N o y Housing Partnership Jitlian Douglass Chair Lisa Forhan Clerk Vanessa Greene Ralph Marotti Diane Pansire Sarah Robinson Steve Seaver Asst. Town Administrator Donna Kalinick Housing Coordinator Jilt Scalise Town of Brewster Housing Partnership 2198 Main St, Brewster, MA 02631 (508) 896-3701 MEETING MINUTES Thursday May 19, 2022 at 6:00 PM Members Present: Vanessa, Sarah, Stephen, Lisa, Jillian Guests: Donna Kalinick, Jill Scalise, Cindy Bingham, Alexis Lanzillotta 1. Call to Order - 6:03 p.m. 2. Declaration of a Quorum -- a Quorum was present. 3. Meeting Participation Statement 4. Recording Statement 5. Housing Production PIan Update and Discussion - Judi Barrett & Alexis Lanzillotta, Barrett Planning Group a. Community Forum Feedback 4.28.2022 - Comments from BHP members - turnout was smaller than hoped, but allowed for the breakout groups to discuss items in more depth. b. Draft Goals and Strategies - Draft provided by Barrett Planning Group (attached to minutes) c. Plan Timetable - June 6 -Initial presentation to the Planning and Select Boards for Feedback; June 16 - next Public Forum (to take place at the Housing Partnership meeting); TBD-recovene Planning and Select Boards. d. Community Meeting on Draft Plan 6PM 6.16.2022 6. Housing Coordinator Update - See attached summary -- Highlight - Brewster Woods and Serenity are both open for applicants. 7. Updates from Liaisons a. Affordable Housing Trust i. Preservation of Affordable Housing & Housing Assistance Corporation Proposal for Community Housing -- still awaiting action from the Select board. b. Community Preservation Committee - not discussed c. Brewster Housing Coalition - not discussed 8. For Your Information/Correspondence- none 9. Matters Not Reasonably Anticipated by the Chair - none 10. Minutes of the April 21, 2022 Housing Partnership Meeting & April 28, 2022 Community Forum (Held for next meeting) 11. Schedule Next Meeting - 6/16/22, 6 p.m. 12. Adjournment - Meeting adjourned at 7:20 p.m. Brewster Housing Production Plan Draft Goals and Strategies May 17, 2022 Regulatory Framework for Housing Production Plan Goals & Strategies Per state regulations, a Housing Production Plan must include the following types of goals and strategies: 760 CMR 56.03(4)(c) Affordable Housing Goals. The HPP shall address the matters set out in the Department's guidelines, including: 1. A mix of types of housing, consistent with community and regional needs that: (a) Is affordable to households at not more than 30% AMI, more than 30% but not more than 80% AMI, and more than 80% but not more than 120% AMI; (b) Provides for a range of housing, including rental, homeownership, and other occupancy arrangements, if any, for families, individuals, persons with special needs, and the elderly; and, (c) Is feasible within the housing market in which they will be situated. 2. A numerical goal for annual housing production, pursuant to which there is an increase in the municipality's number of SHI Eligible Housing units by at least 0.50% of its total units (as determined in accordance with 760 CMR 56.03(3)(a)) during every calendar year included in the HPP, until the overall percentage exceeds the Statutory Minimum set forth in 760 CMR 56.03(3)(a)... 760 CMR 56.03(4)(d) Implementation Strategies. The HPP shall address the matters set out in the Department's guidelines, including an explanation of the specific strategies by which the municipality will achieve its housing production goal, and a schedule for implementation of the goals and strategies for production of units, including all of the following strategies, to the extent applicable: 1. the identification of zoning districts or geographic areas in which the municipality proposes to modify current regulations for the purposes of creating SHI Eligible Housing developments to meet its housing production goal; 2. the identification of specific sites for which the municipality will encourage the filing of Comprehensive Permit applications; 3. characteristics of proposed residential or mixed -use developments that would be preferred by the municipality (examples might include duster developments, adaptive re -use, transit -oriented housing, mixed -use development, inclusionary housing, etc.); and/or 4. municipally owned parcels for which the municipality commits to issue requests for proposals to develop SHI Eligible Housing; and/or Brewster Housing Production Plan Draft Goals and Strategies May 17, 2022 5. participation in regional collaborations addressing housing development. DRAFT Goals for the Brewster 2022 Housing Production Dian Update • Increase the supply of market -rate and affordable rental housing for all types of households, such as young singles and couples, families, and seniors. • Diversify housing types and forms to meet local needs. • Use targeted approaches to preserve and increase the availability of housing affordable to households earning in the 30%, 50%, 100%, and 120% area median income ranges. • Ensure an adequate supply of housing that is affordable and accessible to seniors and people with disabilities. • Integrate affordable housing into existing neighborhoods and developments through infill, reuse or repurposing of existing buildings, and the redevelopment of underutilized buildings or properties. • Review and update Brewster's zoning and other housing regulations and policies to support development that increases fair, affordable housing and housing choice. DHCD requires a stated numeric goal for annual housing production by which there is an increase of SHl- eligible units by at least a 0.5 percent of the municipality's total year-round housing units based on the current decennial census. This information is not available for 2020 yet, but based upon the 2010 Census Year -Round Housing Count, Brewster's annual numeric goal should be at least 24 units. Estimates based an extrapolated 2020 year-round housing counts yield a slightly higher goal of 25-26 units annually. See tables below. METHOD #1: Based on Estimated 2020 Year -Round Housing Count, Extrapolated from 2010 Percentage of Vacant Units for Recreational, Seasonal, or Occasional Use 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Five Year Overall Goal Total Year -Round Census Units 5,180 5,180 5,180 5,180 5,180 Target SHI Units 26 26 26 26 26 130 Revised SHI Count 294 320 346 372 398 398 Revised SHI 5.7% 6.2% 6.7% 7.2% 7.7% 7.7% 10% Requirement 518 518 518 518 518 Gap 224 198 172 146 121 121 METHOD #2: Based on Estimated 2020 Year -Round Housing Count, Extrapolated from 2010 Percentage of Total Housing Units for Year -Round Housin 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Five Year Overall Goal Total Year -Round Census Units 4,981 4,981 4,981 4,981 4,981 Target SHI Units 25 25 25 25 25 125 2 Brewster Housing Production Plan Draft Goals and Strategies May 17, 2022 Revised SHI Count 293 318 343 368 393 393 Revised SHI 5.9% 6.4% 6.9% 7.4% 7.9% 7.9% 10% Requirement 498 498 498 498 498 Gap 205 180 155 131 106 106 METHOD #3: Based on 2010 Year -Round Housing Count 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Total Year -Round Census Units 4803 4803 4803 4803 4803 Five Year Overall Goal Target SHI Units 24 24 24 24 24 120 Revised SHI Count 292 316 340 364 388 388 Revised SHI 6.1% 6.6% 7.1% 7.6% 8.1% 8.1% 10% Requirement 480 480 480 480 480 Gap 188 164 140 116 92 92 iC;_3r 2: P . e ii l ,oI ern t'm_ �_'curre te sin F. nob • Preserve Brewster's existing supply of year-round rental housing, • Ensure that seniors can age in place or within the community. • Provide direct assistance to income -eligible households experiencing housing insecurity or looking for a new home. • Preserve the affordability and attainability of Brewster's existing affordable housing stock. 3. i'.a11//YI ,IC.f'. 5 V to • Build support for addressing housing needs through partnerships with groups and organizations connected to each of the Vision Plan's eight core elements. • [In conjunction with Goal 4] Ensure adequate staff capacity and other resources for addressing the housing -related goals and actions of the Vision Plan. • Continue to thoughtfully address concerns about issues sometimes seen as conflicting with the development of fair, affordable housing. • Balance housing goals with protection of the natural environment by targeting housing production in and near areas where development already exists; in denser development nodes; or in areas with higher "walkability scores" and multimodal transportation opportunities. Goa- 4: Con _. . ue o bu ld C oacity -o o'o Luc„: 3QLJwI'1�' :hr`ou r t'rfirig, fund„ pd rl ner 9F Ips, a .i! oc: ' t �, ( � I -a !a h s with v -r, fib and [ _`C" �l _ C 3E ] arid �. 4_ 7 3J t�i {, 1t)€€�,'r i�; � cil.�.. I€1 :)Ilt developers. eloper... • Ensure regular collaboration between housing staff and other departments, Town bodies, regional entities, housing developers, and other relevant groups. 3 Brewster Housing Production Plan Draft Goals and Strategies May 17, 2022 • Explore additional funding sources to support housing -related initiatives. • Build awareness of affordable and fair housing needs within Brewster and the larger region, as well as Brewster's role in addressing these issues. • Investigate and leverage available federal, state, and regional housing funds and resources. DRAFT Strategies Brewster 2022 Housing Production Dian Update These are modeled after the four overarching categories for strategies from the 2017 HPP (Regulatory Strategies, Funding & Assets, Education & Advocacy, and Local Policy & Planning) with the addition of a fifth category, Community Resources & Local Support. ory St -r -a to ;c 1. Reevaluate the existing ADU and ACDU bylaws and other references to accessory apartments and explore amendments to streamline these provisions and improve their efficacy.' 2. Amend zoning to dearly allow mixed uses/"top-of-the-shop" housing in business -zoned areas. 3. Allow small affordable units on nonconforming lots that are otherwise unbuildable under zoning. 4. Reevaluate the existing multifamily dwelling bylaw (Section 179-34) and consider amending to allow for more realistic density and lot size requirements that would facilitate the production of multi -unit residential development.? S. Explore the adoption of an inclusionary zoning bylaw that requires residential developments over a certain number of units to include a minimum percentage of affordable units. 6. Allow and incentivize the adaptive reuse of existing buildings for the creation of affordable and mixed income housing. 7. Working with the Board of Health and utilizing the findings of the ongoing Integrated Water Resource Management Plan, continue to identify appropriate I/A (innovative/alternative) wastewater treatment systems to enable the creation of denser housing development that can support the inclusion of affordable units. 8. Continue to work with nearby communities on the Cape by pooling CPA funds and other revenue to construct affordable housing in suitable locations throughout the region and meet regional housing needs. ADUs and ACDUs are found in Sections 179-42.2 and 42.3, and Accessory Apartments are found in Section 179. Table 2, Footnote # l3. 2 What about considering outside of C -H? Internally we have only discussed the density and lot size issue. 3 Add ARPA-specific strategy? 4 Brewster Housing Production Plan Draft Goals and Strategies May 17, 2022 9. Explore the adoption of a real estate transfer fee with revenue supporting the affordable housing trust.4 10. Consider establishing a Housing Opportunity Fund under the Affordable Housing Trust and regularly applying for CPA funds to build and replenish this resource annually.' 11, Explore local property tax incentives for the creation of affordable housing, such as offering a reduction of property taxes to an owner renting an affordable unit.' 12. Fund the creation of additional Brewster Housing Authority units to provide more deeply affordable rental options for both families and seniors! 13. Explore using municipal resources to support the establishment of a nonprofit Community Land Trust (CLT) to facilitate more affordable homeownership opportunities.$ 14. Develop and issue an RFP for the acquisition of land for the creation of affordable and workforce housings and/or 15. Inventory existing Town -owned land and develop and issue an RFP for the development of affordable and workforce housing on properties identified as suitable for housing development.1° Fd C lUOff- rJJ r dvcc 16. Develop a shared strategic plan for the Brewster Housing Partnership and Brewster Affordable Housing Trust that includes a comprehensive community education program regarding fair and affordable housing. 17. Connect community education initiatives to each of the overarching topics of the Local Comprehensive Plan/Vision Plan. 18. Ensure regular participation by staff and members of Town bodies in available trainings on housing -related issues including fair housing, local and regional housing needs, comprehensive permit administration, and other relevant topics. 4 Pending Bill 5.868/H.1377 — "An Act empowering cities and towns to impose a fee on certain real estate transactions to support affordable housing." s This is somewhat distinct from applying for specific projects and instead allows for moving funds from the CPA pool to the AHT pool, although of course the BAHT would still have to apply to annually. Hingham follows this practice and has for several years, with their AHT stating in their 2021 CPA application, "often unknown opportunities to create new affordable housing units arise and require immediate responses.... Replenishing the 'opportunity fund' will allow the Trust to respond quickly to those opportunities..." 6 Depending on the direction of the Vision Planning process with the consideration for a Town Center or Town Centers, the Town could also explore establishing tax increment financing (TIF), which requires that there be a TIF-designated area as approved by the Economic Assistance Coordinating Council. Not sure if it's premature to include a strategy related to this, although perhaps not since only 20% of LCP survey respondents said "No Town Center." r We suggested this route because the BHA may have more flexibility for creating deeply affordable units than a private developer utilizing the LIHTC program; developer interviews will be helpful for understanding this better. a A CLT keeps the costs for homeownership low(er) by selling homes on land owned by the CLT. While the homeowner purchases the home, they merely lease the land from the CLT, keeping the purchase price lower. 9 "Workforce housing" developed under MassHousing's workforce housing program must already include 20% units affordable at or below 80% AMI in addition to the workforce units. 'o As was done with Millstone Road, which the plan would explain should this strategy be included. 5 Brewster Housing Production Plan Draft Goals and Strategies May 17, 2022 19. Consider hosting an annual Housing Forum and inviting regional partners to cohost. Lo ca, y i PI 20, Continue to make good use of Chapter 40B, including the Local Initiative Program (LIP), as a vehicle for creating affordable housing. 21. Continue to monitor the impacts of short-term rentals on the availability of year-round rental units and review local policies accordingly. 22. Develop criteria for assessing a property's suitability for the creation of affordable and attainable housing." (See Strategies 14 and 15.) 23. Develop specific design guidelines for multi -unit housing within the Old King's Highway Historic District.' 24. Increase housing staff capacity to ensure continued and consistent collaboration with the Building, Conservation, Health, and Planning Departments. Con n s. i ]1 E:po i 26. Continue the CDBG-funded housing rehabilitation program to enable income -eligible homeowners to make critical home repairs. 27. Evaluate the Rental Assistance Program and consider offering a Family Self -Sufficiency component to the program. 28. Evaluate the "buy down"/down payment/closing cost assistance program and consider adjustments to meet current needs. 29. Explore other opportunities for direct support for eligible households, including partnerships with local non -profits and housing assistance providers. 11 Such criteria can be used in a variety of ways — as part of an RFP for acquiring land for housing, for assessing properties being considered for acquisition, and for evaluating current Town -owned properties for the potential to create housing. See strategies 14 and 15. 12 Or Town -wide? This has the benefit of addressing concerns that really come from poor design rather than density and can facilitate development if developers know what to expect. 6 Brewster Housing Coordinator Update April 2022 Jill Scalise Ongoing Activities/ Projects 1. Community Outreach and Education (Housing Production Plan (HPP) Strategy #13) • Responded to email and phone requests for information and assistance, 58 total requests for housing information (28) or assistance (30). Updated Housing Office webpage. • Outreach, including webpage postings and ernails, for the Housing Production Plan Community Meeting. 2. Brewster Affordable Housing Trust (BART) (HPP Strategy 47) • Trust met, addressed numerous items throughout this update. • Worked on Housing Trust Guidelines with Trust sub -group. 3. Community Housing Parcel off Millstone (Select Board Strategic Plan Goal 11-3, I IPP Strategy #15) • Following the Trust's recommendation, the Select Board accepted the proposal from Preservation of Affordable Housing (POAH) and Housing Assistance Corporation (HAC) to build compact, energy efficient neighborhood of 45 units of affordable rental housing on Town land off Millstone Road. The next step is for the Select Board to negotiate a Land Development & Ground Lease Agreement with POAH & HAC. 4. Redevelop Existing Properties for Affordable Housing (HPP Strategy #6) • Serenity at Brewster (55+ rental housing, 27 affordable units): Phase 2, 91 units, expected to open in Summer 2022. Presented Regulatory Agreement, signed by Elevation Financial, to the Select Board who agreed to execute the agreement which governs the 27 affordable units. Regulatory Agreement then sent to Department of Housing & Community Development (DHCD). Also worked with HAC on applications and marketing for the Serenity affordable apartments. 5. Comprehensive Permit Projects (HPP Strategy #14) • Brewster Woods (30 affordable rental units): Worked with HAC on application and marketing materials. • Habitat for Humanity Red Top Road (2 affordable home ownership): Regulatory Agreement with DHCD. 6. Preservation of Housing and Related Support of Brewster Residents • reviewed Regional CDBG Housing Rehabilitation and Childcare Administration proposal. Bailey Boyd Associates hired to administer program. With Fiscal Team, attended training for the $1.3 million CDBG. 7. Subsidized Housing Inventory (SHI) (HPP Strategy #10) • Agreement with the State on tax taking of 212 Yankee Drive to Select Board, article on Town Warrant. • Followed -up with DHCD legal counsel about the work to be done for affordable resale of 11 Sean Circle. 8. Housing Production Plan (HPP) (Select Board Strategic Plan Goal H-2) • Continued work with Barrett Planning on Plan update including outreach, preparation for, and participation in forum. 881 Housing Needs surveys received. Interactive, virtual Housing Plan Community Forum held. • Housing Partnership met. assisted Barrett Planning with outreach, inputting surveys, and staffing Forum. 9.Collaboration (HPP Strategy #9) • Attended Community Development Partnership's Lower Cape Housing Institute Land Use Workshop, and CHAPA's Making the Case for Housing Zoom and Fair Housing Symposium. • Presented at Lower Cape Housing Peer Group and Brewster Housing Coalition meeting. Upcoming Activities • Brewster Woods and Serenity at Brewster: Applications for the affordable apartments at both locations are available from HAC 508-771-5400, ext. 284, and due July I", 2022. Personnel • Participated in Housing Trust, Housing Partnership, and Select Board meetings. • Also worked with: Accounting, Building Dept., Council on Aging, Health Dept., Select Board, Town Administration, and Treasurer's Office.