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HomeMy Public PortalAbout08) 7F Gruen Agreement AmendTemple City Council July 17, 2012 Page 2 ANALYSIS: As a result of the various requests from the City and time extensions indicated on the project schedule, Gruen Associates was asked to provide services not originally anticipated in the original scope of their contract. At every step of the design process, Gruen Associates has worked in good faith and upheld all agreed upon deadlines by submitting deliverables in a timely manner and attending all meetings necessary to properly support the project. Any one of these items may not have warranted the award of additional services however, the aggregate effect of the various additional services impacts Gruen Associates and warrants the City's consideration. In order to fa irly compensate Gruen Associates for the services rendered, the City Council is being asked to consider approval of the Amendment No. 8 to the consultant services agreement with Gruen Associates for the following items : A. Design Revisions to Mobil and Chevron Station Corners at Las Tunas; B. Design Addition to provide power and data feeds to all bus shelters ; C . Renumbering additive alternates to follow City Council's priorities; D. Various minor revisions necessary to support grant application back checks; E. Time extension for the final bid preparation ; and F. Additional Cost Estimate for Post 100% Construction Drawings. The additional services requested of Gruen Associates could have potentially cost the City in excess of $100,000, however, Vanir CM , on behalf of the City was able to negotiate that fee down to $50,157. CONCLUSION: In an effort to finalize the design process for this project, City Council is being requested to review and approve Amendment No. 8 with Gruen Associates for additional support services related to the Rosemead Blvd . Project for the negotiated fee of $50,157 . BUDGET IMPACT: An appropriation of $958 ,010 of Prop 1 B funds was approved by the City Council as part of the Fiscal Year (FY) 2011-12 City Budget for the Rosemead Blvd . Project (Attachment "B"). Funding for Amendment No. 8 to the Gruen Associates Agreement in the amount of $50,157 would be allocated from existing Prop 1 B funds . ATTACHMENTS: A. Amendment No. 8 to the Consultant Services Agreement between City and Gruen Associates B. Approved FY 2011-12 Rosemead Blvd. Project Budget EIGHTH AMENDMENT TO CONSULTANT SERVICES AGREEMENT RIV #4822-7685-9656 vI by and between the THE CITY OF TEMPLE CITY and GRUEN ASSOCIATES a California partnership Dated July 17, 2012 1 EIGHTH AMENDMENT TO CONSULTANT SERVICES AGREEMENT This Eighth Amendment to Consultant Services Agreement ("Eighth Amendment"), which is dated for reference as indicated on the cover page, is hereby entered into by and between the CITY OF TEMPLE CITY, a municipal corporation ("City"), and GRUEN ASSOCIATES, a California partnership . ("Consultant"), as follows: RECITALS A. City and Consultant entered in a Consultant Services Agreement on December 21, 201 0 ("Agreement"). The Agreement provides that Consultant will provide design and construction administrative services for the Rosemead Boulevard Safety Enhancements and Beautification Project. B . Section 2 of and Exhibit "A" to the Agreement provide the Scope of Services to be performed by Consultant. C. Section 4 of the Agreement provides that the maximum compensation under the Agreement shall not exceed $907,833.00 . D. Subsection A.2 of Exhibit "A"· to the Agreement requires the names of any Sub- Consultants to be submitted to the City for approval prior to the commencement of work. E. The First Amendment to the Agreement expanded the Scope of Services performed by Consultant to include the preparation of a Bicycle Master Plan, increased the maximum total compensation to $932,645.00, and approved the use of Alta Planning and Design as a Sub-Consultant. F. The Second Amendment to the Agreement expanded the Scope of Services performed by Consultant to include the provision of Geotechnical Services, increased the maximum total compensation to $960,895.00, and approved the use of Ninyo & Moore as a Sub- Consultant. G. The Third Amendment amended the Agreement to expand the Scope of Services performed by Consultant to include the provision of Topographic Survey Services and to increase the maximum total compensation to $985,755.00, and approved the use ofVCA Engineers Inc. as a Sub-Consultant for Topographic Survey Services. H . The Fourth Amendment amended the Agreement to expand the Scope of Services performed by Consultant to include the provision of Environmental Consultation Services and to increase the maximum total compensation to $1,062,561.00, and approves the use of Atkins North America, Inc. (formerly PBS&J) as a Sub-Consultant for Environmental Consultation Services. I. The Fifth Amendment amended the Agreement to expand the Scope of Services performed by Consultant to include the provision of Additional Survey Services to address encroachment issues and to revise a previously completed portion of the design to replace the Class II Bike Lanes with Class I Bike Lanes, also known as Cycle Tracks, RIV 114822-7685-9656 vi -2- and to increase the maximum total compensation to $1,102,030.00, and approves the use of VCA Engineers, Inc. as a Sub-Consultant for the Additional Survey Services for Encroachment Issues. J. The Sixth Amendment amended the Agreement to expand the Scope of Services performed by Consultant to include the provision of Additional Design and Survey Services to expand improvements at Las Tunas and frontage roads, and to increase the maximum total compensation to $1,125,965.00, and approves the use ofVCA Engineers, Inc. as a Sub-Consultant for the Additional Survey Services. K. The Seventh Amendment amended the Agreement to expand the Scope of Services performed by Consultant to include the provision of Additional Design and Survey Services to re-design the environmental graphics portion of the project and to provide control point monuments for construction staking, and to increase the maximum total compensation to $1,167,717.00, and approves the use of Seibert Perkins Design and VCA Engineers, Inc. as a Sub-Consultant for the Additional Survey Services. L. This Eighth Amendment amends the Agreement to expand the Scope of Services performed by Consultant to include the provision of Additional Design Services required beyond the submission of the 1 00% Construction Drawings, and to increase the maximum total compensation to $1,217,874.00, and approves the use of KOA Corporation and Faithful and Gou,ld, Inc. as Sub-Consultants. M. This Eighth Amendment shall not amend Exhibit D of the Agreement to extend the time to complete the Scope of Work for this project. OPERATIVE PROVISIONS NOW, THEREFORE, in consider~tion of the promises made and recited herein, the parties do hereby enter into this Fourth Amendment which modifies and amends the Agreement as follows: 1. AMENDMENT. The Agreement is hereby modified and amended as follows: 1.1 SCOPE OF SERVICES. Exhibit "A" to the Agreement is hereby amended to include a new subsection "Q" entitled "Additional Design Services -Post 100% CD." The new subsection "Q" shall read as shown in Exhibit "A.1" (11 pages) attached to this Eighth Amendment. 1.2 COMPENSATION. 1.2.1 Section 4 of the Agreement is hereby amended as follows: RIV #482 2-7685 -9656 v i The second sentence of Section 4, subparagraph (a) of the Agreement is amended to read as follows: "The total compensation payable under this contract, including reimbursement for actual expenses, shall not exceed ONE MILLION TWO HUNDRED SEVENTEEN THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND SEVENTY FOUR DOLLARS ($1,217,874.00), unless -3- additional compensation is approved in writing by the City Council or City Manager." 1.2.2 Section "C " (TOTAL COMPENSATION) of Exhibit "B" to the Agreement is hereby amended to read as follows : "The total compensation for the Services shall not exceed $1,217,874.00, as provided in Section 4 of this Agreement." 2. APPROVAL OF SUBCONTRACTOR. As required by subsection A.2 of Exhibit "A" to the Agreement, City hereby approves of the use by Consultant of KOA Corporation and Faithful and Gould, Inc. as Sub-Consultants for services described in this amendment. 3. GENERAL PROVISIONS. 3.1 Remainder Unchanged. Except as specifically modified and amended in this Eighth Amendment, the Agreement remains in full force and effect and binding upon the parties. 3.2 Integration. This Eighth Amendment consists of pages 1 through 5 and attached Exhibit "A. I" ( 11 pages) inclusive, which constitute the entire understanding and agreement of the parties and supersedes all negotiations or previous agreements between the parties with respect to all or any part of the transaction discussed in this Eighth Amendment. 3.3 Effective Date. This Eighth Amendment shall not become effective until the date it has been formally approved by the City Council and executed by the City Manager. 3.4 Applicable Law. The laws of the State of California shall govern the interpretation and enforcement of this Eighth Amendment. 3.5 References. All references to the Agreement include all their respective terms and provisions. All defined terms utilized in this Eighth Amendment have the same meaning as provide d in the Agreement, unless expressly stated to the contrary in this Eighth Amendment. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Eighth Amendment to the Agreement on the date and year first written above. CITY OF TEMPLE CITY By :---=--=--=-:-:----=-=--~------ Jose Pulid o, City Manager ATIEST: RIV #4 822·7685·96 56 vi -4 - Peggy Kuo, City Clerk APPROVED AS TO FORM Eric S. Vail , General Counsel CONSULTANT: Gruen Associates By::-::---..,.......,..,........,.--,---=----------- Name: Michael A Enomoto Title: Partner RIV #4822-7685-9656 vi -5- lr " Ex\·hB\\ P.... \ GRUENASSOCIATES ARCHITECTURE PLANNING INTERIORS May 2, 2012 revised July 2, 2012 Mr. Sha Jarrahi Vanir Constructio n Management c/o City ofT emple City 9701 Las Tunas Drive Temple City, CA 91780 sent via email Re: Revised ASA 12-Rosemead Boulevard Enhancements Post 100% CO Changes Dear Sha; MICHAEl A.E'IOMOTO FAIA LARRY SCHLOSSBER G. AIA .LEO:DAP DEBRA GEROO.AIA.lEED AP ASHOK VANMALI.AIA As a result of the various requests from the City and time extensions indicated in the updated schedule, the Design T earn has been asked to provide services above and beyond our base contract. As a result, we are submitting this request for an Additional Services Agreement for your consideration . Since the time we originally submitted our proposal, the City has reduced the scope of the services originally requested. This revised request for additional services agreement reflects these changes, as prelimi narily discussed in our conference ca/16121112 . Revisions are indicated in italics. Gruen Associates submitted the 1 00% COs on February 22, 2012. Constructability Back Check comments have been returned to the Design Team. We are currently waiting for some remaining Agency comments. Incorporation of these items into an •Issued for Bid" set is all that remains to complete the scope of our Base Contract. This requires minimal staff to complete. The new requests from require the addition of staff and hours to our team that were not anticipated. Our request for Additional Services is based on the following scope: 1. Design Revisions. The City has made a number of requests for additional studies; however the timing of these requests is extremely late in the process. The production of these studies/drawings will take time that was not originally budgeted. Any accepted revisions will need to be incorporated into the Bid set. These include: a. Provide revised Designs of the Mobil Station and Chevron Station corners at Las Tunas & Rosemead. In our last design meeting, March 30, 2012, the City requested we provide revisions to design drawings with colored plans & elevations of these two corners . These plans have now been completed. 6330 San Vicente Boulevard, Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90048·544 1 • T 323 937-4270 • F 323 937-6001 • www.gruenassociates com Mr. Sha Jarrahi May 2, 2012 revised July 2, 2012 Page 2 GRUENASSOCIATES AR;:;H"ECTURE PLAI'NNG Nli:RI:.JRO b. Provide Power and Data feeds to all Bus Shelters. In the last two design meetings, the City requested the design team provide power and data lines to bus shelters to accommodate future digital advertising . This requires research into the needed loading as well as drawing/calculation revisions. c. Renumbering of Alternates to follow City Council's priorities. The City Council met on March 13, 2012 (after the issuance of the 100% COs) to prioritize the items shown on the drawings as Alternates. The City Council elected to issue a Bid Set that is over budget, according to our cost estimate, with items identified as Deduct Alternates. We have also been asked to renumber our alternates to coincide with the Council's priorities. i. Alternates callouts are provided on the drawings, are coordinated, and are biddable in their current configuration. They were based our best guess at priorities, as no prior direction was given. We agree that providing the listing of alternates in order of priority will be cleaner for bidders. However this request is quite late and will require additional work to fully vet them . ii. Alternates have been identified on the drawings since the Schematic Design set. We have provided multiple Cost Analysis worksheets at each phase since SO to help the City prioritize project elements. a. PFe'fiae aR aaaltloRal V-alue l!ngineeFiRg 8tuay. IR MarGA 3Q, ~Q1 ~ aesigA meetiAg, the City re"'1:1estea v1e pro•tiae aA aaaitieRal \<allele eAgiReeriRg St~c~ay. Tt:le FeEflclest fer a Aew VE St1:1ay is to see if tt:le soAstFI:IGtioA oost saA be lnougt:lt sown to allow iAsorpoFatioA of items as par:t ef the base projeGt iR lie~:.~ ef tt:le aea1:1st alteFRate stFategy ROleS above . i. Per o~:o~r base soRtraet, tt:le last re"'1:1ir:ea VE St1:1ay & Re~oFt 'NBs pFO\'iaea at tt:le seAsll:lsieA ef DesigA DevelepmeAt #2 (revisioAs fer tt:le sysle trask aAalysis). \!all:le EAgiReeriAg at this pRase is aR aaaitieR te el:lr seRtraGt. IAserperatieR ef aRy st:laAges iRte tt:le 8ia Set is alse aR aaaitieR as it re"'1:1ires aAalysis, reara'IAAg, aREI re aetailiRg ef elemeAts. e. Various Revisions. At various times, we have been asked to accommodate issuance of drawings, specifications, exhibits, or costs related to Grant submissions beyond the scope of our contract. We have been performing these tasks as asked due to the time sensitive nature of the Grant packages, often requiring us to assign additional staff due to the timing. To date we have issued a special E76 submission package, a revision package for the ROW submittal picking up Caltrans comments, costs and back-up for BTA grant funding, exhibits for the Metro Pedestrian Improvements application, to name a few. 2. Time Extension. The current schedule shows an 11 week time extension on item 1420 Final Bid Package Preparation (from Schedule Update #3 dated 11/17/11 to Schedule Update #12 dated 3/30/12). 7863 Rosemead Boulevard Enhancements Additional Service 12-Post 100% CD Changes CO Phase -11 weeks HOURS RATE TOTAL HRS [KOA Breakdown Yeh SR $225 16 sub-total EXPENSES TOTAL AMOUNT $3,600 I ~ I li;' ~ j i .2 (/) w > 0 c.· 0 (.) c ~ ..Q1, -.c LlJ [1) __ , ~ ~ . ----- ----_ _j i ·--r ---- ---- -l ---1 -· $3,600 - -I ' --- ·---- $3,600 ~- '· FAITHFUL ..-. -,GOULD May 1, 2012 Jill Wagner Gruen Associates 6330 San Vicente Blvd., Suite 200 Los Angeles, CA 90048 Phone: 323 937-4270 RE: City of Temple City· Rosemead Blvd Development Cost Estimating Services -Additional Scope Dear Jill, Following up on your request to provide additional scope of works per email on 4/26/12, we appreciate this opportunity to submit our fee proposal to rormalize the requirements to provide the dient with additional construction cost estimating services on the above referenced project 1. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT The additional scope is for the final1 00% CD estimate. 2. PROJECT BUDGET The construction budget is by Owner's Project Management Consultants. 3. SERVICES We are pleased to provide the following services: Preconstruction Services -Cost Estimating: 3.1 Cost Estimates The estimate will be based on the measurement of quantities rrom your drawings and priced in accordance with the outline specifications. The unit prices will be a composite of labor, material, and equipment, and will reflect prevailing construction rates in the locality of the project. Faithfui+Gould's estimate is to provide the opinion on the probable cost. It is not a Bill of Quantities or intended as a pricing schedule. The items and associated quantities generated in Faithfui+Gould's estimate are for the assessment of probable cost and not intended for use for bidding or contracting purposes. The general contractors and their subcontractors are responsible for their quantities, labor, material and equipment calculation and accuracy. 3020 Old Ranch Parkway, Suite 180, Seal Beach. California 90740 Phone 562 314 4200 Fax 562 314 4201 www.fgould.com A member of the A/ktns group of companies FAITHFUL -...,GCJUL..D Jill Wagner May 1, 2012 Page2 RE: Temple City-Rosemead Blvd: Additional Services 3.2 Fonnat The estimate will be prepared in the CSI format for the CD Drawings. 3.3 Value Engineering/Cost Studies Not requested for now. 3.4 Reconciliation We have not included in our fees for reconciliation of our estimate(s) with the estimate or budgets prepared by other parties-Not Requi red. 3.5 Meetings Not required. 3.6 Site Visit Not required. 4. FEES Fees have been calculated on the basis or the project scope and an i ncrease in the scope will require adjustment to the fee amounts. We propose to provide the services described above for the following not-to-exceed Lump Sum fee: Additional Cost Estimating Services: 100% CD Estimate Total for Additional Services 5. EXPENSES Total $7,800 $7,800 The fees include expenses incurred in preparation of the estimates and printing (6) copies of the estimate or an electronic PDF file. Our fees do not include travel outside the Southern California area or time and expenses incurred in additional meetings. We understand thai one set full size copy of the drawings will be available for our use at no cost. 3020 Old Ranch Par1<wa y. Suile 180, Seal Beach , California 90740 Phone 562 314 42 00 Fax 562 314 4201 www.fgould.com A member of the Atkins group of compames Faithful+ Gould -General Terms resolve the disput~ thn>ugh mcdiatinn shall in nn wo y r~mtlVc the right uf either party to pur~ue any leg~ I aclitln ur recourse. 6 . Suspension and Tenninati1>n 1\.1 Thi~ Agreement may be termin~t~'ll by ~ith~r party giving ten ( 10) days wrill~'ll notice to the other party. Payment to raithfui+Guuld in the eventoftcrminatit>n shall include: (a) payments du e for any and all Services carried uut up to and including the date of termination : (b) paymc:nts due for periods during which, because of force majeure caus~-d by the CliL"'lt, its consulmnts or contractors, faithful+ Gould is unable ~ithcr in whole or in part to provide the Services but is willing and available to provide the same: and (c) the costs of any non- eancdoble commitments and a reasonable termination charge, including demt>bili7.ation costs and other expenses incurr~-d by Faithful +Gould in terminating the Services. 1\.2 The Client may, by wrin~"'l notice ll> Faithful+ Gould. tcmpnrarily suspend all or any portion 11fthe s~'fViccs for a reasonable period uf lime. The Client shall notify Faithful & (iould in writing when the Services should be recummencL-d, and raithfui+Gould shall have a reasonable tim~ thereafter to r~-commence the Services. The Client will be responsiblt: lor any reasonable costs and expenses incurred by Faithful & Gould due to susp~"'lsion l>r r~-commencemenlofthc work, in additi\ln to the amount authori1cd in the Proposal. 7. Intellectual Property All documents produced by Faithfui+Gould in any form. including the electronic ver~ions thereof. arc in~trum~'111S of service of Faithful & Gould. The copyright and other intellectual property rights in all documents (including any cost data and '(lmputcr programs) prepared or ce>mpikd by raithful +(i(luld hereunder sha ll remain vested in raithful + Gould; howc v~-r. the Client s hall have a free license to usc such of those document~ as arc supplied hereunder for those purpose~ lbr which the same were prepared or compiled. Any liability arising out of u se by the ( lic-nt or any third party of said documents lor purpuses not wholly connecll'<l with and intcnd~-d lbr the Prqie ct s hall be the responsibility of the C'lienl. K. Amendments No amcndml"'lts to the terms of thi s Agr~emcnt shall be made except by agr~-cment in writing between the parties. Any amendment to the s~,-viccs to be provided by raithfui+Gould ~hall include a comparable adjustment in Faithful+Gould's compensation. 9. 9. Severability Faithful+Gould.doc The varit1us provisions herein shall be deemed to be se parate and se\·crablc. and the invalidity of any of them shall in no manner affect or impair the >a lidil y t>r enforcement of the remaining provisi<'ll~ Any provisi11n held to be void or unenfon:eable shall be rclimncd to replace the provision with a valid and ~nforceablc provision which expresses the original intention of the parties as closely as possible. I 0. Fntin; Agn;cment and Priority of Documents The tcnns of the agreement bet ween the C'licnt and Faithful+ Gould are contained solely in this Agreement and all previous under~tandings and agreements. wrillcn or otherwise. between the parties rdating to the subject matt<.-r herein arc hl'1'eby supers~-ded. In the event of any ambiguities . discrepancies ~lt contradictions betwo.:en the several documcnl~ forming this Agr~-emo:nt.thc terms of this document shall take pr~'Ccdence. If the Client issues a purchase order or similar document relative to the Services, the provisions of this Agreement shall take prL-ccdcncc over any tenns and conditions contained within or atmchcd to the purchase ord~T or other llient documentation. II. N an-SQiicitation Neither party shall. without the express wrillen consent of th~: other party. solicit the service.~ or any person who is employed by th1: oth~.,-party or retained by the other party as a consultant to pro\·ide services under this Agreement, or make any olli.T or employment or hire any such employee or consultant, whether by dir~-ct cm pl uymcnl or ind.:pcndc:nt consulting agreement. Tl li~ provision sha ll be etTcctivc throughout the tenn of this Agreement and for a period of' twelve (121 months from its expiration or tcnnination. In the event of breach of this C'lause. the parties agree that the reasonable damages to the other party shall be assessed as the equivalent of four month's salary or compensallon lor s uch employee or consultant, and the party in breach agrl'CS to pay to the other party that amount as damages for such breach. 12. ~ All notices given to Faithfui+Gould under this Agreement shall be made in writing and directed to Faithrui+Gould. 3020 Old Ranch Parkway. Suite 180, Seal Beach, C A 90740 for the anent ion of the C'hief Executive Ofiicer. Attachment B ROSEMEAD BOULEVARD SAFETY ENHANCEMENT and BEAUTIFICATION PROJECT Budget Overview 3670W. TempleAve.,#278, Pomona, CA"91768 Total I.Jlcal & Ststa Funds Total Federal Fund& TOTAL FIRM BUDGET $ 13,973,571 $ 4,317,717 $ 18,291,288 Total Enc:umbrences (pre-1:on) to date $ (3,573,512) $ 14,717,777 July2012 J\VJ\NT <; 1\ R D L ROSEMEAD BOULEVARD SAFETY ENHANCEMENT and BEAUTIFICATION PROJECT Fund FEDERAL FUNDS --···------ STPL-federal reimbursement funds distributed A annually per capita HPLU-federal reimbursement funds earmarked from B conJressionall~islation HSIP-Highway Safety Improvement Program, federal c relmbu rsement competitive grant CMAQ-federal reimbursement funds secured through D LACMTA Call for Projects COUNlY FUNDS Prop A-monthly receipts of County sales taxes fur E transit functions Prop c -monthly receipts of County sales taxes for F transportation Measure R -monthly receipts of County sales tax G Initiative for transit & transportation STATE FUNDS ---- Prop 18-State-generated bond funds distributed per H capita in two allocations Traffic Congestion Relief (TCR) funds -quarterly receipts 1 of State generated sales taxes on gasoline s K l M N RAC-Ru bberlzed Asphalt Concrete, State reimbursement competitive grant awarded BTA-Bicyde Transportation; Stilte reimbursement funds, competitive grant awarded aJYFUND5 -- ---- Successor Agency Funds Llghtlnl! & landscap lng Assessment District (LLD) - funds locally generated by assessment General Fund Atcount: Payment from Caltrans (non- restrictive) • Total Funds , No additional grant funds are being pursued at this time , Call for Projects (CFP) funds -·- I Guaranteed reimbur.st!ment Cash In the Bank funds • -------- $ -$ 641,710 $ -$ 719,920 $ -$ 340,000 $ -$ 2,249,984 ------ $ 1,500,000 $ - $ 4,070,210 $ - $ 483,700 $ - ' $ 1,131,010 $ - $ 400,000 $ - $ -$ 110,250 $ -$ 443,000 ' ' -- $ 2.580,401 s - $ 2,000,000 $ - $ 386,000 $ - $ 12,551,321 $ 4,504,864 Future Fiscal Year [FYI Allocations • $ 366,103 $ - $ - $ --- --- $ - $ 869,000 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 1,235,103 1 Funds are encumbered for the project; Expenses must be paid In advance and submitted for relmbursment • Annuill or other per capita dispe11ements based on projections • Funds must be spent within two fiSCal years per program • funds are direct payment from Caltrans re: relinquishment; non-restrictive and deslsnated for specia ltv soft costs 3670 W. Temple Ave., ~278, Pomona, CA 91768 Potential supplemental funds, $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ . $ - I $ - $ - $ -s - ' J Total per Fund $ 1,007,813 $ 719,920 $ 340,000 $ 2,249,984 $ 1,500,000 $ 4,939,210 $ 483,700 $ 1,131,010 $ 400,000 $ 110,250 $ 443,000 $ 2,580,401 $ 2,000,000 $ 386,000 $ 18,291,288 /\VI\ NT CAR DE