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ORD07203
ORDINANCE NO. 7.203 AN ORDINANCE REPEALING ORDINANCE NO. 6543 PRESCRIBING A PLUMBING CODE AND REGULATING PLUMBING WITHIN THE CITY OF JEFFERSON, MISSOURI, AND ENACTING A NEW ORDINANCE PRESCRIBING A PLUMBING CODE FOR THE CITY OF JEFFERSON, MISSOURI, PROVIDING FOR THE ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT THEREOF AND PROVIDING A PENALTY. BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF JEFFERSON, MISSOURI, AS FOLLOWS: CHAPTER 1 TITLE, SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION Section 1. 1. Title. This ordinance shall be known as the Plumbing Code of the City of Jefferson, may be so cited, and will be referred to in this ordinance as this code. The administration and enforcement of this ordinance shall be the duty of the Plumbing Inspector, of the City of Jefferson, who is hereby authorized to take such action as may be reasonably necessary to enforce the purpose of this ordinance. Such person or persons may be appointed and authorized as assistants or agents of the Plumbing Inspector as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this ordinance. Section 1. 2. Scope. The provisions of this code shall apply to and govern plumbing as defined in this code, including the practice, materials, and fixtures used in the installation, maintenance, extension, and alteration of all piping, fixtures, appliances, and appurtenances in connection with any of the following: Sanitary drainage facilities, the venting system, and the public or private water supply systems within or adjacent to any building or other structure, or convey- ance; also the practice and materials used in the installation, maintenance, ex- tension, or alteration of the sewerage system of any premises to their connection with any point of public disposal or other terminal. Section 1. 3. Plumbing Inspector. The office of Plumbing Inspector is hereby created. Section 1.4. Qualifications. The plumbing inspector shall be over the age of twenty-one years. He shall be a person of good moral character and physically able to carry out all of the provisions of Ordinance Number , known as the Plumbing Code. The Plumbing Inspector shall have had six years of practical experience in the plumbing trade, but shall not be actively engaged in the plumbing business nor associated with the operations of any person, firm, or corporation engaged in the plumbing business. Section 1. 5. Appointment. The Plumbing Inspector shall be appointed by the mayor, with the consent of a majority of the members of the city council, for a term of two years or until his successor is duly appointed and qualified. He shall be appointed on or before the second regular meeting of the city council in the year 1955 and every two years thereafter. In the event of his death, resignation or removal from office, the mayor, with the consent of a majority of the members of the city council, may make an interim appointment of a quali- fied person to serve the balance of the two-year term. Section 1. 6. Bond. He shall be required to give bond in the sum of One thousand ($1, 000. 00) Dollars conditioned upon the faithful performance of his duties. Section 1.7. Duties. It shall be the duty of the Plumbing Inspector to enforce the provisions of the Plumbing Code, identified as Ordinance Number and to make all inspections that are required thereunder. The Plumbing Inspector shall also have the duty to perform all tasks and services delegated to him by other ordinances, the mayor or the city council, or the board of health. Section 1. 8. Board of examiners. There is hereby created and estab- lished a Board of Examiners of Plumbers. The said board shall consist of three members, one of whom shall be chairman of the Board of Health of the City of Jefferson, who shall be ex-officio chairman of said Board of Examiners of Plumbers; one of whom shall be a Master Plumber actually engaged in the work of plumbing, with five (5) years practical experience; and one of whom shall be a journeyman Plumber, actually engaged in the work of plumbing, with five (5) years practical experience;the lasttwo named members of the said board shall be appointed by the Mayor of the City of Jefferson, with the approval of the City Council, within ten (10) days after the passage and approval of this ordinance. Section 1.9. Term. The term of office and appointment shall be for a period of one (1) year, and they shall serve without pay. Section 1. 10. Meetings. The board shall hold its first meeting not less than ten (10) days following the adoption of this ordinance. Thereafter, the board shall meet at such intervals as may be necessary for the proper per- formance of its duties, but in any case not less than twice a year. Three mem- bers of the Board of Examiners, the Chairman of the Board of Health (or an alternate chosen by the Mayor from the City Council), the Master Plumber, and the journeyman Plumber must be present at every examination. Section 1. 11. Licenses. No person, firm or corporation shall engage in the business of plumbing in the City of Jefferson unless licensed as a Master Plumber under the provisions of this code. Business of Plumbing shall mean the supplying of labor and material for plumbing work, to be done under the supervision of the person so supplying. No person, firm or corporation shall cause any plumbing work to be done, altered or repaired by an apprentice plumber unless the apprentice plumber is either accompanied by or works under the direct supervision of a Certified Master Plumber or a Certified journeyman Plumber, except as provided in Section 1. 24. -2- Section 1. 12. Application for License, Contents. Any person desiring to be licensed as a Master Plumber or as a journeyman Plumber shall make written application to the board for an examination. Such application shall con- tain the name, business name, address and experience of the applicant, and the type of license requested, and shall be accompanied by a fee as follows: Master Plumber License--$5. 00; journeyman Plumber License--$1. 00. All fees required hereunder are not returnable. Section 1. 13. Applicant's qualifications. Applicants for Master Plumbers' licenses shall give satisfactory proof of two (2) years practical experience as a licensed journeyman Plumber. Applicants for journeyman Plumbers' licenses shall give satisfactory proof of three (3) years practical experience as an appren- tice plumber under the supervision of a licensed Master Plumber. Section 1. 14. Examination. The board shall establish standards and procedures in accordance herewith for the qualification, examination, and licensing of Master Plumbers and journeyman Plumbers, and shall issue an appropriate license to each person who meets the qualifications therefor, and successfully passes the examination given by the board. Said examination shall be in two parts: (a) a test of knowledge of the theory of the trade; (b) a test of skill in the practice of the trade. It shall be of practical and elementary character, but sufficiently strict to test the qualifications of the applicant. The board shall keep an official record of all of its transactions. Section 1. 15 Re-examinations. Any person who fails to pass an exam- ination as prescribed by the board may apply for re-examination after the expir- ation of one hundred and twenty (120) days upon payment of a regular examin- ation fee. Section 1. 16. Temporary licenses. The board may issue a temporary license as either Master Plumber of journeyman Plumber pending examination, provided the applicant holds a similar license from a municipality having quali- fications as strict or stricter than those herein contained. Such permit shall be valid until the date of the next examination and no longer. Section 1. 17. Renewal of licenses. All licenses issued by the board shall expire on December 31 of the year in which issued but may be renewed annually for an additional one year period upon payment of fees in the amount of five dollars ($5. 00) for Master Plumbers and one dollar ($1. 00) for journeyman Plumbers and renewal of bond as provided in section 1. 20 where necessary. Section 1. 18. Assignment of license. No person who has obtained a -3- plumber's license shall allow his name to be used by another person either for the purpose of obtaining permits, or for doing business or work under the license. Every person licensed shall notify the board of the address of his place of business, if any, and the name under which such business is carried on and shall give immediate notice to the board of any change in either. Section 1. 19. Licenses, suspension or revocation. The Board of Health of the City of Jefferson may revoke or suspend any license if obtained through nondisclosure, misstatement, or misrepresentation of a material fact. Any license may be revoked by the Board of Health upon complaint by the Plumbing Inspector. Said complaint shall state with particularity the reason for such revocation, and a fair and impartial hearing by said Board of Health, after due notice to the Licensee against whom complaint is made, shall be held not later than ten (10) days after the filing of said complaint. Any person whose license shall have been revoked as above provided shall not be permitted to apply for a re-issuance of said license, or any other hereunder, for a period of one year after said revocation, and then said license shall be re-issued only after an examination as herein provided for applicants for licenses. Section 1. 20. Bond. A person who has been issued a Master Plumber's license shall execute and deposit with the City of Jefferson a bond in the sum of one thousand dollars ($1,000.00) with good and sufficient security approved by the Mayor, such bond to be so conditioned that all plumbing work performed by the licensee or under his supervision shall be performed in accordance with the provisions of this code and that he will pay all fines and penalties properly imposed upon him for violation of the provisions of this code. A Master Plumber's license shall not be valid unless a bond is executed and deposited as herein provided. Section 1. 21. Permits. No plumbing work, unless excepted in this section, shall be undertaken prior to the issuance of permit therefor by the Plumbing Inspector. A permit shall be issued to a licensed Master Plumber only except as provided in Section 1. 24. Section 1. 22. Plans and specifications. No permit shall be issued until plans and specifications showing the proposed work in necessary detail have been submitted to the Plumbing Inspector and he has determined from examination of such plans and specifications that they give assurance that the work will con- form to the provisions of this code. If a permit is denied, the applicant may submit revised plans and specifications without payment of additional fee. If, in the course of the work, it is found necessary to make any change from the plans and specifications on which a permit has been issued, amended plans and specifications shall be submitted and a supplementary permit, subject to the same conditions applicable to original application for permit, shall be issued to cover the change. Section 1. 23. Permits not required for some repairs. Repairs involving -4- only the working parts of a faucet or valve, the clearance of stoppage, repairing of leaks, or replacement of defective faucets or valves may be made without a permit provided no changes are made in the piping to the fixtures. Section 1. 24. Owner residence permits. Any permit required by this code may be issued to any person to do any work regulated by this code in a single-family dwelling used exclusively for living purposes, including the usual accessory buildings and quarters in connection with such building, pro- vided the person is the bona fide owner of such building, and that the same will be occupied by said owner and that said owner shall personally purchase all material and perform all labor in connection therewith. Section 1. 25. Application for permits. Application for a permit for plumbing work shall be made on suitable forms provided by the Plumbing In- spector. The application shall be accompanied by fees in accordance with the following schedule of fees. Section 1. 26. Fees. FOR FEE Each plumbing fixture or waste-discharging device with its waste, water and vent connection -------------------------------------- $1. 00 New or reconstructed sewer connection -------------------------- 1. 00 Construction or reconstruction of sewage soil absorption system or sewage filter system ------------------------------------------ 1. 00 Each septic tank ---------------------------------------------- 1. 00 Each water heater or softener ----------------------------------- 1. 00 Each water-distribution system or service connection -------------- 1. 00 Repair or alteration of any plumbing system ----------------------- 1. 00 Any permit requiring inspection, minimum fee --------------------- 1. 00 Section 1. 27. Fees for inspection. One dollar ($1. 00) per item shall be charged for the first twenty-five (25) Items; for each additional item over twenty- five (25) up to and including fifty (50) items on inspection fee of seventy-five cents ($0.75), and for each item over fifty (50) items, fifty-cents ($0. 50). Section 1. 28. Disposition of fees. All fees for plumbing inspections as are provided for in Ordinance Number , known as the Plumbing Code, shall be collected by the Plumbing Inspector, and said inspector shall issue receipts in duplicate, one to be given to the plumber paying the fee, and the other to be filed for record with the city clerk. All fees collected shall be paid to the city clerk to the credit of the general revenue fund. Section 1. 29. Rules and regulations. The City Council shall make such rules and regulations in furtherance of the purposes of this code and not incon- sistent with the specific provisions thereof, for the installation, repair, or -5- ® alteration of air--conditioning systems, water-treatment equipment, and water- operated devices as may be deemed necessary to properly protect the water- supply system. Section 1. 30. Identification of inspector. The Plumbing Inspector shall prepare and carry sufficient identification and shall exhibit same before entering any premises for the purpose of inspecting any plumbing system at such times as may be reasonably necessary to protect the public health. Section 1. 31. Plumbing to conform. All new plumbing work, and such portions of existing systems as may be affected by new work or any changes, shall be inspected to insure compliance with all the requirements of this code and to assure that the installation and construction of the plumbing system is in accordance with approved plans. Section 1. 32. Notice for inspection. It shall be the duty of the holder of a permit to give notice to the Plumbing Inspector when plumbing work is ready for inspection. Section 1. 33. Certificates to be issued. The Plumbing Inspector shall execute a certificate evidencing the inspection and approval of (1) the roughing- in work and (2) of the completed plumbing system. Said certificate shall include among other things the name of permit holder, the number of the permit author- izing the installation or alteration of the plumbing system, the dates and subject of inspections and the signature of the Plumbing Inspector following final in- spection and approval of the completed plumbing system. Said certificate form shall be printed on a card approximately 5" x 7" which shall be stapled or other- wise attached in a conspicuous permanent location within the building or structure. Section 1. 34. Plumbing, violations, notices. Notice of violations shall be written and mailed or delivered by the Plumbing Inspector to the person responsible at the time inspection was made. Section 1. 35. Defective plumbing. Wherever the Plumbing Inspector finds defect in any plumbing or drainage work done in violation of the require- ments of this or any ordinance in this city, he shall order the same to be taken out or corrected and made to conform thereto. The Plumbing Inspector shall investigate any cause of complaint entered at his office to the unsanitary con- dition of the plumbing in or about the city, and if on such investigation, the plumbing is found so, the Plumbing Inspector shall serve written notice on the owner, agent or tenant of said premises to proceed within ten (10) days following receipt of notice to have plumbing corrected and placed in a sanitary condition. Any person so notified who fails to comply with the order of the Plumbing Inspector, or neglects to file an appeal with Board of Health within ten (10) days as speci- fied, or fails to comply with the order of the Board of Health approving the action of the Plumbing Inspector, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor. No plumb- ing now in use in any building, if condemned by the Plumbing Inspector, shall -6- be taken out without the consent of the owner thereof, unless a majority of the Board of Health so direct. An appeal from the decision of the Plumbing In- spector may be had to the Board of Health, and the decision of a majority there- of shall be final. Section 1. 36. Liability for defective plumbing. This ordinance shall not be construed to relieve from or lessen the responsibility or liability of any party owning, operating, controlling or installing any plumbing or gas piping for damage caused by any defect therein. Nor shall the City of Jefferson, or any of its inspectors, including its Plumbing Inspector, be held as assuming any such liability by reason of the inspection authorized herein, or certificate of approval issued as herein provided. CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS 2. 1 General 2. 1. 1 For the purpose of this code, the following terms shall have the meaning indicated in this chapter. 2. 1. 2 No attempt is made to define ordinary words which are used in accordance with their established dictionary meaning except where the word has been loosely used and it is necessary to define its meaning as used in this code to avoid misunderstanding. 2. 2 Definition of terms. _Administrative authority. The administrative authority shall be the Plumbing Inspector of the City of Jefferson. Air gap. An air gap in a water-supply system is the unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water to a tank, plumbing fixture, or other device and the flood-level rim of the receptacle. _Approved. Approved means accepted or acceptable under an applicable specification stated or cited in this code, or accepted as suitable for the pro- posed use under procedures and powers of the Plumbing Inspector. Area drain. An area drain is a receptacle designed to collect surface or rain water from an open area. Backflow. Backflow is the flow of water or other liquids, mixtures, or substances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of water from any source or sources other than its intended source. (See Backsiphonage. ) Backflow connection. Backflow connection or condition is any arrange- merit whereby backflow can occur. Backflow preventer. A backflow preventer is a device or means to pre- vent backflow into the potable water system. Back-siphonage. Back-siphonage is the flowing back of used, con- taminated, or polluted water from a plumbing fixture or vessel into a water- supply pipe due to a negative pressure in such pipe. (See Backflow. ) -7- 0 Battery of fixtures, A "battery of fixtures" is any group of two or more similar adjacent fixtures which discharge into a common horizontal waste or soil branch. Boiler blow-off. A boiler blow-off is an outlet on a boiler to permit emptying or discharge of sediment. Branch. A branch is any part of the piping system other than a main, riser, or stack. Branch, fixture. See Fixture Branch. Branch, horizontal. See Horizontal Branch. Branch, interval. A branch interval is a length of soil or waste stack corresponding in general to a story height, but in no case less than 8 feet, within which the horizontal branches from one floor or story of a building are connected to the stack. Branch vent. A branch vent is a vent connecting one or more individual vents with a vent stack or stack vent. Building. A building is a structure built, erected, and framed of com- ponent structural parts designed for the housing, shelter, enclosure, or support of persons, animals, or property of any kind. Building drain. The building (house) drain is that part of the lowest piping of a drainage system which receives the discharge from soil, waste, and other drainage pipes inside the walls of the building and conveys it to the building (house) sewer beginning 3 feet outside the building wall. Building sewer. The building (house) sewer is that part of the horizontal piping of a drainage system which extends from the end of the building drain and which receives the discharge of the building drain and conveys it to a public sewer or an individual sewage-disposal system. Building storm drain. A building (house) storm drain is a building drain used for conveying rain water, surface water, ground water, sub-surface water, condensate, cooling water, or other similar discharge to a building storm sewer extending to a point not less than 3 feet outside the building wall. Building storm sewer. A building (house) storm sewer is the extension from the building storm drain to the public storm sewer or other point of disposal. Building subdrain. A building (house) subdrain is that portion of a drainage system which cannot drain by gravity into the building sewer. Circuit vent. A circuit vent is a branch vent that serves two or more traps and extends from in front of the last fixture connection of a horizontal branch to the vent stack. Code. The word "code" when used alone shall mean these regulations, subsequent amendments thereto, or any emergency rule or regulation which the Plumbing Inspector may lawfully adopt. Combination fixture. A combination fixture is a fixture combining one sink and tray or a two-or-three compartment sink or tray in one unit. Combination waste and vent system. A combination waste and vent system is a specially designed system of waste piping embodying the horizontal wet venting of one or more sinks or floor drains by means of a common waste and vent pipe adequately sized to provide free movement of air above the flow line of the drain. -8- Common vent. A common vent is a vent connecting at the junction of two fixture drains and sewing as a vent for both fixtures. Continuous vent. A continuous vent is a vertical vent that is a con- tinuation of the drain to which it connects. Continuous waste. A continuous waste is a drain from two or three fixtures connected to a single trap. Cross-connection. A cross-connection is any physical connection or arrangement between two otherwise separate piping systems, one of which con- tains potable water and this other water of unknown or questionable safety, whereby water may flow from one system to the other, the direction of flow de- pending on the pressure differential between the two systems. (See Backflow and Back-Siphonage. ) Dead end. A dead end is a branch leading from a soil, waste, or vent pipe, building drain, or building sewer, which is terminated at a developed distance of 2 feet or more by means of a plug or other closed fitting. Developed length. The developed length of a pipe is its length along the center line of the pipe and fittings. Diameter. Unless specifically stated, the term "diameter" is the nominal diameter as designated commercially. Double offset. A double offset is two changes of direction installed in succession or series in continuous pipe. Drain. A drain is any pipe which carries waste water or water-borne wastes in a building drainage system. Drainage system. A drainage system (drainage piping) includes all the piping within public or private premises, which conveys sewage or other liquid wastes to a public sewer or individual sewage disposal system, but does not include the mains of a public sewer system or public sewage-treatment or disposal plant. Dual vent. See Common Vent. Effective opening. The effective opening is the minimum cross-secticn al area at the point of water-supply discharge, measured or expressed in terms of (1) diameter of a circle, (2) if the opening is not circular, the diameter of a circle of equivalent cross-sectional area. (This is applicable to air gap.) Existing work. Existing work is a plumbing system or any part thereof which has been installed prior to the effective date of this code. Fixture branch. A fixture branch is a pipe connecting several fixtures. Fixture drain. A fixture drain is the drain from the trap of a fixture to the junction of that drain with any other drain pipe. Fixture supply. A fixture supply is a water-supply pipe-connecting the fixture with the fixture branch. Fixture unit. A fixture unit is a quantity in terms of which the load- producing effects on the plumbing system of different kinds of plumbing fixtures are expressed on some arbitrarily chosen scale. Fixture-unit flow rate. Fixture-unit flow rate is the total discharge flow in g. P. m. of a single fixture divided by 7.S which provides the flow rate of that particular plumbing fixture as a unit of flow. Fixtures are rated as -9- 71 multiples of this unit of flow. Flood level. See Flooded. Flood-level rim. The flood-level rim is the top edge of the receptacle from which water overflows. Flooded. A fixture is flooded when the liquid therein rises to the flood- level rim. Flush valves. A flush valve is a device located at the tank for the pur- pose of flushing water closets and similar fixtures. Flushometer valve. A flushometer valve is a device which discharges a predetermined quantity of water to fixtures for flushing purposes and is actuated by direct water pressure. Frostproof closet. A frostproof closet is a hopper that has no water in the bowl and has the trap and the control valve for its water supply installed below the frost line. Grade. Grade is the slope or fall of a line of pipe in reference to a horizontal plane. In drainage it is usually expressed as the fall in a fraction of an inch per foot length of pipe. Grease.interceptor. See Interceptor. Grease trap. See Interceptor. Han ers. See Supports. Horizontal branch. A horizontal branch is a drain pipe extending laterally from a soil or waste stack or building drain, with or without vertical sections or branches, which receives the discharge from one or more fixture drains and conducts.it to the soil or waste stack or to the building (house) drain. Horizontal pipe. A horizontal pipe is any pipe or fitting which is in- stalled in a horizontal position or which makes an angle of less than 450 with the hori zontal. House drain. See Building Drain. House sewer. See Building Sewer. Indirect waste pipe. An indirect waste pipe is a pipe that does not con- nect directly with the drainage system but conveys liquid wastes by discharging into a plumbing fixture or receptacle which is directly connected to the drainage system. Individual vent. An individual vent is a pipe installed to vent a fixture trap and which connects with the vent system above the fixture served or term- inates in the open air. Industrial wastes. Industrial wastes are liquid wastes resulting from the processes employed in industrial establishments and are free of fecal matter. Insanitary. Contrary to sanitary principles--injurious to health. Interceptor. An interceptor is a device designed and installed so as to separate and retain deleterious, hazardous, or undesirable matter from normal wastes and permit normal sewage or liquid wastes to discharge into the disposal terminal by gravity. Liquid waste. Liquid waste is the discharge from any fixture, appliance, or appurtenance, in connection with a plumbing system which does not receive fecal matter. -10- Load factor. Load factor is the percentage of the total connected fix- ture unit flow rate which is likely to occur at any point in the drainage system. It varies with the type of occupancy, the total flow unit above this point being considered, and with the probability factor of simultaneous use. Local ventilating pipe. A local ventilating pipe is a pipe on the fixture side of the trap through which vapor or foul air is removed from a room or fixture. Loop vent. A loop vent is the same as a circuit vent except that it loops back and connects with a stack vent instead of a vent stack. Main. The main of any system of continuous piping is the principal artery of the system, to which branches may be connected. Main sewer. See Public Sewer. Main vent. The main vent is the principal artery of the venting system, to which vent branches may be connected. May. The word "may" is a permissive term. Offset. An offset in a line of piping is a combination of elbows or bends which brings one section of the pipe out of line but into a line parallel with the other section. Person. Person is a natural person, his heirs, executors, administra- tors, or assigns; and includes a firm, partnership or corporation, its or their successors or assigns. Singular includes plural; male includes female. Pitch. See Grade. Plumbing. Plumbing includes the practice, materials, and fixtures used in the installation, maintenance, extension, and alteration of all piping, fix- tures, appliances, and appurtenances in connection with any of the following: Sanitary drainage facilities, the venting system and the public or private water- supply systems, within or adjacent to any building, structure, or conveyance; also the practice and materials used in the installation, maintenance, extension, or alteration of the liquid-waste, or sewerage, and water-supply systems of any premises to their connection with a public sewer or individual sewage dis- posal system. Plumbing shall not include the practice of installing rental water softener conditioning equipment, provided that the aforementioned installation shall be inspected by the Plumbing Inspector. P..lumbina fixtures. Plumbing fixtures are installed receptacles, devices, or appliances which are supplied with water or which receive or discharge liquids or liquid-borne wastes, with or without discharge into the drainage system with which they may be directly or indirectly connected. Plumbing system. The plumbing system includes the water-supply and distribution pipes; plumbing fixtures and traps; soil, waste, and vent pipes; building drains and building sewers including their respective connections, devices, and appurtenances within the property lines of the premises, and water- treating or water-using equipment. Pool. A pool is a water receptacle used for swimming or as a plunge ar other bath, designed to accommodate more than one bather at a time. Potable water. Potable water is water which is satisfactory for drinking, culinary, and domestic purposes, and meets the requirements of the Missouri State Board of Health. Private or private use. In the classification of plumbing fixtures, -11- AM private applies to fixtures in residences and apartments and to fixtures in pri- vate bathrooms of hotels and similar installations where the fixtures are intended for the use of a family or an individual. Public or public use. In the classification of plumbing fixtures, public or public use includes all fixtures except those intended for the use of a family or individual as in a private home or apartment. It includes fixtures in hotels, hospitals, physicians offices, schools, gymnasiums, transportation terminals, bars, public comfort stations, rest rooms or any place to which the public is in- vited or which are frequented by the public without special permission or invitation and other installations where a fixture or a number of fixtures is installed so that their use is similarly unrestricted. Public sewer. A public sewer is a common sewer directly controlled by public authority. Relief vent. A relief vent is a vent the primary function of which is to provide circulation of air between drainage and vent systems. Return offset. A return offset is a double offset installed so as to re- turn the pipe to its original alinement. Revent pipe. A revent pipe (sometimes called an individual vent) is that part of a vent pipe line which connects directly with an individual waste or group of wastes, underneath or back of the fixture, and extends either to the main or branch vent pipe. Rim. A rim is an unobstructed open edge of a fixture. Riser. A riser is a water-supply pipe which extends vertically one full story or more to convey water to branches or fixtures. Roughing-in. Roughing-in is the installation of all parts of the plumbing system which can be completed prior to the installation of fixtures. This includes drainage, water-supply, and vent piping, and the necessary fixture supports. Sanitary sewer. A sanitary sewer is a pipe which carries sewage and excludes storm, surface, and ground water. Second hand. Second hand as applied to material or plumbing equipment is that which has been installed, and has been used, removed, and passed to another ownership or possession. Septic tank. A septic tank is a watertight receptacle which receives the discharge of a drainage system or part thereof, and is designed and con- structed so as to separate solids from the liquid, digest organic matter through a period of detention, and allow the liquids to discharge into the soil outside of the tank through a system of open-joint or perforated piping to a subsurface soil absorption or subsurface filter system. Sewage. Sewage is any liquid waste containing animal or vegetable matter in suspension or solution and may include liquids containing chemicals in solution. Shall. The word "shall" is a mandatory term. Side vent. A side vent is a vent connecting to the drain pipe through a fitting at an angle not greater than 450 to the vertical. Size of piping and tubing. See Diameter. Slope. See Grade. Soil pipe. A soil pipe is any pipe which conveys the discharge of water -12- i closets, urinals, or fixtures having similar functions, with or without the dis- charge from other fixtures, to the building drain or building sewer. Soil vent. See Stack-vent. Stack. A stack is the vertical main of a system of soil, waste, or vent piping. Stack group. Stack group is a term applied to the location of fixtures in relation to the stack so that by means of proper fittings, vents may be re- duced to a minimum. Stack-vent. A stack-vent (sometimes called a waste vent or soil vent) is the extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain connected to the stack. Stack venting. Stack venting is a method of venting a fixture or fixtures through the soil or waste stack. Subsoil drain. A subsoil drain is a drain which receives only sub- surface or seepage water and conveys it to a place of disposal. Sump. A sump is a tank or pit which receives sewage or liquid waste, located below the normal grade of the gravity system and which must be emptied by mechanical means. Supports. Supports, hangers, and anchors are devices for supporting and securing pipe and fixtures to walls, ceilings, floors, or structural members. Trap. A trap is a fitting or device so designed and constructed as to provide, when properly vented, a liquid seal which will prevent the back passage of air without materially affecting the flow of sewage or waste water through it. Trap seal. The trap seal is the maximum vertical depth of liquid that a trap will retain, measured between the crown weir and the top of the dip of the trap. Vacuum breaker. See Backflow preventer. Vent pipe. See Vent system. Vent stack. A ve nt stack is a vertical vent pipe installed primarily for the purpose of providing circulation of air to and from any part of the drainage system. Vent system. A vent system is a pipe or pipes installed to provide a flow of air to or from a drainage system or to provide a circulation of air within such system to protect trap seals from siphonage and back pressure. Vertical pipe. A vertical pipe is any pipe or fitting which is installed in a vertical position or which makes an angle of not more than 450 with the vertical. Waste. See Liquid waste and industrial wastes. Waste pipe. A waste pipe is a pipe which conveys only liquid waste, free of fecal matter. Water distributing pipe. A water-distributing pipe in a building or premises is a pipe which conveys water from the water-service pipe to the plumbing fixtures and other water outlets. Water main. The water (street) main is a water-supply pipe for public or community use. Water outlet. A water outlet, as used in connection with the water- distributing system, is the discharge opening for the water (1) to a fixture; (2) --13- to atmospheric pressure (except into an open tank which is part of the water- supply system); (3) to a boiler or heating system; (4) to any water-operated device or equipment requiring water to operate, but not a part of the plumbing system. Water riser pipe. See Riser. Water service pipe. The water-service pipe is the pipe from the water main or other source of water supply to the building served. Water-supply system. The water-supply system of a building, or Premises consists of the water-service pipe, the water-distributing pipes, and the necessary connecting pipes,, fittings, control valves, and all appurtenances in or adjacent to the building or premises. Wet vent. A wet vent is a vent which receives the discharge from wastes other than water closets. Yoke vent. A yoke vent is a pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste stack to a vent stack for the purpose of preventing pressure changes in the stacks. CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REGULATIONS 3. 1 Conformance with code. 3. 1. 1 All plumbing systems hereafter installed shall conform at least with the provisions of this code. 3. 2 Grade of horizontal drainage piping. 3.2. 1 Horizontal drainage piping shall be run in practical alinement at a uniform grade. (See Sec. 12. 3 for specific slopes. ) 3. 3 Change in direction. 3.3. 1 Fittings. Changes in direction in drainage piping shall be made by the appropriate use of 45oY's, long-or-short-sweep quarter bends, sixth, eighth, or sixteenth bends, or by a combination of these or equivalent fittings. Single and double sanitary T's and quarter bends may be used in drainage lines only where the direction of flow is from the horizontal to the vertical. 3.4 Fittings and connections. 3.4. 1 Fittings prohibited. No fitting having a hub in the direction opposite to flow, or T branch shall be used as a drainage fitting. No running threads, bands, or saddles shall be used in the drainage system. No drainage or vent piping shall be drilled or tapped, except that, copper tubing when used for drainage or vent piping may be tapped provided devices specifically in- tended for that use are employed. 3.4. 2 Heel or side-inlet bend. A heel or side-inlet quarter bend shall not be used as a vent when the inlet is placed in a horizontal position. 3.4.3 Obstruction to flow. No fitting, connection, device, or method of installation which obstructs or retards the flow of water, wastes, sewage, or air in the drainage or venting systems in an amount greater than the normal frictional resistance to flow, shall be used unless it is indicated as acceptable in this code or is approved by the Plumbing Inspector as having a desirable and -14- acceptable function and as of ultimate benefit to the proper and continuing functioning of the plumbing system. The enlargement of a 3-inch closet bend or stub to 4 inches shall not be considered an obstruction. 3. 5 Repairs and alterations. 3. 5. 1 Existing buildings. In existing buildings or premises in which plumbing installations are to be altered, repaired, or renovated, deviations from the provisions of this code are permitted, provided such deviations are found to be necessary, conform to the intent of this code, and are approved in writing by the Plumbing Inspector. 3. 5. 2 Health or safety. Wherever compliance with all the provisions of this code fails to eliminate or alleviate a nuisance which may involve health or safety hazards, the owner or his agent shall install such additional plumbing or drainage equipment as may be found necessary by the Plumbing Inspector. 3.' 6 Sewer and water pipes. 3. 6. 1 Water service pipes, or any underground water pipes, shall not be run or laid in the same trench as the building sewer or drainage piping, ex- cept as provided for in chapters 11 and 12. 3. 7 Trenching, excavation, and backfill. 3.7. 1 Support of piping. Buried piping shall be supported throughout its entire length. 3.7. 2 _Tunneling and driving. Tunneling may be done in yards, courts, or driveways of any building site. When pipes are driven, the drive pipe shall be at least one size larger than the pipe to be laid. 3. 7. 3 _Open trenches. All excavations required to be made for the in- stallation of a building-drainage system, or any part thereof within the walls of a building, shall be open trench work and shall be kept open until the piping has been inspected,tested, and accepted. 3. 7.4 Backfilling. Adequate precaution shall be taken to insure proper compactness of backfill around piping without damage to such piping. 3. 7. 5 Backf ill material. Trenches shall be backfilled in thin layers to 12 inches above the top of the piping with clean earth which shall not contain stones, boulders, cinder-fill, or other materials which would damage or break the piping or cause corrosive action. fill shall be properly compacted. 3. 8 Structural safety. 3. 8. 1 In the process of installing or repairing any part of a plumbing and drainage installation, the finished floors, walls, ceilings, tile work, or any other part of the building or premises which must be changed or replaced shall be left in a safe structural condition. 3.9 Workmanship. 3.9. 1 Workmanship shall conform to generally accepted good practice. 3. 10 Protection of pipes. 3. 10. 1 Breakage and corrosion. Pipes passing under or through walls shall be protected from breakage. Pipes passing through or under cinder or con- crete or other corrosive material, shall be protected against external corrosion by protective coating, wrapping, or other means which will prevent such corrosion. 3. 10. 2 Cutting or notching. No structural member shall be weakened or impaired by cutting, notching, or otherwise, so as to render the structure unsafe. -15- 3. 10. 3 Pipes through footings or I oundations walls. A soil or waste pipe, or building drain passing under a footing or through a foundation wall shall be provided with a relieving arch; or there shall be built into the masonry wall a metal sleeve two pipe sizes greater than the pipe passing through or equivalent protection shall be provided as may be approved in writing by the Plumbing Inspector. 3. 10.4 Freezing. No water, soil, or waste pipe shall be installed or permitted outside of a building or in an exterior wall unless adequate provision is made to protect such pipe from freezing. 3. 11 Damage to drainage system or public sewer. 3. 11.1 It shall be unlawful for any person to deposit by any means into the building drainage system or sewer any ashes; cinders; rags, inflammable, poisonous, or explosive liquids; gases; oils; grease; or any other material which would or could obstruct, damage, or overload such system or sewer. 3. 12 Industrial wastes. 3. 12. 1 Wastes detrimental to the public sewer system or detrimental to the functioning of the sewage-treatment plant shall be treated and disposed of as found necessary and directed by the Plumbing Inspector. 3. 13 Sleeves. 3. 13. 1 Annular space between sleeves and pipes shall be filled or tightly calked with coal tar or asphaltum compound, lead, or other material found equally effective and approved as such by the Plumbing Inspector. 3. 14 Ratproofincs. 3. 14. 1 Exterior openings. All exterior openings provided for the passage of piping shall be properly sealed with snugly fitting collars of metal or other approved ratproof material securely fastened into place. 3. 14. 2 Interior openings. Interior openings through walls, floors, and ceilings shall be ratproofed as found necessary by the Plumbing Inspector. 3. 15 Used or second-hand equipment. 3. 15. 1 It shall be unlawful to purchase, sell, or install used equipment or material for plumbing installation unless it complies with the minimum stand- ards set forth in this Code. 3. 16 Condemned equipment. 3. 16. 1 Any plumbing equipment condemned by the Plumbing Inspector because of wear, damage, defects, or sanitary hazards, shall not be reused for plumbing purposes. 3. 17 Depth of building sewer and water service (outside of building). 3. 17. 1 Sewers and water-service piping shall be installed below the recorded frost penetration, but in no case less than 2 feet 0 inches for sewer and 2 feet 6 inches for water piping below grade. 3. 18 Piping in relation to footings. 3. 18. 1 Parallel. No piping shall be laid parallel to footings or outside bearing walls closer than 3 feet, except as may be approved by the Plumbing Inspector, upon finding that a less distance is safe. Such piping installed deeper than footings or bearing walls shall be 450 therefrom, except as may be approved by the Plumbing Inspector upon finding that a greater angle is safe. -16- 3. 19 Drainage below sewer level. 3. 19. 1 Drainage piping located below the level of the sewer shall be installed as provided for in chapters 12 and 13. 3. 20 Connections to plumbing system required. 3. 20. 1 111 plumbing fixtures, drains, appurtenances, and appliances used to receive or discharge liquid wastes or sewage shall be connected pro- perly to the drainage system of the building or premises, in accordance with the requirements of this code. 3. 21 Sewer required. 3. 21. 1 Every building in which plumbing fixtures are installed shall have a connection to a public sewer except as provided in paragraph 3. 22. 1. 3. 21. 2 Building sewers shall connect into sewer pipe that parallels the surface of the ground. No sewer connection shall be permitted directly into manhole. 3. 22. Individual or private sewage-disposal system. 3. 22. 1 When a public sewer is not available for use, sewage and drainage piping shall be connected to an individual sewage-disposal system. 3. 23 Location of fixtures. 3. 23. 1 Light and Ventilation. Plumbing fixtures, except drinking fountains and single lavatories, shall be located in compartments or rooms pro- vided with ventilation conforming to standards of the building code of the city of Jefferson. 3. 23. 2 Improper location. Piping, fixtures, or equipment shall not be located in such a manner as to interfere with the normal operation of windows, doors, or other exit openings. 3. 24 Piping measurements. 3. 24. 1 Except where otherwise specified in this code all measurements between pipes or between pipes and walls, etc. , shall be made to the center lines of the pipes. 3. 25 Venting. 3. 25. 1 The drainage system shall be provided with a system of vent piping which will permit the admission or emission of air so that under no cir- cumstance of normal or intended use shall the seal of any fixture trap be sub- jected to a pressure differential of more than 1 inch of water. 3. 26 Ventilation ducts. 3. 26. ]. Ventilation ducts from washrooms and toilet rooms shall exhaust to the outer air or form an independent system. 3. 27 Water closet connections. 3. 27. 1 Lead. Four-inch lead bends and stubs may be used on water closets or similar connections. 3. 28 Dead ends. 3. 28. 1 In the installation or removal of any part of a drainage system, dead ends shall be avoided except where necessary to extend a clean-out so as to be accessible. 3. 29 Toilet facilities for workmen. 3. 29. 1 Suitable toilet facilities shall be provided and maintained in a sanitary condition for the use of workmen during construction. -17— CHAPTER 4 MATERIALS-QUALITY AND WEIGHT 4. 1 Materials. 4. 1. 1 Minimum standards. The materials listed in this chapter shall be used in the construction, installation, alteration, or repair of any part of a plumbing and drainage system, except that the Plumbing Inspector shall allow the extension, addition, or relocation of existing soil waste, or vent pipes with materials of like grade or quality, as permitted in paragraph 3. 5. 1. 4. 1. 2 Use of material. Materials shall be free of manufacturing defects or damage which would tend to render such material defective, unsanitary, or otherwise improper to accomplish the purpose of this code. Use of materials shall be further governed by the requirements imposed in other chapters of the code. 4. 2 Special materials. 4. 2. 1 Lead. Sheet lead shall weigh not less than 4 pounds per square foot. Lead bends, lead traps and lead pipe shall be not less than one-eighth inch wall thickness. 4. 2. 2 Calking ferrules. Calking ferrules shall be manufactured from brass and shall be in accordance with the following: Inside Minimum Pipe sizes (inches) diameter Length weight (inches) (inches) each Lb. Oz. 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1/4 4-1/2 1 0 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1/4 4-1/2 1 12 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1/4 4-1/2 2 8 4. 2. 3 Floor flanges. Floor flanges for water closets or similar fixtures shall be at least 5/161' brass soldered to lead pipe, 5/16" brass soldered to copper pipe or 4" deep caulking flanges if used with cast iron pipe; all closet screws and bolts to be of 5/16" brass stock. 4. 2.4 Cleanouts. (a) Cleanout plugs shall be of brass with raised or counter sunk heads. (b) Counter-sunk heads should be used where raised heads may cause a hazard. 4. 3 Alternate materials and methods. 4. 3. 1 Existing premises. In existing buildings or premises in which plumbing installations are to be altered, repaired, or renovated, the Plumbing Inspector has discretionary powers to permit deviation from the provisions of this code, provided that such a proposal to deviate is first submitted for proper determination in order that health and safety requirements, as they pertain to plumbing shall be observed. 4. 3. 2 Approval. Provisions of this code are not intended to prevent the use of any material, device, method of assemblage or installation, fixture, or -18- appurtenance not specifically authorized, provided such alternate has been approved by the Plumbing Inspector, in accordance with this section. 4.3. 3 Evidence of compliance. The Plumbing Inspector shall require sufficient evidence to enable him to Judge whether proposed alternates meet the requirements of this code for safety and health. 4. 3. 4 Tests. When there is insufficient evidence to substantiate claims for alternates, the Plumbing Inspector may require tests of compliance as proof to be made by an approved agency at the expense of the applicant. 4. 3. 5 Test Procedure. Tests shall be made in accordance with gen- erally recognized standards; but in the absence of such standards, the Plumbing Inspector shall specify the test procedure. 4.3. 6 Repeated tests. The Plumbing Inspector may require tests to be repeated if, at any time, there is reason to believe that an alternate no longer conforms to the requirements on which its approval was based. TABLE 4.4 Materials for plumbing work shall meet or exceed the following: I. Underground drainage outside building: a) vitrified clay sewer pipe and fittings b) tarred service weight cast iron soil pipe and fittings II. Underground drainage within buildings: a) tarred service weight cast iron soil pipe and fittings III. Above ground drainage within buildings to 6" above flood level of fixture: a) tarred service weight cast iron soil pipe and fittings b) lead pipe and fittings of 1/8" wall thickness C) type DWV copper tubing and drainage fittings IV. Underground vents: a) tarred service weight cast iron soil pipe and fittings V. Above ground vents: a) tarred service weight cast iron soil pipe and fittings b) lead pipe and fittings of 1/8" wall thickness C) type DWV copper tubing and drainage fittings d) galvanized steel pipe with galvanized malleable fittings VI. Underground water supply: a) type K copper tube with cast brass flared fittings or solder Joint fittings b) cast iron pipe and fittings, 150 psi c) galvanized steel pipe with galvanized malleable fittings cleaned and painted with coal tar enamel VII. Above ground water supply a) type L copper tube with copper or brass fittings b) galvanized steel pipe with galvanized malleable fittings. -19- CHAPTER 5 JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS 5. 1 Tightness. 5. 1. 1 Joints and connections in the plumbing system shall be gas- tight and water tight for the pressures required by test, with the exception of those portions of perforated or open-joint piping which are installed in con- nection with individual sewage disposal system. 5. 2 Types of joints. 5. 2. 1 Calked joints. Calked joints for cast-iron bell-and spigot soil pipe shall be firmly packed with oakum or hemp and filled with molten lead not less than 1 inch deep and not to extend more than one-eighth inch below rim of hub. No paint, varnish, or other coating shall be permitted on the jointing material until after the joint has been tested and approved. 5. 2. 2 Threaded ,joints--screwed joints. Threads shall conform to American National Taper Pipe thread. All burrs shall be removed. Pipe ends shall be reamed or filed out to size of bore, and all chips shall be removed. Pipe-joint cement and paint shall be used only on male threads. 5. 2. 3 Wiped joints. Joints in lead pipe or fittings, or between lead pipe or fittings and brass or copper pipe ferrules, solder nipples, or traps, shall be full-wiped joints. Wiped joints shall have an exposed surface on each side of a joint not less than three-fourths inch and at least as thick as the material being Jointed. Wall or floor flange lead-wiped joints shall.be made by using a lead ring or flange placed behind the joint at wall or floor. Joints between lead pipe and cast iron, steel, or wrought iron shall be made by means of a calking ferrule or soldering nipple. 5. 2.4 Soldered or sweat joints. Soldered or sweat joints for tubing shall be made with approved fittings. Surfaces to be soldered or sweated shall be cleaned bright. The joints shall be properly fluxed and made with approved solder. Joints in copper water tubing shall be made by the appropriate use of approved brass water fittings, properly sweated or soldered together. 5. 2. 5 Flared joints. Flared joints for soft-copper water tubing shall be made with fittings meeting approved standards. The tubing shall be expanded with a proper flaring tool. 5. 2. 6 Hot-Poured joints. Vitrified clay sewer pipe joints shall be care- fully centered and firmly packed with oakum or jute in such a manner as to not disturb the alignment of the pipe, and in such a way as to permit the compound to have the greatest unobstructed surface for good pouring and adhesion. After the pipe joint has been thoroughly cleaned, a suitable runner shall then be placed and the compound, heated to flowing consistency shall be poured in such a man- ner that the entire remaining annular space shall be filled. Hot-poured compound shall consist of mineral filled plastic or bitumastic coal tar containing an inert filler which shall have high tensile and compressive strength, yet shall possess -20- sufficient cold flow to yield without breaking when subjected to slowly applied compressive forces. It shall be permissible to make alternate joints before lowering the pipe into the trench. S. 2.7 Die cast joints. Vitrified clay sewer pipe shall be fitted with an approved factory made precast joint attached to the pipe. Factory made Joints shall be fitted with a ring, die cast into the socket of the pipe and the spigot shall be fitted with a collar of suitable material. The collar of the spigot shall be of a size such that when shoved into the ring of the socket there shall be a tight fit between the interfaces. When putting die cast joints together only the solvents and lubricants recommended by the pipe manufac- turer shall be used. 5. 2. 8 Brazed joints. Brazed joints shall not be used on cast iron soil pipe or fittings. 5. 2.9 Cold Troweled Mastic joints. Cold applied mastic joints shall consist of two components: one, a dry powder composed of mineral bitumen, pulverized to the proper fineness and blended with a mineral filler and second, a liquid bituminous fluxing agent, which when combined with the powdered com- ponent, shall form a homogeneous plastic compound. The compound shall be of the internal set up mastic type and shall not be such as to depend upon oxidation or evaporation to obtain its set. It shall be self-hardening and shall set up if submerged in water. It shall be mixed on the job at the time used, and be of such consistency that it may be placed in the bells of the pipe and remain there without slumping. A closely twisted gasket of jute or oakum shall be used to center the spigot of the next pipe inserted in the bell. After the pipe has been bedded to line and grade, the entire remaining annular space shall be troweled full with bituminous mastic. 5.2. 10 Cast iron sewer Pipe joints. joints in cast iron sewer pipe may be sealed with rubber rings provided with pipe for such use. 5.3 Use of Joints. 5.3. 1 Clay sewer pipe. joints in vitrified clay pipe or between such pipe and metal pipe shall be made as provided in paragraphs 5. 2. 6 and 5. 2. 7. and 5. 2. 9. 5.3. 2 Cast-iron pipe. joints in cast-iron pipe shall be either calked or screwed, as provided in paragraphs 5. 2. 1 and 5. 2. 2. 5. 3. 3 Screw pipe to cast-iron. joints between wrought-iron, steel, brass, or copper pipe, and cast-iron pipe shall be either calked or threaded joints made as provided in paragraphs 5. 2. 1 and 5. 2. 2 or shall be made with approved adapter fittings. 5.3.4 Copper water tube. joints in copper tubing shall be made either by the appropriate use of approved brass water fittings, properly sweated or soldered together or by means of approved compression fittings as provided in paragraphs 5. 2.4 and 5. 2. S. 5.4 Special joints. 5. 4. 1 Copper tubing to screwed pipe joints. joints from copper tubing to threaded pipe shall be made by the use of brass converter fittings. The Joint between the copper pipe and the fitting shall be properly sweated or soldered, and the connection between the threaded pipe and the fitting shall be -21- Aft made with a standard pipe size screw joint. Connections between steel and copper materials shall be fitted with approved non-conductive devices. 5.4. 2 Brazing or welding. Brazing or welding shall be performed in accordance with requirements of recognized published standards of practice and by licensed or otherwise qualified mechanics except when it is determined by the Plumbing Inspector to be equivalent procedure for the purpose of this code. 5.4.3 Slip joints. In drainage and water piping, slip joints may be used only on the inlet side of the trap or in the trap seal, and on the exposed fixture supply. 5.4.4 Expansion joints. Expansion joints must be accessible and may be used where necessary to provide for expansion and.contraction of the pipes. 5.4. 5 Ground joint brass connections. Ground joint brass connections which allow adjustment of tubing but provide a rigid joint when made up shall not be considered as slip joints. 5. 5 Unions (screwed) 5. 5. 1 Drainage system. Unions may be used in the trap seal and on the inlet side of the trap. Unions shall have metal-to-metal seats. 5. 5. 2 Water-supply system. Unions in the water-supply system shall be metal-to-metal with ground seats. 5. 6 Water closet, pedestal urinal, and trap standard service. 5. 6. 1 Fixture connections between drainage pipes and water closets, floor-outlet service sinks, pedestal urinals, and earthenware trap standards, shall be made by means of 5/16" thick brass flanges soldered to the drainage pipe or by means of 4 x 4" or more cast iron flanges with a calked joint when drainage pipe is of cast iron. The connection shall be bolted, with an approved gasket or washer or setting compound between the earthenware and the connec- tion. The floor flange shall be set on an approved firm base. The use of com- mercial putty or plaster is prohibited. 5.7 Prohibited joints and connections. 5. 7. 1 Drainage system. Any fitting or connection which has an enlarge- ment, chamber, or recess with a ledge, shoulder, or reduction of pipe area, that offers an obstruction to flow through the drain, is prohibited. S. 7.2 No fitting or connection that offers abnormal obstruction to flow, shall be used. 5. 7. 3 Cement mortar or other hard setting materials are prohibited. 5. 8 Waterproofing of openings. 5. 8. 1 joints at the roof, around vent pipes, shall be made water-tight by the use of lead, copper, or combination aluminum and lead flashing material. Exterior-wall openings shall be made watertight. 5.9 Increasers and reducers. 5.9. 1 Where different sizes of pipes, or pipes and fittings are to be connected, the proper size increasers or reducers or reducing fittings shall be used.between the two sizes. -22- CHAPTER 6 TRAPS AND CLEANOUTS 6. 1 Traps• 6. 1. 1 Fixture traps. Plumbing fixtures, excepting those having integral traps, shall be separately trapped by a water-seal trap, placed as close to the fixture outlet as possible. (a) Provided, that a combination plumbing fixture may be installed on one trap, if one compartment is not more than 6 inches deeper than the other and the waste outlets are not more than 30 inches apart. (b) Provided, that one trap may be installed for a set of not more than three single-compartment sinks or laundry trays or three lava- tories immediately adjacent to each other in the same room, if the waste outlets are not more than 30 inches apart and the trap is centrally located when three compartments are installed. 6. 1. 2 Distance of trap to fixture. The vertical distance from the fix- ture outlet to the trap weir shall not exceed 24 inches. 6. 2 _Type and size of traps and fixture drains. 6. 2. 1 Trap size. The size (nominal diameter) of trap for a given fixture shall be sufficient to drain the fixture rapidly but in no case less than given in Chapter 12, table 12.4. 2. 6. 2. 2 Relation to .fixture drains. No trap shall be larger than the fix- ture drain to which it is connected. 6. 2.3 Type of traps. (a) Fixture traps shall be self-cleaning other than integral traps without partitions or movable parts, except as specifically Ah approved in other sections of this code. 19 (b) Slip joints or couplings may be used on the trap inlet or within the trap seal of the trap if metal-to-metal ground joint is used. (c) A trap integral with the fixture shall have a uniform interior and smooth waterway. 6. 2.4 _Drum traps. (a) Drum traps shall be 3 inches in diameter and shall be provided with a water seal of not less than 2 inches. (b) The trap screw shall be one size less than the trap diameter. 6.3 General requirements. 6.3. 1 Trap seal. Each fixture trap shall have a water seal of not less than 2 inches and not more than 4 inches, except where a deeper seal is found necessary by the Plumbing Inspector for special conditions. 6. 3. 2 Trap cleanouts. (a) Each fixture trap, except those cast integral or in combination with fixtures in which the trap seal is readily accessible or except when a portion of the trap is readily removable for clean- ing purposes, shall have an accessible brass trap screw of ample size protected by this water seal. -23- (b) Cleanouts on the seal of a trap shall be made tight with threaded cleanout plug and approved washer. 6.3. 3 Trap level and protection. Traps shall be set true with respect to their water seals and, where necessary, they shall be protected from freezing. 6.3. 4 Trams underground. Underground traps shall be provided with accessible and removable cleanouts, except that cleanouts shall not be re- quired for traps serving shower stall basins. 6.3. 5 Prohibited traps. (a) No trap which depends for its seal upon the action of movable parts shall be used. (b) Full S traps are prohibited. (c) Bell traps are prohibited. (d) Crown-vented traps are prohibited. 6.3. 6 Double trapping. No fixture shall be double trapped. 6.4 Pipe cleanouts. 6.4. 1 Location. Cleanouts shall be not more than 50 feet apart in horizontal drainage lines of 4-inch nominal diameter or less and not more than 100 feet apart for larger pipes. 6.4. 2 Underground drainage. Cleanouts, when installed on an under- ground drain, shall be extended to or above the finished grade level directly above the place where the cleanout is 'installed; or may be extended to the out- side of the building when found necessary by the Plumbing Inspector. 6.4. 3 Change of direction. Cleanouts shall be installed at each change of direction of the building drain greater than 450. 6.4.4 Concealed piping. Cleanouts on concealed piping shall be ex- tended through and terminate flush with the finished wall or floor; or pits or chases may be left in the wall or floor, provided they are of sufficient size to permit removal of the cleanout plug and effective cleaning of the system. 6.4.5 Base of stacks. A cleanout shall be provided at or near the foot of each vertical waste or soil stack. For buildings with a floor slab on fill or ground or with less than 18-inch crawl space under the floor the following will be acceptable in lieu of a cleanout at the base of the stack; The building drain may be extended to the outside of the building and terminated in an accessible cleanout or an accessible two-way cleanout installed in the building drain downstream from the stack not more than 5 feet outside the building wall. 6.4. 6 Direction of flow. Every cleanout shall be installed so that the cleanout opens in the direction of the flow of the drainage line. 6. 4.7 Cleanout plugs shall not be used for the installation of new fix- tures or floor drains except where approved in writing by the Plumbing Inspector. 6. 5 Size of cleanouts. 6. 5. 1 Small pipe. Cleanouts shall be of the same nominal size as the pipes up to 4 inches and not less than 4 inches for larger piping, except that Iron body cleanouts may be provided with brass plugs smaller than the piping served. 6. 6 Cleanout clearances. -24- 6. 6. 1 Large pipes. Cleanouts on 3-inch or larger pipe shall be so installed that there is a clearance of not less than 18 inches for the purpose of rodding. 6. 6. 2 Small pipes. Cleanouts smaller than 3 inches shall be so installed that there is a 12-inch clearance for rodding. 6. 6. 3 Calking. Cement, plaster, or any other permanent finishing material shall not be placed over a cleanout plug. 6. 6.4 Concealment. Where it is necessary to conceal a cleanout plug, a covering plate or access door shall be provided which will permit ready access to the plug. 6. 7 Cleanout equivalent. 6.7. 1 A fixture trap or a fixture with integral trap, readily removable without disturbing concealed roughing work, may be accepted as a cleanout equivalent, if there is no more than one 90 bend on the line to be rodded. 6. 8 Acidproof traps. 6. 8.1 Where a vitrified-clay or other brittleware, acid-proof trap is Installed underground, it shall be embedded in concrete to a thickness of 6 inches from the bottom and sides of the trap. CHAPTER 7 INTERCEPTORS--SEPARATORS AND BACKWATER VALVES 7. 1 Interceptors and separators. 7. 1. 1 When required. Interceptors (including grease, oil, and sand interceptors, etc. ) shall be provided when, in the judgment of the Plumbing Inspector, they are necessary for the proper handling of liquid wastes con- taining grease, flammable wastes, sand, and other ingredients harmful to the building drainage system, the public sewer or sewage-treatment plant or pro- cesses. 7. 1. 2 Approval. The size, type, and location of each interceptor or separator shall be approved by the Plumbing Inspector in accordance with gen- erally accepted standards and no wastes other than those requiring treatment or separation shall be discharged into any interceptor. 7. 1. 3 Separation. A mixture of light and heavy solids or liquids and solids having various specific gravities may be treated and then separated in an interceptor as approved by the Plumbing Inspector in accordance with para- graph 7. 1. 2. 7. 2 Grease interceptors. 7. 2. 1 Commercial buildings. A grease interceptor shall be installed in the waste line leading from sinks, drains, or other fixtures in the following establishments when, in the judgment of the Plumbing Inspector, a hazard exists; restaurants, hotel kitchens or bars, factory cafeterias or restaurants, clubs, or other establishments where grease can be introduced into the drainage system in quantities that can effect line stoppage or hinder sewage disposal. 7. 2. 2 Residential units. A grease intercept or is not required for -25- individual dwelling units or any private living quarters. 7.3 Oil separators. 7.3. 1 An oil separator shall be installed in the drainage system or section of the system where, in the judgment of the Plumbing Inspector, a hazard exists or where oils or other flammables can be introduced or admitted into the drainage system by accident or otherwise. 7. 4 Sand intercepters. 7.4. 1 Commercial installations. Sand and similar interceptors for heavy solids shall be so designed and located as to be readily accessible for cleaning, and shall have a water seal of not less than 6 inches. 7. 5 Venting interceptors 7. 5. 1 Relief vent. Interceptors shall be so designed that they will not become air bound if closed covers are used. Each interceptor shall be properly vented. 7. 6 Accessibility of interceptor. 7. 6. 1 Each interceptor shall be so installed as to provide ready accessi- bility to the cover and means for servicing and maintaining the interceptor in working and operating condition. The use of ladders or the removal of bulky equipment in order to service interceptors shall constitute a violation of accessi- bility. 7.7 Interceptor's efficiency. 7.7. 1 Flow rate. Interceptors shall be rated and approved for their efficiency as determined by the Plumbing Inspector and in accordance with generally accepted practice. 7. 7. 2 _Approval. No grease interceptor shall be approved until it has successfully passed the testing and rating procedure set up by the Plumbing Inspector. 7.7. 3 Water connection. Water connection for cooling or operating an interceptor shall be such that backflow cannot occur. 7. 8 Laundries. 7. 8. 1 Interceptors. Commercial laundries shall be equipped with an interceptor having a removable wire basket or similar device that will prevent strings, rags, buttons, or other materials detrimental to the public sewerage system from passing into the drainage system. 7. 8. 2 Intercepting device. Basket or device shall prevent passage into the drainage system of solids one-half inch or larger in size. The basket or device shall be removable for cleaning purposes. 7.9 Bottling establishments. _Bottling plants. Bottling plants shall discharge their process wastes into an interceptor which will provide for the :separation of broken glass or other solids, before discharging liquid wastes into the drainage system. 7. 10 Slaughterhouses. 7. 10. 1 Separators. Slaughtering-room drains shall be equipped with separators which shall prevent the discharge into the drainage system of feathers, entrails, and other materials likely to clog the drainage system. 7. 10. 2 Interceptors. Slaughtering and dressing-room drains shall be provided with interceptors approved by the Plumbing Inspector in accordance -26- Auk with paragraph 7. 1. 2. 7. 10. 3 Food-grinder. Wastes may discharge directly to the building drainage system. 7. 11 Commercial grinders. 7. 11. '1 Discharge. Where commercial food-waste grinders are in- stalled, the waste from those units may discharge direct into the building drainage system and not through a grease interceptor. 7. 11. 2 Approval. The Plumbing Inspector shall determine where and what type of interceptor is necessary, except that interceptors shall not be required for private living quarters or residential units. 7. 12 Maintenance. 7.12. 1 Cleaning. Interceptors shall be maintained in efficient oper- ating condition by periodic removal of accumulated grease. 7. 13 Oil interceptors. 7. 13. 1 Where required. Oil separators shall be installed when re- quired by the Plumbing Inspector and shall conform to requirements of paragraph 7. 13. 2. 7. 13. 2 Minimum dimension. Oil separators shall have a depth of not less than 2 feet below the invert of the discharge drain. 7. 13. 3 Motor-vehicle storage. Interceptors shall have a capacity of 6 cubic feet where not more than 3 vehicles are serviced and 1 cubic foot in net capacity shall be added for each additional vehicle up to 10 vehicles. Where more than 10 vehicles are serviced, the Plumbing Inspector shall deter- mine the size of separator required. 7. 13. 4 _Motor-vehicle servicing. Where storage facilities are not maintained, as in repair shops, the capacity of the separator shall be based on a net capacity of 1 cubic foot for each 100 square feet of surface to be drained into the interceptor with a minimum capacity of 6 cubic feet. 7. 13. 5 Special type separators. Before installing any special type separator a drawing including all pertinent information shall be submitted for approval of the Plumbing Inspector as being in accordance with this code. 7. 14 Backwater valves. 7. 14. 1 Fixtures subject to backflow. The installation of backwater devices shall meet the approval of the Plumbing Inspector. 7. 14. 2 Fixture branches. Backwater valves shall be installed in the branch of the building drain which receives only the discharge from fixtures located within such branch and below grade. 7. 14. 3 Material. All bearing parts of backwater valves shall be of corrosion-resistant material. 7. 14. 4 Backwater valves shall be so constructed as to insure a mechan- ical seal against backflow. 7. 14. 5 Diameter. Backwater valves, when fully opened, shall have a capacity not less than that of the pipes in which they are installed. 7. 14. 6 Location. Backwater valves shall be so installed as to pro- vide ready accessibility to their working parts. -27- C HAPTER 8 PLUMBING FIXTURES 8. 1 General requirements--Materials. 8. 1. 1 Quality of_fixtures. Plumbing fixtures shall have smooth im- pervious surfaces, be free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces and shall be classified as "Grade B" or higher quality. 8. 2 Alternate materials. 8. 2. 1 Materials. Sinks and special-use fixtures may be made of soapstone, chemical stoneware, or may be lined with lead, copper-base alloy, nickel-copper alloy, corrosion-resisting steel or other materials especially suited to the use for which the fixture is intended. 8.3 Overflows. 8.3. 1 Design. When any fixture is provided with an overflow, the waste shall be so arranged that the standing water in the fixture cannot rise in the overflow when the stopper is closed or remain in the overflow when the fixture is empty. 8.3. 2 Connection. The overflow pipe from a fixture shall be con- nected on the house or inlet side of the fixture trap, except that overflows or flush tanks may discharge into the water closets or urinals served by them, but it shall be unlawful to connect such overflows with any other part of the drainage system. 8.4 Installation. 8.4. 1 Cleaning. Plumbing fixtures shall be installed in a manner to afford easy access for cleaning. Where practical, all pipes from fixtures shall be run to the nearest wall. 8.4. 2 Joints. Where fixture.comes in contact with wall and floors, the joints shall be watertight. 8.4.3 _Securing fixtures. Floor-outlet fixtures shall be rigidly secured to floor by screws or bolts. 8.4. 4 Wall-hung bowls._ Wall-hung water-closet bowls shall be rigidly supported by a concealed metal supporting member so that no strain is transmitted to the closet connection. 8.4. 5 Setting. Fixture shall be set level and in proper alinement with reference to adjacent walls. 8. 5 Water-suPPIY 2rotection. 8.5. 1 Supply fittin s. The supply lines or fittings for every plumbing fixture shall be so installed as to prevent backflow. 8. 6 Prohibited fixtures and connections. 8. 6. 1 Fixtures. Pan, valve, plunger, offset, washout latrine, frost- proof, and other water closets having an invisible seal or an unventilated space or having walls which are not thoroughly washed at each discharge, are prohibited. Any water closet which might permit siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank are prohibited. 8. 6. 2 Connections. Fixtures having concealed slip-joint connections -28- 0 shall be provided with an access panel or utility space so arranged as to make the slip connections accessible for inspection and repair. 8.7 Water closets. 8.7. 1 Public use. Water-closet bowls for public use shall be of the elongated type. 8.7. 2 Flushing device. Water-closet tanks shall have a flushing capacity sufficient to properly flush the water-closet bowls with which they are connected. 8. 7.3 Float valves. Float valves in lowdown tanks shall close tight and provide water to properly refill the trap seal in the bowl. 8.7.4 Close-coupled tanks. The flush-valve seat in close-coupled water-closet combinations shall be 1 inch or more above the rim of the bowl, so that the flush-valve will close even if the closet trapway is clogged, or any closets with flush valve seats below the rim of the bowl shall be so con- structed that in case of trap stoppage, water will not flow continuously over the rim of the bowl. 8.7.5 Automatic flush valve. Flushometers shall be so installed that they will be readily accessible for repairing. When the valve is operated, it shall complete the cycle of operation automatically, opening fully and closing positively under the service pressure. At each operation the valve shall deliver water in sufficient volume and at a rate that will thoroughly flush the fixtures and refill the fixture trap. Means shall be provided for regulating flush-valve flow. Not more than one fixture shall be served by a single flush valve. Pro- tection against backflow shall be provided as specified in paragraph 11. 5. 1. 8.7. 6 Seats. Water closets shall be equipped with seats of smooth nonabsorbent material. All seats of water closets provided for public use shall be of the elongated open-front type less cover. Integral water-closet seats shall be. of the same material as the fixture. 8.8 Urinals. 8. 8. 1 Automatic flushing tank. Tanks flushing more than one urinal shall be automatic in operation and of sufficient capacity to provide the necessary volume to flush and properly cleanse all urinals simultaneously. 8. 8. 2 Urinals equipped with automatic flush valves. Flushometers shall be as prescribed in paragraph 8. 7. 5 and no valve shall be used to flush more than one urinal. 8. 8. 3 Trough urinals. Trough urinals shall be permitted only in places of temporary occupancy. They shall be not less than 6 inches deep and shall be furnished with one-piece backs and have strainers with outlets at least 1-1/2 inches in diameter. The washdown pipe shall be perforated so as to flush with an even curtain of water against the back of the urinal. This pipe shall be securely clamped as high as practicable to the back of the urinal. Trough urinals shall have tanks with a flushing capacity of not less than 1-1/2 gallons of water for each 2 feet of urinal length. 8. 8.4 Equivalent length. Trough urinals shall be figured on the basis of one urinal for each 18 inches of length, provided that-- 24-inch trough equals 1 urinal. 36-inch trough equals 2 urinals. -29- 48-inch trough equals 2 urinals. 60-inch trough equals 3 urinals. 72-inch trough equals 4 urinals. 8. 8.5 Floor-type urinals. Floor-type trough urinals are prohibited. 8. 8. 6 Surrounding materials. Wall and floor space to a point 1 foot in front of urinal lip and 4 feet above the floor, and at least, 1 foot to each side of the urinal shall be lined with nonabsorbent material. 8.9 Strainers and fixture outlets. 8.9. 1 All plumbing fixtures, other than water closets and syphon- action washdown or blowout urinals, shall be provided with metal strainers. 8. 10 Lavatories. 8. 10. 1 Waste outlets. Lavatories shall have waste outlets not less than 1-1/4 inches in diameter. Wastes may have open strainers or may be provided with stoppers. 8. 11 Shower receptors and compartments. 8. 11. 1 Shower. All shower compartments, except those built directly on the ground or those having metal enameled receptors, shall have a lead or copper shower pan or the equivalent thereof or as determined by the Plumbing Inspector. The pan shall turn up on all sides at least 2 inches above finished floor level. Traps shall be so constructed that the pan may be securely fasten- ed to the trap at the seepage entrance making a watertight joint between the pan and trap. Shower receptacle waste outlets shall be not less than 2 inches in diameter and have removable strainers. 8. 11. 2 On the ground. Shower receptors built on the ground shall be constructed from dense nonabsorbent and noncorrosive materials and shall have smooth impervious surfaces, or as provided in paragraph 8. 11. 1. 8. 11. 3 Dimensions. Shower compartments shall have not less than 1, 024 square inches in floor area and, if rectangular, square, or triangular in plan, shall be not less than 30 inches in shortest dimension. 8. 11.4 Construction. Floors under shower compartments shall be laid on a smooth and structurally sound base and shall be lined and made watertight with sheet lead, copper, or other acceptable materials. Shower compartments located in basements, cellars, or in other rooms in which the floor has been laid directly on the ground surface need not be lined. 8. 11. 5 Public or institution showers. Floors of public shower rooms shall be drained in such a manner that no waste water from any head will pass over areas occupied by other bathers. 8. 11. 6 Walls. Shower compartments shall have walls constructed of smooth, noncorrosive and nonabsorbent waterproof materials to a height of not less than 6 feet above floor. 8. 11. 7 oints. Built-in tubs with overhead showers shall have water- proof joints between the tub and walls and the walls shall be waterproof. 8. 12 Sinks. 8. 12. 1 Vl aste outlets. Sinks shall be provided with waste outlets not less than 1-1/2 inches in diameter. Waste outlets may have open strainers or may be provided with stoppers. -30- 8. 12. 2 Food grinders. Sinks on which a food waste grinder is in- stalled shall have a waste opening not less than 3-1/2 inches in diameter. 8. 13 Food-waste-grinder units. 8. 13. 1 Separate connections. Domestic food-waste-disposal units shall be connected and trapped separately from any other fixture or compart- ment. Units may have either automatic or hand-operated water supply control. 8. 13. 2 Grease interceptors. No food-waste grinder shall be con- nected through a grease interceptor. 8. 13. 3 Commercial-type grinders. Commercial-type food-grinders shall be provided with not less than a 2-inch waste line. Each waste line shall be trapped and vented as provided in other sections of this code. 8. 14 Drinking fountains. 8. 14. 1 Design and Construction. Drinking fountains shall be con- structed of impervious material, such as vitreous china, porcelain, enameled cast iron, other metals, or stoneware. The jet of the fountains shall issue from a nozzle of non-oxidizing impervious material set at an angle from the vertical. The nozzle and every other opening in the water pipe or conductor leading to the nozzle shall be above the edge of the bowl so that such nozzle or opening will not be flooded in case a drain from the bowl of the fountain be- comes clogged. The end of the nozzle shall be protected by non-oxidizing guards to prevent persons using the fountain from coming into contact with the nozzle. 8. 14. 2 Regulation of water supply. The water supply pipe shall be provided with an automatic valve permitting the regulation of the rate of flow of water to the fountain. 8. 15 Floor drains. 8. 15. 1 Trap and strainers. Floor drains shall have metal traps and a minimum water seal of 2 inches and shall be provided with removable strainers. The open area of strainer shall be at least two-thirds of the cross-section area of the drain line to which it connects. 8. 15. 2 Size. Floor drains shall be of a size to serve efficiently the purpose for which it is intended. 8. 16 Dishwashing machines. 8. 16. 1 Protection. Domestic dishwashing machines shall meet re- quirements in paragraph 11.4. 3. 8. 16. 2 Separate trap. Each unit shall be separately trapped or dis- charged indirectly into a properly trapped and vented fixture. 8. 16. 3 Air gap. Commercial dishwashing machines shall be connected through an air gap or as provided in chapter 10, Indirect Waste Piping and Special Wastes. 8. 16.4 Hot Water. Dishwashing machines or similar dishwashing equipment not in private living quarters or dwelling units shall be provided with water at 1800F. for sterilization. 8. 17 Multiple wash sinks. 8. 17. 1 Circular type. Each 18 inches'of wash sink circumference (circular type) shall be equivalent to one lavatory. -31- 8. 17. 2 Straight-line type. Multiple wash sinks of the straight line type shall have hot and cold combination spouts not closer than 18 inches from adjacent similar spouts and each spout shall be considered the equivalent of one lavatory. 8. 18 Garbage-can washers. 8. 18. 1 Discharge. Garbage-can washers shall not discharge through a trap serving any other device or fixture. 8.18. 2 Grease interceptor. The discharge from a garbage-can washer shall be connected through a grease interceptor. 8. 18.3 Baskets. The receptacle receiving the wash from garbage cans shall be provided with a basket or similar device to prevent the discharge of large particles into the building drainage system. 8. 18.4 Connections. Water-supply connections shall conform to paragraph 11.4. 3. 8. 19 Laundry trays. B. 19. 1 Waste outlets. Each compartment of a laundry tray shall be provided with a waste outlet not less than 1-1/2 inches in diameter and with a stopper. 8. 19. 2 Overflow_. Laundry-tray overflows shall conform to the re- quirements of paragraph 8. 3. 1. 8. 20 Special fixtures and specialties. 8. 20. 1 Water and drain connections. Baptistries, ornamental and lily pools, aquaria, ornamental fountain basins, and similar constructions when provided with water supplies shall be protected from back siphonage as required in paragraph 11.4.3. 8. 20. 2 Approval. Specialties requiring water and waste connections shall be submitted for approval of the Plumbing Inspector. 8. 21 Minimum facilities. 8. 21. 1 Wherever plumbing fixtures are installed, the minimum number of each type of fixture installed shall be in accordance with table 8. 21. 2, unless otherwise specifically provided. (See following page for Table 8. 21. 2) CHAPTER 9 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS 9. 1 Strain and stresses. 9. 1. 1 General. Piping in a plumbing system shall be installed without undue strains and stresses and provision shall be made for expansion, con- traction, and structural settlement. 9.2 _Vertical piping, 9. 2. 1 Attachment. 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A i ° 4-o 0.a0 a o w ) .�rt.).0 U a) � o -0-0,4 a 0 0 � � "'' CA �N w 0� b(ts H A & ro N c1l tv A v)in (L) CHAPTER 10 INDIRECT WASTE PIPING AND SPECIAL WASTES 10. 1 Indirect waste piping. 10. 1. 1 General. Wastes from the following shall discharge to the building drainage system through an air gap serving the individual fixtures, devices, appliances, or apparatus. 10. 1. 2 Food handling. Establishments engaged in the storage, pre- paration, selling, serving, processing, or otherwise handling of food shall have the waste piping from all refrigerators, ice boxes, rinse sinks, cooling or refrigerating coils, laundry washers, extractors, steam tables, egg boilers, coffee urns, or similar equipment discharge indirectly into a water-supplied sink or receptor and the waste outlet shall terminate at least 2 inches above the flood rim of such sink or receptor. 10. 1. 3 Commercial dishwashing machines. Dishwashing machines, except those in private living quarters or dwelling units, shall be indirectly connected, except that when a dishwashing machine is located adjacent to a floor drain the waste from the dishwashing machine may be connected direct on the sewer side of the floor drain trap. 10. 1.4 Interceptor. An interceptor may be placed on the outlet side of the dishwashing machine, or on the discharge side of the waste receptor. 10. 1. 5 Connection. Indirect waste connections shall be provided for drains, overflows, or relief vents from the water-supply system. 10. 1. 6 Sterile materials. Appliances, devices, or apparatus such as stills, sterilizers, and similar equipment requiring water and waste and used for sterile material shall be indirectly connected or provided with an air gap between the trap and the appliance. 10. 1.7 Drips. Appliances, devices, or apparatus not regularly classed as plumbing fixtures but which have drips or drainage outlets, may be drained by indirect waste pipes discharging into an open receptacle as pro- vided in paragraph 10. 1. 2. 10. 2 Material and size. 10. 2. 1 The material and size of indirect waste pipes shall be in accordance with the provisions of the other sections of this code applicable to sanitary-drainage piping. 10. 3 Cleaning. 10. 3. 1 Indirect waste piping shall be so installed as to permit ready access for flushing and cleansing. 10. 4 Air gap or backflow preventer. 10. 4. 1 Provision of air gap. The air gap between the indirect waste and the building drainage system shall be at least twice the effective diameter of the drain served and shall be as provided in paragraph 10.4. 2 and 10.4. 3; 10. 4. 2 By extending the indirect waste pipe to an open, accessible slop sink, floor drain, or other suitable fixture which is properly trapped or vented. The indirect waste shall terminate a sufficient distance above the -35- \ 1 9. 2. 2 Cast-iron soil pipe. Cast-iron soil pipe shall be supported at not less than at every story height and at its base. 9. 2.3 Screwed pipe. Screwed pipe shall be supported at not less than every other story height. 9. 2.4 Copper tubing. Copper tubing shall be supported at not less than at every story height and at its base. 9. 2.5 Lead pipe. Lead pipe shall be supported at intervals not ex- ceeding 4 feet. 9. 3 Horizontal piping. 9. 3. 1 Supports. Horizontal piping shall be supported at sufficiently close intervals to keep it in alinement and prevent sagging. 9. 3.2 Cast-iron soil pipe. Cast-iron soil pipe shall be supported at not more than 10 foot intervals, and closer if required to prevent sagging at joints. 9. 3. 3 Screwed pipe. Screwed pipe shall be supported at approximately 12-foot intervals. 9.3.4 Copper tubing. Copper tubing shall be supported at approxi- mately 6-foot intervals for piping 1-1/2 inches and smaller and 10-foot intervals for piping 2 inches and larger. 9. 3.5 Lead pipe. Lead pipe shall be supported by strips and other- wise for its entire length. 9. 3. 6 In ground. Piping in the ground shall be laid on a firm bed for its entire length, except where support is otherwise provided which is adequate in the judgment of the Plumbing Inspector. 9.4 Hangers and anchors. 9.4. 1 Material. Hangers and anchors shall be of metal of sufficient strength to maintain their proportional share of the pipe alinements and prevent rattling. No hangers made of wood, rope, twine or chain shall be permitted. Wire hangers shall be at least 9 gauge wire and may be used on pipes of 2" nominal internal diameter and smaller. Perforated extension bar or hanger iron shall be of at least 16 gauge stock, 3/4" wide. 9.4. 2 Attachment. Hangers and anchors shall be securely attached to the building construction. 9. 5 Strains and stresses. 9.5. 1 Installation of pipe. Piping in a plumbing system shall be so installed as to prevent undue strains and stresses. 9. 5. 2 Expansion and contraction. Provision shall be made for expan- sion and contraction of piping and for structural settlement that may affect the piping. 9. 5.3 Piping in concrete. Piping in concrete or masonry walls or fittings shall be placed or installed in chases or recesses which will permit access to the piping for repair or replacement. 9. 6 Base of stacks. 9. 6. 1 Su,�ports. Bases of cast-iron soil stacks shall be supported on concrete, brick laid in cement mortar, metal brackets attached to the building construction, or by other methods approved by the Plumbing Inspector. 9. 6. 2 Piping material. Other piping material shall be so anchored as to take the load off the stack at the base. -34- AML flood level rim of the receiving fixture to provide the required air gap, and shall be installed in accordance with other applicable sections of this code; 10. 4. 3 By providing a break (air gap) in the drain connection on the Inlet side of the trap serving the fixture, device, appliance, or apparatus. 10. 5 Receptors. 10. 5. 1 Installation. Waste receptors serving indirect pipes shall not be installed in any toilet room, nor in any inaccessible or unventilated space such as a closet or storeroom. 10. 5. 2 Cleanout location. If the indirect waste receptor is set below floor level, it shall be equipped with a running trap set adjacent to the sink with cleanout brought level with the floor. 10. 5. 3 Strainers and baskets. Every indirect waste receptor shall be equipped either with a readily removable metal basket over which all in- direct waste pipe shall discharge, or the indirect waste receptor outlet shall be equipped with a beehive strainer not less than 4 inches in height. 10. 5.4 Splashing. All plumbing receptors receiving the discharge of indirect waste pipes, shall be of such shape and capacity as to prevent splash- ing or flooding. No plumbing fixture which is used for domestic or culinary purposes shall be used to receive the discharge of an indirect waste pipe. 10. 6 Clear water wastes. 10. 6. 1 Waste lifts, expansion tanks, cooling jackets, sprinkler systems, drip or overflow pans, or similar devices which waste clear water only may discharge into a roof or into the building drainage system through an indirect waste. 10. 7 Condensers and sumps. 10. 7. 1 No steam pipe shall connect to any part of a drainage or plumb- ing system, nor shall any water above 1400 be discharged into any part of a drainage system. Such pipes may be indirectly connected by discharging into an interceptor or into the drainage system. 10. 8 Drinking fountains. 10. 8. 1 Drinking fountains with indirect wastes are prohibited in new construction. 10. 9 Special wastes. 10. 9. 1 Acid waste. Acid and chemical indirect waste pipes shall be of materials unaffected by the discharge of such wastes. 10.9. 2 Neutralizing device. In no case shall corrosive liquids, spent acids, or other harmful chemicals which might destroy or injure a drain, sewer, soil, or waste pipe, or which might create noxious or toxic fumes, dis- charge into the plumbing system without being thoroughly diluted or neutralized by passing through a properly constructed and acceptable dilution or neutral- izing device. Such device shall be automatically provided with a sufficient intake of diluting water or neutralizing medium, so as to make its contents noninjurious before being discharged into the soil or sewage system. 10. 10 _Swimming pools. 10. 10. 1 Piping carrying waste water from swimming or wading pools Including pool drainage, back wash from filters, or water from scum gutter -36- drains or floor drains which serve walks around pools, shall be installed as an indirect waste pipe utilizing any existing circulation pump, if necessary, when indirect waste pipe is below the sewer grade. CHAPTER 11 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION 11. 1 Quality of water supply. 11. 1. 1 Potable water. Potable water is water which is satisfactory for drinking, culinary, and domestic purposes, and meets the requirements of the Plumbing Inspector. 11. 1. 2 Acceptable sources. Where a public supply of potable water is not available requirements satisfactory to the Plumbing Inspector shall be observed. 11. 1. 3 Nonpotable water. Nonpotable water may be used for flushing water closets and urinals and other fixtures not requiring potable water, pro- vided such water shall not be accessible for drinking or culinary purposes. 11. 2 Color code. 11. 2. 1 Identification of piping_ All piping conveying nonpotable water shall be adequately and durably identified by a distinctive yellow-colored paint so that it is readily distinguished from piping carrying potable water. 11. 3 Water supply mandatory. 11. 3. 1 Every building in which plumbing fixtures are installed and are for human occupancy or habitation shall be provided with an ample supply of pure and wholesome water. 11. 4 Protection of potable water supply. 11.4. 1 Cross-connections. Potable water-supply piping, water dis- charge outlets, backflow prevention devices, or similar equipment shall not be so located as to make possible their submergence in any contaminated or polluted liquid or substance. Devices installed in a potable water-supply system for protection against backflow shall be maintained in good working condition by the person or persons having control of such devices. The Plumbing Inspector may inspect such devices and if found to be ineffective or inoperative shall require the repair or replacement thereof. 11. 4. 2 Backflow. The water-distributing system shall be protected against backflow. Every water outlet shall be protected from backflow, pre- ferably by having the outlet end from which the water flows spaced a distance above the flood-level rim of the receptacle into which the water flows sufficient to provide a "minimum required air gap". Where it is not possible to provide a minimum air gap, the water outlet shall be equipped with an accessibly lo- cated backflow preventer installed on the discharge side of the manual control valve. 11.4.3 Special devices. Where it is not possible to provide either a minimum air gap or a backflow preventer, as may be the case in connection -37- with cooling jackets, condensers or other industrial or special appliances, the Plumbing Inspector shall require other approved means of protection. 11. 5 Vacuum breakers and air gaps. 11. 5. 1 Flushometer. Flushometer shall be equipped with an approved vacuum breaker. The vacuum breaker shall be installed on the discharge side of the flushing valve with the critical level at least 4 inches above the over- flow rim of the bowl. 11. 5. 2 Flushing tanks. Flushing tanks shall be equipped with an ap- proved ball-cock. The ball-cock shall be installed with the critical level of the vacuum breaker at least 1 inch above the full opening of the overflow pipe. In cases where the ball-cock has no hush tube, the bottom of the water supply inlet shall be installed 1 inch above the full opening of the overflow pipe. 11. 5. 3 Trough urinals. Trough urinals shall be equipped with a vacuum breaker installed on the discharge side of the last valve and not less than 30 inches above the spray pipe. 11. 5.4 Lawn sprinklers. Lawn-sprinkler systems shall be equipped with a backflow preventer on the discharge side of each of the last valves. The backflow preventer shall be at least 6 inches above the highest head, and at no time less than 6 inches above the surrounding ground. Where combination control valves and backflow preventers are installed, the bottom of the valve shall constitute the bottom of the backflow preventer. 11. 5. 5 Valve outlet. Fixtures with hose attachments shall be pro- tected by a backflow preventer installed 6 inches above the highest point of usage and on the discharge side of the valve. 11. 6 Water-service pipe. 11. 6. 1 Except as permitted in paragraph 11. 6. 2, the underground water- service pipe and the building drain or building sewer shall be not less than 10 feet apart horizontally and shall be so separated by undisturbed or compacted earth. 11. 6. 2 The water-service pipe may be placed in the same trench with the building drain and building sewer provided the following conditions are met: The bottom of the water-service pipe, at all points, shall be at least 12 inches above the top of the sewer line at its highest point. The water-service pipe shall be placed on a solid shelf excavated at one side of the common trench. The number of joints in the service pipe shall be kept at a minimum. The materials and joints of sewer and water-service pipe shall be in- stalled in such manner and shall possess the necessary strength and durability to prevent the escape of solids, liquids, and gases, therefrom, under all known adverse conditions such as corrosion, strains due to temperature changes, settlement, vibrations, and superimposed loads. 11. 6.3 Stop-and-waste valve combination. Combination stop-and- waste valves and cocks shall not be installed in an underground service pipe. 11. 6.4 Private water supply. No private water supply shall be inter- connected with any public water supply without the specific approval of the -38- Plumbin g Inspector. 11. 7 Water pumping and storage equipment. .11. 7. 1 Pumps and other appliances. Water pumps, tanks, filters, softeners, and all other appliances and devices shall be protected against contamination 11. 7. 2 Water-supply tanks. Potable-water-supply tanks shall be properly covered to prevent the entrance of foreign material or insects into the water supply. Soil or waste lines shall not pass directly over such tanks. 11. 7.3 Pressure tanks, boilers, and relief valves. The drains from pressure tanks, boiler, relief valves, and similar equipment shall be con- nected to the drainage system through an indirect waste. 11. 7.4 Cleaning, painting, repairing water tanks. A Potable-water- supply tank used for domestic purposes shall not be lined, painted, or re- paired with any material which will affect either the taste or the potability of the water supply when the tank is returned to service. Tanks shall be discon- nected from the system during such operations, to prevent any foreign fluid or substance from entering the distribution piping. 11. 8 Water-supply tanks (house-suction booster). 11. 8. 1 When required. When the water pressure from the city mains during flow is insufficient to supply all fixtures freely and continuously, the rate of supply shall be supplemented by a gravity house tank or booster system. 11. 8. 2 Support. All water-supply tanks shall be supported in accord- ance with the building code. 11. 8. 3 Overflow pipes for water-supply tanks. Overflow pipes for gravity tanks shall discharge above and within 6 inches of a roof or catch basin., or they shall discharge over an open, water-supplied sink. Adequate overflow pipes properly screened against the entrance of insects and vermin shall be provided. 11. 8.4 Tank supply. The water-supply inlet within the tank shall be at an elevation not less than is required for an air gap in an open tank with overflow, but in no case shall the elevation be less than 4 inches above the overflow. 11. 8.5 Drains. Water supply tanks shall be provided with valved drain lines located at their lowest point and discharged as an indirect waste or as required for overflow pipes in paragraph 11.4. 3. 11. 8. 6 Size of overflow. Overflow drains for water supply tanks shall not be less than the following; Drain pipe Tank capacity Drain pipe Tank capacity (inches) (gallons) (inches) (gallons) 1 . . . . . . . . . . . Up to 750 2-1/2 . . . . . . . . . . 3, 001 to 5, 000 1-1/2 . . . . . . . 751 to 1 ,500 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 001 to 7, 500 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 1 , 501 to 3, 000 4 see . 9 . . . & . . . . . Over 7, 500 r -39- 1 Each drain line shall be equipped with a quick-opening valve of the same diameter as the pipe. 11. 8.7 Gravity and suction tanks. Tanks used for domestic water supply, combined supply to fire standpipes and domestic water system, or to supply standpipes for fire-fighting equipment only, shall be equipped with tight covers which are vermin and rodent proof. Such tanks shall be vented with a return bend vent pipe having an area not lass than one-half the area of the down feed riser and the vent opening shall be covered with a metallic screen of not less than 100 mesh. 11. 8. 8 Pressure tanks. Pressure tanks used for supplying water to the domestic water distribution system, combined supply to fire stand-pipes and domestic water system, or to supply standpipes for fire equipment only, shall be equipped with a vacuum-breaking device located on the top of the tank. The air inlet of this device shall be covered with a metallic screen of not less than 100 mesh. 11. 9 Disinfection of potable water system piping. 11. 9. 1 The administrative authority having Jurisdiction shall require when necessary that the potable-water system or any part thereof installed or repaired be disinfected in accordance with one of the following methods before it is placed in operation. 11. 9. 2 The system, or part thereof, shall be filled with a solution containing 50 parts per million of available chlorine and allowed to stand 6 hours before flushing and returning to service. 11. 9.3 The system, or part thereof, shall be filled with a solution containing 100 parts per million of available chlorine and allowed to stand 2 hours before flushing and returning to service. 11. 9.4 In the case of potable-water storage tank where it is not possible to disinfect as provided in paragraphs 11. 9. 2 and 11. 9. 3 the entire interior of the tank shall be swabbed with a solution containing 200 parts per million of available chlorine and the solution allowed to stand 2 hours before flushing and returning to service. 11. 9.5 In the case of potable-water filters or similar devices, the dosage shall be determined by the administrative authority. 11. 10. Water-distribution pipe, tubing and fittings. 11. 10. 1 Materials for water-distributing pipes and tubing shall be brass, copper, lead, cast iron, wrought iron, open-hearth iron, or steel, with appropriate approved fittings. All threaded ferrous pipe and fittings shall be galvanized (zinc-coated) or cement lined. When used under-ground in corrosive soil, all ferrous pipe and fittings shall be coal-tar enamel coated and the threaded joints shall be coated and wrapped after installation. 11. 11 Allowance for character of water. 11. 11. 1 Selection of materials. When selecting the material and size for water-supply pipe, tubing, or fittings, due consideration shall be given to the action of the water on the interior and of the soil, fill, or other material on the exterior of the pipe. No material that would produce toxic conditions in a potable-water-supply system shall be used for piping, tubing, or fittings. -40- 11. 11. 2 Used piping. No piping material that has been used for other than a potable-water-supply system shall be reused in the potable-water-supply system. 11. 12 Water-supply control. 11. 12. 1 Water-supply control. A main shut-off valve on the water- service pipe shall be provided on the property being served and near the property line and, an accessible shut-off valve with a drip valve shall be provided in- side near the entrance of the water-service pipe into the building. 11. 12. 2 Tank controls. Supply lines taken from pressure or gravity tanks shall be valved at or near their source. 11. 12. 3 Separate controls for each family unit. In two-family or multiple dwellings, each family unit shall be controlled by an arrangement of shut-off valves which permit each group of fixtures or the individual fixtures to be shut off without interference with the water supply to any other family unit or other portion of the building. 11. 12.4 Group fixtures. A group of fixtures means two or more fixtures adjacent or near each other. In a one-family house one or two bathrooms ad- jacent or one over the other may be considered a group. 11. 12. 5 Buildings other than dwellings. In all buildings other than dwellings shut-off valves shall be installed, which permit the water supply to all equipment in each separate room to be shut off without interference with the water supply to any other room or portion of the building. 11. 12. 6 Water heating equipment. A shut-off valve shall be provided in the cold-water branch line to each water-storage tank or each water heater. 11. 12. 7 Shut-off valve at meter. ' The shut-off valve at the supply side of the water meter shall be not less in size than the size of the building water service. 11. 12. 8 All valves used in water supply systems shall be designed for a working pressure of 125 psi. All water supply control valves shall be as large as the pipe on which it is installed. No valves with reducing outlets shall be used. 11. 13 Water-supply distribution. 11. 13. 1 _Water-service pipe. The water-service pipe from the street main to the water-distribution system for the building shall be of sufficient size to furnish an adequate flow of water to meet the requirements of the building at peak demand, and in no case be less than 3/4 inch nominal diameter. If flushometers or other devices requiring a high rate of water flow are used, the water-service pipe shall be designed to supply this flow. 11. 13. 2 Demand load. The demand load in the building water-supply system shall be based on the number and kind of fixtures installed and the probable simultaneous use of these fixtures. 11. 14 Procedure in sizing the water distribution system of a building 11. 14. 1 The sizing of the water distribution system shall conform to good engineering practice. Design factors used to determine pipe sizes shall be adequate in the judgment of the Plumbing Inspector. In all cases a 3/4" or larger cold water supply shall be provided for the water heater. If a water -41- softener is used the connections thereto shall not be smaller than the line on which the softener is connected. 11. 14. 2 Size of fixture supply. The minimum size of a fixture supply pipe shall be as follows: Pipe size Type of fixture or device: (inch) Bathtubs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 Combination sink and tray. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 Drinking fountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/8 Dishwasher or clotheswasher (domestic). . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 Kitchen sink, residential . . 0 . . 6 6 . . . . . 0 . . . . . 0 0 . 0 . 0 1/2 Kitchen sink, commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/4 Lavatory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/8 Laundry tray, 1 , 2, or 3 compartments . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 Shower (single head) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 Sinks (service, slop) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 Sinks, flushing rim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/4 Urinal (flush tank) . . . . . . . 0 . . . 0 . . . . . 0 . . . 9 . . . 0 0 . 0 1/2 Urinal (direct flush valve) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/4 Water closet (tank type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/8 Water closet (flush valve type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Hose bibbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2 Wall hydrant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00 1/2 For fixtures not listed, the minimum supply branch may be made the same as for a comparable fixture. 11. 14. 3 Minimum pressure. Minimum, fairly constant, service Pressure, at the point of outlet discharge shall be not less than 8 pounds per square inch for all fixtures except for direct flush-valves, for which it shall be not less than 15 pounds per square inch, and except where special equipment is used requiring higher pressures. In determining the minimum pressure, allowance shall be made for the pressure drop due to friction loss in the piping system during maximum demand periods as well as head, meter, and other losses irk the system. 11. 14. 4 Auxiliary pressure--Supplementary tank. If the residual pressure in the system is below the allowable minimum at the highest water outlet when the flow in the system is at peak demand, an automatically con- trolled pressure tank or gravity tank shall be installed, of sufficient capacity to supply sections of the building which are too high to be supplied directly from the public water main. 11. 14. 5 Low pressure cut-off. Vvhen a booster pump is used on an auxiliary pressure system and the possibility exists that a pressure of 5 pounds per square inch or less may occur on the suction side of the pump, there shall be installed a low-pressure cut-off on the booster pump to prevent the creation of negative pressures on the suction side of the water system. Other arrange- ments may be used if found adequate and if approved as such by the Plumbing -42- Inspector. 11. 14. 6 Variable street pressures. When the street main has a wide fluctuation in pressure during the day, the water distribution system shall be designed for minimum pressure available. 11. 14. 7 Hazard and noise. Where water pressures are excessive, air chambers or other approved mechanical devices shall be provided to reduce water hammer or line noises to such an extent that no pressure hazard to the piping system will exist. 11. 15 Hot-water distribution. 11. 15. 1 Hot-water distribution piping. The sizing of the hot-water distribution piping shall conform to good engineering practice. 11. 16 _Safety devices. 11. 16. 1 Pressure-relief valve. Pressure-relief valves shall be in- stalled for all equipment used for heating or storage of hot water. The rate of discharge of such a valve shall limit the pressure rise for any given heat input to 10 percent of the pressure at which the valve is set to open. 11. 16. 2 Temperature-relief valves. Temperature-relief valves shall be installed for all equipment used for the heating or storage of hot water. Each valve .shall be marked as to its B. T. U. capacity. At 2100F. , it shall be capable of discharging sufficient hot water to prevent any further rise in temp- erature. 11. 16. 3 Approvals. Combination pressure and temperature-relief valves or separate pressure and temperature-relief valves shall be approved by the Plumbing Inspector. 11. 16. 4 Relief-valve location. Temperature-relief valves shall be placed directly above tanks served and in no case more than 3 inches away from such tanks. Pressure-relief valves may be located adjacent to the equip- ment they serve. There shall be no check valve or shut-off valve between a relief valve and the heater or tank for which it is installed. 11. 16. 5 Relief outlet wastes. The outlet of a pressure, temperature, or other relief valve shall not be connected to the drainage system as a direct waste. 11. 16. 6 Pressure marking of storage tank. Any storage tank hereafter installed for domestic hot water shall have clearly and indelibly stamped in the metal, or so marked upon a plate welded thereto or otherwise permanently attached, the maximum allowable working pressure. Such markings shall be Placed in an accessible position on the outside of the tank so as to make in- spection or reinspection readily possible. 11. 17 Miscellaneous. 11. 17. 1 Drain cock. All storage tanks shall be equipped with adequate drain cocks. 11. 17. 2 Line valves. Valves in the water-supply distribution system, except those immediately controlling one fixture supply, when fully opened shall have a cross-sectional area of the smallest orifice or opening through which the water flows at least equal to the cross-sectional area of the nominal size of the pipe in which the valve is installed. -43- 11. 17. 3 Water used for processing. Water used for cooling of equip- ment or similar purposes shall not be returned to the potable-water distributing system. When discharged to the building drainage system, the waste water shall be discharged through an indirect waste pipe or air gap. CHAPTER 12 DRAINAGE SYSTEM 12. 1 Materials. 12. 1. 1 General. Pipe,tubing, and fittings for drainage systems shall comply with the provisions in chapter 4. 12. 2 Building sewer. 12. 2. 1 Separate trenches. The building sewer, when installed in a separate trench from the water-service pipe, shall be cast-iron sewer pipe or vitrified-clay sewer pipe. joints shall be watertight and rootproof. 12. 2. 2 One trench. The building sewer, when installed in the same trench with the water-service pipe shall be constructed of durable materials which are corrosion-resistant and shall be so installed as to remain watertight and be rootproof. The building sewer shall be tested with a 10-foot head of water or equivalent and found to be tight. 12. 2.3 Sewer in filled ground. A building sewer or building drain in- stalled in filled or unstable ground shall be of cast-iron pipe, except that nonmetallic drains may be laid upon an approved concrete pad if installed in accordance with paragraph 12. 2. 1. 12. 2.4 Sanitary and storm sewers. Where separate systems of sani- tary drainage and storm drainage are installed in the same property, the sanitary and storm building sewers or drains may be laid side by side, in one trench. 12. 2. 5 Old house sewers and drains. Old house sewers and house drains may be used in connection with new buildings or new plumbing and drainage work only when they are found, on examination and test to conform in all respects to the requirements governing new house sewers, and the Plumbing Inspector shall notify the owner to make the changes necessary to conform to this code. 12. 3 Drainage piping installation. 12. 3. 1 Horizontal drainage piping. Horizontal drainage piping shall be installed at a uniform slope but at slopes not less than permitted in para- graphs 12. 3. 2, 12. 3.3 and 12.3.4. 12. 3. 2 Small piping. Horizontal drainage piping of 3-inch diameter and less shall be installed with a fall of not less than one-quarter inch per foot. 12. 3. 3 Large piping. Horizontal drainage piping of larger than 3-inch diameter shall be installed with a fall of not less than one-eighth inch per foot. 12. 3.4 Minimum velocity. Where conditions do not permit building drains and sewers to be laid with a fall as great as that specified, then a lesser slope may be permitted provided the computed velocity will be not less than 2 fps. -44- 12. 4 Fixture units. 12. 4. 1 Values for fixtures. Fbruture-unit values as given in table 12. 4. 2 designate the relative load weight of different kinds of fixtures which shall be employed in estimating the total load carried by a soil or waste pipe and shall be used in connection with the tables of sizes for soil, waste, and drain pipes for which the permissible load is given in terms of fixture units. Table 12. 4. 2 Fixture units per fixture or group. Fixture unit Minimum size Fixture type value as of trap load factors inches 1 bathroom group consisting of water closet, Tank water lavatory, and bath tub or shower stall. closet. . 6 Flush-valve water closet 8 Bathtub *1 (with or without overhead shower 2 1-1/2 Bathtub *1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Bidet . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Nominal. . 1-1/2 Clotheswasher, automatic, domestic . .. . . . 4 2 Combination sink and tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1-1/2 Combination sink and tray with food dis- Separate posal unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 traps 1-1/2 Dental unit or cuspidor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1-1/4 Dental lavatory . . . . 0009 . . . . . . 000 . . . . . . . 1 ' 1-1/4 Drinking fountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2.1 1 Dishwasher, *2 domestic . . . . 0 . . 0 0 0 . . . 0 . 2 '! 1-1/2 Floor drains *3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2 Kitchen sink, domestic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2'1 1-1/2 Kitchen sink, with food-disposal unit . . . . 3 .. 1-1/2 Lavatory *4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 1 Small P. O. 1-1/4 Do . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ; Large P. O. 1-1/2 Lavatory, barber, beauty parlor . . . . . . . . . 2 1-1/2 Lavatory, surgeon's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ' 1-1/2 Laundry tray (1 or 2 compartment) . . . . . . . . 2 " 1-1/2 Shower stall, domestic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 Showers (group) per head *2 . . . . . . . . . .. . . 3 Sinks: Surgeon's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ! 1-1/2 Flushing rim (with valve) . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ; 3 Service (Trap standard) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 Service (P trap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 Pot, scullery, etc. *2 , 4 1-1/2 Urinal, pedestal, syphon jet, blowout 0000 8 Nominal . . 3 Urinal wall lip . -45- Table 12. 4.2 (continued) Fixture unit Minimum size r' Fixtur a type value as of trap load factors (inches) Urinal stall, washout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 Urinal trough *2 (each 2-foot section) . . . . 2 1-1/2 Wash sink *2 (circular or multiple), each set of faucets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Nominal . . 1-1/2 Water closet: Tank-operated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Nominal . . 3 Valve-operated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8 3 *1 A shower head over a bathtub does not increase the fixture value. *2 See pars. 12.4.3 and 12. 4.4 for method of computing unit value of fixtures not listed in table 12.4. 2 or for rating of devices with intermittent flows. *3 Size of floor drain shall be determined by the area of surface to be drained. *4 Lavatories with 1-1/4 or 1-1/2 inch traps have the same load value; larger P. O. plugs have greater flow rate. 12. 4. 3 Fixtures not listed in table 12.4. 2 shall be estimated in accord- ance with table 12. 4. 3. TABLE 12. 4. 3 Fixture drain or Fixture Fixture drain or Fixture trap size unit value trap size unit value 1-1/4 inches and smaller 1 1-1/2 inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 inches . . . . . . . . . 5 2 inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 inches . . . . . . . . . 6 12. 4.4 Values for continuous flow. For a continuous or semicontinuous fiuw into a drainage system, such as from a pump, pump ejector, air-conditioning equipment, or similar device, two fixture units shall be allowed for each gallon- per-minute of flow. 12. 5 Determination of sizes for the drainage system. 12. 5. 1 Maximum fixture-unit load. The maximum number of fixture units that may be connected to a given size of building sewer, building drain, hori- zontal branch, or vertical soil or waste stack is given in tables 12. 5. 2 and 12. 5. 3. -46- TABLE 12. 5. 2 BUILDING DRAINS AND SEWERS Maximum number of fixture units that may be Diameter of pipe connected to any portion *1 of the build- (inches) ing drain or the building sewer Fall per foot 1/16-inch 1/8-inch 1/4-inch 1/2-inch 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 26 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 *2 27 *2 36 *2 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 216 250 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 480 575 6 . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 840 11000 ' 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,400 1, 600 1,920 2,300 10 . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 2,500 2,900 3, 500 4, 200 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,900 4, 600 5, 600 6,700 *1 Includes branches of the building drain. *2 Not over 2 water closets. TABLE 12.5. 3 HORIZONTAL FIXTURE BRANCHES AND STACKS Maximum number of fixture units that may be connected to --- Diameter of pipe 1 stack of More than 3 stories (inches) Any horizon- 3 stories in height tal *1 in height Total Total at 1 fixture or 3 for story or branch intervals stack branch interval 1-1/4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 2 1 1-1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 8 2 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 10 24 6 3 • • • • • • • • • . • . . . . . 20 *2 30 *3 60 *3 16 *2 4 • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . 160 240 500 90 5 • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . 360 540 1, 100 200 6 • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . 620 960 1, 900 350 8 • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . 1,400 2, 200 3, 600 600 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,500 3,800 5, 600 11000 12 • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . 3,900 6,000 8,400 11500 *1 Does not include branches of the building drain. *2 Not over 2 water closets. *3 Not over 6 water closets. -47- 12. 5.4 Minimum size of soil and waste stacks. No soil or waste stack shall be smaller than the largest horizontal branch connected thereto. 12. 5. 5 Minimum size of stack-vent or vent stack. Any structure on which a building drain is installedshall have at least one stack-vent or vent stack carried full size through the roof not less than 3 inches in diameter or the size of the building drain, whichever is the lesser. 12. 5. 6 Future fixtures. When provision is made for the future installation of fixtures those provided for shall be considered in determining the required sizes of drain pipes. Construction to provide for such future installation shall be terminated with a plugged fitting or fittings at the stack so as to form no dead end. 12. 5. 7 Underground drainage piping. No portion of the drainage system installed underground or below a basement or cellar shall be less than 2 inches in diameter. 12. 6 Offsets on drainage piping. 12. 6. 1 Offsets of 450 or less. An offset in a vertical stack, with a change of direction of 45 or less from the vertical, may be sized as a straight vertical stack. In case a horizontal branch connects to the stack within 2 feet above or below the offset, a relief vent shall be installed in accordance with paragraph 13. 17. 3. 12. 6. 2 Waste stacks serving kitchen sinks. In a one-or two-family dwelling only in which the waste stack or vent receives the discharge of a kitchen- type sink and also serves as a vent for fixtures connected to the horizontal portion of the branch served by the waste stack, the minimum size of the waste stack up to the highest sink branch connection shall be 2 inches in diameter. Above that point the size of the stack shall be governed by the total number of fixture units vented by the stack. 12. 6. 3 Above highest branch. An offset above the highest horizontal branch is an offset in the stack-vent and shall be considered only as it affects the developed length of the vent. 12. 6.4 Below lowest branch. In the case of an offset in a soil or waste stack below the lowest horizontal branch, no change in diameter of the stack because of the offset shall be required if it is made at an angle not greater than 450. If such an offset is made at an angle greater than 450, the required diameter of the offset and the stack below it shall be determined as for a building drain. 12. 6. 5 Offsets of more than 450. A stack with an offset of more than 450 from the vertical shall be sized as follows: The portion of the stack above the offset shall be sized as for a regular stack based on the total number of fixture units above the offset. The upper portion of the stack above the offset shall be sized as for a building drain. The portion of the stack below the offset shall be sized as for the offset or based on the total number of fixture units on the entire stack, whichever is the larger. A relief vent for the offset shall be installed as provided in chapter 12 and in no case shall the horizontal branch connect to the stack within 2 feet above or below the offset. -48- 12. 7 Sumps and ejectors. 12. 7. 1 Building drains below sewer. Building drains which cannot be discharged to the sewer by gravity flow shall be discharged into a tightly covered and vented sump from which the liquid shall be lifted and discharged into the building gravity drainage system by automatic pumping equipment or by any' equally efficient method approved by the Plumbing Inspector. 12. 7. 2 Storage period. The storage of drainage in a sump or ejector shall not exceed a period of 12 hours. 12. 7. 3 Design. Sump and pumping equipment shall be so designed as to discharge all contents accumulated in the sump during the cycle of emptying operation. 12. 7.4 Venting. The system of drainage piping below the sewer level shall be installed and vented, in a manner similar to that of the gravity system. 12. 7. 5 Duplex equipment. Sumps receiving the discharge of more than six water closets shall be provided with duplex pumping equipment. 12. 7. 6 Vent sizes. Building sump vents shall be sized in accordance with table 13. 20. 5 but shall in no case be sized less than 1-1/2 inches. 12. 7.7 Separate vents. Vents from pneumatic ejectors or similar equipment shall be carried separately to the open air as a vent terminal. 12. 7. 8 Connections. No direct connection of a steam exhaust, blow- off, or drip pipe shall be made with the building drainage system. Waste water when discharged into the building drainage system shall be at a temperature not higher than 1400F. When higher temperature exists, proper cooling methods shall be provided. 12. 8 Floor drains. 12. 8. 1 Accessibility. Floor drains shall connect into a trap so con- structed that it can be readily cleaned and of a size to serve efficiently the purpose for which it is intended. The drain inlet shall be so located that it is, at all times, in full view. 12. 8. 2 Connections. Floor drains subject to backflow shall not be directly connected to the drainage system. 12. 8.3 Provision for evaporation. Floor-drain trap seals subject to evaporation shall be of the deep-seal type or shall be fed from an approved plumbing fixture or by means of an approved automatic priming device designed and approved for that purpose. 12. 8.4 Size. Floor-drain traps and drains, installed below a basement floor or underground, shall be not less than 2 inches in diameter. 12. 8. 5 Bell traps. Bell traps are prohibited. 12. 9 Frost protection. 12. 9. 1 No soil or waste pipes shall be installed or permitted outside of a building, or concealed in outside walls or in any place where they may be subjected to freezing temperatures, unless adequate provision is made to pro- tect them from frost. 12. 10 Waste lines material shall extend to a point 6" above the flood line of the fixture it serves. -49- CHAPTER 13 VENTS AND VENTING 13. 1 Materials. 13. 1. 1 Vents. Pipe, tubing, and fittings for the vent piping system shall comply with the provisions in chapter 4. 13. 2 Protection of trap seals. 13. 2. 1 Traps protected. The protection of trap seals from siphonage or back pressure shall be accomplished by the appropriate use of soil or waste stacks, vents, revents, back vents, loop vents, circuit or continuous vents, or combinations thereof, installed in accordance with the requirements of this chapter. 13. 3 Vent stacks. 13. 3. 1 Installation. A vent stack or a main vent shall be installed with a soil or waste stack whenever back vents, relief vents, or other branch vents are required in two or more branch intervals. 13. 3. 2 Terminal. The vent stack shall terminate independently above the roof of the building or shall be connected with the extension of the soil or waste stack (stack-vent) at least 6 inches above the flood-level rim of the highest fixture. 13. 3. 3 Main stack. Every building in which plumbing is installed shall have at least one main stack not less than 3" in diameter, which shall run to the open air above the roof. 13. 4 Vent terminals. 13. 4. 1 Roof extension. Extensions of vent pipes through a roof shall be terminated at least 6 inches above it. 13, 4. 2 Roof garden. Where a roof is to be used for any purpose other than weataer protection, the vent extensions shall be run at least 5 feet above the roof. 13. 4.3 Flashings. Each vent terminal shall be made watertight with the roof by proper flashing. 13. 4.4 Flag poling. Vent terminals shall not be used for the purpose of flag poling, TV aerials, or similar purposes, except when the piping has been anchored to the construction and approved as safe by the Plumbing Inspector. 13. 4. 5 Location of vent terminal. No vent terminal from a drainage system shall be directly beneath any door, window, or other ventilating opening of the building or of an adjacent building nor shall any such vent terminal be within 10 feet horizontally of such an opening unless it is at least 2 feet above the top of such opening. 13. 4. 6 Extensions through wall. Vent terminals extending through a wall, when permitted by the Plumbing Inspector shall be at least 10 feet hori- zontally from any lot line. They shall be turned to provide an opening down- ward. They shall be effectively screened and shall meet the requirements of paragraph 13. 4.5. Vent terminals shall not terminate under the overhang of the building. -50- 13. 4. 7 Extensions outside building_. No soil, waste, or vent pipe extension shall be run or placed on the outside of a wall of any building, but shall be carried up inside the building. 13. 5 Vent grades and connections. R 13. 5. 1 Grade. All vent and branch-vent pipes shall be so graded and connected as to drip back to the soil or waste pipe by gravity. 13. 5. 2 Vertical rise. Where vent pipes connect to a horizontal soil or waste pipe, the vent shall be taken off above the center line of the soil pipe, and the vent pipe shall rise vertically, or at an angle not more than 45 from the vertical, to a point at least 6 inches above the flood-level rim of the fixture it is venting before offsetting horizontally or before connecting to the branch vent. 13. 5. 3 Height above fixture. A connection between a vent pipe and a vent stack or stack-vent shall be made at least 6 inches above the flood-level rim of the highest fixtures served by the vent. Horizontal vent pipes forming branch vents, relief vents, or loop vents shall be at least 6 inches above the flood-level rim of the highest fixture served. 13. 5.4 Side inlet. Side-inlet closet bends are permitted only in cases where the fixture connecting thereto is vented and in no case shall the inlet be used to vent a bathroom group without being washed by a fixture. 13. 6 Bars and soda-fountain sinks. 13. 6. 1 Bar and fountain-sink traps. Traps serving sinks which are part of the equipment of bars, soda fountains, and counters need not be vented when the location and construction of such bars, soda fountains, and counters are such as to make it impossible so to do. When such conditions exist, such sinks shall discharge into a floor sink or hopper which is properly trapped and vented. 13. 6. 2 Sumps Sinks or sumps, receiving indirect waste, shall be located in a properly lighted and ventilated space. 13. 7 Fixtures back-to-back. 13. 7. 1 Distance. Two fixtures set back-to-back, within the distance allowed between a trap and its vent, may be served with one continuous soil or waste-vent pipe, provided that each fixture wastes separately into an approved double fitting having inlet openings at the same level. 13. 8 Fixture vents. 13. 8. 1 Distance of trap from vent. Each fixture trap shall have a pro- tecting vent so located that the slope and the developed length in the fixture drain from the trap weir to the vent fitting are within the requirements set forth in table 13. 8. 3. 13. 8. 2 Trap-seal protection. The plumbing system shall be provided with a system Of vent piping which will permit the admission or emission of air so that under normal and intended use the seal of any fixture trap shall not be subjected to a pressure differential of more than 1 inch of water. 13. 8.4 Trap dip. The vent pipe opening from a soil or waste pipe, except for water closets and similar fixtures, shall not be below the top weir of the trap. -51- 13. 8. 5 Crown vent. No back vent shall be installed within two pipe diameters of the trap weir. TABLE 13. 8. 3 DISTANCE OF FIXTURE TRAP FROM VENT Size of fixture drain Maximum Distance trap to (inches) slope, in. vent per foot Feet inches 1-1/4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4" 2 6 1-1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4" 3 6 2 1/4" 5 0 3 0 . 0 . 00 . . . . . . . . . 1/4" 6 0 4 . 9 . . 0 . . . . 0 . 0 . . . 1/4" 10 0 13. 9 Common vent. 13. 9. 1 Individual vent. An individual vent, installed vertically, may be used as a common vent for two fixture traps when both fixture drains connect with a vertical drain at the same level. 13. 9. 2 Common vent may be used for two fixtures set on the same floor level but connecting at different levels in the stack, provided the vertical drain is one pipe diameter larger than the upper fixture drain but in no case smaller than the lower fixture drain, whichever is the larger and that both drains con- form to table 13. 8. 3. 13. 10 Vents for fixture trap below trap dip. 13. 10. 1 Hydraulic gradient. Fixture drains shall be vented within the hydraulic gradient between the trap outlet and vent connection, but in no case shall the unvented drain exceed the distance provided for in table 13. 8. 3. 13. 10. 2 _Different levels. If any stack has fixtures entering at different levels, the fixtures other than the fixture entering at the highest level shall be vented, except as may be permitted in other sections of this chapter. 13. 11 Wet venting. 13. 11. 1 Single bathroom groups. A single bathroom group of fixtures may be installed with the drain from a back-vented lavatory, kitchen sink, or combination fixture serving as a wet vent for a bathtub or shower stall and for the water closet, provided that: (a) Not more than one fixture unit is drained into a 1-1/2-inch- diameter wet vent or not more than four fixture units drain into a 2-inch-diameter wet vent. (b) The horizontal branch connects to the stack at the same level as the water-closet drain or below the water-closet drain when installed on the top floor. It may also connect to the water- closet bend. -52- 0 13. 11. 2 Double bath. Bathroom groups back-to-back on top floor consisting of two lavatories and two bathtubs or shower stalls may be installed on the same horizontal branch with a common vent for the lavatories and with no back vent for the bathtubs or shower stalls and for the water closets, pro- vided the wet vent is 2 inches in diameter, and the length of the fixture drain conforms to table 13. 8. 3. 13. 11. 3 Multistory bathroom groups. On the lower floors of a multi- story building, the waste pipe from one or two lavatories may be used as a wet vent for one or two bathtubs or showers provided that: (a) The wet vent and its extension to the vent stack is 2 inches in diameter. (b) Each water closet below the top floor is individually back vented. (c) The vent stack is sized as given in table 13. 11. 3. 13. 11. 4 Exception. In multistory bathroom groups, wet vented in accord- ance with paragraph 13. 11 .3, the water closets below the top floor need not be individually vented if the 2-inch waste connects directly into the water-closet bend at a 450 angle to the horizontal portion of the bend in the direction of flow. 13. 12 Stack venting. 13. 12. 1 One-bathroom group. Except as indicated in paragraph 13. 12. 2, a group of fixtures, consisting of one bathroom group and a kitchen sink or combination fixture, may be installed without individual fixture vents, in a one-story building or on the top floor of a building, provided each fixture drain connects independently to the stack and the water closet and bathtub or shower- stall drain enters the stack at the same level and in accordance with the re- quirements in table 13. 8. 3. TABLE 13. 11. 3 SIZE OF VENT STACKS Diameter of Number of wet-vented fixtures vent stacks (inches) 1 or 2 bathtubs or showers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 to 5 bathtubs or showers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1/2 6 to 9 bathtubs or showers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 10 to 16 bathtubs or showers . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 13. 12. 2 Overtaxed sewers. When a sink or combination fixture con- nects to the stack-vented bathroom group, and when the street sewer is suf- ficiently overloaded to cause frequent submersion of the building sewer, a relief vent or back-vented fixture shall be connected to the stack below the stack- vented water closet or bathtub. 13. 13 Individual fixture reventing. -53- 13. 13. 1 Horizontal branches. One sink and one lavatory, or three lavatories within 8 feet developed length of a main-vented line may be installed on a 2-inch horizontal waste branch without reventing, provided the branch is not less than 2 inches in diameter throughout its length, and provided that the wastes are connected into the side of the branch leads to its stack connection with a slope of not more than one-fourth inch per foot. 13. 13. 2 Where required. When fixtures other than water closets dis- charge downstream from a water closet, each fixture connecting downstream shall be individually vented. 13. 13. 3 Limits of fixture units above bathtubs and water closets. A fixture or combination of fixtures whose total discharge rating is not more than three fixture units may discharge into a stack not less than 3 inches in diameter without reventing, provided such fixture connections are made above the con- nection to the highest water closet, or bathtub T-Y, the fixture-unit rating of the stack is not otherwise exceeded, and their waste piping is installed as otherwise required in paragraph 13. 13. 1. 13. 14. Circuit and loop venting. 13. 14. 1 Battery venting. A branch soil or waste pipe to which two but not more than eight water closets (except blow-out type), pedestal urinals, trap standard to floor, shower stalls, or floor drains are connected in battery, shall be vented by a circuit or loop vent which shall take off in front of the last fixture connection. In addition, lower-floor branches serving mcre than three water closets shall be provided with a relief vent taken off in front of the first fixture connection. When lavatories or similar fixtures discharge above such branch, each vertical branch shall be provided with a continuous vent. 13. 14. 2 Dual branches. When parallel horizontal branches serve a total of eight water closets (four on each branch), each branch shall be provided with a relief vent at a point between the two most distant water closets. When other fixtures (than water closets) discharge above the horizontal branch, each such fixture shall be vented. 13. 14. 3 Vent Connections. When the circuit, loop, or relief vent connections are taken off the horizontal branch, the vent branch connection shall be taken off at a vertical angle or from the top of the horizontal branch. 13. 14. 4 Fixtures back-to-back in battery. When fixtures are connected to one horizontal branch through a double Y or a sanitary T in a vertical position, a common vent for each two fixtures back-to-back or double connection shall be provided. The common vent shall be installed in a vertical position as a continuation of the double connection. 13. 15 Pneumatic ejectors. 13. 15. 1 Relief vents from a pneumatic ejector shall not be connected to a fixture-branch vent but shall be carried separately to a main vent or stack- vent or to the open air. 13. 16 Relief vents. 13. 16. 1 Stacks of more than 10 branch intervals. Soil and waste stacks in buildings having more than 10 branch intervals shall be provided with a relief vent at each tenth interval installed, beginning with the top floor. The -54- size of the relief vent shall be equal to the size of the vent stack to which it connects. The lower end of each relief vent shall connect to the soil or waste stack through a Y below the horizontal branch serving the floor and the upper end shall connect to the vent stack through a Y not less than 3 feet above the floor level. 13. 17 Offsets at an angle less than 450 from the horizontal in buildings of five or more stories. 13. 17. 1 Offset vents. Offset less than 450 from the horizontal, in a soil or waste stack, except as permitted in chapter 12, section 12. 6 shall comply with paragraphs 13. 17. 2 and 13. 17. 3. 13. 17. 2 Separate venting. Such offsets may be vented as two separate soil or waste stacks, namely, the stack section below the offset and the stack section above the offset. 13. 17. 3 Offset reliefs. Such offsets may be vented by installing a relief vent as a vertical continuation of the lower section of the stack or as a side vent connected to the lower section between the offset and the next lower fixture or horizontal branch. The upper section of the offset shall be provided with a yoke vent. The diameter of the vents shall be not less than the diameter of the main vent, or of the soil and waste stack, whichever is the smaller. 13. 18 Main vents to connect at base. 13. 18. 1 All main vents or vent stacks shall connect full size at their base to the building drain or to the main soil or waste pipe, at or below the lowest fixture branch. All vent pipes shall extend undiminished in size above the roof, or shall be reconnected with the main soil or waste vent. 13. 19 Vent headers. 13. 19. 1 Connections of vents. Stack-vents and vent stacks may be connected into a common vent header at the top of the stacks and then extended to the open air at one point. This header shall be sized in accordance with the requirements of table 13. 20. 5, the number of units being the sum of all units on all stacks connected thereto and the developed length being the longest vent length from the intersection at the base of the most distant stack to the vent terminal in the open air as a direct extension of one stack. 13. 20 Size and length of vents. 13. 20. 1 Length of vent stacks. The length of the vent stack or main vent shall be its developed length from the lowest connection of the vent system with the soil stack, waste stack, or building drain to the vent stack terminal, if it terminates separately in the open air, or to the connection of the vent stack with the stack-vent, plus the developed length of the stack-vent from the con- nection to the terminal in the open air, if the two vents are connected together with a single extension to the open air. 13. 20. 2 Size of individual vents. The diameter of an invidual vent shall be not less than 1-1/4 inches nor less than one-half the diameter of the drain to which it is connected, nor less than 2" for a water closet. 13. 20. 3 Size of relief vent. The diameter of a relief vent shall be not less than one-half the diameter of the soil or waste branch to which it is con- nected. -55- 13. 20. 4 Size of circuit or loop vent. The diameter of a circuit or loop vent shall be not less than one-half the size of the diameter of the horizontal soil or waste branch or the diameter of the vent stack, whichever is smaller. 13. 20. 5 Size of vent_piping. The size of vent piping shall be deter- mined from its length and the total of fixture units connected thereto, as pro- vided in table 13. 20.5. Twenty per cent of the total length may be installed in a horizontal position. (See following page for table 13. 20. 5). 13. 21 Future vent to be provided.A revent pipe of not less than 2" diameter shall be provided and same left at least 2" and not more than 4" below top of first floor joists. An appropriate cap shall be provided. CHAPTER 14 INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM 14. 1. 1 General. The individual sewage disposal system shall consist of a house sewer, a septic tank and an acceptable subsurface absorption system or a subsurface sand filter system. 14. 1. 2 Location and Installation. Location and installation of the sewage disposal system shall be such that, with reasonable maintenance, it will function in a sanitary manner and not create a nuisance, health hazard or endanger the safety of any domestic water supply. Consideration shall be given to the size and the shape of the lot, slope of natural and finished grade, depth of ground water, proximity of existing or future water supplies, and possible expansion of the system. The system shall not be located closer to any water supply than the minimum distance shown in Table 14. 1. 14. 1. 3 Water Table. Installations in low swampy areas, areas with a high water table (permanent, fluctuating or seasonal), areas with ledge rock, or areas which are subject to flooding are not acceptable. 14. 1. 4 Type of system. Type of system shall be determined on the basis of location, topography, soil permeability and ground water level. 14. 1. 5 System design. The system shall be designed to receive all sanitary sewage (bathroom, kitchen and laundry) from the dwelling. Footing or roof drainage shall not enter any part of the system. 14. 2 Materials. 14. 2. 1 General. Materials used in the construction of the septic tank and absorption field or bed shall be durable, new, sound and not subject to corrosion, and shall comply with the provisions of chapter 4 of this ordinance. 14. 3 Septic Tank. 14. 3. 1 Tank Design. Design shall provide adequate volume for settling, for sludge and scum storage and access for cleaning. The structural design and materials used shall be in accordance with generally accepted good en- gineering practice providing a sound durable tank which will safely sustain all dead and live loads and liquid and earth pressure involved in each case. -56- s • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • O O O O O O CD O • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • O O O O O O L!) Ln co • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • M N r-1 C7 0 Ln M N . . . 000000 0 OLn000 • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . O CD0000 in Le) C-3 0004.0 (D • • • • • • • • • e • • • • • (h r4 O N Lf) C}• M N r-4 r-4. • • • e • • • • • • • • • • • r-( - r-1 . . 000 000000 OOtn OOtn • • • • • • • • • . • 000 OOLf) O Lo C) OOIDt, Lf) MN V) . C C) I'- V M N N r-( r-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . ♦ • • + 00000) 00 Ln00000 Lf) • • • • U) .. • • + • 0 0 0 Ln 0 0 O N O t\ Ln M N • • • m ,�.� • • • • • • • • w O C) N M M N N r-1 ri o • • • C++ • • • e • • 000000000 OOcN C) • • • • • • • • Q • • • • • • O O O LO LO 00 CO N Lf) Lf) CO) N N • • • • • • • • Q • • • • • • • • • • • . • > W .L w *' © O N • OOOOOOO Lf) OO Ln to . . . • • • • • • • • O O O co O O L, M M N N r( • • • e • • • • • • •Q� r•l .Q• • • • • = M N N r-4 . • . • • e • • . • V O N • • • • • • • e • • • • • • • Lam• F 1•-1 �i • • O CD O O O O LA O O : • : • • • • • e • • . • • • • • O Lf) O O (D LO M M N • • • • • • • • e • • • • 1 N • N r4 .-i r•1 [� al • • • • • • • • • • • e • o • • • • Le) W N N O 0 Lf) O O O • e • • u • • • • • • • LA O L\ Lf) M M • • • • • • • e • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . e • . • . • N • M r1 O O O O LD • • • . • • • : • • • • • • • • • e • • • M 4.n M M N • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • e O • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • H .O y +Q+ N COON O N00CD 0CD 0000000000000000 +•+ U L,D000000 LnNLD 000000000 41 .-1 N Ln N 4.n r♦ M tD Cn C) tD t1' N CD O LO 00 LD W :� Q r♦ r-1 ri N M 1 N M Ln En O U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (n rH r.( • • ri • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • 1 1 1 1 • • • • • . • • . • • • • • C C O O N r( r•1 N C%1 N M M M Cr V V Ln Lf) Ln LD LD LD LD Cl CO G CO r-( r-1 e-4 r-1 r 14. 3. 2 Minimum distances. The minimum distances shown in Table 14. 1 shall be observed and provided. Table 14. 1 Minimum Safe Distances in Feet To `. From Septic Absorption Absorption Tank Field Bed Well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 50 100 100 Property Line . . . . . . . . . . 10 5 10 Foundation Wall . . . . . . . 5 5 5 Water Lines . . . . . . . . . . 10 10 10 14. 3. 3 Tank Capacity. Liquid capacity shall be based on the number of bedrooms proposed, or that can be reasonably anticipated in the dwelling and shall meet the minimum provisions shown in Table 14. 2. Table 14. 2 Minimum Capacity for Septic Tanks Minimum Liquid Capacity Number of Bedrooms Below Invert (Gallons) 2 or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1000 Each additional bedroom, add . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 . . . . . . . 4 4 . . . . . . . 250 Note: The capacities in Table 14. 2 provide for the plumbing fixtures and appliances commonly used in a single family residence (automatic sequence washer, mechanical garbage grinder and dishwasher included. ) 14. 3. 4 Liquid depth. The liquid depth of the tank or compartment thereof shall not be less than 30 inches. A liquid depth greater than 6 feet shall not be considered in determining tank capacity. 14. 3. 5 Inside dimensions. No tank or compartment thereof shall have an inside horizontal dimension of less than 24 inches. 14. 3. 6 Inlet connections. Inlet connections shall be submerged or baffled to divert incoming sewage toward bottom of tank. 14. 3. 7 Outlet connections. Outlet connections of the tank and of each compartment shall be submerged or baffled to obtain effective retention of scum and sludge. 14. 3. 8 Scum storage. Scum storage volume (space between the liquid surface and the top of the inlet and outlet devices) shall not be less than 15% of the required liquid capacity. -58- I 14. 3.9 Tank baffles. Outlet baffles and baffles between compart- ments, including pipe fittings used as baffles, shall extend below the liquid surface a distance equal to approximately 40% of the liquid depth of the tank. They also shall extend upward to within 1 inch of the underside of the cover. When a partition wall is used to form a multi-compartment tank, an opening in the partition wall may be used provided the minimum dimension is 4 inches, the cross sectional area is not less than that of a 6 inch diameter pipe, and the mid point of the opening is below the liquid surface a distance approxi- mately equal to 40% of the liquid depth. 14. 3. 10 Compartment volume. When multi-compartment tanks are used the volume of the first compartment shall be equal to or greater than that of any other compartment. 14. 3. 11 Tank venting. The tank shall be constructed so that gases generated in the tank, absorption field, or absorption bed can easily flow back to the main building stack. 14. 3. 12 Invert locations_. The inlet invert shall be at least one inch above the outlet invert. 14. 3. 13 Metal septic Tanks. Metal septic tanks shall comply with C. S. 177 (Type I or II), bear the Underwriters' Laboratories label and have the capacity required in table 14. 2. 14. 3. 14 Access to tank. A sixteen (16) inch manhole shall be per- mitted for access to prefabricated tanks. The inlet and outlet devices shall be accessible through properly placed manholes or an easily removable cover. 14. 3. 15 Depth of bury. Sufficient soil shall be provided over the top of the septic tank to permit grass growth and control odors. The minimum depth below finish grade shall be 4 inches. Where the top of the tank is located more than 18 inches below the finish grade, manholes shall be built up to within at least 18 inches of the finish grade. 14. 3. 16 Single compartment septic tank. For examples of septic tank construction, see appendix (Detail 1). 14. 4 Subsurface Absorption Field. 14. 4. 1 Location of field. Location of the absorption field shall be in an unobstructed area and shall comply with the minimum distances shown in Table 14. 1. 14. 4. 2 Absorption area. Minimum absorption area (total bottom area of trenches) of the absorption field shall be determined from the results of percolation tests conducted in accordance with 14. 6. 2 and the trench bottom area required shall be determined from Table 14. 4. 14. 4. 3 Trench spacing. Trenches containing tile lines shall be spaced in accordance with Table 14. 3. -59- 0 Table 14. 3 Size and Minimum Spacing for Disposal Trenches Width of Trench at Minimum Spacing of the Bottom (Inches) Trenches (in feet) 12 to 18 inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 0 feet 18 to 24 inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 feet 24 to 30 inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 feet 30 to 36 inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 5 feet Table 14.4 Subsurface Absorption Fields (Minimum Required Trench Bottom Area Per Bedroom) Time in minutes for water to fall Minimum Required 1 inch during final test period Area Sq. Feet 2 or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 3 100 4 115 5 125 10 165 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 30 250 45 300 60 330 Over 60 minutes unsuitable for absorption field Note; The areas in Table 14. 4 provide for plumbing fixtures and appliances common in residential use. Automatic sequence washer, mechanical garbage grinder and dishwasher included. 14. 4.4 Trenches to be in earth. That portion of an absorption trench below the top of the distribution pipe shall be in natural or acceptably stab- ilized earth. 14. 4. 5 Trenches to comply. All trenches in an absorption field shall comply with Tables 14. 3 and 14. 5. -60- Table 14. S Subsurface Absorption Field Construction Details Items Unit Max. Min. Number of lateral trenches 2 Length of trenches Feet 100 Width of trenches Inches 36 12 Depth of tile lines (bottom) Inches 36 18 Slope of the lines In./100 ft. 6 (1) Depth of coarse material: Under pipe Inches 6 Over pipe 2 Under pipe located within 10 feet of trees Inches 12 Size of coarse materials Inches 2-1/2 1/2 Depth of backfill over coarse material Inches 12 (1) Level preferred 14. 4. 6 Field in Flat Areas. In locations where the slope of the ground over the absorption field area is relatively flat (6 inches of fall or less in any direction within field area) the trenches shall be connected to produce a contin- uous system and the trench bottom should be level, see appendix (Detail 2). 14. 4. 7 Fields in Sloping Ground._ In locations where the ground over the absorption field area slopes (fall greater than 6 inches in any direction within field area) a system of distribution trenches following the contours of the land may be used. The trenches will be installed at different elevations, but the bottom of each individual trench shall be level throughout its length, and (a) Trenches shall be connected with a watertight overflow line in such a manner that a trench will be filled with sewage to the depth of the gravel before the sewage flows to the next lower trench. (b) The overflow line should be a 4 inch watertight sewer with direct connections to the distribution tiles in adjacent trenches and distribution tile lines shall have a level grade. (c) There shall be undistributed earth between trenches. At the point where an overflow pipe leaves an absorption trench, the trench for this pipe shall be dug no deeper than the top of the oil gravel interface. Overflow line shall rest on undisturbed earth and backfill shall be carefully tamped. The inlet to a trench should be placed as far as practical from the outlet (overflow) from the same trench. (d) For example of field construction, see appendix (Detail 3). 14. 4. 8 Effluent Drain. Effluent from the septic tank shall be conducted -61- to the absorption field through a watertight line of materials specified for underground drainage outside of a building with a grade of at least 1/4 inch per foot. Tees, wyes or distribution boxes may be used. If a distribution box Is used, It shall be of sufficient size to accommodate the necessary field lateral lines. The invert of all outlets shall be level and the inlet invert shall be at least one inch above the outlet invert. Outlet inverts shall be at least from 4 to 6 inches above the floor permitting water retention to act in lieu of a baffle for the purpose of securing equal distribution. 14. 4. 9 Pipe under driveways. Pipe used under driveways or other areas subject to heavy loads shall not be considered in determining the effective absorption area. 14. 4. 10 Absorption field pipe. Pipe used in the absorption field shall be of clay tile in lengths of approximately one (1) foot. The openings between Joints shall be no greater than 1/4 inch. 14. 4. 11 Soil infiltration of pipe. All open joints should be protected to effectively eliminate soil infiltration. 14. 4. 12 Filter Materials. Filter materials shall be of crushed stone, gravel, slag or similar material of equivalent strength and durability. It may vary from 1/2 inch to 2 and 1/2 inches and shall be free from fines, dust, sand or clay. The filter materials shall completely encase the tile. 14. 4. 13 Soil infiltration of filter. An effective barrier such as building Paper or straw shall be placed over the filter material to prevent infiltration of the backfill. 14. 4. 14 Heavy equipment usage. Heavy equipment shall not be driven over the trenches during backfilling or after completion of the absorption field. 14. 5 Subsurface Absorption Beds. 14. 5. 1 Location of absorption bed. Location of absorption beds in addition to the general provisions under section 14. 1. 2 shall comply with the minimum distances shown in Table 14. 1. 14. 5. 2 Effective absorption area. Effective absorption area of an absorption bed shall be calculated as bottom area. 14. 5. 3 Total absorption area. Total absorption area shall be determined from Table 14. 6 using results of percolation tests conducted in accordance with Section 14. 6 Table 14. 6 Minimum Required Bottom Area Per Bedroom For Absorption Tests Time in minutes for water to fall Minimum Required 1 inch during final test period Area Square Feet 2 or less . . 170 3 200 4 230 5 250 10 330 15 380 30 . . . . 500 Over 30 minutes unsuitable -62- Note: The areas in Table 14. 6 provide for plumbing fixtures and appliances common to residential use. Automatic sequence washer mechanical garbage grinder and dishwasher are included. 14. 5. 4 Absorption bed bottom. The bottom of an absorption bed shall terminate in a porous formation at least 4 feet in thickness. 14. 5. 5 Water 'Cable. No bed excavation shall extend into the water table. Where ground water is encountered, the bottom of the bed shall be raised with clean coarse sand, at least 2 feet above the water table. 14. S. 6 Filled ground. Absorption beds constructed on unstable filled ground will not be permitted or approved. 14. 5.7 Construction details. The construction of the absorption bed shall comply with Table 14.7. Table 14. 7 Absorption Bed Construction Details Item Unit Max. Min. Distance between distribution lines Feet 3 Distance between distribution lines and wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feet 1-1/2 Depth of filter material: Under pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inches 6 In bed within 10 feet of trees . . . . Inches 12 Over pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . Inches 2 Depth of backfill over filter materials . . . . . . . . . . . . Inches 24 12 14. 5. 8 Infiltration barrier. An effective barrier shall be provided between the filter material and the backfill as specified in section 14.4. 13. 14. 5.9 _Heavy equipment usage. Heavy equipment shall not be driven over the bed during or after backfilling. 14. 6 Percolation Tests. 14. 6. 1 Individual lots. One percolation test shall be made (or if site conditions so indicate, several tests in separate holes spaced uniformly over the proposed site) within the proposed absorption field site. 14. 6. 2 Procedure. All percolation tests shall be performed in accord- ance with the following: a. Dig or bore the holes with horizontal dimensions of from 4 to 12 inches and vertical sides to the depth of the bottom of the proposed absorption device. Holes can be bored with 4 inch diameter post-hole type auger. -63- 9 0 b. Roughen or scratch the bottom and sides of the holes to pro- vide a natural surface. Remove all loose materials from the hole. Place about 2 inches of coarse sand or fine gravel;in the hole to prevent bottom scouring. c. Fill the hole with clear water to a minimum depth of 12 inches over the gravel. By refilling, if necessary, or by supplying a surplus reservoir of water (automatic siphon), keep water in hole for at least four hours, and preferably overnight. In sandy soils, the above saturation procedure is not necessary and the test can be made after the water from one filling has seeped away. d. Percolation rate measurements should be made on the day following the saturation process, except in sandy soils. e. If water remains in the test hole after overnight saturation, adjust the depth to 6 inches over the gravel. From a fixed reference point, measure the drop in water level at approx- imately 30 minute intervals over a 4 hour period. The drop which occurs during the final 30 minute period is used to cal- culate the percolation rate. NOTE: The Plumbing Inspector should determine if the water in the test hole is due to a high ground water condition or the permeability of the soil. f. If no water remains in the hole after overnight saturation, add clear water to a depth of about six inches over the gravel. From a fixed reference point, measure the height of the water surface at approximately 30 minute intervals over a 4 hour period, refilling the hole to a depth of 6 inches when the percolation rate indicates the hole will run dry before the next reading is made. The drop which occurs during the final 30 minute period is used to calculate the percolation rate. If a hole must be refilled to obtain a final 30 minute reading, determine from the previous reading the water level drop during that interval. Add water until the level above the bottom equals this figure plus one-half inch. Continue, measure drop during the final 30 minute period. g. In sandy soils, or other soils in which the first 6 inches of water seeps away in less than 30 minutes, after the over- night saturation period, the time interval between measure- ments can be taken as 10 minutes and the test run over a period of one hour. The drop which occurs in the final ten minute period is used to calculate the percolation rate. 14. 7 Seepage Pits. 14. 7. 1 Prohibition against. The use o'f seepage pits with septic tanks is prohibited. 14. 8 Subsurface Sand Filters. 14. 8. 1 Location. Subsurface sand filters shall not be located or placed in any area subject to heavy traffic or machinery loads or subject to tree -64- or shrubbery root growth. 14. 8. 2 Loadings. Subsurface sand filters shall be designed on the basis of 100 square feet of filter surface area per bedroom. 14. 8. 3 Distribution. Distribution may be accomplished by placing open joint bell and spigot pipes on five foot centers over the sand surface. 14. 8.4 Distribution box. A distribution box shall be provided to assure equal flow to all laterals. 14. 8. 5 Protection. The distribution pipe must be protected by placing one inch crushed rock or gravel to a depth of three inches above the top of the pipes. The gravel shall be covered with building paper prior to back filling. 14. 8. 6 Underdrains. Open joint underdrains shall be used. They shall be sloped to the outlet and spaced not to exceed ten feet centers. 14. 8.7 Media: (a) Gravel base. The gravel base shall be of clean graded gravel so placed to prevent entering the under drain system and to form an adequate support for the sand bed. This base shall extend not less than six (611) inches over the top of the under- drain system. The design to be followed is: bottom layer of one and one-half (1-1/211) inches to three-fourths (3/411) of an inch gravel to extend two (211) inches above the top of the underdrains; intermediate layer of three-fourths (3/411) of an inch to one-fourth (1/411) of an inch gravel two (211) inches thick; top layer of one fourth (1/4") of an inch to one eighth (1/8") of an inch gravel two (211) inches thick. (b) Filter Sand. The filter sand shall be placed to a thickness of at least twenty-four (2411) inches. It shall be clean sand of such chemical composition as to not be readily decomposed by sewage. The uniformity coefficient shall be not greater than 4.0. Effective size shall be 0. 6 to 0. 8 mm. 14. 8. 8 Cover. The top of the sand bed shall not be deeper than three (3) feet below the top of the covering material. CHAPTER 15 PENALTY AND REPEAL 15. 1 Repeal clause. Ordinance number be and the same is hereby repealed. 15. 2 Penalty. Any person convicted of any violation of any of the provisions of this ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be punished by a fine of not more than One Hundred Dollars ($100. 00). -65- 15. 3 Effective date. This ordinance shall be in force and take effect from and after its passage and approval. PASSED: APPROVED: President of Council Mayor ATTEST: City Clerk -66-