HomeMy Public PortalAbout1992 - URBANA Group - Jefferson City Historic East Architectural Historic Survey Summary ReportI
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JEFFERSON CITY HISTORIC EAST
ARCHITECTURAL/HISTORIC SURVEY
SUMMARY r.EPORT
JEFFERSON CITY HISTORIC EAST
ARCHITECTURAL/HISTORIC SURVEY
SUMMARY REPORT
Prepared by
The URBANA Group
for the
Jefferson City Commission on Historic Preservation
and
Jefferson City Department of Planning and Code Enforcement
September 1992
This project was funded by the State o f Missouri Departm en t o f Natural Resources; D ivis ion o f Parks , Recreati on
and Histori c Preservation; by a grant und er the provisions of th e Nati on al Historic P reserva ti on Ac t of 1966, as
a mended, from the National Park Service, U.S. Depart ment of th e Interior an d th e Department o f Planning and
Code E nfo rcement, J efferson City, Mi sso uri.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Jefferson City Commission on Historic Preservation
Memb er /App ointm ent and Expirati on Dat es
(pt. = app ointed to fill an unexpired term )
Mary Ann Capling er, Chair (7 /89; 2/92-12 /94)
John Chavis, Se cr etary (7 /89; 3/91 -12 /93)
Carol L. Blaney (pt. 12/91 -12 /93)
Ke vin R. Meinhardt (8 /90; 12 /91 -12 /94)
Jerrold G. Scarlett (7 /89; 12 /91 -12 /94)
Simon (Chip) Bu ckner (pt. 2/92 -12 /92)
Toni M . Prawl (pt. 8/92 -12 /92)
Jefferson City Department of Planning and Code Enforcement
Thomas H . Benton, Director
D .R . Preston, City Planner
The URBANA Group
Alic e M. Edwards , Vi ce Presid ent /Preservati on Plann er
Kar en L. Kumm er, Ar chitectural Historian
Jos eph J. Gallagh er, Cultural Geo graph er
Su san K. App el , Ph.D., Archit ec tural Hi storian
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Contents
Acknowledgmen ts 11
Preface iv
Introduction 1
Objectives 5
Methodology 5
Project Participation 7
Inventory Form Data 7
Historic Overview 9
Architectural Styles and Building Types 18
National Register of Hi storic Places 2 5
Background 25
Recommendations 26
Local Preservation Ordinances and Designation 39
Conclusion 42
Endnotes 43
Bibliography 49
Appendices 52
Appendix 1: Survey Handout 52
Appendix 2: Missouri Architectural/Historic Inventory Survey Form 53
Appendix 3: Final Meeting Announcement 54
Appendix 4 : Building Reference Number/Street Address Guide 55
iii
Preface
The National Park Service defines survey as "a process of
identifying and gathering data on a community's historic
r esources. "1 This year-long survey project documented over 450
historic resources in Jefferson City's Historic East neighborhood:
hundreds of brick houses, ranging from 1860s German vernacular
houses to two and one-half story Queen Anne mansions; houses
belonging to prominent judges or railroad workers; limestone
retaining walls, iron fences , and garages. The identified historic
resources give the Historic E.ast neighborhood a character not
found elsewhere in Jefferson City. This report serves as the base
upon which the City may build to recognize and protect this vital
character.
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Introduction
The Historic East neighborhood is the area on the eastern edge of Jefferson City's central
business district, just four blocks east of the Mi ssou ri State Capitol (see Figure 1). The survey
area covers approximately 220 acres, includes roughly thirty-six city blocks, and co ntains over
550 historic resources.2 The Historic East Survey Area was confined by fairly straightforward
boundaries, encompassing nearly the entire neighborhood. To the north of the survey area is
the Missouri River, which is at the base of a steep hill and separated from direct access by
railroad tracks; it is not readily seen from the Historic East neighborhood. To the south of the
survey area i s U.S. Highway 50/63, also known as th e Rex Whitton Expressway, which divides
the Historic East neighborhood from another historic area south of the hi g hway. The colossal
piers of the highway overshadow part of the Historic East neighborhood (600 block of E. Miller
Street), while other sections of the survey area (500 block Jackson Street, and 500, 1100, and
1200 blocks of E. Miller Street) overlook the highway.
Specifically, th e survey area extends from the east side of Adams Street to the west side of
Benton Street on the east. The east side of Adams Street may be considered to be part of the
central business district, with mostly commercial or institutional bu ildin gs, including the
Chamber of Commerce. While the east side of Benton Street, n ot included within th e survey
area, is a part of the Historic East neighborhood, the areas beyond to the east are generally
newer in construction, and are not continuous with the resources of the survey area. State
Street, the Missouri State Penitentiary, and parts of E . Capitol Avenue are the northernmost
section s of the survey area. The northern edge of U.S. Highway 50/63 serve s as the southern
boundary.
The east-west streets within the Historic East neighborhood generally serve as major
thoroughfares. These include E. Miller Street and E. Capi to l A venue, and particu larly E.
McCarty and E. High Streets. U.S . Highway 50/63 is accessible from ex it ramps. off Clark
Avenue; direct access off Cherry Street has been closed . Generally, with the exception of Clark
A venue, the north-south streets are low use residential streets . Alleys divide most all of the
blocks.
The topog raphy of the Historic East nei ghborhood is hilly, wi th many yards requiring retaining
walls. The frequency of limestone retaining walls adds a cohesiveness to parts of the
neighborhood . The steep slope of E . Capitol Avenue a t the 900 block allows a clear view into
the Missouri State Penitentiary grounds, while from its other en d (400 and 500 blocks), E.
Capitol Avenue affords a quite picturesque view of the Missouri State Capitol.
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 1
Figure 1: Survey Area Location
KEY -JEFFERSON CITY HISTORIC EAST SURVEY AREA
SCALE
0 100 200 METERS
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 2
F
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Introduction
The Historic East neighborhood is overwhelmingly residential in character, with limited
commercial, institutional, and manufacturing uses. Th e lots are long and narrow in most cases,
allowing fo r large bad.--yards. Small commercial nodes exis t in several places in the
neighborhood, and generally are l ocated on corners of east-west streets , with a few buildings
occasionally wrapping corners to s id e streets. The mo st no tab l e comm ercial node within the
Historic East neighborhood is probably the 600 block and a smal l section of th e 700 block of
E. High Street. This area had transformed from r esi dential to commercial by the l ate nineteenth
century, providing grocery stores, bakeries, and a drug store to the neighborhood. Othe r
smaller commercial areas include the 400 block of Clark Avenue, the 300 block of Ash Street
and the 900 block of E. High Street, and the 1000 block of E. High Street.
Churches are located around the periphery of the survey area, and are not within the core of the
neighborhood. Churches are found on the 700 block of E. Miller, the 100 block of Adams
Street, the 1200 block of E . High Street, and most notably, the prominent Immaculate
Conception Church complex on the 1200 block of E. McCarty Street. Several churches are just
outside the neighborhood to the west toward the core of downtown.
Only one public school is found within the neighborhood. Occupying much of the 500 block
of E . McCarty with its broad setback, the Ernst Simonsen High School and Junior High School,
now only a junior high school, is set high on a hill with an E. Miller Street address; the 400
block of E. Miller to the west is occupied by an athletic field for the school. Other public
buildings are within the survey area. The 800 and 900 blocks of E. Miller are occupied by city
buildings and uses , including Transit Division buildings on the south side of the 800 block, the
City Sand and Gravel Yard on the north side of the 800 block, Street Maintenance Division, and
Animal Rescue offices on the north side of the 900 block of E. Miller, and street parking and
a park on the south side of the 900 block of E. Miller.
By far, the most notable non-residential use within the Historic East Survey Area is the Missouri
State Penitentiary, located at the north central boundary of the survey area. The facility's
massive rock-faced coursed limestone walls and guard towers frame the landscape of the 600
block of State Street, the 100 block of Lafayette Street, and the 700 and 800 blocks of E.
Capitol A venue. While to those not familiar with this section of the neighborhood the prison's
presence may seem disturbing, the existence of the facility is not dominating. At times, the only
reminder of its presence is the audibility of the announcement system . Perhaps oddly to
outsiders is the location of some of the neighborhood's more prominent houses directly across
from the prison on the 700 and 800 blocks of E. Capitol Avenue. In fact, as will be discussed
later in this report, the neighborhood owes some of its existence to the prison; in its earlier
years, inmates were involved in the construction of houses in the area. Later, the penitentiary
was the center of much light manufacturing which used convict l abor. Light manufacturing
existed el sewhere in the neighborhood, with the International Shoe factory at the 1000 and 1100
blocks of E. Capitol Avenue being the most prominent of the industrial buildings.
The survey area has little open space, with most lots having been historically developed. The
900 and 1000 blocks of E. McCarty Street and the 1000 block of E. Miller Street are dominated
by cemeteries representing city and national ownerships. The cemeteries give a visual break to
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 3
lnJroduction
densely-built E. McCarty Street. A tall limestone retaining wall frames the cemeteries on the
north, south, and east (along Locust Street). S anbo rn Maps indi cate a Jewish cemetery once
e}:isted behind the 1100 block of E. McCarty Street and the 300 bl ock of Be nton Street. Iron
fencing r emains as evidence of this cemetery; the bodi e s have been exhumed. Park spaces
include the 900 block of E . Miller Street and an undeveloped , informal area of Park Place
Avenue (of Park Place Addition). Areas along a ravin e , particularl y between the 900 and 1000
blocks of E. Capitol Avenue to the north side, provide some private open spaces .
Residentially, the survey area is dominated by single family residences. Historic duplexes are
not uncommon, and several particularly well-designed and well-preserved early twentieth century
apartment buildings are within the Historic East Survey Area (200 block Marshall Street, 600
block E. Capitol Avenue, and 1000 block E . High Street). The residential lots are generally
long and narrow, making for densely set houses. As the Historic East neighborhood borders the
central business district , commercial occupations have increasingly encroached on the residential
uses of the neighborhood, mostly as conversions. The most notable areas of residential to
commercial use conversions are the 400 blocks of E. High and E. McCarty Streets, and the 500
and 600 blocks of E. Capitol Avenue. Generally speaking, many of these conversions have not
seriously altered the residential character of the historic buildings.
Additionall y impacting the Historic East neighborhood are conversions of single family houses
to multi-family units, an influence felt not only in an increase of den sity of occupancy, but also
in a high number of non-owner occ upi ed build ings . The multi-family conversions a t times may
only be noticeable by several electri c meters on th e side of the building, while in other instances
the conversions are more obvious, with large exterior staircases added to access upper stories
and porches permanently enclosed to provide additional interior space .
The H istoric East Survey Area has few modern intrusions to the historic character of the
neighborhood. Modern construction has occurred along the 400, 500, and 600 blocks of E .
McCarty Street, but otherwise occurs only in a few isolated in stances.
Historically, the residential buildings of the survey area represent a wide range of occupants,
from the most prominent business people to people employed by the prison, by the nearby
railroads, or by the manufacturers. As will be discussed later in this report, the architectural
styles and building types, in part, reflect the varied occupants of the buildings .
Field work for this project was conducted in early and late Augu st, mid-October, and early
November of 1991 , and early March of 1992. Temperatures in the nineties provided the
environment to survey E. McCarty Street, while twenty mile per hour winds and freezing
temperatures coincided with the E. Capitol Avenue field work. Research was conducted
throughout the project.
The URBANA Group, consultants i n Urban Plann ing, specializing in Preservation Planning, was
hired by the City of Jefferson to conduct this survey project. Manag ing the project for The
URBANA Group was Alice Edwards. Field work was conducted by Ms. Edwards, Karen
Kummer, and Susan Appel. Joseph Gallagher led the research and mapping components of the
Jefferson City Histon·c East Survey page 4
Introduction
project. Ms. Edwards and Mr. Gallagher composed the report. Managin g the project fo r the
C ity of Jefferson was Mr. D.R. Preston, City Pl an ner, who also coordinated meetings with the
Commission on Historic Preservation. Final revi ~w of the project was completed by Gerald Lee
Gilleard, Survey Coordinator for the Mi ss ouri Historic Preservati on Prog ra m.
The Missouri Historic Preservation Program of the Missouri Department of Natural Resources
provided seventy percen t of the funding for this survey project. The remaining thirty p ercent
of the funding was provided by the City of Jefferson.
Objectives
The overriding objectives of this identification and evaluation activity were to gather information
to contribute to a local (and state) data base on historic properties and to identify the boundaries
of potential National Register historic districts. Recommendations for local designations of
l andmarks and historic districts are also made.
Supplementary to the overriding objectives was to use this project not just as part of an ongoing
identification program, but also as an ed ucation program. By i ncluding opportunities for public
participation, an objective of this survey is also to help increase public understanding of, and
interest in, the community's history and historic properties. A survey handout was provided to
property owners who inquired about the project; the handout was distributed by the field team
of surveyors and was also available through the Planning and Code Enforcement Department of
the City (see Appendix 1). Two neighborhood meetings were conducted, at the beginning and
at the end of this survey project.
Methodolo~y
This project was an intensive level survey, developed through field survey and archival research.
The project began with a review of available literature . Secondary resource information on
Jefferson City is greatly lacking, with the only city history book being Ford's 1938 History of
Jefferson City, which has typical limitations of such types of historical references including
inaccuracies and biases . Scholarly articles on the community are also limited, with fewer than
five articles in the Missouri Historical Review in the last twenty years including information
relevant to this project. The Cole County Illustrated Sketch Book (1900) provides highlights of
some of the community's most prominent ci ti zens, many of whom lived in this project area;
th ese biographical highlights were used as much as possible. The 1982 survey and report
Missouri 's Black Historic Sites: A View Over Time includes coverage of several blocks of the
Historic East neighborhood, and provided information on prominent African American c itizens
who resided in the neighborhood. Miscellaneous property files are available through the Cole
County Historical Society archives. These files are not organized in any particu lar order, b ut
include some early "survey" information, recorded by vo lunteers, and dating as far back as the
early-mid 1960s; this information includ es some historical ba ckgrounds for properties located
within the survey area.
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 5
Introduction
Primary resource materials are limited to city directories and Sanborn Fire In suran ce Maps.
City direc tories are available for th e following re levant years: 1897-98, 1900, 190 4-05, 1908-
09, 19 11 -12 , 1913, 19 15, 19 17, 191 8,1 921, 1923 , 19 25, 1927, 19 29 , 193 1,1933 ,1935 , 1938,
19 43 , and 19 4 6 . S?..n:.•orn Maos re lati ng to the su rvey area date w 1885, 189 ~, 1898, 1908,
1923, an d 19 4 0 . However, on ly the 1923 and 1940 Sanborn Maos cover the enti r e survey area .
C ity building pe r mits date only from 1965.
All buildings within the survey area were surveyed, however, final survey forms were not
completed for all of the buildings. This survey was to include the recordation of approximately
450 historic resources. Since one of the main goals of the survey was to make recommendations
for National Register historic districts, the selection of historic resources to be intensively
surveyed was based on those buildings in and around recommended historic districts. Field
work indicated another one hundred historic buildings that are within the survey area, but for
which no final survey form was completed . Buildings surveyed were built prior to 1946.
Buildings which were substantially altered (altered beyond historic recognition) were not
recorded, nor were modern structures.
The survey followed the "Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology
and Historic Preservation." A computerized version of the Missouri Architectural/Historic
Inventory Survey Form was utilized for this project (see Appendix 2). While the information
is only recorded in a word processing program (and is not coded to facilitate data analysis), the
computerization will allow for survey form updates. The computerization will also assist in
preparing brochures and future National Register of Historic Places nominations .
Information gathered on those buildings surveyed included identification of materials, plan shape,
roof shape, construction, and building date, supplemented by an architectural description of
building features such as porches, stylistic features, architectural details, and alterations. The
statement of significance includes information on the history of the building, the building's
historic occupants, and the building's contributing status if within the boundaries of a
recommended historic district, or status of being individually eligible to the National Register
if not within a recommended historic district. Outbuildings were noted, with substantial
outbuildings such as larger carriage houses, being documented on separate inventory forms. At
least one 5" x 7" black and white photograph is provided for each surveyed property. A base
map provides a footprint of each building with the building's reference number.
This r eport discussing the historic context, summarizing the survey findings, evaluating
properties, and making recommendations, completes the survey project. An address list of all
properties within the boundaries of the survey area served as a checklist for the field survey
team . In final form, the list has been incorporated into this report and includes contributing/non-
contributing status for buildings within the recommended National Register Historic Districts.
The list also serves to cross reference addresses with building reference numbers.
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 6
lnJroduction
Project Participation
A concentrated ~ffort was made to provide opportunities for public participation and in put into
this surv~y project. The consul tan ts m~t wi th the Commission on Hi sto ric Preservation four
times (July 30, August 27, and November 5, 1991 and March 10, 1992) at the City Bui lding to
rev iew th e project's progress . Al l meetings of the Commission on Historic Preservation are
open to the public.
News releases were provided to area newspapers, and television and radio stations regarding the
project and the introductory public meeting. The initial public meeting, held August 1, 199 1
at 7:30 p .m. in the City Council chambers, was attended by approximately twenty people,
including representatives from the Commission on Historic Preservation, and the Planning and
Code Enforcement Department. A proj ect introduction was given by Commission Chair Mary
Ann Caplinger and a project overview was given by Susan Appel and Alice Edwards of The
URBANA Group. A qu estion and comment opportunity followed.
The final public meeting was extremely well-attended, with an estimated audience of over one
hundred people nearly filling the City Council chambers on July 8, 1992 at 7:00p.m. News
releases had been supplied to all media and an advertisement announcing the meeting had been
placed in the newspaper for two nights (July 5 and 7; see Appendix 3). The newspaper featured
a small article announcing the meeting. Excellent coverage of the meeting and project was
received from television stations KOMU/NBC and KMIZ/ ABC with neighborhood residents and
Commission Chair Mary Ann Caplinger being interviewed, and a variety of buildings from the
survey area being shown.
Inventory Form Data
While much of the data on the Missouri Architectural/Historic Inventory Survey Form is self
explanatory, a few items merit additional explanation.
Reference numbers were given to all main buildings within the boundaries of the survey area
excluding modem buildings (post 1945); reference numbers were not given to outbuildings,
except in cases where the outbuil ding was surveyed separately (on a separate form from the main
building to which it belongs). The reference numbers are keyed to the building "footprints" on
the mapping for this project. Ranging f rom 001 to 568, the reference numbers begin at the
northwest comer of the su rvey area (Adams and State Streets), and continue in a west-east
pattern along the north th e n south sides of the west-east streets. Similarly, the numbering then
continues on the west boundary of the survey area, from the east si de of Adams Street going
from the north-south along each side of the north-sou th streets. Two reference numbers were
dropped--#295 and #385--as the building reference was changed. Building reference numbers
are cross referenced with street addresses in Appendix 4.
Roll/frame notes the roll and frame number of the black and white photograph of the building .
Some buildings may have multiple roll/frame numbers listed; in those cases, th e roll/frame
which is underlined is the view which was printed to accompany the survey form. The negatives
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 7
Introduction
and contact sheet prints for the resources within th e survey area are on file at the Department
of Planning and Code Enforcement, lower level of the City Bui ld ing. A 5" x 7" black and w hi te
photograph accompanies each survey form.
Building dal e was derived from a combination of San born Fire In surance Map resear ch and
professional judgm en t.
Open to the public is a determination on the part of the field surveyors. In many cases this is
obvious (stores, repairs s hop s , etc.). An assumption was made that buildings which appeared
co mmercial or which held private businesses would technically be open to the public. Listing
"partial" indicates the bu il ding appeared to be mixed use commercial and residential, and would
be open in part to the public.
Owner's Name/Address was provided by the Department of Planning and Code Enforcement
near the beginning of thi s project; some of these owner referen ces are likely to have changed
be fore this projec t was completed .
Exterior condition is a subjective determination, and is a separate determination from a
building's integrity. A bu ilding may be in poor condition, but retain much of its historic fabric
and therefore possess a high degree of integrity.
Changes (Addition or Altered ?) applies to modern additions or alterations. Some buildings have
had later (not original) porch additions or rear wings added, but when such changes appear to
date before 1940, they are not listed as changes, as these changes are "historic." Typical
alterations include artificial siding and modern iron trim replacing original wood posts on
porches. The alteration of sleeping porches from glassed-in spaces to more enclosed spaces
(asbestos shingle siding or artificial siding) is also fairly common.
Jefferso n City Historic East Survey page 8
I -
Historic Overview
Settlement
The first official record of the settlement of Jefferson City was an Act of Congress on
March 6, 18 20 which au thori zed th e organization of Missouri as a state and a grant of four
und esignated sections of public land as a site for the capital.3 Since the Missouri River was the
main tran sport artery at that time, the State Commission was in s tructed to designate a site within
forty miles from the mouth of the Osage River as the state capital.4 The communities of Cote
Sans D essein, Franklin, and Marion competed for the distinction, but on December 31, 1821,
the Legislature passed an act designating th e area known as "Howard's Bluff" as the future
location of the capital of Missouri.5 It was the leas t developed of all the s ites considered; the
first building was erected there in 1819 near the Lohman foundry .6 The residents of this
building later established the first saloon in the city. Only two fam ilies resided in Jefferson City
in 1823. The settlement was incorporated on November 7, 1825 and by 1826, the number of
families had increased to thirty. 7
The central business di s trict of Jefferson City consisted of a general store, a gris t mill, a
distillery, a dram shop, tan yards, and the Ri si ng Sun Hotel in November 18 26. The first
general store in Jeffe rson City was erected for Daniel Colgan between 1826 and 1827 on the
northeast corner of the present capitol grounds, and enjoyed a booming business for over a year
until I.B. Read and T. & P. Miller established competing stores in 1828 and 1831 respectively.8
No mayor was elected until 1839 when Thomas Lawson Price, a Virginian, was voted into
office. 9
The 1840 cen sus g ives the population of the city as 1,436 people, 262 of whic h were sl aves.
Early settlers in J efferson City came from Kentu cky, Tennessee, and Virginia. After 1840, the
influx of population into the settlement was characterized by German immi g ration prompting
Jefferso n City to be known for several years as "the town of brick" and instigati ng the passage
of an ordinance prohibiting the building of frame structures. 10 The manufacture of brick had
begun in Jefferson City prior to 1826.11 Several German immigran ts were involved in brick
manufacturing due to their familiarity with, and preference for, brick. The availability of
sui table clays and the abundance of post-glacial, wind depo sited loess soils encouraged this
enterprise 12 "Munichberg " "Germantown " or "Dutch Town" as it was also known emeroed
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on the south side of Jefferson City in the 1840s and 1850s as Dunklin Street became the main
thoroughfare of immigrants into the settlement.13 The Germans established their own shops,
Jefferson City Histon'c East Survey page 9
Historic Overview
banks, lodges, and churches with many of these immigrants continuing to converse in their
native Ian g uage .14
The second l 2rgest influx of immig:-ants into the city were Iri sh. Two principal routes were
taken by th ese settlers: the Ohio River and the Cumberlan d -National Road. The Ohio Riv er
was u sed becau se early transportation dep e nded to a large ex te nt on n avigabl e rivers. The
Cumberland-National Road started in Cumberland, Maryland and continued to Wheeling, West
Virginia and, from there, along the National Road through Ohio, Indiana, and Ill i nois to
Missouri.
Examination of city directories indicates that many residents in the Historic East Survey Area
were African American. Historian Julius H . Conrath recalled that in the l a te nineteenth century
the residences south of McCarty Street and east of Adams Street were predominantly occupied
by African Americans. 15
Daniel M. Boone, son of the famous frontiersman, and Major Elias Bancroft were commissioned
to p lan the layout of the town. Incorporated into the layout of the town were 80 to 120 foot
wide streets and 400 feet square regularly-spaced city parks. 16 The sale of lots began in May
1823 at an average price of $32.75.17 The original capitol was located on the site of the
present-day Governor's mansion, and was completed on October 1, 1826.18 St. Charles,
Missouri remained the temporary seat of government until the capitol was completed and
occupied . The building housed the state's executive, legislative, and judicial headquarters on
the first floor, and the governor's living quarters on the second floor. The building was
destroyed by fire in 1837. The construction of a second capitol was begun in 1837, and
completed in 1842 on the site of the present-day capitol. It, too, was destroyed by fire in 1911.
With the landing of the steamer Monroe in Jefferson City on May 10, 1849 came a cholera
epidemic. Having learned of the conditions of the steamer's passengers, John Yount, the owner
of Lohman's landin g, attempted to prevent the disembarkation of infected passengers but he was
unsuccessful.19 Some of the passengers were destined for California while most of the travelers
were Mormons destined for Iowa. The poor and overcrowded living conditions on board the
steamer coupled with inadequate management by the ship's owner, James Murphy, encouraged
the spread of the disease throughout the ship prior to its arrival in Jefferson City.20 The
passengers d ispersed in Jefferson City in an attempt to find medical aid . Since no hospital
existed in Jefferson City a t that time, arrangements were made to use the Episcopal and
Presbyterian Churches as temporary ho spitals , and thereafter, ten private homes to cope with
the number of invalids. Despite the efforts of residents, the disease spread over the whole
county resulting in the deaths of over six ty-four people.
The docking of steamboats at Lohman's Landing in the latter half of the nineteenth century
contributed to the development of flour mills, tanneries, and distilleries in the town. Three or
four steamboats per week u sed to stop a t Jefferson City on both legs of th eir journey in the
1870s. 21 Also important to the initial growth of the settle ment was the completion of the
Missouri Pacific railroad line from St. Louis to Jefferson City in 1855 .22
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 10
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Historic Overview
The Missouri State Penite ntiary
The role of the Missouri State Penitentiary in the historic development of Jefferson City and,
in particular, the Historic East Survey Area is important in terms of its contribution to the built
environm~nt, as a source of prison labor and area employment, and as contributing to industrial
development. The Missouri General Assembly passed a bill on January 11, 1833 authorizing
the construction of the Missouri State Penitentiary at Jefferson City.23 It was the first prison
west of the Mississippi River, and initially consisted of a quarter-acre area enclosed by a wooden
stockade . The institution was designed by English-born architect John Haviland who a few years
earlier had drawn up the plans for a castle-like structure known as the Eastern State Penitentiary
in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 24 Haviland's original plans for the penitentiary allowed prison
officials to isolate inmates totally from one another by employing the use of one-man cells. The
philosophy begun at the Eastern State facility and continuing at the Missouri State Penitentiary
was to keep prisoners in solitary confinement to reflect on their li ves, so by the time they were
released "the prisoner [could ] go forth into a new and industrious life. "25 The first prisoner,
Wilson Eidson, was admitted on March 8, 1836.26 He was twenty-two years of age and a
native of Tennessee who was sentenced from Greene County, Missouri to serve two years and
forty-five days for grand larceny. At the time of his admission, the acreage of the peniten tiary
had grown to four acres. By November 1836, fourteen prisoners had been adm itted and by the
autumn of 1837, the penitentiary had reached its capacity with forty prisoners Y In order to
cope with the increasing number of inmates, two prisoners were assigned to each cell .
Upon the establishmen t of the penitentiary, a warden was appointed by the General As sembly
and given full authority. A three-man board of prison inspectors was also established to r eport
to the Governor. In an attempt to achieve self-sufficiency, the office of the warden was
abolished and a lease system adopted in 1839. In effect, management of the penitentiary was
turned over to a lessee who worked, fed, clothed, and guarded the inmates. The first lessees
were WilliamS. Burch and John C. Go rdon who paid the state $30,000 in return for the use of
prison facilities and labor for profit. 28 The population of the peni ten ti ary continued to grow
to forty-four prisoners in 1839 and seventy-seven in 1840. With the increase in the number of
inmates, forty additional cells were authorized in addition to a center building (principally for
workshops) and guard houses . 29
The first leasing venture was n ot a success. The practice of taking pri soners ou ts ide the prison
walls to do contract work resulted in a number of escapes. The first large-scale break occurred
on June 14, 1841 when eight inmates escaped after killing a prison guard. 30 Escapes occurred
almost weekly for the next year and the lease system came under much c riticism. Burch and
Gordon's lease was not renewed when it expired. Instead, Ezra Richmond and James Brown
were granted the new lease on February 15, 1843.31 In 1843, 180 prisoners were divided
among eighty cells and, in order to alleviate the problem of o vercrowd in g , a new cell building,
dining hall, and hospital quarte rs were erected, increasing the capacity of the peniten tiary to 300
prisoners. 32 Under the new lease system, non e of the prisoners was allowed outside the
penitentiary walls unless they were working on prison buildings. These cond itions were soon
relaxed allowing prisoners to leave the institution in order to obtain bui lding materials several
miles away. The problem of escaped convicts continued. 33 Yielding to p ublic pressure,
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 11
Historic Overview
allega tions of abuse, mismanagement, and lac k of profit, the lease system ceased in 1853 and
th e office of the warden was reesta blished .
The lease system gave way to a co ntract sy:tern of prison labor with the warden retained as
overseer. In 18 62, a two-year contract employing between 100 and 300 priso ners was
accepted.34 By 1868, the con vic t popu lation of the penitentiary had risen to 700 prisoners. In
1870, the governor was authorized to order the warden to furnish over twenty-five inmates to
aid in the construction of Lincoln Institute (Lincol n University). The lease sys tem was
attempted, for its final time, between 1873 and 1875.35 The 1873 lease was original! y granted
for ten years, however, following the prison riots of 1873-1874 over poor living conditions, the
lease was terminated in 1875 and the system reverted to a contract-labor one.36 Under the
contract system, the state con s tructed the factories and negotiated with the manufacturers who
signed multi-year contracts.
The population of the peniten tiary gradually rose from 406 in 1860, 734 in 1870, 1,686 in 1891,
to 2,200 by 1895Y By 1902, the penitentiary housed 2,052 prisoners within its fifteen acres.
Between 1876 and 1884 , the state constructed seven new factories allowing the institution to
reach its management goal: self-sufficiency. Convict labor played an important role in the
institution reaching this goal. The inmates operated under several different systems over the
years including the public account system where the prison bought the raw materials and
manufactured them into articles of which it then disposed; the contract system under which the
state received a daily salary for the convict labor supplied under employer supervision; the p iece
price system which involved the furnishing of materials by the contractor with convict labor
manufacturing the articles at the stated price under prison supervision; and the lease system
under which prisoners were hired out as contractors for a given time at specific rates . 38
Between 1903 and 1904, the weli-known Jefferson City architectural firm of Miller and Opel
was contracted to design a state female prison and a state twine factory, costing $100,000 and
$50,000 respectively, within the confines of t he Missouri State Penitentiary.39 In 1903, the
prison complex consisted of five shoe factories with a collective output of 10,000 pairs of shoes
dai1 y, one of the largest saddletree factories in the world, and a workingmen 's clothes factory,
while a binding twine plant, with an annual output of three million pounds of high-grade binder
twine, was added in 1905.40
By the early twentieth century, the p e nitentiary had become the "industrial heart of Jefferson
City. "41 Contained within its walls was the Star Clothing Company owned by James Houchin
and employing approximately 1,000 male and female convicts.42 Houchin also owned the
People's Overall Company which sent wagons around to the homes of poorer residents in
Jefferson City delivering and coliecting work which th ese individuals conducted in their own
homes.4 3 The Economy Stay Company , which was run by Charles Pearce, employed
physically handicapped inmates in the manufacture of shoe stays.44 The No. 3 Harness Works
produced 15,000 sets of harnesses per annum .45 State-run busines ses wi thin the prison in cl uded
a clothing factory, laundry, and carpenter shop. 46 By 1905, the Missouri State Penitentiary had
become the larges t single institution of its kind in the United States, enclosing fifteen acres
within its walls. 47
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 12
Historic Overview
Buildings associated with the peniten tiary were also found outside the prison walls. On e no ta ble
examp le wa s a bran c h of J. S. Su ll ivan 's sadd le tr ee factory loca ted on th e southwe st corne r of
E. Wa ter (n ow Sta te) and Lafayet te Streets and show n on the 1892 ~:tnho1n Mao . By 1898 , this
bu ilding was co nver ted into in dividual war ehouses fo r sole leather, saddler rees and hides, paper
bo x and sh oe fi ndin gs, box lu mb er , and lea th er. Sa nborn Mao evide nce f ro m 1923 suggests the
continued own er ship of th e buil ding by t he Mis souri Sta te Peni ten tiary, but changing fu nctions
within . In 1923, the buildin g hou sed p riso n broom, State Highway De partm ent , pri so n garage ,
pri son leather, and prison cement warehou ses. The 1923 Sanborn Map al so indic at es a pri son
broom warehouse on the southwe st corner of E . Water and Marshall Streets .
The population of the penitentiary continued to rise so that by 1936, 4,473 pri soners were
serving time within its walls. The number de creased sligh tly in 1937 to 4,278 (4,202 males and
76 females).4 8 With the decline in industry within the penitentiary, the farming opportuni ties
presented within and around the prison were utilized on a large scale in the 1930s.49 The
Missouri State Penitentiary gained national attention following the fifteen-hour riot that took
place there beginning at 6 p.m. on September 22, 1954. The riot resulted from dissatisfaction
among inmates concerning food, living conditions, medical attention, and the impartiality of the
parole board. 50 The riot in "th e bloodiest 47 acres in America" left five prisoners dead, several
guards and inmates injured, seven buildings in ashes, and three to five million dollars property
damage. 5 1
Mid to Late Nineteenth Century Development
The Civil War stunted the growth of Jefferson City. At the start of the war, Governor Claiborn
Fox Jackson, accompanied by several state officials who supported the Confederacy, left
Jefferson City with the state seal. They travelled to Arkansas where Jackson died and his
li eutenant-governor, Thomas Reynolds, assumed the office of Governor of Missouri. They
continued onto Marshall, Texas where Reynolds established th e Confederate Capital of
Missouri . 52 During his absence, a provisional Governor of Missouri was elected, and fulfilled
the office of governor from Jefferson City until the war ended .
By 1868, the town consisted of residences widely scattered across th e undulating landscape,
connected by streets with coarse, unpaved surfaces and dimly li t by coal oil lamps perched on
top of poles.53 Several boarding houses and hotels existed to ac commodate the influx of
legislators and visitors to the offices of the sta te governm ent. Frank Miller, originally from
Silver Spring, Maryland, worked as an architect in Jefferson Ci ty ; he r ecalled that the limits of
the city in terms of population in the late 1860s and early 1870s were the Missouri Ri ver to the
north, Dunklin Street to the sou th , and the Catholic cemetery to the west; the eastern boundary
was inaccurately defined.54 No paved streets existed in Jefferson City until th e 1880s and, up
until that time, the sidewalks were constructed of boards, bricks, and flagstones. 55
A newspaper report from January 5, 18 87 indi cated th at an elec tric light plant was und er
cons tru ction at that tim e . 56 It was owned by W. W. Wagner, J. C. Fisher, and C. H. Parker
and cost $18,000 to con struct. 57 In November 1887, a merger took pla ce between the Wagner-
Fisher Electric Company and the Jefferson City Gas Company .58 A proposal to construct
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 13
Historic Uvervtew
waterworks for Jefferson City was passed in 1888 and the project was underway the following
year.59 A visi tor to Jeffe rson City in Au g ust 1889, remarked that the city cons is ted of two
g oo d streets and one good wagon road. 60 One of the se streets e nded a t the peniten tiary whil e
the o th er street ter min a ted at th e ceme tery. In 189 ~. an o r di nance to ha ve the gas st reet l ig hts
r epl aced by elec tri c li g ht s was ratified.61 The i nstall a ti on of el ectri c lig ht s in state build i ng s
a ls o took place th a t year. 62 A bridge ac ro ss the Mis so uri River was construc ted in 1895 at a
co st of $225,000 and opened on February 17, 1896.63 On March 12, 1896, an editorial in the
State Republican newspaper claimed that Jefferson City had "twenty bridges cross ing small
streams, and about forty miles of macadamized roads and streets ... a brewery and ice plant
... [and was] lighted by forty arc lights that bum all night. "64 The 1897-1898 City Directory
reported that Jefferson City was served by three railroad lines at that time: the Missouri Pacific;
the Chicago and Alton and Missouri; and the Kansas and Texas. The directory also lists some
of the contributions to the built environment, either completed or in progress, over the course
of those two years including a $200,000 bridge across the Missouri River, a $60,000 court
house, a flour mill, four new churches at a total cos t of $25,000, a new $30,000 sewer system,
a $50,000 hotel, an opera house, a four-story bank building, a $20,000 improvement to the
street and sidewalk infrastructure in addition to several new business premises and residences. 65
Even though Jefferson City had acquired the distinction of Missouri's capital in 1821, that
decision did not go uncontested with Sedalia mounting the most serious threat to the r etention
of J efferson City's status as the state capital. The destruction of the capitol on two occasions
fueled the debate and did little to qu ell the uncertainty surroun ding Jefferson City's future. The
controversy was resolved in 1911 following a state-wide bond issue voted on by the residents
of Missouri which forever established Jefferson City as the state's capital. Following this
decision and in the aftermath of the fire of 1911, construction began on the present capitol which
cost $4,500,000 and was dedicated in 1924.
Manufacturine
In 1909, Jefferson City, which had a population of over 10,000, led all Missouri cities in terms
of manufacturing with $5,446,000 worth of manufactures and employing 1,572 individuals.66
Much of this manufacturing output can be attributed to the convict labor employed by the
penitentiary and to the development of the boot and shoe industry. Like other Missouri River
towns, Jefferson City offered low taxes and rentals, cheap labor, and competitive freight rates
to shoe industries wishing to locate there. 67 Jefferson City was the second largest producer of
foo twear west of the Allegheny Mountains in the early twentieth century.68 In 1900, five shoe
factories were in operation within the walls of the penitentiary.69 Producing the combined daily
output of 7,000 pairs of shoes were 1,500 male inmates earning fifty cents per day and thirty
women earning thirty cents per day.70 By 1904, the number of shoe manufacturers within the
prison had decreased to four: Bruns Manufacturing Company, Giesecke-D'Oench-Hays Shoe
Company, L. S. Parker Shoe Company, and A. Priesmeyer Shoe Company.71 The A.
Priesmeyer Shoe Company was in operation in Jefferson City since 1874 with John Tweedie,
Sr., a native of Scotland, manager and one of the company organizers.72 The company
enlarged its operation and incorporated the business in 1889.73 In the 1910s, the company
occupied a 45 by 178 foot, four-story bu ilding with a basement and employed 420 operators.74
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 14
r
Historic Overview
The plant, under the supervision of president and general manager Charl es T weed ie , had the
capacity of producing 2 ,000 pairs of shoes daily in the 19 10s.75 City dir ectori es also indicate
that th e Pri esmeyer Shoe Company operated at 108 -11 0 Jefferson Stree t in addition to its prison
1ocati o n .76 In 1 9~1, the company ch ang ed i ts na me to the Tw eedie Footwear Co rp oration with
Charles Tweedie r etaining the posi tion of president and general ma nag er.77
Three shoe companies were id e ntified in the 1908 -1909 Ci ty D irectory as still in operation:
Giesecke-D'Oench-Hays Shoe Company at 1101 East Main Street (n ow E. Capitol Avenue), th e
Parker Boot and Shoe Manufacturing Company, and the Vau g han Monnig Shoe Company in si de
the Missouri State Penitentiary. Still prominent in the built environment of the Historic East
Surv ey Area is the International Shoe Company (originally the Gi esecke-D'Oench-Hays Shoe
Company) building , whi ch later had an address change to 1015 East Capitol Aven ue outside th e
penitentiary walls. The Roberts, Johnson, and Rand branch of the International Shoe Company
was established in Jefferson Ci ty in 1911 at 417 Bolivar Street--formerly the bu si ness premises
of the Courtney Shoe Company.78 The 1911-1912 City Directory li sts the Friedman-Shelby
Shoe Company at 1101 East Main Street which two years earlier was still the business premises
of Giesecke-D 'Oench-Hays Shoe Company.79 By 1915, th is building was listed in the Ci ty
Directory as 1015 East Main Street and had become the Friedman-Shelb y branch of the
International Shoe Company. 80 With the manufacture of such a wide variety of footwear within
the Historic Eas t Survey Area, several retail outlets emerged ; among them , the East End Shoe
Store at 1001 East High Street (which is no lon ger extant). 8 1
In addition to conducting business in th e Hi storic East area, several individuals involved in the
manufacture of footwear resided in the neighborhood . One of the more notable footwear
manufacturers to reside in the Historic East was John Tweedie, Sr., who lived at 601 East High
Street. Tweedie was born in Moffat, Dumfries Shire in Scotland on September 28, 1838.82
He learned his trade at an early age in his father's shop before his immig ration to America in
1856.83 He practiced his profession in New York and, with Cochran and Linden shoe
manufacturers, in St. Louis before accepting a job as foreman with A. Priesmeyer and Company
al so of St. Louis in 1872 . In 1874, he arrived in Jefferson City--with secretary and treasurer
of the A. Priesmeyer Shoe Company, Henry F. Priesmeyer--to take charge of the Jefferson City
branch of the company .84 At least two of his te n children worked in their f ather's busin ess
with John, Jr. in charge of the trimming and heeling departm ent an d Charles J. as an assistant
to his fa th er before taking charge of the company and changi ng its name to the Tweedie
Footwear Corporation in 1921.85
Several International Shoe Company employees re sided in Park Place Addition and this may
r epresent an area of planned housing by the company or a mon g several companies to induce
skill ed labor to remain in the area and to reduce the transi ence in the skilled work force in
addition to providin g some in come for the company. 86 In suc h areas, atten tion was given to
good design, sound construc tion, and to the provision of utilities . Th e planned nature of the
1000 and 1100 blocks b etween E. Capitol Ave nue and E. High Str eet an d this section's
proximity to the International Shoe Company building ten ds to support the noti on of company
hou sing. This area's coverage in the 1908 San born M ap indicates tha t these properties were
important enough to be insured even though several blocks to their sout h and southwest nearer
J effe rson City Historic East Survey page 15
n1.swnc uvervtew
The plant, under t~e supervisio.n of president .an~ general m~;ger. Ch~les T:'eedie, .ha~ the
c apacity of producmg 2 ,000 prurs of shoes druly m the 1910s. C1ty d.1rec to~~s als~ md1~ate
th a t the Pries me yer Shoe Company operated at 108-110 Je fferson Street m add1t10n to 1ts pnson
location . 76 In 192 1 , the compan y ch a nged i ts nam e to th e Tweedie F oot wear C orporat ion w i th
Charles T weed ie retaining th e pos iti o n o f p residen t and gene ra l manager.77
Three shoe companies were identified in the 1908-1909 City Directory as still in operation:
G ie secke-D'Oenc h-Ha ys Shoe Company at 1101 East Main Street (now E . Capitol Avenue), the
Parker Boot and Shoe Manufacturing Company, and the Vaughan Monnig Shoe Company inside
the Missouri State Penitentiary. Still prominent in the built environment of the Historic East
Survey Area is the International Shoe Company (originally the Giesecke-D'Oench-Hays Shoe
Company) building, which later had an address change to 1015 East Capitol Avenue outside the
penitentiary walls. The Roberts, Johnson, and Rand branch of the International Shoe Company
was established in Jeffers on City in 1911 at 417 Bolivar Street--formerly the business premises
of the Courtney Shoe Company.78 The 1911-1912 City Directory lists the Friedman-Shelby
Shoe Company at 1101 East Main Street which two years earlier was still the business premises
of Giesecke-D'Oench-Hays Shoe Company.79 By 1915, this building was listed in the City
Directory as 1015 East Main Street and had become the Friedman-Shelby branch of the
International Shoe Company. 80 With the manufacture of such a wide variety of footwear within
the Hi storic East Survey Area, several retail outlets emerged; among them, the East End Shoe
Store at 1001 East High Street (which is no longer extant). 81
In addition to conducting business in the Historic East area, several individuals involved in the
manufacture of footwear resided in the neighborhood . One of the more notable footwear
manufacturers to reside in th e Historic East was John Tweedie, Sr., who lived a t 601 East High
Street. Tweedie was born in Moffat, Dumfries Shire in Scotland on September 28, 1838_82
He learned his trade at an early age in his father's shop before his immigration to America in
1856.83 He practiced his profession in New York and, with Cochran and Linden shoe
manufacturers, in St. Louis before accepting a job as foreman with A. Priesmeyer and Company
also of St. Louis in 1872. In 1874, he arrived in Jefferson City--with secretary and treasurer
of the A. Priesmeyer Shoe Company, Henry F. Priesmeyer--to take charge of the Jefferson City
branch of the company.84 At least two of his te n chi ldre n worked in their father's business
with John, Jr. in charge of the trimming and heeling department and Charles J. as a n assistant
to his father before taking charge of the company and changing its name to the Tweedie
Footwear Corporation in 1921.85
Several International Shoe Company employees resided in Park Place Addition and this may
represent an area of planned housing by the company or among several companies to induce
skilled labor to remain in the area and to reduce the tran sience in the skilled work force in
addition to providing some income for the company . 86 In such areas, attention was give n to
good design, sound construction, and to the provision of utilities. The planned nature of the
1000 and 1100 blocks between E. Capitol Avenue and E. High Street and this section's
proximity to the International Shoe Company building tends to support the notion of company
hou sing. This area's coverage in the 1908 Sanborn Map indicates that the se properties were
important enoug h to be insured even though several blocks to their south and southwest nearer
J efferson City Historic East Survey page 15
I
I
Historic Overview
the central busin ess distri c t were not. The 1915 City Directory reveals th a t severa l resid ents
along Pine Street, Olive Street, and Park Place Avenue were e mployed at the In tern atio nal Sh oe
C o mpany whil e o the r res id e nts w orked for the Mi ss ou ri Pac ifi c Railroad and the Mi sso uri State
P e niten t iary or compani es th er e in.
D evel opment of the Historic East Nei~hborhood
Sanborn M a p coverage reinforces the notion that Jefferson City expanded from west to east.
Sanborn M a p evidence indicate s that E. Water Street and E . Main Street within the Historic East
neighborhood had their names changed to State Street and E. McCarty Street respective! y.
O ccas ionally, as de nsity within blocks increased, address es would chang e. Investi gation of
Sanborn M a ps sugg est th a t the main axis of commercial development within the H istoric East
neighborhood was along E. High Street. Often, the mo st inten se commercial developments took
place at the intersections of east-west and north-sou th streets thu s appealing to a larger number
of customers . Once a core of business was estab li shed, new bu si nesses were opened ne xt door
to, or in the vicinity of, successfu l existing enterprises. The development of two commercial
nodes demonstrates the increase in commercial activity along E. High Street in th e Historic East
neighborhood.
The larger node developed along the 600 block of E. High Street. The 1898 Sanborn Map
shows a bakery at 63 1 E. High Street, grocery stores at 632 and 633 E. High Street, a meat
store at 630 E. Hig h Street, and a drug store at 700 E. High Street. By 1908, the commercial
node included a bakery at 626 E. High street , and a dry goods store at 628 E. High Street, while
the infilling of the space between these two businesse s allowed for the establishment of a
barber's shop. A drug store operated at 630 E . High Street (as it does today). By 1940, the
commercial node had intensified along the 600 block of E. High Street including both
intersections, with nine stores, two restaurants, one awning factory, and one uph olst ering
bu siness.
A smaller node was located along the 300 block of Ash Street, with a saloon at 30 1 A sh Street
and a blacksmith's shop at 305 Ash Street identified on the 1898 Sanborn Map. By 1908, th at
commercial node had expanded to include a hotel (301 Ash Street), a saloon (303 A sh Street),
and a blacksmith's shop (305 Ash Street). Commercial activity spread onto E. High Street with
grocer's shops a t 900-902, 908, and 913 E . Hig h Street, while Fairvie w Sc hool occupied the
northeast corner of Chestnut and East Hi g h Streets. Further expansion of commercial and other
activity in this area is indicated by the 1923 Sanborn Map. Along E. High Str eet from Chestnut
Street east to and south along Ash Street, five stores, two bakeries, one garage, one fillin g
station, one hotel , one creamery, a school for th e bl ind, and Fairview Public School can be
identified. The 1940 the Sanborn Map identifi e s seven stores, two furnitu re stores, two
r estaurants, one garage, one filling station, one bakery, and a dai ry located along th e E. Hi gh
and A sh Streets commercial node .
By 1 940, Sanborn M ap coverage extends far enough east to allow the identifi cation of another
c omme rcial node containing eight stores, one filling station, and one tin shop within the Hi s to ric
East neighborhood along the 400 and 500 bloc ks of Clark A venu e.
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 16
Historic Overview
II
A street car lin e operated from 19 11 to 1934 from the central business district to Ash along E. '-
High Street, south to E . McCarty, east to Clark Avenue, and west to the central busin ess di strict I r
along E . McCarty. Prior to 19 32, th e north side of E. M cCarty Street was zoned for
commer cial u se since E. McCarty Street operated as U .S. Rghway 50/63 until the opening of
the Rex Whitton Expressway. The first zoning ordinance to be adopted by the ci ty was on
September 12, 1932. At that ti m e, the In ternational Shoe Company fac to ry, the Missouri Pacific
Railroad, areas adjacent to an d northeast of the Central Business Di strict, an d along E. Hi gh l.
Street from Adams Street to Lafayette Street (within the Historic East neighborhood) were zoned
as light industrial . An area from Lafayette Street along E . High Street to its intersection with r:
Ash Street and from E. High Street along Lafayette Street to its intersection with E. McCarty ll
Street was zoned as commercial . Mo st of the remainder of the neighborhood was zoned for
multi-family dwellings. These hi stori c land use designations are still in evidence today in th e [
built environment of the H istoric East neighborhood. l.l
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 17
~
[I
I
Architectural Styles and Building Types
The architectural styles and building ty pes of the neighborhood r e fl ect the patterns of
development of the neighborhood, th e variety of residents, and the typical styles and types of
the tim e periods represented in the neighborhood--c. 18 65 -c. 1940, with one building dating
to c. 1830. A full array of styles and types may be found in the neighborhood . However,
overall, the majority of th e buildings can be characterized as vernacular, that is, not being a
historic architectural s tyle. Many vernacular hou ses may be identified and grouped as h ouse
types or building types according to th eir fo r ms and p lan s hapes. Over fifty-five percent of the
buildings in the Historic East are vernacular. The forms identified in this s urv ey area include
folk forms and more common houses built by local tradesmen in spired by the popular media of
plan books and catalogues. While organization of space, proportion, and scale provide indices
for stylistic analysis, ornament is the most obvious ind ex of style Y
The most abundant house type in the recommended historic districts is the Four Square. This
form emerged in the late nineteenth century and was most popular in the first three decades of
the tw en tieth century. One of the reasons for its popularity a t this time was the availability and
a bundance of mass produced stock materials and the adoption of utilitarian design which
dominated newer towns of the Middle West. 88 Buildings of this form are two or two and one-
half s tory structures with a nearly square perimeter plan containing three or four rooms on each
floor; attic dormers are a common feature while central hallways are frequently absent. 89
Thirty-five examples of th is form are evident in th e r ecommended historic districts in addition
to several other build ings with th e Four Square form mix ed with styles. Examples of this form
are 405 E. Capitol Avenue (#14), 815 E. High Street (#112), 1104 E. McCarty Street (#283),
500 E. Miller Street (#323), and 409 Lafayette Street (#430).
The Bungalow house type became popular in th e United States in the early decades of th e
twen ti eth century at a time when the costs of building materials and construction labor was
rapidly i ncreasing as were th e costs of heating and domestic help .90 "The id eal middle class
d welling underwent a major transformation [in t he early twentieth century] from an exuberant,
highly personalized display of irregular shapes, picturesque contrasts, and varieties of ornament,
supposedly symboli zi ng the uni queness of t he family, to a restrained and simple dwelling" such
as the Bungalow . 9 1 Bungalow plans stressed simple, informal plann in g w i th an emphasis on
utility and convenience. 92 Bungalows exist throughout the recommended hi storic districts, in
addition to 508 Jackson Street (#359) which is r ecommended for individual eligibility to th e
National Register as an excellent example of this form, constructed in 191 6. Five good
examples of this house form constructed c. 1935 occur in the 400 block of Locust Street within
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 18
ArchitecturaL Styles and lJulLdmg 1ypes
th e r ecommended East McCarty Street His toric District. They are 403 (#526), 405 (#527), 407
(#5 28), 409 (#5 29), 411 (#5 30), and 413 (#5 31) Locus t Street.
Bungalows ar :-th e second most common building form in the r ecommended historic di stricts.
These 1-1/2 story bui ldings, often built on high basements, exh ibit such featu r es as w i de
projecti ng eaves, e xp osed brac ke ts, large front po rc hes , prominen t c himn ey s, many wi ndows,
r-
1
and l arge simple sid e gabl e roof s whi c h sweep o ut be yond the wal ls.93 The use of natural [
materials in their construc tion was another atte mpt to emphasi ze the bl ending of indoor and If
o u tdoo r spaces. 94 As a result, the Craftsman style or influence can be seen in some of th ese
buildings. The Craftsman sty l e originated in southern California and became the dominant style r:::
for smaller houses built throughout the country between 1905 and the early 1920s.95 This style Lf
is u sually characterized by low-pitched gable roofs, unenclosed eave overhangs, exposed roof
rafters, decorative fal se beams or braces added under gables, and full -or partial-width porches r.
with tapered square columns supporting porch roofs.96 Three examples of the Bungalow form
employing the use of native rock in the recommended historic districts still survive at 1209 E.
McCarty Street (#244), 716 E. McCarty Street (#267), and 416 Cherry Street (#453).
The influence of local craftsmen wi thin the recommended historic districts was not confined to
the Bungalow form . An example of th e Gabled Ell house type with native rock construction is
800 E . McCarty Street (#271), while 310 Benton Street (#566) employs native rock construction
in both the house and its single-car garage. Several notable examples of native rock masonry
exist within the survey area but outside the recommended historic districts. They include three
nearly identical buildings at 207 Dawson Street (#554), 209 Dawson Street (#555), and 1213 E.
High Street (#129), all constructed c. 1925-1930. At 1201 E. High Street (#125), the use of
native rock masonry is employed as a historic alteration on a brick building with Queen Anne
influenc e.
Open Gable (sometimes referred to as Gable Front) houses became popular in the second
quarter of the nineteenth century when Greek Revival design was in fashion.97 Those Open
Gable houses which were constructed in the nineteenth century often have the side hallway plan
common in the Greek Revival design, while twentieth century buildings of this form have a
centrally located door but no hallway. 98 The occurrence of the Open Gable house may reflect
the simple adaptation of rotating a double-pile house to fit a narrow lot or a scaled down
im itat ion of the similar looking but more spacious Southern Bungalow.99 The major axis of
the Open Gable house, with its usually three-bay facade, was perpendic ular to the s treet.
Fourteen examples of the Open Gable form exist within the recommended historic districts
including 514 E. Capitol Avenue (#24), 307 Cherry Street (#463), 818 E . McCarty Street
(#278), 406 Chestnut Street (#474), and 201 Pine Street (#5 15 ). Two examples of the Open
Ga ble form with Bungalow influence exist within the recommended East End Historic District
at 711 E. McCarty Street (#206) and 305 Cherry Street (#462). Open Gable houses with
gambre l roofs emer g ed due to local builder preferences and client tastes inspired by pattern
books or catalogues. 100 Two examples of the Open Gable house with gambrel roof within the
su rv ey area are 412-414 E. State Street (#2) and 901 E . Capitol Ave nue (#34).
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 19
Architectural Styles and Building Types
Gabled Ell houses were promoted in plan books of the middle and late nineteenth c entury and
the hou se catalogs of the early twe nti e th century, in ass ociation wi th developments i n balloo n
f r a me construc ti o n and improved stoves . 10 1 D es pite the fact that these b uild ings are no t folk
derived , th ei r adop tio n may have been influenced by traditional folk forms found i n th i s a rea.
T he G a bl ed E ll for m has a m ul tiple gable or , less freque ntly , a multiple hip roof.102 In other
wo rd s , th e mai n b ui lding block has a s ing le rid ge lin e. The floo r pl an of the G abled El l h o use
comprise s a single integrated whol e so th e r e moval of the w ing from the Gabled Ell wi th its L
or T-plan would result in the division and destru c tion of interior living spaces.103
The distribution of the Gabled Ell form "appears to reflect the idiosyncraci es of individual town
growth in the late nineteenth century. Those towns th at grew vigorously in the 1880s and 1890s
as a res ult of an improved railroad network required substantial numbers of working class
dwellings."104 The 1897-1898 City Directory indicates that three railroad lines (Missouri
Pacific, Chicago and Alton and Missouri, and Kan sas and Texas) passed through Jefferson City
in the late nineteenth century, while the dates of constru ction attributed to Gabled Ell houses in
the survey area represent a period of development and expansion. Gabled Ell houses served the
housing needs of both middle and lower class families, varying in size accordingly. 105
The adoption of the Gabled Ell form may also demonstrate individual builder preference. The
Gabled Ell house was one of the most widely replicated plan types by builders within their
communities. 106 Several contractors and builders resided or operated a business in the Historic
East neighborhood in the early twentieth century. Among those listed in the 192 1 City Directory
were Ernst H . Braun (212 Lafayette Street), Henry K. Diggs (302 Chestnut Street), Ewing B.
Kenney (702-1/2 E. McCarty Street), Charles Kramp (104-1/2 Lafayette Street), and John W.
Suggett (520 E. Water Street, now State Street). Many of the buildings which emerged in the
rapidly expanding settlement of Jefferson City at the tum of the century were not designed by
architects on an individual basis. Instead, contractors and builders (such as those fore-
mentioned) constructed houses based on the same plan replicated several times with only minor
variations. An advertisement in the 1897-1898 City Directory would tend to support this
argument; it read:
ERNST BRA UN, Architect, Contractor and Builder, Plans and Specificati ons
furnished on application, and all work attended to promptly. Build your house
now before property goes up higher. Fine Cabinet Work a Specialty . Call and
see me. SHOP: REAR 217 MADISON. Jefferson City, Missouri.
Historic alterations and additions have been made to many build ings in the Historic East Survey
Area and evidence from the 1931 City Directory indicated that at least one building contractor,
J. A. Leuthen, who operated from his business premi ses at 903 E. M c Carty Street, specialized
in "Repairs and Alterations."
The occurrence of the Pyramidal Cottage form in two of the recommended historic dis tri c ts also
suggests the influence of individual builders on the built environment of Jefferson City. The
Pyramidal Cottage is associated with areas where utilitarian builder designs overshadow
traditional folk designs. 107 In general, many buildings of th is form were built on speculation
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 20
ArchitecturaL :styles ana Huuamg 1ypes
for humble households at a time when stock materials first became widely available.108 The
form is characterized by a one or one and one-half story building with a pyramidal roof and a
cen tral ch imn ey at or n~ the apex of the roof.109 Th e floor plan of the main bui ldin g block
usually cons ists of four rooms of unequal size .11 0 The Pyramidal Cottage also has a regional
association with the South. Exampl es of th is house form occur at 814 rear E. Capi tol Avenue
(#68), 622 E. M cCarty Street, and 412 Cherry Street (#451), while a variation of this form can
be found a t 207 Olive Street (#540).
The frequency of the Side Hall Plan house type suggests the presence of middle class r esidents
in the survey area. 111 This form was well suited to narrow city lots which emerged in parts
of Jeffe rson City and continued to be built in urban settings as row houses until the end of the
Victorian Era despite i ts decrease in frequency in rural areas after the mid-nineteenth
century.112 Their occurrence suggests the extension of th e Pennsylvania culture region.11 3
This two, or two and one-half, story house form with a gable roof is two rooms deep, but is
only of sufficient width for one room and a side hallway containing a staircase.114 Examples
of this form within the recommended historic districts include 610 State Street (#10), 419 E.
Capitol Avenue (#19), 307 Lafayette Street (#423), and 312 Cherry Street (#445) in addition to
seven examples along the south side of the 500 block of E. Capitol Avenue. Prior to the Civil
War, these buildings displayed Greek Revival stylistic feat ures whereas, after the Civil War,
affluent middle class dwellings of this form often carried Italianate omamentation.115 One
example of an Italianate influenced Side Hall Plan house is 518A E. High Street (#136),
constructed c. 1870. Seven other examples of this Side Hall Plan form with Italianate
style/influence exist in the proposed East End Historic District. They are 407 (#15), 417 (#18),
504-506 (#45), 522 (#50), 606 (#54), and 712 (#61) E. Capitol Avenue and 726 E. High Street
(#157).
Only two examples of the Shotgun form--one at 1107 E. McCarty Street (#288) and the other
with Spanish Eclectic s tyling at 317 Lafayette Street (#427)--occur within the recommended
National Register h is toric districts. Their absence is re markable since this form is well-suited
to working class neighborhoods where residential lots of modest width prevail and has a close
association with African-American communities.11 6 Clearly, portions of the survey area had
a historic working class character in addition to a considerable African -American community.
The absence of th e Shotgun form may be due to the lack of adoption by local individuals,
builders , or contractors since this form is most common along the waterways of the lower
Mississippi River valley, sou th eas tern Texas, and along the Gulf of Mexico coast.11 7
Investigation of Sanborn Maps tends to verify the absence of Shotgun dwe llings in th e survey
area hi storical] y .
The earl y Gennan Vernacular house form of which several exa mples are extant in th e
recommended Eas t E nd Historic District is defined as one-story, si ngle-pile, brick hou ses with
a five-bay facade and side gable roof. Due to their age (c. 1860-1880) and simple for m , these
buildings have been s usceptible to alteration, for example, the addition of an entrance stoop with
cover or stucco wall treatment. Th ese buildings are indicative of the German influence on the
built environment with many German immigrants in J efferson City entering the building trade
as carpenters, bu ild ers, or con tractors. In town s such as Jefferson City the use of brick for the
Jefferson City Histon'c East Survey page 21
Architectural Styles and Building Types
purposes of construction was more affordable and traditionally preferred by Germans over wood
or st one as a construction ma terial. 11 8 Th e manu facture of bri ck had beg un in Jeffer son Ci ty
p rior to 1826 .119 Exam ples of thi s hous e fo rm in clu d:: 320 Cherry Stree t (#44 8), 406 Ch erry
St re et (#4 50), c.s well as several alte red ex ai nples on L~ sout h si de of the 700 block of E. H igh
S treet.
At 1101 E . Capitol Avenue stands an exampl e of the Industrial building type. This building
housed various shoe manufacturing companies including Giesecke Shoe Manufacturin g Company,
Giesecke-D'Oench-Hays Shoe Company, Friedman-Shelby Shoe Company, and International
Shoe Company. This building is characteristic of the form promoted by such architects as
Albert Kahn (1869-1942) in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuri es. These architects
analyzed the problem of modern factory design and distinguished between the architecture of
utility and the architecture of ceremony.12° Care and emphasis in designing these buildings
were given to expansive window openings which made use of natural lighting and
ventilation. 12 1 The use of natural lighting and ventilation is emphasized by the number of
windows on the fron t and side elevations. Another characterist ic of this Industrial building type
is the location of administrative offices toward the front of the building.
While the built environment of the Historic East neighborhood was largely influenced by local
contractors and builders, the contribution of architects deserves attention. In the case of the
Historic East, Charles Opel was responsible for designing several buildings including Ivy
Terrace which was the home of Governor Lawrence V. Stephens (#44), 601 E. High Street
which was the home of shoe manufacturer John Tweedie, Sr.(#96), and part of the Missouri
State Penitentiary complex.122 Charles Opel was born in Jefferson City on June 23, 1857 and
was the son of Adam and Charlotte Opel.123 Adam Opel, born in Bavaria, Germany on July
31, 1821, was a successful contractor and builder in Jefferson City having arrived there in
1852.124 Charles Opel began his professional career as a cabinet maker and assisted his father
before entering into partnership with him in 1882.125 Many of Opel's architectural
contributions to Jefferson City were commissioned by the city's elite or insti tuti onal
organizations including Governor L. V. Stephens, Postmaster George F. Robinson, grocery
merchant M. R. Sinks, attorney Joseph R. Edwards, Captain W. H. Bradbury, shoe
manufacturers John Tweedie, Sr. and H. F. Priesmeyer, Lincoln Institute (now Lincoln
University), the State of Missouri (for an addition to the Missouri State Pe nitentiary), the First
and Second Baptist Churches , and the Schultz store. 126 Op el operated his business under
several partnerships which suggests the expansion of his bu siness enterprise. The 1897-1898
City Directory contains a half page advertisement for "Chas. Opel & Co., Architects ." The
advertisement in cluded a photograph of Ivy Terrace (#44) and read:
We have designed and constructed many of the best residences and public
buildings in the city and surrounding town s. We solicit your patronage. Send
to us for sketches --they wi ll cost you nothing. We can plan or erect anything you
want in the building li ne.
The address of his business at that time was 213 Madison Street. The 1904 -1905 City Directory
advertises the services of "[F.B.] Miller and [Charles] Opel, Architects, Jefferson City and
Jefferso n City Historic East Survey page 22
Architectural Styles and Building Types
Columbia, MO" from their business at 201 E. High Street. The 1911-1912 Ci ty Direc tory lists I
the company of "Miller, Op el and Torbitt , Architects," with offices in Jefferson City, Kansas II
C ity and Sprin :-fiel d , Mi sso uri. I nd eed, Opel 's co ntribution to the b u ilt environment goe5
beyond Jeffers on Ci ty with bu i ld ing s in R ussellvi lle a nd Cali fo rni a, M issouri. 127 Like ma ny
professio na l s in the l a te n ineteenth and early twen tieth c entury , Ope l ma de his "co mf ortable
ho me ... in the we stern suburb s of the c ity" rather than in the Hi storic Eas t. 128
In terms of stylistic features, those associated with the Queen Anne style (1880-1910) or
influence are most apparent. Thirty-fou r of the buildings within recommended National Register
historic districts, the individually-eligible building at 518B E. High Street (#137), and several
buildings with mixed styles and forms exhibit Queen Anne stylistic features. Characteristic
features of this style include a steeply pitched, irregularly shaped roof, a dominating front-facing
gable, an asymmetrical facade with partial or full -width porch extending along one or both side
elevations, patterned shingles, and cutaway bay windows.129 Two notable buildings in the
recommended East End Historic District exhibiting the Queen Anne style have already been
listed in the National Register: Ivy Terrace, 500 E. Capitol Avenue (#44) built in 1893 and
listed on March 16, 1990 an d the Warden's House, 700 E. Capitol Avenue (#60) constructed
c. 1887-1888 and listed on October 24, 1991. Other notable examples of the Queen Anne style
that fall within recommended historic districts are 601 E. High Street (#96) and 712 E. High
Street (#152). A good example of a building with a mixed style and form is 1115 Park Place
Avenue (#80). The building has a Gabled Ell form, however, its sawn shingles and bargeboard
hint at a Queen Anne influence.
The ltalianate style (1840-1885) or influence is found on many buildings in the recommended
East End Historic District and the East McCarty Street Historic District, in addition to several
buildings with mixed forms and styles; in particular, the Side Hall Plan house with Italianate
styling discussed earlier. Characteristics of this style include a two or three story building, a
low-pitched roof, widely overhanging eaves with decorative brackets beneath, tall narrow
windows often with elaborated hood molds (inverted U-shape), and occasionally a square cupola
or towerY0 Examples of the Italianate style are 731 E. High Street (#110), 728 E. High
Street (#158), 1102 E. McCarty Street (#282), and 1116 E. McCarty Street (#287) in addition
to the Italianate Side Hall Plan forms discussed earlier.
Only two examples of the French Second Empire style exist in the survey area. The building
at 413A-D E. Capitol Avenue (#17) in the recommended East End Historic District is a good
example of this style. This building originally operated as a duplex but now contains eight
apartments . The only other building with French Second Empire styling is the National
Cemetery Caretaker's House (now the Missouri Heritage Trust building) at 1024 E. McCarty
Street (#28 1).
Among the other Jess-abundant styles represented is Italian /Spanish Revival with an excellent
example at 601 E. Capitol Avenue (#30). This apartment building (Bella Vista Apartments),
constructed in 1928, is within the recommended East End Historic District. Only one building,
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 23
Architectural Styles and Building Types
the Prin ce Edward Apartments a t 208 Mar shal l Street (#373 ), ex hibits the A 1t Deco influence.
The styl e i s seen es pecially in the exce llent detai ling on the bu il din g 's entryway.
Fo rt y-th ree b uil dings i n th e reco m mended historic districts we re c lass ified as hav ing mi xed sty les
and /or form s. Th ree of th e bu il di ngs in dividual ly elig ible to the Nat ional Regis ter are class ified
as mixed: 505 State Street (#1) has Neo-Clas sical and Georgian Rev ival styli stic fea tures , 503
E. Hi gh Street (1191) is from the Antebellum period and exhibits a Neo-Clas sical portico, while
518A E. High Street (#136) is an It.alianate influenced Side Hall Plan hou se.
Eig hty -nine of the buildin gs within reco mm ended hi storic districts are classified as having no
style or typ e . Many of th ese buildings still co ntribute to the se nse of historic time and pl ace
characteri stic of th e recommended hi storic di stricts , how eve r, th ey do not fit into any
architectural style or defin able vernacular building-type category. The buildings at 900-902 E.
Hi gh Street (#164) and 1006 E. Hi g h Street (#167), r ecomme nd ed as in dividually eligible to th e
National Re g ister, are cla ss ified as having no styl e or form. Howev er, the fut ur e creat ion of
property types as part of a Multiple Property Documentation submission may allow them to be
classified under a co mm ercial prop erty type and a multi-fami ly prop erty type respectively.
Indeed, several buildings in the r eco mmended historic districts served a commercial or multi-
residential function but th ey can not be easily cla ss ified as specific comm ercial building typ es
or vernacular form s .
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 24
National Register of Historic Places
Backeround
The National Register of Historic Places is the official list of histori c properties recognized by
the federal government as worthy of preservation for their local, state, or national significance
in American hi story, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture. Districts, sites,
buildings, structures, and objects may be listed in the National Register, providing they possess
integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association; and meet
one or more of the following Criteria for li sting:
A. association with events th at have made a significant contribution to the broad
patterns of our history;
B. association with the liv es of persons s ignificant in our past;
C. embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction,
or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that
represent a significant and distingui shable entity whose components may lack
individual di stinction; or
D. yield, or may be l ikely to yield , information important in prehistory or history.
Ordinarily cemeteries, birthplaces, or graves of hi storical figures, c hurches, moved buildings,
reconstructed historic buildings, commemorative properties, and properties that have achieved
significance within the past fifty years are not considered eligible for the National Register.
However, exceptions to these rules do exist, including when such resources are integral parts
of districts that do meet the criteria.
The National Register of Historic Places is administered by the National Park Service, and was
authorized by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended. The National
Register is part of a national program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to
identify, evaluate, and protect our hi storic and archaeological resources. Nominations to the
National Register are made through the State Historic Preservation Office. In Missouri, this is
the Historic Preservation Program of the Missouri Department of Natural Resources.
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 25
I
I
National Register of Historic Places
Listing in the National Register carries a degree of prestige which can raise a property owner's
and communi ty's awareness and pride. A major benefit of li st in g in th e National Register is the
Rehabilitation Investme nt Tax Credit, a federal credi t of 20% for the substamial r ehabilitation
of in co me-pro ducing properties whi ch are l isted ei th er in dividually or as contributing to a
historic district. List ing in th e National Register al so allows th e federal Advisor y Council on
Historic Preserva tion and the Missouri Hi storic Preservation Program to comment on the effect
of federal proj ects on historic propert ies. This process, however, does no t guarantee negativ e
impact of federal monies.
Misconceptions are common reg arding the meaning of listing in the National Register. Listing
does not prohibit the owner of the listed property from remodeling, repairin g, altering , selling,
or even demolishing the property with private funds. Listing does not require that private
property be open to the public . In many ways , the National Register does not protect a historic
resource. The National Register is distinct ly different from a Jocal register; local registers and
ordinances are discussed later in this report.
Recommendations
One of the main goals of this survey project was to analyze the Historic East Survey Area for
its potential to be listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The project was begun with
the general realization that the area in its entirety would not be eligible to the National Register
due to modern intrusions, demolitions, and changes to the integrity of some historic resources.
The approach to the recommendations for registration for the Historic East Survey Area was to
recommend historic districts wherever pos si ble, in order to include as many historic resources
as feasible. The National Register defines district as:
A district possesses a significant concentration, linkage, or continuity of sites,
buildings, structures, or objects united historically or aesthetically by plan or by
physical development.
Historic resources within the boundaries of a National Regi ster historic district are classified as
"contributing" or "non-contributing." Contributing is defined as:
A building, site, structure, or object adds to the historic architectural qualities,
historic associations, or archaeo logical values for which a property is sig nifi cant
because it was present during the period of significance, and possesses historic
integrity reflecting its character at that time or is capable of yielding important
i nformation about the period, or it independently meets th e National Register
criteria.
Non-contributing status may be d efined as the followin g:
A building, site, structure, or object does not add to th e historic architectural
qualities, historic associations, or archaeological values for which a property is
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 26
National Register of Historic Places
si gnificant becau se it was not present during th e period of si g nifi can ce; or was
al te red , di stu rb ed, has had an addi tion , or oth er chan ges whi c h cau se i t to no
longer poss: 3 S historic intf · rity r:.flec tir:g its character at tha t time or is in:apable
of yi el ding important info;-mation about the peri od, or d oes no t independently
meet the National Reg ister cr iteria.
C o n tributing statu s with in a Na tional Regi s ter histori c district carrie s th e sa me status a s be in g
ind ividu al ly li sted i n th e National Regi ste r. Th e approach of recommend ing hi s toric di stricts is
to r ecognize the developme ntal patterns of the Historic East, and to r ecognize the full array of
historic buildings which add to the qualities and associations of the neighborhood.
Recommendations for individual listings to the National Register of Historic Places have been
made for only bui ldings which do not clearly fall within the boundaries of a potential historic
district. These r ecommendations for individual listin g s are also ba sed upon the need for a
Multiple Property Documentation form .
The Multiple Property Documentation form is the acceptable method for multiple property
listings, providing the most efficient framework for registering a number of significant properties
linked by a common property type or h istoric context. The Multiple Property form allows for
the definition of historic contexts, property types, and registration requirements.
Jefferson City currently has nine individual listings and two historic district listings in the
National Register . Additional properties could certainly be listed in the National Register
without the development of a Multiple Property Documentation form. However, the Multiple
Property form would be the most efficient method, particularly for the recommended
nominations in the Historic East neighborhood. The four recommended historic districts and
eight recommended individually eligible buildings relate historically and architecturally and a
historic context developed in a Multiple Property form would facilitate the nomination of these.
Further information on the National Register of Historic Places and the Multiple Property
Documentation form may be found in National Register Bulletins 16A and 16B.
The four recommended hi s toric districts are described in the following summaries with
accompanying maps.
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 27
.,
East End Historic District
Boundaries : See map.
T o ;.al co n tributing buildir:gs :
Total non-con tri b ut ing buildi ngs :
Previous ly l is ted:
245
41
#44, Ivy Terrace
#60, Missouri State P eniten tiary Ward e n's House
Total main buildings:
Total outbuildings:
2 15 contributing; 25 non -contributin g
30 contributing; 16 non-contributing
National Register Criteria: C for Architecture; A for Commerce
Overview
The largest of the four recommended historic di stricts, the East End Historic District exhibits
the full array of architectural styles and building types representing the development of the East
End of Jefferson City. The south side of the 500 block of E. Capitol Avenue contains nine
hou ses, seven of which are excellent examples of th e Side Hall Plan building type, several of
which also exhibit Italianate features. This hi storic district also includes the Parsons House
(#363), built c. 1830, with a first story of stone and a second story of log. The north-south
s treets between E. Capitol A venue and E. Hig h Street contain some excellent examples of late
nineteenth century and turn of the century dwellings, including an excellent Queen Anne sty le
house a t 210 Lafayette Street (#405) with a rare extant carriage house (#406). Several handsome
brick Four Square hou se types are along the 200 block of Cherry Street. Excellent examples
of th e Bungalows within this district are 616 E. Capitol Avenue (#56) and 618 E. Capitol
Avenue (#57). Two of the neig hborhood's larges t and finest apartment buildings are located in
this historic district--Bella Vista Apartments, Italian /Spanis h Revival style, at 601 E . Capitol
Avenue (#30) and the Prince Edward Apartments, Art Deco style, at 208 Marshall Street (#373).
This historic district also contains the most prominent commercial node of the Historic East
along the eastern part of the 600 block of E. High Street, and the southeast corner of E. High
and Lafayette Street. In addition to being architectu r ally representative of late nineteenth and
early twe nti eth cen tury commercial buildings, this section is an excellent example of a
neighborhood commercial node providing convenient shopping for dry goods, meats and
groceries, and medicines within the neighborhood .
The community's German heritage is well-represented by several German Vernacular houses in
this historic district, includin g 320 Cherry Street (#448) an d 406 Cherry Street (#450). The
German Vernacular house type is further represented by a row of fo u r once nearly i dentical
hou ses at 716-722 E. High Street (#15 3-#156) which have been altered .
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 28
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Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 30
East Miller Street Historic District
Boundaries: 500, 504, 506, and 508 E. Mill er Street
Total contributing bui ldings: 5
Total non-contri but ing buildings : 0
Total main bu i ldings: 4 contributi ng; 0 non-contributing
Total outbuildings: 1 contributing; 0 non-contributing
National Register Criterion : C for Architecture
Overview
Set hig h upon a hill overlooking Simonsen Junior High School to the north , the East M iller
Street Historic District is a small group of four excellent examples of early twe nt ie th century
architecture and building types, and one outstanding outbuilding.
Represented are the Four Square hou se type and the Colonial Revival and English D o mestic
architectural styles. An excellent example of the Four Square hou se type, 500 E. Miller (#323)
feat ures a square plan, hipped roof with broad eaves, and a full-facade porch--classic features
of the Four Square house type. The entrance with transom and sidelights , the west elevation
square bay, and the dark red brick with darker header brick are particularly handsome features
of this house. Its outbuilding, the only one in this historic district, is among the finest in the
Hi storic East. The outbuilding, a single car garage, features a hip roof and brickwork identical
to the hou se, and a hip roof dormer and historic sliding doors.
Also representing the Four Square hou se type is 504 E. Miller (#324) which features a hip roof,
fu ll-facade porch, and hipped roof dormers . Other features on this Four Square include paired
multi-light entry doors, French doors to the east, and multi-light windows. A good example of
Colonial Revival influence, 506 E. Miller (#325) is one of the only houses in the His toric East
nei g hborhood to feature a slate roof. The limestone house di splays a full-facade porch with
overhanging eaves and denti ls, triple window sets on the second floor facade , and square oriels
on the east and west elevations.
Representing the English Domes tic influence is 508 E. Miller (#326). W ith walls of lim es tone
(fi rst floor) and wood shingle (seco nd floor), this hou se is dominated by a gable roof en t ranc e
portico and multi-light window sets . The house is fu rth er e nlivened by gable wall dormers an d
a smal l shed r oof d o r mer.
Jefferson City Histon'c East Survey page 31
r.
I
East Miller Street Historic Di str ict Map
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j efferso n City Historic East Survey page 32
Park Place Addition/International Shoe Company Historic District
Boundaries: The International Shoe Factory to the n orth; the eas t s ide of Pine Street
to the w~s.:; properti es on Oli v~ Stre ~t to th e east; and the no rth si d e of
E. High Street to the south , although none of the buildings faces E. H igh
Street.
Total contributin g bu ildings: 32
Total non-contributing buildings: 13
Total main buildings: 25 contributing; 8 non-contributing
Total outbuildings: 7 contributing; 5 non -contributing
National Register Criteria: C for Architecture; A for Industry
Overview
Seemingly set apart from other areas in the Historic East, the Park Place Addition/International
Shoe Company Historic District encompasses a cohesive group of dwellings which provided
convenient housing for area workers, many of whom were employed by the adjacent shoe
factory and the Missouri State Penitentiary. The nearby Missouri Pacific Railroad also
employed several residents. The Park Place Addition appears on the 1918 Sanborn Fire
Insurance Map, before much of the surrounding area appeared on the maps. The south side of
Park Place Avenue was never developed; evidently the intention was that this space remain as
open space for the neighborhood, an element which suggests this Addition was a planned
community of sorts.
Significant for both its architecture and for associations with industry in Jefferson City, the
historic district is overwhelmingly vernacular in character including seven examples of the
Gabled Ell house type at 1103 (#74), 1115 (#80), 1117 (#81) and 1121 (#83) Park Avenue, 201
Olive Street (#537), 203 O live Street (#538), and 209 Olive Street (#541). Two examples o f
the Open Gable house type at 201 Pine Street (#515) and 205 Pine Street (#5 17), two examples
of the Pyramidal Cottage house form at 1119 Park Avenue (#82) and 207 Ol ive Street (#540),
and one example of the Four Square hou se type at 1115 E. High Street (#124) also exist within
this district. The house at 1109 Park Avenue (#77) represents the Queen Anne influence while
the buildings at 1105 Park Avenue (#75), 218 Center Street (#533), and 214 Olive Street (#536)
have vernacular forms mixed with architectural stylistic elements.
The International Shoe Company bui lding (#42) is an excellent example of a turn of the century
industrial buildin g type, and represents Jefferson City's significant shoe industry .
The shoe company building and the adjacent neighborhood combine as a sign ificant example of
a turn of the century working class neighborhood.
J efferson City Historic East Survey page 33
,
Park Place Addition /International Shoe Company Hi sto ric District Map
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RECOMMENDED HI STORIC DISTRICT
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Jefferson Ciiy Histo ric East Survey page 34
East McCarty Street Historic District
Boundaries: Properties facing the 1100 and 1200 blocks of E. McCarty S treet;
prop~rt ies facing Locust Street o n the east side of the street as thew :!stern
boundary; the I mmaculate Conception Church and historic sch ool, and
three properties on the west side of Benton Street to the east.
Total contributing buildings : 44
Total non-contributing buildings: 8
Total main buildings: 41 contributing; 3 non-contributing
Total outbuildings: 3 contribu ting; 5 non-contributing
National Register Criterion: C for Architecture
Overview
This historic district encompasses a corridor of sorts, focussing mo s tly on two blocks of E .
McCarty, but also wrapping along several side streets to include related buildings. The
buildings of this historic district range from excellent examples of vernacular building types,
including a rarely seen example of the Shotgun house type in the Historic East at 1107 E.
McCarty Street (#228), to excellent examples of the Italianate and Queen Anne styles.
Additionally, this historic district features a row of six nearly identical Bungalows on the 400
block of Locust Street, facing the National Cemetery. These homes would appear to have been
builder speculation housing, and while their plans are much the same, slight differences in brick
coloring and patterning, and other small details show an attempt to give some individual
character to this development.
Examples of the Italianate style or influence include 1102 E. McCarty Street (#282), 1116 E.
McCarty Street (#287), and 1122 E . McCarty Street (#289). Th e Queen Anne s ty le is
represented by 1130 E. McCarty Street (#291). With the row of six Bungalows on Locust
Street, the Bungalow house type dominates the houses classified as vernacular types. Examples
in addition to tho se on Locu st Street (#526-#531) include 1209 E. McCarty Street (#244), 416
Clark Avenue (#556), 418 Clark Avenue (#557), and 420 Clark Avenue (#5 58). A particularly
fine example is 310 Benton Street (#566), with na tiv e rock and glazed block wall treatme nt and
a matching garage. An equally fine example of the Bungalow house type is 1209 E. McCarty
Street (#244), also of native rock wall treatment. The Open Gable, Gabled Ell, and Four Square
house types are represen ted by one example each in this historic district.
Serving as a visual anchor to this his toric district is the Immaculate Conception Church at 1202
E . McCarty Street (#292), an excellent example of the Roman esque Revival and Itali an
Renaissance styles. Constructed in 1923, the Immaculate Conception Church is faced with wire-
cut polychromatic brick, and features three story and four story bell towers, s tained glass
wi ndows, limestone detailing, and an orange tile roof.
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 35
East McCarty Str ee t Hi storic District Map
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jefferso n City Histon"c East Survey
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page 36
Buildings Recommended for Individual Listing
Referencf> #!, 505 State Street, c. 1910, Neo-Cla ss ical /Georgian Revival, National Regi ster
Criteri on C: Architecture . The mod ern Dull e Towers and parking lots surrounding thi s b uilding
prevent its logical inclusion into the n:!arby histo ric district. Howev~r , the building itself is an
excell ent example of the Neo-Classical and Georgian Revival architectural styles , is finely
detai led, and retains a good degree of integrity. The house featur es a symmetrical facade with
a projecting gabled central pavilion, and brick quoining at the facade edges and on the pavilion .
The front door is flanked by sidelights and has a fanlight with leaded beveled glass. The
entrance porch features Tuscan columns, a frieze, and an overhanging cornice. Windows feature
soldier course brick flat arches and keystones. A modillioned cornice tops the second floor.
Reference #42, 1101 E. Capitol Avenue, c. 1900, Industrial building type, National Register
Criteria A--Industry and C--Architecture. Known by several different names including the
Giesecke Shoe Manufacturing Company and the International Shoe Company, this building is
an excellent example of a turn of the century industrial building type . Wh ile it is also being
recommended as part of the Park Place Addition Historic District, it is being recommended for
individual listing in the event that it is not included within that historic dis trict. The massive
brick building's clock tower and stair pavilion, numerous multi -li ght windows, and overhanging
eaves with carved bracketed cornice on th e wings and stair pavilion make this building
architecturally handsome as well as exemplifying the architectural qualities which were being
integrated into industrial buildings around the turn of the century and early twentieth century to
make for more pleasant working conditions. The building's numerous windows typify the ideas
of natural li ghting and ventilation characteristic of the type. Historically, the building represents
the significan t shoe industry in Jefferson City, which during the early twentieth century was the
second largest production city for footwear west of the Allegheny Mountains.
Reference #91, 503 E. High Street, Price-Bauer House, c. 1860, Antebellum with a Neo -
Classical portico, National Register Criterion C: Architecture. Poss ibly built by Jefferson City
businessman John N. Bauer, the Price-Bauer House is an excellent example of a mid-nineteenth
century house with an early twentieth century "update" in the form of a colossal Neo -Classical
portico. The two-story portico features four full -height wood Doric columns supporting a full
plain entablature with modillions, and plain tympanum with raking cornice. This building is
among the oldest in the Historic East neighborhood, and could not be included within the
boundaries of a potential historic district due to modern construction to the east and so uth.
Reference #164, 900 E. High Street, Kaullen Mercantile Company, c. 1895 and c. 1910 ,
National Register Criteria A--Commerce and C--Architecture. Historically, this building was
home to the Kaullen Mercantile Company, listed as "prominent" among the leading business
hou ses of Jefferson City after the turn of the century. A fter being established as a grocery store,
it quickly expanded to a large dry goods and general merchandise store. The building is an
excellent example of a turn of the century commercial enterprise. Architecturally, the building
is an excellent example of a turn of the century vernacular commercial building with residential
space. The building retains a high degree of integrity, including a rare two story gal lery porch
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 37
in its rear reentrant angle, featuring fluted iron columns and a wainscot-like upper fl oor clo sed
railing .
F ~fe::::_'nr-e 1.'1 3 6 a···' ~1 ~7, 518A and 51 gB E. High Street, c. 1870 an d c. 1880, N ation al
k~gister Crite rion L: Architecture. The se two individually eligible build ing s comb ine as 2.n
excellen t pair of mid/late nineteenth century houses representing an excellent example of
Italianate influence o n a Side Hall Plan vernacu lar hou se ty pe, and an excellent example of the
arc hit ec tural influence of the Queen An ne style. With its side ma nsard ro of, 5 18A is
particularly notable. With its varied facade, including a two story se mi -hexagonal ba y, 5 18B
makes an ex cellent companion. Both buildings retain a high degree of integ rity, and serve as
reminders of the earlier residential occupation of the block, now dominated by co mmercial
buildings (both modem and altered historic buildings).
Reference #167, 1006 E. High Street, c. 1925, National Regi ster Criterion C: Ar chitecture.
This building is a good example of an early twentieth cent ury apartment bui lding property type,
and retains a high degree of integrity, including its original garage doors for its fou r-ca r
basement garage accessed from the alley. Its tile "mansard" roof hints at a Spani sh influe nce,
but the building otherwise possesses typical architectural elemen ts of the early twentieth cent ury,
including multi -light windows. The lack of cohesiveness in this fringe commercial/residential
area prevents this building from being included within the boundaries of a potential historic
district.
Reference #359, 508 Jackson Street, 1916, National Register Criterion C: Architecture. This
building is an excellent, textbook example of a Craftsman Bungalow, combining the popular
early twenti et h century house type, with a companion architectural style. The limestone building
features a low-pitched side gable roof, a full-width front porch with large stone pyramidal
shaped cornier piers, a shed roof dormer with broad overhanging eaves, and numerous windows
with beveled multi-lights. The hou se retains a high degree of integrity. Although the hou se is
across Jackson Street from the E. Miller Street Historic District, the boundaries for that his toric
district cou ld not logically be extended to include this building.
Jefferson Ciiy Historic East Survey page 38
Local Preservation Ordinances and Des ignation
While mu c h of this project focusses on National Regi ster recommendations, attentio n must also
be given to a local ordinance and a local register. Jefferson City currently has neither, but the
formation of th e Commission on Historic Preservation provides the basis for these provisions.
As m en tioned earli er, the National Register of Hi storic Places provides little or no protection
to the historic reso urces which are li sted. Buildings o n the National Register may still be
demolished, altered beyond recognition, or suffer "demolition by neglect" by having no
maintenance whatsoever.
A local ordinance is the only way to protect the character of a historic neighborhood.
Preservatio n Ordinances do not apply to al l areas of a city, but rather, apply to only formally
designated local landmarks and historic districts. Local ordinances typically involve exterior
design review for certain exterior work. Normally, the exterior work to be reviewed is not
stan dard maintenance work such as painti ng or repairing. Design gu id elin es serve as th e "rules"
for the exterior d esign review, an d are simpl y principles to follow in order to retain the historic
character of a building .
Local ordinances do not require museum -quality properties. A property owner is no t required
to return a house to its pri stin e original appearance. A Preservation Ordinance simply requires
that the work that is done should not adversely affect the historic character of the building.
Preservation Ord inances also allow provisions for economi c hard ship . Local Preservation
Ordinances do not raise taxes or assess fees.
A local ordinance and designatio n of local landmarks and hi s toric districts would also allow
J effer son City to qualify for the Certified Local Government program. Th is status allows for
eligibi lity for a designated gran t program through the State Historic Preservation Office
(Missouri Historic Preservation Program), as well as giving the city a voice in the N atio nal
Register process. Certified Local Governments are allowed to formally review nom inations of
properties within th eir communities to the National Regi ster before the nomi nations are
submitted to the State Historic Preservation O fficer , providing a formal local partic ipation in the
id entification and national recognition of th eir hi s tori c resources.
While a Preservation Ordinance cou ld benefit many historic r esou r ces in the city, the Historic
East neighborhood illustrates several cases where a Preservation Ordinance could have prevented
unfortunate d emolitions or additions which have harmed the historic qualities of the
neighborhood, and which begin to whittle away at its special character. The Tweedie House
J eff erso n City Historic East Survey page 39
Local Preservation Ordi!Ulnces and Desigrwtio n
(#96) is adv ersely affect ed by an obtrusive front garage addition. A larg e mod ern building at
th e so uthwest corn er of E . Capi to l Av enue and Jac kson Stree t affects th e ov erall character of
the 400 block of E. Capitol A venue . Two houses (# 14 1 and # 14:2) on th e south side of th e 600
block of :C . H igh Street prevent the hi stor ic d isrrict from continuing far the r west, due to modern
brick office add iti ons overwhe lm ing the ii:·s t floors of these once attractive turn of the century
res ide nces . T hese are but a fe w e xamp les o f th e need fo r a Prese rv at io n Ordi nance . S uch an
ord in ance would have e nsur ed con side rat ion of the imp act of chang es befo re th ey happ en.
The need for a lo cal Pres ervation Ordin ance is furth er emphasized by the fact that appro ximately
half of the land in the Historic East is zoned for commerc ial use, reflect in g the patterns of traffic
and streetcar lines that once traversed the area. Most of this commercial zoning is C-2 general
commercial, whi ch permits num erous unharmonious uses in th e Hi stori c Eas t, including used
car lots, farm implement sales and servi ce, and drive -in restaurants. At lea st a third of the
neighborhood's residential buildings ar e non-conforming uses in commercial zoning dis tricts,
whic h limits the changes permitted . Design guidelin es to be administered under a Preservation
Ordinance shou ld be help fu l in encouraging sen sitive and historical ly aware treatment of futur e
changes.
Given that four historic di stricts and eight individual li stings have been recommended fo r the
National Register of Historic Places, local recognition and protec tion of th ese spec ial historic
resources would also be prudent. While National Register status fo r th ese di stricts and build in gs
would give recog nition and potential finan cial advantages, the resources still have no protection
without designation through a Preservation Ordinance. A block of houses within a historic
district could be demolished. A hu ge addition coul d be made to th e front of a building. A
modem building could be const ru cted in the middle of a historic district without con si deration
given to its design. Any of these thin gs cou ld happen to buildings or historic districts listed in
th e N ational R egister, but no t protected locally by a Preservation Ordinance.
An additi onal ben efit of a Preservation Ordinance is that a comm un ity may establish its own
standards for li sting landmarks and historic districts. This could allow for in clusion of buildings
or areas which may not meet National Register standards, but which are important to the
character of the neig hbo r hood .
Much of th e 1100 block of E. Miller contains good examples of early twentieth century
architecture, which co uld be included with a l ocal di strict exten sion of the recommended East
McCarty Street His toric District. School Stree t is an excellent example of an area which
prob ably does not retain enoug h integrity to be included in the Nat ional Regi ster, but which
retain s a charming charac ter wh ich the city may want to protect through local designation. Two
adjacent buildings at the southeast comer of Ash and E. High Streets are too separated from the
sect ion of Ash Stree t recommended to the National Register, howev er, the bui ldings have an
interesting history within the neighborhood, which the city may want to recogni ze and protec t
with local d esignation. Furthermore, the building stock of this area (300 block of Ash Street)
is deteriorating, and in grea t need of a boost an d protection, befo r e its character is seriously
harmed.
Jeffers on City Historic East Survey page 40
Local Preservation Ordinances and Designation
The Potter's Church (#190) is a good example of Art Dec o and Art Mod ern e architectural styles,
bu t is probably not outstanding enough to be eli gible for th e National Regis ter. Local
desi ~nation , howev er, cou ld help protect th is interesting hi stori c corner church. Ano ther co m er
church (#334), at t~e southwest co m er of E. Miller and Cherry Streets, may also be worthy of
local designation. A couple of vernac ular house types on E. Mi lle r Street do not ap pear to be
st ro ng enough candidates for individual eligibility to the National Reg is ter, but retain a fairly
good de gree of integ rity, and may al so merit local designation (#331 and #332).
Some Preservation Ordinances establish "Neighborhood Preservation Districts," areas which can
be designated around historic districts to serve in effect as a "buffer zone," to provide additional
protection to the hi s toric districts.
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 41
Conclusion
Many people may have r ecog ni zed the Historic East neighborh ood fo r its grand homes on E.
Capitol Avenue, or perhaps fo r the Mi ssouri State P e nitentiary and not mu ch else. This survey
has brought out the f ull range of architectural and hi storic resources represented in the Historic
East neighborhood, significant resource s which illu strate the history and development of
J effer son City.
Survey is but one step in a program of hi s toric preservation and planning for Jeffer son City.
The survey will serve as a data base, with 450 survey forms and photographs, accompan ied by
mapping. The s urvey project has al so served to help educate residents and officials about
historic properties and the importance of these properties to the community.
The key to this project is that it not remain in a file or on a shelf, but that it is used to activate
a much needed program to register and protect the historic resources of Jefferson City.
Furthermore, historic preservation should become an integral part of the city's planning
program, with strong consideration given to significant hi storic resources.
The City of Jefferson currently has a Commission on Historic Preservation, but no hi storic
preservation ordinance. An ordinance is the next step for the historic preservation program, to
ensure that areas such as the Historic East are protected and enhanced, not decaying an d
destroyed. The Historic East lends a special character to Jeffe r son City, and this character
should be maintained for generations to come.
Jefferson City Histon"c East Survey page 42
Endn oles
1. Nationa l Park Service, In teragen cy Resou rc es Divi s io n, Guidelines for Loca l Su rveys:
A. ?.:>~ ;~ For Dr es:>rv arin'"J PI :''' ·=.'_0r / r,,.:ona l Rt>oi c! ?.r q l' 1(?" in ~4 . ('Was hin gt on D. C.: Government
Priming Of; ice. 198 5 1. p. ~.
:?.. Ov er 550 hi sto r ic propert ies were identified dur ing the con sultants' field wo r k.
However, In ventory Survey For ms were finalized for on ly 450 of these properties as per the scope o f
th e pr oject. Th e 450 properti es were selected based on wh eth er th ey were in or near a reco mm ended
hi st ori c di str ict, or if th ey were re co mmended for indi vidual eli gibility if the property was not within
th e boundaries of a r eco mmended hi stori c distri ct.
3. Hi story of Cole. Moniteau . Morga n. Ben ton. Mill er. Mari es and Osa ge Counti es .
Mi sso uri, (Ch icago: The Goo dspeed Publi sh ing Company, 1889), p. 277.
4. Myrene Houchin H ob bs, Th e Jefferson City Story, n.d ., n.p.
5. Ibid.
6. Hi sto ry of Cole, p . 280.
7. Harland Bartholomew and Assoc iates, Riverfron t D eve lopment Plan and Hi s tor ic
Prese rvation Plan. Jefferso n City, Mi sso uri, Jun e 1970 , p .6.
8. Hi story of Co le, p. 281.
9. Hobb s, n.p .
10. Ibid.
11 . Charles van Rav enswaay, Th e Art s and Ar ch itecrure of German Settlements in
Mi sso uri : A Survey of a Vanishing Culrur e, (Columbia, Mis so uri: University of Mis sou ri Press,
1977), p. 221.
12. Ibid.
13. H istory of J effe rso n C ity, (Co le County Hi s tori cal Soc iety, 1973 ), n .p.
14. "The Civil War: J effe rson City, a city divided," News and Tribune, Sunday, July
14, 1985, p. 1-B.
15. Jam es E . Ford, Hi story of Jefferson City, (Jefferson City: The New Day Pr ess,
1938), p. 208.
16. Hi sto ri ca l D evelop ment of Jeffe rso n City , Mi sso uri, n.d., p. 1.
17. Hobb s, n.p.
18. Ibid .
19. Hi sto rv of Jeffer so n City, n.p.
Jefferso n City Historic East Survey page 43
20. Ibid.
21. Ford, p. 206.
')') Barth o lo mew. p. 7.
23. Gary R. Kr eme r and Th oma s E. Gage, "The Prison Again st the Town : Je fferso n
City and the P e ni tentiary in the 19th Century," Mi ssouri Hi sto r ical Review, Vol. LXX IV, No.4,
July 19 80, p. 416.
24. Gary R. Krem er and Th omas E. Ga ge, "H istory of Mi ssouri State Peni tentia ry,"
46th Annu al Conference . Missouri Corrections Assoc iati on, Lodge of the Four Seasons, Lake Osark,
Mi sso uri: November 3-5, 1982, n.p.
25. "Philadelphia's Eastern State Penitentiary Renova ti on Gets Boost," Hi storic
Preservation News , July /Augu st 1992 , p. 18 .
26. The J efft ow n Journ al: Hi storical Edition, summ er 1972, p. 4.
27. Kremer and Gage, 1982, n .p.
28. Kr emer and Gag e, 19 80, p. 417.
29 . Th e Jefftown Journal, p. 4.
30. Kremer and Gage, 1980 , p. 417.
31. Ibid ., p. 418.
32. The Jefftown Journal, p. 4.
33. Kremer and Gage, 1980, p . 419 -420.
34. Th e Jefftown Journal, p. 5.
35 . Kremer and Gage, 1980, p. 424.
36. Th e J effto wn J ourna l, p. 5.
37. Krem er and Gage, 1980, p. 428.
38. J. B. J ohn so n, Buried Ali ve: or Eighteen Years in the Mi sso uri State Penitentiary
(Kansas City, Mi sso uri: Hud son-Kimberly Publi shin g Co mp any, 1903), p. 11 -12.
39. Mi ssour i St ate Penitentiary : Illu strated, (Jefferso n City: Hugh Steph ens Printing
Co mpan y, 1905), p. 26.
40. Th e Jefftown Journ al , p. 11 .
41. Lauri e A . Stout, Somewhere in T im e: A 160 Yea r Hi sto ry of Mi ssour i Corrections,
(J efferso n City: Mi sso uri Departm ent of Correcti ons, 199 1), p. 39.
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 44
ll
42. Ibid ., p. 40.
43. Ibid .
44. Ibid.
45 . Ibid.
46. Ibid. Lr
47. The Jefftown Journal, p. 4.
Missouri State Penitentiary: Illu strated, p. 3. ~
48. The Jefftown Journal, p. 19.
49. Stout, p. 70.
50. The Jefftown Journal, p . 24.
51. Ibid.
52. History of Jefferson C ity, n.p.
53. Ibid .
54. Ford, p. 174.
55. Ibid., p. 205.
56. Ibid., p. 167.
57. Ibid.
58. Ibid.
59. Ibid., p. 168.
60. Ibid.
61. Ibid.
62. Ibid ., p. 170.
63. Ibid., p. 171.
64. Ibid., p. 172.
65. 1897-1898 City Directory.
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 45
66. Ca rl 0. Sauer, The Geographic Society of Chi cago Bull etin No . 7: The Geog raphy
of the Ozark Hig hland of Mi sso uri (Chi cago: The University of Chi cago Press, 1920), p. 216.
67. fbid .
68 . Ford, p. 3 l 5.
69. J. W. J ohn ston, ed., The Illu strated Sk etch Boo k and Dir ector y o f Jeffe rso n Citv and
Cole County, (Jefferso n City: M isso uri I llu str ated Sketch Boo k Company, 1900), p. 25 1.
70 . Joh nsto n, p. 251.
71. 1904-1905 City Directory, p. 146.
72. Ford, p . 566.
John sto n, p. 234.
73. J effe rso n City . Mi sso uri: Past and Prese nt Progress and Pro sperity : Souven ir ,
(Jefferson City: Freema n Publi shin g Company, n.d.), n.p.
74. Souvenir, n.p .
75 . Ibid.
76 . 1908-1909, 1911-1 912, 19 13 , 1915, 1917 City Dire ctory .
77. Fo r d, p . 566.
78. Sou ven ir , n.p .
1908-1909 C ity Direc tory, p . 248.
1913 City Dir ecto ry, p. 169 .
79. 1908-1909, 19 11 -1912 City Dir ec tory .
80. Souven ir , n.p.
81. 19 13 C it y Dir ecto ry .
82. Joh nston, p. 342.
83. Ibid.
84. Joh nston, p. 343.
85 . Ibid.
Ford, p. 566.
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 46
86. Leland M. Roth, A Conci se Hi story of Am erican Archite cture , (New York: Harper
and Row Publi sher s, 1979), pp. 138-139.
87. William H. Pi erso n, Jr., A!T'~ri.:a n B t:il ~=n :r s aT1d t--eir Archi t:-cts: The C'ol o r = 1 and
Teo -C'!2.s ,i :-~<;n ·'e s . (Ga rden C it y, 1\ew York: Doubleday , 1970), p. 7 .
88 . John A. J aki e, Robert W. Ba s tian, and Douglas K. Meyer, Comm on Houses in
Ameri ca's Small Towns: Th e Atlantic Seab oard to the Mississipni Valley, (Athens, Georg ia:
University of Georgia Press, 1989), p. 141.
89.
90.
Ibid., p. 140.
Ibid ., p. 172.
91. Gw end olyn Wright, Moralism and the Model Home: D ome stic Architecture and
Cultural Confli ct in Chicago 1873-1913, (Chicago: Univers ity of Chicago Press, 1980), p. 3.
92. Richard Matt so n, "The Bungal ow Spirit," Journal o f Cultural Geo graphy, No. 1,
198 1, p . 90.
93. Jaki e et al., p. 171.
94. Ibid.
95. Virginia McAlester and Lee McAl este r, A Field Guid e to American Houses , (New
York: Alfred A . Knopf, Inc ., 1984), p. 454.
96. Ibid., p. 453.
97. Ibid ., pp. 78, 90 .
98. J akJ e e t aJ . , p. 141.
99. Ibid., pp. 142-143.
100. Ibid ., p. 143 .
101. Ibid., p. 16 1.
102. Ibid.
103. Ibid .
104. Ibid., p. 163.
105. Ibid ., p. 161.
106. Ibid ., p. 163.
107. Ibid., p. 139.
J efferson City Historic East Survey page 47
[-:'
[f
108 . Ibid., p. 140.
109. Ibid., p . 138.
I 10. Thid.
1 11. Ibid., p. 147.
1 12. Ibid., p. 148.
113 . Wilbur Zelin sky, "The Pennsy lvania Tow n: An Overdue Geographi ca l Acc oun t,"
Geograph ica l Rev iew, Vol. 67, 1977, p. 131 .
114. 1 akl e et al., p. 14 7.
115. Ibid., p. 149.
116. Ibid., p. 145.
117. Ibid.
118. van Ravenswaay, p. 221.
119 . Ibid.
120. Roth, pp. 252-253.
121. Dani e l M. Blu es tone and Haro ld J. Ch ri stian, "The Ford Airport Hanger," Hi storic
Ill inois, Vol. 8, No. 2, Augu st 1985, p. 2.
122 . Johns t on , pp. 332, 343.
123. Ib id ., p. 332.
124. Ibid., n.p.
125. Ibid.
126. Ibid.
127. Ibid.
128. Ibid.
129 . McAl este r and McAle ster , p. 263.
130 . Ibid., p. 211.
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 48
Bibliography
Bluestone, Daniel M . and Christian , Harold J. "The Ford Airport Hanger." Historic
Illinois, Vol. 8, No. 2, August 1985, pp. 1-6.
City Directory, 1897-1898, 1900, 1904-1905, 1908-1909, 1911-1912, 1913, 1915, 19 17, 1918,
192 1, 1923, 1925, 1927, 1929, 1931 , 1933, 1935, 1938, 1943, 1946.
Ford, James E . Hi story of Jeffe r son City . Jefferson City: The New Day Press, 193 8.
Harland Bartholomew and Associates . Riverfront Development Plan and Historic
Preservation Plan . Jefferson City. Missouri. June 1970.
Historical Development of Jefferson City . Mi ssouri. n.p., n .d.
History of Cole. Moniteau. Morgan. Be nton. Mill er, Maries and O sage Counties. Missouri.
Chicago: The Goodspeed Publishing Company, 1889.
H is tory of J efferson City. Cole County Historical Society, 1973.
Hobbs, Myrene Houchin . The Jefferson City Story. n.p., n .d .
Jefferson City. Mi ssou ri: Past and Present Progress and Prosperity. Jefferso n City:
Freeman Publishing Company, n.d.
Johnson, J. B. Buried Alive: or Eighteen Years in the Mi ssouri State Penitentiary. Kan sas
City, Missouri: Hudson -Kim berly Publi shing Company, 1903.
Johnston, J. W . (Ed.) The Illustrated Sketch Book and Directory of Jefferson City and Cole
County. Jefferson City: Press and Bindery of Tribune Printing Company, 1900.
Kremer, Gary R. and Gage, Thomas E. "The Prison Against the Town: Jefferson City and the
Peni tentiary in the 19th Century ." Mi ssouri Historical Review, Vol. LXXIV, No.4, July
1980.
J effers on City Hi storic East Survey page 49
lr
Lr
[i
.,
Kremer, Gary R. and Gage, Thomas E . "H istory of Missouri State Pen itentiary." 46th
Annual Confe ren ce, Mi ssouri Corrections As sociation, Lodge of the Fo ur Sea sons,
Lake Osark, Mi sso uri: Novemb er 3-5 , 19 82 .
Mattson , Ric hard . "The Bungalow Spirit." .To ··1n?1 ofCu!t~!r~l Gec·"'anhy , 1-Jo . J , 198 1, pp.
75-9'2 .
McAleste r , Vi rginia and McAl ester, Lee. A Field Gui de to Am e rica n Hou ses . New Yor k:
Alfred A. Knopf, In c ., I 98 4 .
Mis souri State Penitentiary: Illu strated. Jefferson City: Hugh Stephens Printi ng Company,
1905.
National Park Service, Interagency Resources Division. Guidelines for Local Surveys: A
Basis For P reserva ti on Plan ning /National Regist er Bulletin 24. Washington D.C.:
Government Printing Office, 1985.
"Phi ladelph ia's Eastern State Penitentiary Renovation Gets Boo st." Historic Preservation
News, July /Aug ust 1992, 1982.
Pi erso n, William H., Jr. Am erican Buildings and Th eir Architects: The Co lon ial and Neo-
Classical Styles. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1970 .
Roth , Leland M . A Co nci se Hi story of American Architecture . New York: Harper and
Row Publishers, 1979.
Sanborn Fire In surance Maps, 1885, 1892, 1898, 1908, 1923, 1940 .
Sauer, Carl 0 . The Geographic Society of Chicago Bulletin No. 7: T he Geograp hy of th e
Ozark Highland of Missouri. Chicago: The Un iversity of Chicago Press, 1920.
Stout, Lauri e A. Somewhere in Time: A 160 Year History of Missouri Corrections .
Jefferso n City : Missouri Department of Co rrec ti ons, 1991.
"The Civi l War: Jeffe r so n City, a city divided." News and Tribune, July 14, 1985.
The Jefftown Journal: Historical Edition, summer 1972 .
van Ravenswaay, Charles. The Arts and Architecture of German Settlements in Missouri:
A Survey of a Vanishing Culture. Columbi a, Mis souri: University of Mis souri
Press, 1977.
Wright, Gwendolyn. Moral ism and the Model Home: Dome stic Ar chit ec ture and Cultural
Conflic t in Ch icago 1873-1913. Chicago: Un iversity of Chi cago Press, 1980.
jefferson City Historic East Survey page 50
Zelinsky, Wilbur. "The Pennsylvania Town: An Overdue Geographical Account."
Geographical Revi ew , Vol. 67, 1977, pp. 127-147.
Jefferso n City Histon·c East Survey page 51
App endix 1: Survey Handout
'ITDu® Urbana CGJu®DDDD
I nco rp o rat ed
110 Sou l h R<tcc Scree !
Pose Q!i,cc Bo~: JO:!S
U1b:JnJ, IL6 1 SOJ-90~3
217/344-PLAN
217134 4 -7526
PR ESERVATION PLANNING • URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING • URBAN DE SIGN
.JEFFERSCt.l CITY I s CEN'TRAL EAST END SURVEY
'n'hat is the Central East End architectural/historic survey?
The survey will ide11tify and evaluate properties dating to 1945 or before wi t hin
the Central Ea s t End, to determine ~-.-hether they may be o f architectural and/or
hi s toric significance. A s urvey form, including at leas t one photograph, will be
completed for each bu ilding. A map with building outlines ~ill also be created.
A surve y report will sUilllllarize the project , and malte r ecommendations for the are a,
Where is Jefferson City's Cen tral East End?
The area is roughly bounded by Adams Street on the west; the Missouri River on the
north; U.S . Highway 50/6 3 on the south ; and Benton Street o n the east. The city
has a map of the exact area to be surveyed.
What information is on the s urve y f orm?
The degree of information available will vary from building to building, but a
basic architectural description will be prepared f or each property . This
information includes building materials, wall c onstruction, plan shape , number of
stori es , date of construction , architectural style or design , and any a lterations .
Historical information will be included whenever possibl e.
Why do we need this survey?
The survey will add to the base of information on the city 's historic buildings
_and neighborhocxis. The information from the survey will assist the City 1 the
Historic Preserva tion Commission , and others in considering the protection and
improvement of the area wh en planning projects. Additionally, the s urve y will
help increase public understanding of, and interest in , the area 's history and
properties .
How will the survey be conducted?
Jeff erson City has hired The URBANA Group, urban planning consultants specializing
in historic preservation, to conduct the survey . From August through November,
several professionals from that company will walk through the area, taking notes
and photographs. The consultants will also conduct library research and talk with
local historians.
Will anyone be on my property? Will I have to let anyone into my house?
The consultants will remain on publ ic property . You wi ll not have to invite
anyone into your home or office ; access to private property is not required .
Will m.y taxes be affected by the informat ion gathered on the survev f orm?
This architectural/historic survey is a c9mpletely separate process from property
assessments . The informati on gathered will not affect your property taxes .
J efferso n City Histon·c East Survey page 52
Appendix 2: Missouri Architectural/Historic Inventory Survcv Fonn
.MISSOURI OFFICE OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION
Archit ec tur a l/Hi storic I nven tory Surv ey f or m
Jefferson C i ty Historic E.:!st
Reference !\umber: Coun ty: Cole 051 CO C1ty: Jeffer son ci::y
Address : Rol l/Fra me:
Curre nt Name: H isto ri c Name :
Ca tego ry: On Nati ona l Reg iste r?: Is it e li g ible?:
Pa rt of es tabli shed hi st. d istri c t?: District pot e ntial ?:
Date(s): Sty le or Type:
Architect o r E ngin eer: Contractor o r Bui lder:
Original U se : Present Use:
Ownership: Open to public?:
Owner's N ame/Address:
No. o f stories: Basement?: Foundatio n material:
Wall constru c ti o n: Roof typ e and mat e rial:
No. o f bays : Wall tr eatment:
Plan shape: Changes (Additi on o r Alt e red ?):
Exte ri o r conditi on: Endange red/by what?:
Further descripti on :
Hi story and Significance:
Description o f Environment and Outb uildin gs :
Sources of Info rmation:
Prepa red by: The URBANA Grou p Date:
Oq;aniza ti on: Jeffers o n City Department of Plan ning and Code Enf orcemen t
Jeffers o n City Commission o n Histor ic Preservation
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 53
l
Appendix 3: F in a l Meeting Announcement
Historic Eas t
Neighborhood Meeting
RESULTS AND RECOI\1MENDATIONS
OF THE
HISTORIC EAST SURVEY
(Adams to Benton north of U.S. 50 /63)
WILL BE PRESENTED BY
THE HISTORJC PRESERVATION COMMI SSION
WEDNESDAY, J ULY 8
7:00p.m.
COUNCIL CHAMBER, MUNICIPAL BUILDING
Slides, Maps. R e ports
Question and Answers
Learn of you r city's h e rit age and how you can help
Prese rve a nd Enhance It
Plan to Attend
All Citizens Are Invited
J eff erson City Hist on'c East Survey page 54
Appendix 4: Buildin~ Reference N umber/Street Address Guide
F y
C = Con tribut in g
NC = Non -Co n tr i b ut i ng
I E = Individ u a lly El igible
NR = L isted i n the National Re giste r
A Altered
M Modern
NF = No Final Version Form
lot = Parking or Vacant Lot
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
505
412 -414
416A&B
420
422
504
508
514
520
530
600
606
608
610
620
622
STATE STREET (West to Eas t)
IE
lC
lC
l C, INC
lot
l C, lC
lot
lC
l ot
lC
lNC (M)
I C
lC
lC
lC
lC
EAST CAPITOL A VENUE (West to Ea st)
401
405
407
409
413A-D
IC, lC
l C
lC
l C
l C
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 55
EAST CAPITOL A VENUE (continued)
18
19
20
~1
'/}
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
417
419
429
_-:o 1
507
511
513
515-517
519
523
525
527
53 1
60 1
611
615
623
90 1
903
909
911
913
1001
1003
1005
1101
414 -416
428
500
504 -506
512
514
516
518-520
522
526
528
J efferso n City Historic East Survey
lC
lC
lC
JC
l C
lC
1C
lC
lC
lC
INC
lot
1C
lC
lC
l C
INC
1, 1
1, 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
lC, lC (IE)
1 NF
1M
lC, INC (NR)
lC
lC
lC
lC
lC
1C
lC
lC
page 56
53
54
55
5 6
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
EAST CAP ITOL A VENUE (continu ed )
600
606
612
6 16
618
624
622
700
712
718
722
728
802
810
812
814 Rea r
1012-1014
101 8
1022
1024
1116
lC, INC
l C
IC
lC
1C
J C, 2C
l C
lC (NR)
1C, INC
l C
lC, lC
1C
INC
1C
lC
lC, lC
1
1
1
1' 1
1M
PARK AVENUE (West to East)
1101 lC, lC
110 3 1C
1105 lC
1107 1C
1109 1C
1111 l C
1113 INC
1115 1C
1117 INC
111 9 INC
1121 lC
Jefferson City Histon"c East S urvey page 57
r
I
r
EAST HIGH STREET (West to East)
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
415
417
4 19
42 1
.:~3
~:::5
50 1
503
507
515
521
525
527
529
60 1
603
609
615
617
62 1
623
627
629-631
633
701
707
709
717
719 -72 1
731
801-803
811
8 15
817
817 Rear
821 -823
825
827
831
J efferson Cily H isto ric East Survey
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
IE , 2C
1M
1M
IC, lC
IC
lC
INC
lC
IC
1C, l C
lC
IC, IC
IC
lC
lC
lC
lC
INC (M)
lC
INC, INC
lC
I C
lC
INC (M)
INC
lC
lC
IC
lC
lC
l C
1
page 58
EAST HIGH STREET (continued)
119
120
1 ~ 1
901
90 9
911
913
1~2 9 i _-
]')" _.)
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
1001-1003
1115
1201
1205
1207
1211
1213
400
416
420
422
426
1A
1
1 NF
1
1
I NC
1
1 NF
1, 1 NF
1, 1 NF
1
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1
1
-----------------------------------------------------
135 504-506 1' 1
514 1M
136 518A IE
137 518B IE
138 520 1 NF
139 530-532 1 NF
-----------------------------------------------------
140 600 1 NF
141 606 1A
142 610-614 1A
143 616 1C
144 618 1C
145 620 IC
146 624 1C
147 626A&B lC
148 626-1 /2 INC
149 628-630 1C
-----~------------------------------------------------
150 700 IC
702 lot
151 704 1C
708 lNC (M )
152 712 lC, 2C
153 716 IC
Jefferson City Histon'c East Survey page 59
I
EAST HIGH STREET (con tinued)
154
155
15 6
15 7
15 8
718
720
72 2
7'26
728
1NC(A)NF
1C
1C
1C
IC
-----------------------------------------------------
159 800-802 l C
160 80 4 1C
161 810 lC
162 812 lC , INC
81 6 lot
163 830 1A NF
-----------------------------------------------------
164
165
166
900-902
904
912
IE
1, 1 NF
1A
-----------------------------------------------------
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
1006
1010
1016
1018
1020
1022
1024
1026
1028
IE
1 NF
1M
1M
1' 1
1, 1
1
1
1
-----------------------------------------------------
174 11 00 1
175 1102 1
176 1104 1
177 1108 1, 2 NF
178 1112 1 NF
17 9 11 14 1, 1
180 1116 1, 1
181 1118 1 NF
182 1120 1 NF
183 1122 1 NF
184 11 24 1 NF
1128 1M
185 1130 1 NF
------------------------------------------------------
186 1200 1 NF
187 1202 1 NF
188 1204 1 NF
Jefferson City Historic East Survey pag e 60
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
19 6
197
1206
1212
.+Q]
409
413
415
421
425
429 -43 1
50 1
511
515
517
525
EAS T HlUH STREET (c ontmued)
1 NF
1
lot
1 NF
1, 1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1M
1M
1 NF
1M
1 , 1 NF
1M
-----------------------------------------------------
601-603 1M
198 605 1
199 607 1
200 609-6 11 1
201 613A&B 1, 1
202 615-617 1
203 619 1
62 1-623 1M
-----------------------------------------------------
204 705-707 l C
205 709 lC, 1C
206 711 1C
207 717 INC
208 719 1C
-----------------------------------------------------
80 1 INC (M)
803 INC (M)
209 807 lC , l C
210 809 l C
211 811 lC, l C
2 12 813 lC
213 815 lC
21 4 817 1C
215 819 INC
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 61
r
lr
lr
EAST McCARTY STREET (continued)
2 16
217
218
2 19
82 1
823-825
90 1
OQJ
INC
lC
lC
JC
-----------------------------------------------------
220 100 3 1
22 1 1007 1
222 1009 1
223 101 1 1
1015 1M
224 1021 1
225 1023 1
-----------------------------------------------------
226 1101 -11 03 1C
227 1105 1C
228 1107 1C
229 1109 1C
230 1111 1C
231 1113 1C, INC
232 111 5 1C, IN C
233 1117 1C, 1C
234 1119 1C
235 11 21 1C
236 1123 1C
237 11 25 1C
238 11 27-11 29 1C
239 11 31 1C
-----------------------------------------------------
240 1201 1C
241 1203 1C
242 1205 1C, INC
243 1207 1C
244 1209 IC
----------------------------------------------------
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
420
426
428
430
502
600A&B
602
606
60 8
J efferso n City Historic East Survey
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
I C
IC
IC
I C, IN C
page 62
EAST McCARTY STREET (continued) -I
254 610A&B IC
255 612 lC ·-256 614 IC
257 616 lC, INC
258 618 lC, INC
:59 620 l C
260 622 lC
261 624 IC
fr -----------------------------------------------------
262 700 IC
263 702 INC
264 708 IC, INC
265 710 I C
266 7I2 IC 5 267 716 IC
268 718A&B IC
269 722 IC ~ 270 724 IC
-----------------------------------------------------
27I 800 IC, IC
272 802 IC, INC
273 804 IC
274 806A&B IC, lC
275 810 1C, 1C
276 8I4 1C
277 816 IC
278 8I8 1C, 1C
279 820 INC , IC
280 824 1C, 1C
-----------------------------------------------------
28I I0 24 1, 1
-----------------------------------------------------
282 I102 IC
283 1104 1C, INC
284 I106A&B 1C
285 I11 2A,B&C IN C
286 1114 IC
287 1116 1C, 1C
288 11 20 INC
289 1122 IC
290 1I 26 1C, INC
29I 11 30 lC
-----------------------------------------------------
292 1202 lC
293 1206 IN C
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 63
294
296
297
298
299
300
30 1
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
EAST McCARTY STREET (continued)
1208
1212
615
617
621
623
620
622
624A&B
626
628
630
1M
1C
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
EAST MILLER STREET (West to East)
501
707
711
713
800
911
915
919
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1M
1 NF
1M
1 NF
-----------------------------------------------------
312 1101 1 NF
1103 1M
313 1105 1 NF
314 1107 1 NF
315 1109 1, 1 NF
316 1111 1 NF
3 17 1113 1 NF
3 18 1115 1, 2 NF
319 1117 1, 1 NF
320 1119 1 NF
1121 1M
J efferso n City Historic East Survey page 64
321
322
3'P .;...)
"'11 _,_..,.
-')-_I_)
~ .. , .·.;..0
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
1205
1207
500
504
50:5
508
608
612
620
620R
708
712
714
728
820
11 02
11 04
11 06
1108
1110
111 2
101
107
109
11 1
113
209
2 13
2 17
309
3 19
EA ST MILLER STREET (co nti nued )
1 NF
1, 1 NF
1C , IC
lC
lC
lC
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1
1
1 NF
1 NF
3M
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
ADAMS STREET (North to South)
1M
1M
INC
l C
l C
1
1 NF
1 NF
1
l' 1
J efferso n City Historic East Survey
r:
page 65
[
JACKSON STREET (North to South)
349
350
351
352
100-102
104
108
114
353 :212
35-+ 21 4
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
300
306
310
312
314-320
500
504A&B
508
510
10 1
103
105
109
209
2 11
213
307
309
311A
311B
313
1C
l C, lC
lC
l C
Jot
1 NF
lot
1 NF
1M
1' 1
1
IE
1
1C
1C
lC
1C, INC
1C
1C
lC
1 NF
1 NF
1, 1 NF
1, 1 NF
1 NF
MARSHALL STREET (North to Sou th)
373
374
375
376
377
378
208
210
212
214
302
304
306
Jeffers on City Histo n'c East Survey
1C
1C
lC
INC (M)
1 NF
1 NF
1, 1 NF
p ag e 66
379
380
381
382
3 83
38-+
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
MARSHALL STREET (continued)
308
310
312-314
3:20
508
506
21 1
303
307
311
315
317
409
411
413
415-417
419
421
501
503
1 NF
1, 1 NF
1 :NF
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
IM
1 NF
1 NF
I NF
1 NF
1, 1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
LAFA YEITE STREET (North to South)
100
102
104
106
108
IIOA&B
210
210 Rear
212
214
306
308
312-314
IC
I C
1C
IC
1C
lC
IC
1C
lC
IC
lC, IC
1C
1M
Jefferson Cily Historic East Survey page 67
c
411
412
413
414
415
41 6
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
43 1
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
408
410
412
. 00
502
504
506
508
21 1
215-217
301
305
307
309
311
3I5
3I7
323
407
409
4Il
413
415
417
419
42I
50 1
LAFAYETTE STREET (continued)
1
1
1
1
]
1
1
1
I C
lC
I NC
lC
lC
IC, IC
IC
lC, lC
IC
lC
lC
lC
lC
1
1
1
1
1
1M
CHERRY STREET (North to South)
204
206
210
2 12A&B
2 14
304
306
310
I C
l C, lC
lC
lC
IC
lC
INC, INC
IC , lNC
J effe rson City Historic Eas t Survey page 68
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
CHERRY STREET (co ntinu ed )
312
31 4
316
320
40 2
406
412
414
416
424
20 1
203
205
207
209
215
217&217R
305
307
311
405
423
IC
1C, 1C
IC, INC
IC
1C
1C
IC, INC
1C, lC
1C
1C
lC
1C
lC
l C, lC
l C
l C, 1C
2C
l C
1C
INC
lot
1C
CHESTNUT STREET (North to South)
20 0
202
20 4
206
208
2 16
218
322
406
201
203
1
1
1
1
1
1
1' 1
1
lC
1
1
j efferson City Hist oric East Survey page 69
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
205
207
319
321
200
202
204
314
316
320-322
324
328
20 1
203
207
211
215
217
219
301
303
305
311
315
319
325
327
CHESTNUT STREET (contin ued )
1
1
1' 2
1
1 ' 1
ASH STREET (N orth to South)
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
l C
lC
lC
lC
lC
1M
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1 NF
1
1
1, 1
1M
1C
lC, 1C
IC
lC
LINN STREET (North to South)
217
223
1 NF
1 NF
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 70
PINE STREET {North to South)
505 200 1
506 202 1
507 204 1
50 8 206 1
509 ~08
510 :2 10 1, 1 NF
511 212 1
512 214 1
513 2 16 1, 1
514 218 1
-----------------------------------------------------
5I5
516
517
5 18
5I9
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
20I
203
205
215
2I7
306
308
310
316
307
309
311
313
315
403
405
407
409
411
413
214
2I8
lC
1C
INC, INC
IC , 2C
lC, lNC
LOCUST STREET (North to Sou th)
1
1M
1M
1
I
1
1
1' 1
1M
IC
IC
IC
IC
IC
IC
CENTER STREET (North to So uth )
IC, INC
IC
J efferso n City Historic East Survey
r::
lr
~
[I
page 71
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
215
217
214
20 1
203
205
207
209
2 I I
213
215
217
219
202
204
206
208
210
214
216
218
207
209
21 1
416
418
420
422
424
426
CENTER STREET (continued)
lC, lC
lC
OT TV S C:Tp ~-· ··Nor!h ·_2..._ <:;Clt··jj
lC
lC
INC
lC, lC
1C
lC, 1C
1C, INC
INC, lNC
IC
I NC
lC
DAWSON STREET (North to South)
1M
1
1
1
1, 1
1' 1
1
1, 1
1
1
1M
CLARK A VENUE (North to South)
lC
lC
1C
1
1
1
Jefferson City Historic East Survey page 72
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
428
432A&B
429
435-4 37
CLAKK. AV.bNU.b (conu nu ea J
1, 1
1
1M
1
BENTON ST REET (North to Sou th)
208 1M
212 1 NF
308
310
3 12
316
1M
lC, lC
lC
lC
J efferson City Histo ric East Survey page 73
I
I