HomeMy Public PortalAbout20031021 - Agendas Packet - Board of Directors (BOD) - 03-23 Regional Open S1 .-e
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MIDPENINSULA REGIONAL OPEN SPACE DISTRICT
a'H-EERA'I'INC 30 YEARS OE OPEN SPACE PRESERVATION
Meeting 03-23
SPECIAL MEETING
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
MIDPENINSULA REGIONAL OPEN SPACE DISTRICT
7:30 p.m.
Tuesday, October 21, 2003
LOCATION: Town of Portola Valley,California
Town Hall
765 Portola Road,Room 8
AGENDA*
PLEASE NOTE DIFFERENT LOCATION THAN USUAL
7:30* ROLL CALL
ADOPTION OF AGENDA—N.Hanko
BOARD BUSINESS
7:35* 1 Public Hearing Pursuant to Government Code Section 6586.5 on the Proposed 2004 Revenue Bond
Financing by the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District Financing Authority and the Significant
Public Benefit Thereof C.Britton
8:00* AwouRNMEENT
Times are estimated and items may appear earlier or later than listed.Agenda is subject to change of order.
IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT,IF YOU NEED ASSISTANCE TO
PARTICIPATE IN THIS MEETING,PLEASE CONTACT THE DISTRICT CLERK AT(650)691-1200.
NOTIFICATION 48 HOURS PRIOR TO THE MEETING WILL ENABLE THE DISTRICT TO MAKE
REASONABLE ARRANGEMENTS TO ENSURE ACCESSIBILITY TO THIS MEETING.
33o Distel Circle 650-6gi-1200 info@openspace.org BOARD OF DIRECTORS:Pete Siemens,Mary Davey,Jed Cyr, GENERAL MANAGER:
Los Altos CA 94022-1404 650-691-0485 fax www.openspace.org Deane Little,Nonette Hanko,Lorry Hassett,Kenneth C.Nitz L.Craig Britton
Regional Open Sp, 2e
R-03-109
Meeting 03-23 MIDPENINSULA REGIONAL OPEN SPACE DISTRICT
October 21, 2003 CELEBRATING 30 YEARS OF OPEN SPACE PRESERVATION
AGENDA ITEM 1
AGENDA ITEM
Public Hearing Pursuant to Government Code Section 6586.5 on the Proposed 2004 Revenue
Bond Financing by the Midpeninsula Regional Open S ac District Financing Authority and the
Significant Public Benefit Thereof
GENERAL MANAGER'S RECOMMENDATIO
Hold a public hearing for the purpose of receiving comment on the proposed 2004 Revenue
Bond financing by the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District Financing Authority and the
significant public benefit thereof.
DISCUSSION
At your Regular meeting of March 12, 2003, the Controller's report for the 2003-2004 fiscal year
budget stated that due to the current low interest rates, it appears desirable to re-finance the
outstanding 1993 Certificates of Participation and a portion of the 1995 Notes during the second
half of this fiscal year (see Report R-03-30). These debt issues first become eligible for re-
financing in September 2003.
At your Regular meeting of March 26, 2003 as a part of the Budget approval process, the
Administration and Budget Committee noted and supported the issuance of the Midpeninsula
Regional Open Space District Financing Authority 2004 Revenue Bonds (see Report R-03-33).
At a subsequent meeting of the Committee on July 9, 2003, the members endorsed the issuance
of up to $35 million, which includes approximately $10 million for new land acquisitions.
Accordingly, Government Code Section 6586.5 requires public hearings to be held in any county
where the proceeds of such a bond issue are proposed to be spent for District purposes. Public
testimony should be received on the significant public benefit to the District resulting therefrom,
including demonstrable savings to the District. On October 22, 2003 it is proposed that you will
conduct a similar hearing in Santa Clara County and then adopt the required resolution to initiate
the sale of the 2004 Revenue Bonds.
In accordance with the attached letter from Tom Lockard, Managing Director of Stone&
Youngberg, the District's underwriter, the aggregate savings expected from the Midpeninsula
Regional Open Space District Financing Authority's bond structure would total $170,000, which
is deemed to be a significant savings as defined by law.
Prepared by:
L. Craig Britton, General Manager
Contact person:
Same as above
33o Distel Circle 650-691-I200 info@openspace.org BOARD of DIRECTORS:Pete Siemens,Mary Davey,Jed Cyr, GENERAL MANAGER:
Los Altos CA 94022-1404 650-691-0485 fax www.openspace.org Deane Little,Nonette Hanko,Larry Hassett,Kenneth C.Nitz L.Craig Britton
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STONE &
YO U N G B E RG One Ferry Building San Francisco,California 94111 (415) 445-2300
October 14,2004
Mr. Craig Britton
Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District
330 Distel Circle
Los Altos,California 94022
Re: 2004 Financing Program
Dear Craig:
The 2004 Revenue Bond financing program is being issued by the District's Joint Powers
Financing Authority (JPA). The JPA was established in 1996 and at that time the District used
this financing authority to issue the District's 1996 financing program. During 1998 a law was
passed requiring joint powers authorities to conduct public hearings in the jurisdictions where
bond proceeds will be expended. The public hearings are intended to set out the purpose for the
financing and to establish the costs savings expected to be achieved from the JPA financing. We
complied with this law when the District issued bonds in 1999.
The 2004 financing program will refinance at lower interest rates COPs sold in 1993,a portion of
promissory notes sold in 1995 and raise new funds for acquiring open space in Santa Clara and
San Mateo Counties.
By selling the financing program in one issue of JPA revenue bonds the District will realize
savings in excess of$150,000 from the economy of issuing one bond issue rather than in two or
even three—two for the refundings and then another bond issue for the new funds.Included in the
printing, regulatory
costs of bond counsel trustee rating, r ,
$150,000 estimated savings are the co g� p 8
compliance and underwriter's counsel. Also, by combining issues, the District realizes some
annual administrative savings from only paying one set of Trustee and continuing disclosure fees.
I estimate the present value cost of these savings to be approximately $20,000. Therefore, the
aggregate savings expected from the JPA bond structure totals$170,000.
the JPA structure will provide significant ublic benefit to the District by
In m opinion, use o PP
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generating the savings described above.
Sincerely,
Stone&Yo erg LLC
T ni Lac d
Managing Director
cc:Carlo Fowler,Orrick Herrington&Sutcliffe
431600
Regional Open Sp- -e
MIDPENINSULA REGIONAL OPEN SPACE DISTRICT
I HWATIN(: JO YEARS OF OPEN SPACE PRESERVATION
Meeting 03-24
NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING
MIDPENINSULA REGIONAL OPEN SPACE DISTRICT FINANCING AUTHORITY AND
SPECIAL AND REGULAR MEETING
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
MIDPENINSULA REGIONAL OPEN SPACE DISTRICT
6:00 p.m.
Wednesday, October 22,2003
330 Distel Circle
Us Altos, California
Please Note: 6:00 p.m. Special Meeting Start Time
7:30 p.m. Regular Meeting Start Time
AGENDA*
6:00 ROLL CALL
SPECIAL MEETING OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE MIDPENINSULA,REGIONAL OPEN SPACE
DISTRICT—CLOSED SESSION
The Closed Session will begin at 6:00 p.m. At approximately 7:30 p.m.,the Board will adjourn the
Special Meeting Closed Session in order to convene a Regular Meeting of the Midpeninsula Regional
Open Space District. At approximately 8:00 p.m.the District's Regular Meeting will adjourn and the
Special Meeting of the Financing Authority will convene,and, at the conclusion of the Financing
Authority Special Meeting,the Board will reconvene their Regular meeting. The Board may reconvene
the Special Meeting Closed Session, if necessary.
1. Conference with Real Property Negotiator-Government Code Section 54956.8
Real Property-Santa Clara County APN 537-09-003
Agency Negotiator-Michael C.Williams, Real Property Manager
Negotiating Party-Melinda Whiteway,property owner
2. Conference with Legal Counsel-Existing Litigation,Government Code Section 54956.9(a)
Name of Case-Half Moon Bay Coastside Foundation, et al. v. Midpgninsula Regional Open Space
District, San Mateo County Superior Court Case No. CIV432548
3. Conference with Legal Counsel-Anticipated Litigation
Significant exposure to litigation pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.9(b)
(one case)
7:30 REGULAR METING OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE MIDPENINSULA REGIONAL OPEN SPACE
DISTRICT
ORAL commumcAmNs-Public
ADOPTION OF AGENDA
ADOPTION OF CONSENT CALENDAR-N. flanko
33o Distel Circle 650-691-1200 info@openspace.org BOA R D 0 1 F)I R FC 10 R S: t,ete siernens,Mary Davey,Jed Cyr, GENERAL MANAGER:
Los Altos CA 94022-1404 650-691-0485 fax www.openspace.org Deane Little,Nonette Honko,Larry Hassett,Kenneth C.Nitz L.Craig Britton
Meeting 03-24 Page 2
*** WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
BOARD BUSINESS
7:35* 1 Appointment of Thomas Valterria as a Peace Officer;Adopt the Attached Resolution for Board
Appointment of Thomas Valterria as Peace Officer—G. Baillie
7:45* 2A Public Hearing Pursuant to Government Code Section 6586.5 on the Proposed 2004 Revenue
Bond Financing by the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District Financing Authority and the
Significant Public Benefit Thereof—C. Britton
2B Issuance of 2004 Revenue Bonds;Adopt the Attached Resolution Approving the Issuance and
Sale by the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District Financing Authority of up to$35 Million
of Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District Financing Authority 2004 Revenue Bonds and
Determining that there are Significant Public Benefits to the District from such Financing in
Santa Clara County;Adopt the Attached Resolution Approving the Issuance and Sale by the
Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District Financing Authority of up to$35 Million of
Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District Financing Authority 2004 Revenue Bonds and
Determining that there are Significant Public Benefits to the District from such Financing in San
Mateo County; Adopt the Attached Resolution Authorizing the Execution and Delivery of a Site
Lease,a Project Lease and a Continuing Disclosure Agreement,and Approving a Preliminary
Official Statement and an Agreement for Bond Counsel Services and Certain.Other Matters in
Connection Therewith —M.Foster
THE REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE MIDPENINSULA REGIONAL OPEN SPACE
DISTRICT WILL ADJOURN AT THIS TIME TO CONVENE A SPECIAL MEETING OF THE MIDPENINSULA REGIONAL
OPEN SPACE DISTRICT FINANCING AUTHORITY.THE DISTRICT'S REGULAR MEETING WILL,CONVENE AFTER
THE ADJOURNMENT OF THE FINANCING AUTHORITY MEETING
8:05* SPECIAL MEETING OF THE MIDPENINSULA REGIONAL OPEN SPACE DISTRICT FINANCING
AUTHORITY
ROLL CALL
ADOPTION OF AGENDA
ADOPTION OF CONSENT CALENDAR
*** APPROVAL OF MINUTES
• October 9,2002
8:10* 1 Approval of Issuance of up to$35 Million of Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District
Financing Authority 2004 Revenue Bonds;Authorization for Executive Director to Execute the
Bond Purchase Contract with Stone&Youngberg LLC,the Agreement for Bond Counsel
Services with Orrick,Herrington&Sutcliffe,and Other Agreements Required for Bond Issuance;
Adopt the Attached Resolution of the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District Financing
Authority Authorizing the Issuance, Sale and Delivery of Not to Exceed$35 Million
Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District Financing Authority 2004 Revenue Bonds;
Authorizing the Execution and Delivery of a Site Lease,a Project Lease,an Indenture in
Connection Therewith and Authorizing the Execution and Delivery of an Official Statement,a
Bond Purchase Contract,a Local Obligation Purchase Contract,a Preliminary Official Statement,
a Continuing Disclosure Agreement Relating to Such Bonds,an Agreement for Bond Counsel
Services;and Taking Certain Other Actions in Connection Therewith—M.Foster
i
i
Meeting 03-24 Page 3
*** 2 Acceptance of the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District Financing Authority Financial
Statement and Report of Independent Certified Public Accountants as Compiled by Macias,Gini
&Company LLP, Certified Public Accountants,and Authorization for the Executive Director to
File the Annual Continuing Disclosure Report as Required by Law—C.Britton
THE SPECIAL MEETING OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE MIDPENINSULA REGIONAL OPEN SPACE
DISTRICT FINANCING AUTHORITY WILL ADJOURN AT THIS TIME TO RE-CONVENE THE REGULAR MEETING
OF THE MIDPENINSULA REGIONAL OPEN SPACE DISTRICT.
8:30* RECONVENE THE REGULAR MEETING OF THE MIDPENINSULA REGIONAL OPEN SPACE DISTRICT
8:30 3 Authorization to Execute a Contract with Page&Turnbull in an Amount Not to Exceed$44,920
for Architectural and Engineering Consulting Services for the Seismic Upgrade of the Winery
Building at Picchetti Ranch Open Space Preserve;Authorize the General Manager to Execute a
Contract with Page&Turnbull in an Amount of$39,062 and a Contingency of$5,858 for a Total
Amount Not to Exceed$44,920 for Architectural and Engineering Services for the Proposed
Seismic Upgrade of the Winery Building at Picchetti Ranch Open Space Preserve—D.Vu
8:40* 4 Notice of Contract Completion and Acceptance of Work for Repairs to Old Page Mill Trail at
Skyline Ridge Open Space Preserve;Authorize the General Manager to Execute the Attached
Notice of Contract Completion for the Old Page Mill Trail Repair Project— S. Sommer
*** 5 Approve the Preliminary Use and Management Plan for the Lion"Redwood Park"Property
Addition to Purisima Creek Open Space Preserve—M.Williams
*** 6 Scheduling Board Meetings in November and December 2003;Cancel Your November 26,2003
Regular Meeting; Cancel Your December 24,2003 Regular Meeting—C. Britton
*** REVISED CLAIMS
8:45* INFORMATIONAL REPORTS—Directors and Staff
9:00* ADJOURNAUNT
* Times are estimated and items may appear earlier or later than listed.Agenda is subject to change of
order.
** TO ADDRESS THE BOARD: The Chair will invite public comment on agenda items at the time each item is
considered by the Board of Directors. You may address the Board concerning other matters during Oral
Communications. Each speaker will ordinarily be limited to three minutes. Alternately,you may
comment to the Board by a written communication, which the Board appreciates.
*** All items on the consent calendar may be approved without discussion by one motion. Board members,
the General Manager, and members of the public may request that an item be removed form the Consent
Calendar during consideration of the Consent Calendar.
IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT,IF YOU NEED ASSISTANCE TO
PARTICIPATE IN THIS MEETING,PLEASE CONTACT THE DISTRICT CLERK AT(650)691-1200.
NOTIFICATION 48 HOURS PRIOR TO THE MEETING WILL ENABLE THE DISTRICT TO MAKE
REASONABLE ARRANGEMENTS TO ENSURE ACCESSIBILITY TO THIS MEETING.
Regional Open Space
MIDPENINSULA REGIONAL OPEN SPACE DISTRICT
October 23, 2003
garyia,tnorgenthaler.com
Via Electronic Mail
Subject: Rattlesnakes on the Toyon Trail
Dear Mr. Morgenthaler:
Please forgive the tardiness of my response to your e-mail of September 22, 2003 detailing your
encounters with rattlesnakes on the Toyon Trail in Portola Valley. Members of District staff were in the
midst of researching rattlesnakes to better answer your questions, when they realized your e-mail was
actually addressed to the Board,not to staff. This meant your letter had to be presented to the Board at its
next regular meeting before it could be answered, hence the delay.
According to Cindy Roessler, the District's Resource Management Specialist,the only species of
rattlesnake native to our area is the Western rattlesnake(Crotalus oreganus), a much less deadly species
than its cousin the Western diamondback rattlesnake(Crotalus atrox). Although a bite from.a Western
rattlesnake may cause serious tissue damage if not treated within 18 hours, it rarely causes death.
Interestingly, many of the Western rattlesnake's bites are, in fact, "dry bites,"i.e. without venom. Of
course, it is only prudent, and we certainly recommend, that medical treatment be sought for any
snakebite.
You might find it reassuring to know that a Western rattlesnake's strike is, more often than not, defensive
in nature and is almost always preceded by the loud "buzzing"of its rattle. Leave the creature alone and
it will leave you alone. And it is not surprising that you should have encountered snakes in the middle of
the trail, for there is hardly a better place in the world for a cold-blooded creature to soak up the solar heat
it needs for its very survival than a sun-soaked, exposed dirt trail.
Although the open space is there for all of us to enjoy,we must remember that it is also the very nature of
open space to harbor wild creatures. It is their home. This is why the District posts warnings at all its
trailheads of the presence of not only rattlesnakes,but mountain lions, coyotes, and ticks, in the preserves.
You perhaps did not see such a sign because we believe the Toyon Trail you describe is not actually on
District land,but is in Coal Mine Ridge Preserve, owned and managed by the Town of Portola Valley. If
you would like to contact the town about your experience with the rattlesnakes, their telphone number is
(650) 851-1700.
Thank you so much for our concern and our kind words about the District's trails. May you continue
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to enjoy the open space, and its creatures, for many years to come.
Sincerely,
Y
Nonette Hanko, President
NH:gb:ak
cc: MROSD Board of Directors
330 Distel Circle• Los Altos,CA 94022-1404• Phone: (650) 691-1200
Fax: (650) 691-0485 • E-mail: mrosd@openspace.org• Web site: www.openspace.com
Board of Directors:Pete Siemens,Mary C. Davey,Jed Cyr, Deane Little, Nonette Hanko, Larry Hassett,Kenneth C. Nitz•Genera!Manager: L.Craig Britton
An Open Letter to the MPRO" Board of Directors Page I of 2
Lisa Zadek
From: Kristi Webb
Sent: Monday, September 22, 2003 9:55 AM
To: Lisa Zadek
Subject: Fw:An Open Letter to the MPROSD Board of Directors
Hi Lisa,
For the FYIs.
-Kristi
Original Message
From: Gary J. Morgenthaler
To: kwebbO-openspace.org
Sent: Monday, September 22,2003 1:36 AM
Subject:An Open Letter to the MPROSD Board of Directors
An Open Letter to the MPROSD Board of Directors:
My family and I are residents of Portola Valley and
frequently enjoy your wonderful trail system at MPROSD.
In particular, I find great beauty and serenity in running
your trails that adjoin Portola Valley.
Your mission statement has the following statement regarding public safety:
d. The District monitors and manages its preserves to provide a safe environment for visitors and
neighbors. (*15)
I want,therefore,to alert you to a potentially
life-threatening situation. Twice in the last month,
I have run ascending Toyon Trail only to find a rattlesnake
coiled in the middle of the trail. While I am no expert on
snakes, I found a volume on snakes and went looking for
the closest match. Based on its markings—and its
segmented rattle—the snake appears to be a
Western Diamondback rattlesnake. As no doubt
you know,these are the deadliest snakes in
North America and account for more serious and fatal
human injuries than any other North American reptile.
Both my encounters with the snake were along Toyon
Trail approximately 1/4 mile below its hilltop intersection
with Coal Mine Trail and Old Spanish Trail.The rattlesnake
appears to have built a nest about three feet below the trail.
The bite of the Western Diamondback is said to be so
venomous that a human victim will die within seconds.
Any other snake, and I would not bother you with this.
Best regards—and thanks for such a wonderful trail system.
9/22/2003
•An Open Letter to the MPRO' Board of Directors Page 2 of 2
Gary Morgenthaler
Gary J.Morgenthaler
General Partner
Morgenthaler Ventures
2710 Sand Hill Road, Suite 100
Menlo Park, CA 94025
650 388-7612 telephone
650 388-7613 facsimile
garym@morgenthaler.com
<<Gary J.Morgenthaler(garym@morgenthaler.com).vcf>>
Gary g J. Morgenthaler
General Partner
Morgenthaler Ventures
2710 Sand Hill Road, Suite 100
Menlo Park, CA 94025
650 388-7612 telephone
650 388-7613 facsimile
garym@morgenthaler.com
<<Gary J. Morgenthaler(garym@morgenthaler.com).vcf>>
9/22/2003
C. atrox Page 1 of 2
Crotalus atrox
Western Diamondback Rattlesnake
7
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Geographical location and Habitat
The Western Diamondback Rattlesnake covers a large range across the lower United States and Mexico. The Western
Diamondback Rattlesnake's territory ranges from the southern tip of Nevada, across Arizona south of the line from
Lake Mead and the Mogolion Rim, and into southeastern California northeast of Baja California. The range spans
eastward to Oklahoma, Arkansas, and south to central Mexico. Western Diamondback Rattlers occur over varied
county, embracing the mountains up to altitudes of 8000 ft, the seacoasts levels, inland plains, desert areas, and are
much at home in regions of heavy timber. C. atrox hibernates in the burrows of other small animals, but are often seen
laying in the sun on rocks, and on the side of roads. They are nocturnal, but can also be abroad during the daytime. The
color pattern of the snake is due to its environment, as it helps to camouflage the snakes in the sand or rocks.
Snake's dimension
Western Diamondback Rattlesnake can attain a length of 7 ft, but the average size is between 3 and 4 ft.
Physical characteristics
The Western Diamondback Rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox, belong to the family Viperidae, subfamily Crotalinae, and
genus Crotalus. It is the second largest rattler in North America(Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake #1). The Western
Diamondback Rattlesnake holds first lace for the most serious bites and highest fatality rate from snakebites in North
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America(Conant and Collins, 1991). Species classification is dependent upon scale morphology and patterns . The
Western Diamondback has lidless eyes that are protected b the outer skin. The Western Diamondback has alternating
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bands of black and white that are of equal width in the tail. Brown diamond shaped markings are found along the
middle of the rattlers back. These distinguishable markings stand out against their lighter body color. Rattlesnakes are
pit vipers. Pit vipers are a group of venomous snakes that have depressions in the front of their eyes. These pits serve as
heat sensing organs that aid in the detection of warm-blooded prey. These pits regulate the amount of venom injected
into their prey to kill the animal. Their two parted tongue enables the rattlesnake to smell. The delicate tip of the tongue
carries particles to Jacobson's organs. These two pits which are found in the mouth enable the snake to designate how
far right or left the prey is from them. C. atrox will eat anything as long as it is alive, warm, and furry; however, small
mammals such as mice, rats, rabbits, and ground squirrels are preferred.
The rattle is the most distinguishing feature of the snake. It is a horny section at the end of the tail, which serves to
scare off intruders. After each molt, the rattle of the snake will gain a new section in the rattle. However, adequate
information about the age of the rattlesnake cannot be determined by counting the sections of the rattle, as it may have
been broken or the snake may have shed more than once a year. The life span of five Western Diamondbacks at the San
Diego Zoo has exceeded 15 yrs.
I
http://ntri.tamuk.edu/herpetarium/vipen'dae/c.atrox/catrox.html 9/23/2003
C. atrox Page 2 of 2
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Click on the picture above to see a larger image.
Nature of Venom
The venom of the rattlesnake is injected through fangs which fold back when the mouth is closed. The venom gland is
located between each eye, and a duct conveys the venom from the gland to the fang at the front of the jaw on the same
side. When venom is squeezed out of the gland by muscles it enters the fang through an opening at the upper end.
Venom is then injected into the prey by an opening near the tip of the fang. The rattlesnake will usually strike its prey
with a venomous bite, and then retreat until the toxin has had an opportunity to work. The snake will then use its heat
sensing ability to find the wounded prey, and proceed to swallow their catch. Large Western Diamondback rattlesnakes
can be milked every two weeks and give lml of venom.
Snakebites create medical emergencies when humans are envenomated. The venom of the Western Diamondback
Rattlesnake is a complex mixture of toxins. Hemorrhagins, the predominant toxins, are zinc metalloproteinases which
cause extensive tissue damage, edema and hemorrhage in humans.
REFERENCES
Behler, J.L. & F.W. King, 1979,Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles, &Amphibians.
Cochran, Doris M. & Coleman, J. Goin, 1970, The New Field Book of Reptiles &Amphibians.
Contant, Roger 1975,A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America Second
Edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MASS, p.236.
Klauber, Laurence M 1956, Rattlesnakes Their Habits, Life Histories, and Influence on Mankind Volume I, University
of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles,pgs. 418, 455, 469, 588.
Liczbinski, Bill, "Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox)", 74561.3205@compuserve.com
For more Biotechnical information and to view HPLC profile of the snake please click HERE.
http://ntri.tamuk.edu/herpetarium/viperidae/c.atrox/catrox.html 9/23/2003
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