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NOTICE OF REGULAR MEETING AND TENTATIVE AGENDAi
City of Jefferson Historic Preservation Commission
Tuesday, February 9, 2021 ~ 6:00 p.m.
Virtual Meeting-WebEx
https://jeffersoncity.webex.com/jeffersoncity/j.php?MTID=mf8563eece98f8cf1367cf415c9feba87
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TENTATIVE AGENDA
1. Introductions and Roll Call
2. Procedural Matters
Determination of quorum
Call for cases
Receive and review requests for continuance
Receive requests for reordering the agenda
Format of hearing
List of exhibits
3. Adoption of Agenda (as printed or reordered)
4. Approval of December 8, 2020 Regular Meeting Minutes
5. Communications Received
a. National Register Nominations
i. Simonsen High School
ii. Orchard Acres/Sugarbaker Property
6. Demolition Clearance Public Hearing-Over 100 Years Old
a. 410 Union Street
b. 308 Case Avenue
7. Demolition Clearance Review-Under 100 Years Old
a. 413 Case Avenue
8. New Business
a. Section 106 Review – 627 Georgia Street
9. Other Business
a. Landmark Awards
10. Dates to Remember
a. Next Regular Meeting Date, March 9, 2021
11. Adjournment
City of Jefferson Historic Preservation Commission Minutes
Regular Meeting – Tuesday, December 8, 2020
Virtual WebEx Meeting
Commission Members Present A t tendance Record
Mary Schantz, Chairperson 1 1 o f 1 2
Alan Wheat 1 1 o f 1 2
T i f f a n y P a t t e r s o n 8 o f 9
Gail Jones 1 0 o f 1 2
Brad Schaefer 1 0 o f 1 2
Michael Berendzen 8 o f 1 2
Gregory Bemboom 1 0 o f 1 2
Donna Deetz, Vice Chairperson 1 0 o f 1 2
Commission Members Absent Attendance Record
S t e v e n H o f f m a n 1 0 o f 1 2
Council Liaison Present
Laura Ward
Staff Present
Rachel Senzee, Neighborhood Services Supervisor
Karlie Reinkemeyer, Neighborhood Services Specialist
Sonny Sanders, Director of Planning & Protective Services
Ryan Moehlman, City Attorney
Ahnna Nanoski, Planner
Guests Present
Paul Samson,
Missy Bonnot
Derek Eilers
Ryan Gilmore
Councilman Ron Fitzwater
Call to Order
Ms. Schantz called the meeting to order at 6:00p.m.
Adoption of Agenda
Mr. Berendzen moved and Ms. Patterson seconded to adopt the agenda as amended. The
motion passed unanimously.
Approval of Regular Meeting Minutes
Mr. Berendzen moved and Ms. Jones seconded to approve the minutes from the November 10,
2020 Regular Meeting as written. The motion passed unanimously.
Demolition Clearance (Over 100 Years Old)- 165 Militia Drive
Ms. Senzee read the format of the public hearing and order of testimony. Ms. Senzee provided
the staff report giving the overview of the property under consideration. Ms. Senzee explained
that 165 Militia Drive is historically known as the Vanderfeltz Farm. The property underwent a
Section 106 Review and the State Historic Preservation Office has a report on it. Ms. Senzee
explained that the demolition application is for the residential structure and the remaining
farmstead structures on the property. The demolition will provide for a business park to be
developed. Ms. Senzee explained that the property is not on the National Register, but is
eligible due to the significant character and qualities. However, there is no adaptive reuse
potential and the property would better serve as a business park.
Ms. Senzee explained that the property does hold historical significance but it no longer
functions of the same premise of which its integrity was originally established and no feasible
adaptive reuse is foreseeable and most of the architectural features that originally made the
property significant have been removed by the family.
Ms. Senzee stated that it is recommended that the commission approve the demolition with the
condition that photographs of the demolition are provided especially if log construction and/or
grout house construction is discovered during its dismantling.
Paul Samson, Central Missouri Professional Services, the agent for the Jefferson City Chamber
of Commerce. Mr. Samson explained that the Chamber of Commerce purchased the property
from the Vanderfeltz family in 2006 with the intention of developing the property as an industrial
park. The home was still occupied up until two years ago and since then the Chamber has
wanted to demolish the rest and make it more presentable for commercial development. The
Vanderfeltz family auctioned off personal belonging and barns which resulted in a log barn
taken down at that time. Mr. Samson explained that the only significant structure that remains
on the property is the home. Mr. Samson stated that the Vanderfeltz family had removed any
architecturally salvageable items including planks of the hardwood floor and floor joists resulting
in gaping holes.
Mr. Samson stated that Section 106 Review was completed due to issues with the Corps of
Engineers permitting process during the Fabick building project. The Memorandum of
Understanding was completed. Mr. Samson stated that pictures will be taken when the structure
is dismantled.
Councilwoman Ward asked if there is an existing log house within the walls of the dwelling. Mr.
Samson stated that a grout house was identified in the HABS report. Mr. Samson stated that he
does not think actual log construction is remaining within the walls of the home.
Ms. Patterson explained that the grout house is a unique type of construction and is an early
form of concrete.
Mr. Samson and Ms. Bonnot, Interim Chamber President & CEO explained that if a grout house
and/or log construction is found they would notify appropriate individuals before proceeding and
they do not want to demolish history. Ms. Bonnot reiterated that photo documentation will be
carried out.
Ms. Deetz moved and Mr. Wheat seconded that demolition clearance application be approved
with the condition that arrangements be made if a grout home/log construction is found during
dismantling. The motion passed unanimously.
Demolition Review (50-99 Years Old)- 210 E. High Street Addition
Ms. Senzee provided the staff report giving the overview of the property under consideration.
The addition was added between the years of 1975-1980. Ms. Senzee clarified that the
demolition application is for the addition on the backside of the building only. She stated that the
property owners insisted that the original structure will not be impacted by the removal of the
addition. The original structure was built in ca. 1880 and will be rehabilitated to its original state.
The property is listed in the National Registered District and is a contributing building to the
Missouri State Capitol Historic District. The property was formerly the Dallmeyer Feed Store and
a JC Penney’s.
Ms. Senzee indicated that the 1975-1980 addition has been declared dangerous. She stated
that this property came back as a life and safety issue according to the structural survey report
which was completed over the summer. The property is also in conflict with the Secretary of
Interior Standards for Additions to Historic Structures. Ms. Senzee stated that it is
recommended that the addition be demolished and the original structure be rehabilitated.
Mr. Eilers and Mr. Gilmore stated that they are leaving the original structure in place and the
back portion is the only part being demolished. Mr. Gilmore explained that the structure being
removed will provide for more parking. Mr. Eilers and Mr. Gilmore explained that rehabilitating
the structure and façade to its original state is the goal.
Mr. Berendzen moved and Mr. Wheat seconded to approve the demolition review application for
the addition. The motion passed unanimously.
New Business
A. Election of Officers
Donna Deetz stated she was interested in serving as Chair or Vice Chair and Alan Wheat stated
he was interested in serving as Vice Chair. Mr. Moehlman explained that a motion to approve
the slate by acclimation would be an acceptable way to elect the officers.
Ms. Patterson moved and Mr. Berendzen seconded to approve the slate by acclamation. The
motion passed unanimously.
Ms. Deetz was elected to Chair and Mr. Wheat elected to Vice Chair. They will take over their
responsibilities in January 2021.
Other Business
A. Historic Preservation Code Update
Ms. Senzee stated that a selective list of candidates is still being compiled to present to the
Mayor. She explained that the City Council would establish a special committee and the Mayor
would appoint the committee. Ms. Senzee stated that Ms. Deetz would be interested in
representing the Historic Preservation Commission. Art Hernandez and Holly Stitt also
expressed interest in joining the committee. Mr. Schaefer stated he is interested in representing
the Historic Preservation Commission.
Ms. Senzee stated that she plans to reach out to the Board of Realtors for their representation.
She asked the commissioners for their assistance in recommending individuals to join the
special committee. Mr. Bemboom suggested reaching out to the Homeowners Association.
B. Comprehensive Plan Feedback- JC-CP (online).pdf (revize.com)
Ahnna Nanoski provided an overview of the city’s comprehensive plan seeking input
from the commission members. She explained that a comprehensive plan is a multi-
disciplinary policy document that can be used by city leaders, developers, business
owners, and anyone looking to make decisions about how Jefferson City should be
maintained, strengthened and developed.
Ms. Nanoski explained that the process began a year ago with the first community
engagement phase, stakeholder interviews, community workshops, and an online
survey. The data gathered resulted in a draft comprehensive plan. Ms. Nanoski
explained that the final community engagement phase is in effect. Feedback from the
community is sought after to ensure the comprehensive plan is appropriate for Jefferson
City’s future.
Comments can be emailed to Ahnna Nanoksi (ananoski@jeffcitymo.org) or complete
the online survey (Review and Rate Activate Jefferson City 2040 Survey (surveymonkey.com))
Dates to Remember
A. Next Regular Meeting Date, January 12, 2020.
Adjournment
Mr. Bemboom moved and Mr. Wheat seconded to adjourn the meeting at 7: 30 p.m. The motion
passed unanimously.
Communications Received
December 30, 2020
Rachel Senzee
Historic Preservation Commission
320 E. McCarty St.
Jefferson C ity, MO 65101
dnr.mo.gov
Re: EARL SIMONSEN HIGH SCHOOL, 501 E. Miller Street, J efferson City, Co le County;
ORCHARD ACRES , 2 11 3 W. Main Street, Jefferson City, Cole County
Dear Rachel Senzee:
We ar e pleased to infmm you that the above named properti es have been nominated for li s tin g in
the Nationa l Register of Hi sto ric P laces. They may be scheduled for revi ew at the next M issouri
Advi sory Co unci l on Historic Preservation m eeting on March 5, 2021, at 10 a .m. Due to recent
concerns regarding the spr ead of COVID-19, the meeting will be h e ld remotely. Instructions on
how to participate in t he meeting will be posted on our websi te at least a week prior to the
mee tin g: https:/ /dnr.mo.gov/shpo/
As a Certified Local Government (CLG), yo ur community i s part of a preservation partn ership
with the State Historic Preservation Office and the National Park Se rv ice. A key part of that
partne rship is prov iding comments on National Regis ter n omination s for properties w ithin your
jurisdiction. To th i s e nd, p lease find enclosed a draft nomination and the "Certified Loca l
Governments and the National Reg is ter of H istoric Places" document, which inc lud es a report
form th at can be used to record commen ts from the CLG commi ssion and the chi ef e lected
official. Please submit comments to the State Hi s toric Preservation Office, P.O. Box 176,
Jefferson C ity, MO 65102 prior to th e above m e ntioned meeting date. Please call 573-751-7858
if you have any questions.
S in cere ly ,
STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE
Toni M. Prawl, Ph.D.
Director a nd Deputy
State Historic Preservation Officer
0
Rocyclod papor
Missouri CLG National Register of Historic Places -Nomination Review Report Form
Property Name: Simonsen School, 501 E. Miller St., Jefferson City, Cole County
Certified Local Government: Rachel Senzee
Date of public meeting at which nomination was reviewed:
Criteria of Significance Please check the responses appropriate to the nomination review.
NOTE: For more information on the criteria, see National Register Bulletin: 15 How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation.
0 Criterion A. Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to our history.
D Criterion B. Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past.
0 Criterion C. Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period or method of construction, or represents
a work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose
components may lack individual distinction (a district).
D Criterion D. Property has yielded or may be likely to yield information important in prehistory or history.
D None of the Above
Integrity Please check below the responses appropriate to the nomination review.
NOTE: For more information on integrity, see National Register Bulletin: 15 How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation.
0 The property retains authentic historic character from its period of significance.
D The property has been significantly altered and no longer retains authentic historic character from its period of
significance.
Review Comments Please check below the responses appropriate to the nomination review.
Commission/Board
D The commission/board recommends that the property is significant, retains integrity and is eligible for listing in the
National Register of Historic Places.
D The commission/board recommends that the property does not meet the criteria of significance and/or no longer
retains integrity and is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places.
D The commission/board chooses not to make a recommendation on the nomination. An explanation of the lack of a
recommendation is attached.
Chief Elected Official
0 The chief elected official recommends that the property is significant, retains integrity and is eligible for listing in the
National Register of Historic Places.
0 The chief elected official recommends that the property does not meet the criteria of significance and/or no longer
retains integrity and is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places.
D The chief elected official chooses not to make a recommendation on the nomination. An explanation of the lack of a
recommendation is attached.
Attach additional sheets for further comments.
CLG Commission/Board Chair or Representative
Print Name: __________________________________________________________________ _
Signature and Date:----------------------------------
Chief Elected Official or Designee
Print Name:----------------------------------
Signature and Date: -------------------------------------------------------------
Certifi ed Local Governmen ts and the National Register of Historic P laces
Introd ucti on
As pa rt of the partnership between the State Hi stor ic Preservatio n Office (SHPO) and a Certifi ed Local
Governme nt (CLG), the CLG is re spo ns ible for reviewi ng and commenting on Nationa l Reg ister of Hi sto ri c
P laces nom in ations* for propertie s with in it s juri sd ict ion . The SHPO forwards draft no mination s to a CLG short ly
after rece ipt. T he chi ef elected offic ia l and the lo ca l hi sto ric preservation commiss ion (local commission) review
th e nominat ion s and se parately co mm ent o n them before they are presented at a M issou ri Adviso ry Cou nc il on
Histo ri c Preservation (MOACI-IP) meetin g .
Com menting o n Nom in ations
The National Regi ster of Hi sto ri c Places no mination proce ss req uires pub li c participation ; for thi s reaso n it is
recom mended that con s ideration ofNationa l Reg iste r nom in ations be placed on a local commi ss ion meetin g
age nd a. Pl ease ens ur e the nomination is s hared with local commiss io n me mb ers and th e chi ef e lected offic ia l.
Loca l preservat io n commiss ions have a n int imate knowledge of loca l hi sto ry and re sou rce s. Using that
know led ge and Nationa l Park Serv ice guidan ce o n the Natio nal Reg ister of Hi storic P laces, consid er th e
fo ll ow in g qu estio ns about th e property and the no m ination (see the Rev iew Report Form attac hme nt):
• Us in g the Natio na l Re g iste r Cr iter ia of S ignific ance , is the property hi sto ri ca ll y s ign ificant?
• Does the prop erty retain hi stor ic integrity?
• To the be st of yo ur know ledge, is the information in the nomination co rrect?
• Does the nom in at io n contain s uffic ient information to document t he s ignifi ca nce a nd in tegr ity of the
property?
Fo ll ow in g rev iew, both the loca l com mi ss ion and the chi ef e lected official of the CLG w ill inform the SHPO of
their se parate opinio ns regardin g t he Natio na l Reg iste r nom in ation prior to th e c losest MOAHCP me eting . If th e
loca l comm iss io n and/o r the c hi ef e lected offic ia l support th e nom in ation or if no comments are rece ived, t he
SHPO w ill proce ss the no min ation accord in g to fed eral guid e I in es. If the local commission or the chief e lected
officia l oppose the nomination , a letter or repo rt o ut linin g t he rea sons for objection sha ll be forwa rded to the
SHPO . P lease note , comm e nts shou ld be ba se d u po n whether o r not a property meets National Register cri ter ia as
outlined by NPS guidance (see links below). If both the loca l comm issio n and chief e lected officia l object to the
nomination , the property w ill not be no min ated to the Nationa l Register of Histor ic P laces unl ess the decis io n is
appea led via the proce ss o utlined in 36 CFR 60.12. Please note , eve n in cases where bot h th e local comm iss ion
and the ch ief e lected offic ial object to the li sting, the SHPO may sti ll process th e nom inatio n fo r a d etermin at ion
of eli g ibility via the MOACHP and NPS but this act does not res ul t in formal listin g.
CLG No min at ion Revi ew Repmt Fo rm
Attached is a rev iew for m that ca n be use d to provid e comments o n National Register nominations to the SHPO.
T here are sectio ns on the form to record local commi ss io n and chi ef e lected offic ia l comments (thus a si ng le fo rm
may be se nt back to th e SHPO). Use of thi s form is not required a nd is pr ov ided on ly as a guide fo r prov iding
comments and recommendation s. Please prov ide comm ents to the SI-I PO pr ior to the M isso uri Adv iso ry Co un ci l
o n H istor ic Preservation meetin g.
Lin ks
NPS Bull etin 16A: How to Comple te the National Register Form:
https ://www.nps.gov/nr/publications/bulletins/nrb 16a/
NPS Bull etin 15: Applying National Register Criteria for Evaluation:
https ://www.nps.gov/nr/p ubli cati o ns/bu ll etins/nrb 15/
General National Regi ste r information: https ://dn r.mo.gov /shpo/nationa l.ht m
Mis so uri Adv isory Co un c il meetings (in c lud es sc hed ul e, link to draft nominatio ns, and lin k to Co uncil 's
dec is ion s): https://dnr.mo .gov /s hpo /moachp .htm
*T he SHPO forwa rds non-federa l nominati ons to CLG s. Fede ral nom in ations ha ve a separate process. See 36 CFR 60 for
more informat ion: https://www.law .co rn ell .edu/cfr/text/36 /pmt-60 .
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
1
National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How
to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for
"not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the
instructions. Place additional certification comments, entries, and narrative items on continuation sheets if needed (NPS Form 10-900a).
1. Name of Property
Historic name Ernst Simonsen High School
Other names/site number Ernst Simonsen Junior High School, Jefferson City High School, Simonsen 9th Grade
School, Simonsen 9th Grade Center
Name of related Multiple Property Listing N/A
2. Location
Street & number 501 E. Miller St. N/A not for publication
City or town Jefferson City N/A vicinity
State Missouri Code MO County Cole Code 51 Zip code 65101
3. State/Federal Agency Certification
As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended,
I hereby certify that this nomination _ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for
registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements
set forth in 36 CFR Part 60.
In my opinion, the property _ meets _ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property
be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance:
national statewide local
Applicable National Register Criteria: A B C D
Signature of certifying official/Title Date
Missouri Department of Natural Resources
State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government
In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register criteria.
Signature of commenting official Date
Title State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government
4. National Park Service Certification
I hereby certify that this property is:
entered in the National Register determined eligible for the National Register
determined not eligible for the National Register removed from the National Register
other (explain:) _________________
Signature of the Keeper Date of Action
United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Ernst Simonsen High School Cole County, Missouri
Name of Property County and State
2
5. Classification
Ownership of Property
(Check as many boxes as apply.)
Category of Property
(Check only one box.)
Number of Resources within Property
(Do not include previously listed resources in the count.)
Contributing Noncontributing
X private X building(s) 1 0 buildings
public - Local district 0 0 sites
public - State site 0 0 structures
public - Federal structure 0 0 objects
object 1 0 Total
Number of contributing resources previously
listed in the National Register
8
6. Function or Use
Historic Functions
(Enter categories from instructions.)
Current Functions
(Enter categories from instructions.)
EDUCATION / school VACANT / NOT IN USE
7. Description
Architectural Classification
(Enter categories from instructions.) Materials
(Enter categories from instructions.)
LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY
REVIVALS: Classical Revival foundation: Concrete
walls: Brick
roof: Flat – temporary roll roofing
other:
X
NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION ON CONTINUTATION PAGES
United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Ernst Simonsen High School Cole County, Missouri
Name of Property County and State
8. Statement of Significance
Applicable National Register Criteria
(Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National
Register listing.)
X A Property is associated with events that have made a
significant contribution to the broad patterns of our
history.
B Property is associated with the lives of persons
significant in our past.
C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics
of a type, period, or method of construction or
represents the work of a master, or possesses high
artistic values, or represents a significant
and distinguishable entity whose components lack
individual distinction.
D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information
important in prehistory or history.
Criteria Considerations
(Mark "x" in all the boxes that apply.)
Property is:
A
Owned by a religious institution or used for religious
purposes.
B
removed from its original location.
C
a birthplace or grave.
D
a cemetery.
E
a reconstructed building, object, or structure.
F
a commemorative property.
G
less than 50 years old or achieving significance
within the past 50 years.
X
STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE ON CONTINUTATION PAGES
Areas of Significance
EDUCATION
Period of Significance
1905 - 1956
Significant Dates
1914, 1939
Significant Person
(Complete only if Criterion B is marked above.)
N/A
Cultural Affiliation
N/A
Architect/Builder
Felt & Kriehn Architects, Kansas City, MO (1939)
Lee Van Horn, contractor (1939)
9. Major Bibliographical References
Bibliography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form.)
Previous documentation on file (NPS): Primary location of additional data:
X preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67 has been X State Historic Preservation Office
requested) Other State agency
previously listed in the National Register Federal agency
previously determined eligible by the National Register Local government
designated a National Historic Landmark University
recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey #____________ Other
recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # __________ Name of repository:
recorded by Historic American Landscape Survey # ___________
Historic Resources Survey Number (if assigned): N/A_____________________________________________________________________
N/A
10. Geographical Data
United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018
Ernst Simonsen High School Cole County, Missouri
Name of Property County and State
Acreage of Property 3.7 acres
Latitude/Longitude Coordinates
Datum if other than WGS84:__________
(enter coordinates to 6 decimal places)
1 38.570963 -92.169040 3
Latitude: Longitude: Latitude:
Longitude:
2 4
Latitude: Longitude:
Latitude: Longitude:
UTM References
(Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet.)
NAD 1927 or X NAD 1983
1 15 572387.3 4269494.9 3
Zone
Easting
Northing Zone
Easting
Northing
2 4
Zone
Easting
Northing
Zone
Easting
Northing
Verbal Boundary Description (On continuation sheet)
Boundary Justification (On continuation sheet)
11. Form Prepared By
name/title Jane Rodes Beetem, Historic Preservation Consultant
organization N/A date 10/26/2020
street & number 131 W. High St., #476 telephone 573-680-0005
city or town Jefferson City state MO zip code 65102
e-mail jbeetem@embarqmail.com
Add itional Documentation
Subm it the following items with the completed form:
• Maps:
o A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location.
o A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Key all
photographs to this map.
• Continuation Sheets
• Photographs
• Owner Name and Contact Information
• Additional items: (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items.)
Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate
properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a
benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.460 et seq.).
Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18 hours per response including time for reviewing
instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of
this form to the Office of Planning and Performance Management. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1849 C. Street, NW, Washington, DC.
Photographs
United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018
Ernst Simonsen High School Cole County, Missouri
Name of Property County and State
Submit clear and descriptive photographs. The size of each image must be 1600x1200 pixels (minimum), 3000x2000 preferred,
at 300 ppi (pixels per inch) or larger. Key all photographs to the sketch map. Each photograph must be numbered and that
number must correspond to the photograph number on the photo log. For simplicity, the name of the photographer, photo date,
etc. may be listed once on the photograph log and doesn’t need to be labeled on every photograph.
Photo Log:
Name of Property: Ernst Simonsen High School
City or Vicinity: Jefferson City
County: Cole County State:
MO
Photographer:
Jane Beetem
Date
Photographed: 10/22/2020
Description of Photograph(s) and number, include description of view indicating direction of camera:
1: South elevation, 10/22/20, main classroom block from 1939 addition, pointing northeast.
2: Closeup of southeast entry on classroom block, 10/22/20, south elevation, pointing north.
3: South elevation, 10/22/20, main classroom block on right, 1992 addition in center and 1939 gymnasium on left, pointing
northwest.
4: East elevation, 10/22/20, 1939 addition on left, 1914 addition on right, pointing southwest.
5: East and north elevations, 10/22/20, east elevation 1939 addition on left, 1914 addition in center, 1992 addition and 1939
gymnasium on right, pointing southwest.
6: North elevation, 10/22/20, 1914 addition on left and center, 1992 addition between classroom block and gymnasium, 1939
addition visible above 1992 addition, 1939 gymnasium on right, pointing south.
7: Closeup of west entry to 1914 addition, 10/22/20, pointing south.
8: West elevation of gymnasium, 10/22/20, pointing east.
9: South elevation of gymnasium, 1992 addition, west elevation of classroom block, 10/22/20, pointing north.
10. Auditorium interior, 10/22/20, pointing south.
11. Stage, 10/22/20, pointing east.
12. Music room, 10/22/20, pointing northeast.
13. Art room, 10/22/20, pointing northwest.
14. Gymnasium, 10/22/20, pointing southwest.
15. Library, 10/22/20, pointing northwest.
16. Built-in cabinet example, 10/22/20, pointing northwest.
17. Built-in cabinet in science classroom, 10/22/20, pointing northwest.
18. Corbels above dropped ceiling, ground floor, 10/22/20, pointing northwest and up.
19. Stairs and southeast entry, 10/22/20, pointing southwest.
20. South hallway, first floor, 10/22/20, pointing west.
21. West hallway, second floor, 10/22/20, pointing north. Figure Log:
Include figures on continuation pages at the end of the nomination.
Figure 1. Navigational reference map. The Ernst Simonsen High School is not oriented facing north, south, east or west, so a
map is provided as an aid to the reader. Page 25.
Figure 2. Ernst Simonsen High School Nomination Boundary. Page 25.
Figure 3. Contextual Map. Page 26.
Figure 4. Sanborn Maps – 1908. Page 26.
Figure 5. Postcard, Jefferson City High School. Page 27.
Figure 6. Sanborn maps – 1916. Page 27.
Figure 7. Postcard showing 1914 addition. Page 27.
Figure 8. Sanborn maps – 1923. Page 28.
Figure 9. Drawing showing various sections / additions. Page 28.
Figure 10. Circa 1914 photo showing students dressed as Hoboes. Page 29.
Figure 11. Cafeteria in Ernst Simonsen High School, circa 1922. Page 29.
Figure 12. Circa 1939 photo. Page 29.
Figure Log (continued):
United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018
Ernst Simonsen High School Cole County, Missouri
Name of Property County and State
Figure 13. Sanborn maps – 1939. Page 30.
Figure 14. Blueprints – 1939 Addition, First-floor; South and East Elevations. Page 30.
Figure 15. 1967 topo map of Jefferson City. Page 30.
Figure 16. 1960, 1974 and 1996 aerial photos. Page 31.
Figure 17. Map urban renewal areas. Page 31.
Figure 18. 1992 Addition plan and first-floor. Page 31.
Figure 19. Current floor plan, ground floor. Page 32.
Figure 20. Current floor plan, first floor. Page 32.
Figure 21. Current floor plan, second floor. Page 33.
Figure 22. Current floor plan, third floor. Page 33.
Figure 23. Photo key map, exterior. Page 34.
Figure 24. Photo key map, ground floor. Page 34.
Figure 25. Photo key map, first floor. Page 35.
Figure 26. Photo key map, second floor. Page 35.
Figure 27. Table of Jefferson City historic schools, Civil War to 1980. Pages 36 – 39.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 7 Page 1
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Summary:
The Ernst Simonsen High School, located at 501 E. Miller Street in Jefferson City, Cole County, Missouri,
is a locally significant former high school, junior high school and 9th grade center that is the sole
contributing historic resource in this nomination. The former school, built in the Classical Revival style,
was initially constructed 1904 – 1905. The school received an addition to the north in 1914, and the
original school was removed to make way for a second addition in 1939. This former school is the oldest
public high school building remaining in Jefferson City. The period of significance for the former school is
1914, when the oldest addition was constructed to 1954, when this school was one of the first two schools
in Jefferson City that were racially integrated. The 1914 addition comprises the northern section of the
building. The 1939 addition brought the school almost to its current configuration, adding a gymnasium
and auditorium as well as classrooms. Two smaller additions were made in 1992. (Figures 4 – 9, 12 – 14
and 18 - 19; Photos # 1 – 21.) The 1914 addition is three floors, the 1939 addition is four floors. The 1914
section appears largely as when constructed, having two large pavilions extending forward at the outside
corners with two entrances in the center section. The 1939 addition is the reverse, with the center pavilion
extending and two narrow, shorter pavilions on this side having entrances at the outside corners. The
main character defining features of the exterior are use of rectangular panels (either inset or outlined by
brickwork), horizontal rows of windows, elaborate decorations over entry doors, a flat roof with castellated
roofline and belt courses. These character defining features can be found on three other extant schools
built in Jefferson City from 1914 to 1926, a short period of time when multi-story Classical Revival school
buildings were popular. Circa 1992 the building was retrofitted with dark metal non-divided lite
replacement windows, with the top third a solid metal panel. This related to installation of ductwork and
dropped ceilings on the interior. All entry doors were similarly changed. The same year two additions were
made between the gymnasium and the main classroom block, one facing south and one on the north.
These additions continued the evolution and development of the school. These additions replaced trailers
that had been used as classrooms. The former school maintains integrity of location, setting, design,
materials, workmanship, feeling, and association with its period of significance, which is 1914 – 1954.
Narrative:
Setting
The former school is located on a high hill overlooking downtown Jefferson City and the Missouri State
Capitol. Immediately south of the former school and at a higher elevation is the Hobo Hill Historic District,
a National Register listed group of seven houses that developed after the initial school was built circa
1904. South of this neighborhood is the Whitton Expressway (which is depressed in a rockcut adjacent to
the alley at the rear of the East Miller Street houses).1 West of the district and Simonsen 2 at the northwest
corner of Jackson and E. Miller Streets is the circa 1970s track and practice football field that was
associated with the school. This area is significantly lower than the buildings, as it was built over Wears
Creek. (History of the track is explained later.) The west side of the former school lot is a fairly steep
1 In Jefferson City, most buildings face the Missouri River, so the façade facing the river is typically known as “north”
even though this may be more correctly “northwest.” A navigational map in Figure 1 shows north, northeast, east,
southeast, south, southwest, west and northwest as used in this nomination to aid the reader. 2 The former Simonsen 9th Grade Center has functioned under a variety of names since its initial construction in
1904 – 1905. This earliest school (since demolished) was known as Jefferson City High School. An addition was
added to the north elevation in 1914, when the name changed to Ernst Simonsen High School and this name is
shown above the north entrances. In 1924 a new high school was built two blocks west on E. Miller Street. Therefore
when the 1939 addition was built the school was called the Junior High School. The south entrances still display this
name. The Simonsen name later returned, as the school was known as Simonsen Junior High School, Simonsen 9th
Grade School and lastly as Simonsen 9th Grade Center. All references to a school in this nomination indicate the
property at 501 E. Miller Street unless otherwise specified. Often the school is referred to in this nomination as
merely “Simonsen” as it is known locally.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 7 Page 2
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
grassy slope to Jackson Street. The north side of the former school is a grassy hill that slopes steeply to
Wears Creek. The creek curves around the base of the hill, contained in a deep concrete ditch built in the
1960s. East of the former school is a small parking lot and a rock bluff adjacent to Marshall Street. On the
south side of E. Miller Street, across from the former school and east of the historic district is a large circa
1992 parking lot, about 8 feet higher than 506. E. Miller Street. (Figures 2 and 3, Photos 1 - 9.)
Architectural Descriptions
The former school was originally constructed from 1904 to 1905. The north section of the building was
added in 1914. (Figures 4 – 7; Photos 5 – 8.) During construction of the 1939 addition, the original building
was removed. (Figures 8 - 9, 12 – 14; Photos 1 – 6, 8 – 9.) This addition included an auditorium and a
gymnasium. Architects for this addition were Felt & Kriehn Architects in Kansas City, MO. The final
additions were made in 1992, with The Architects Alliance in Jefferson City, MO as architects. (Figures 18
- 19, Photos 1 - 3, 6 – 7.) In 2019 the building received significant damage from a tornado, severely
damaging the roof, breaking the glass in numerous windows which are now boarded and damaging
several sections of the parapet. Just prior to the tornado, the building had been operating as a public
school and was in good condition.
Built in the Classical Revival style, this imposing brownish red brick building is located on a tall hill, with
three stories on the north side and four stories on the south side. The former school’s design features
numerous rectangular forms. The rectangles are exhibited in projecting pavilions, rows of rectangular
windows in various combinations and flat and inset panels with brickwork borders. Elaborate cast stone
entry surrounds are the most decorative features, with two entries each on the north and south sides. The
north entries have the name Ernst Simonsen High School above the paired doorways. By the time the
south addition was built, the school was serving as a Junior High School and the names above the south
entries exhibit that name. Other decorative elements include cast stone cartouches on the north elevation,
upper and lower belt courses of cast stone and a castellated roofline.
As the oldest remaining portion of the building, descriptions will start with the circa 1914 northern section.
This section of the building is three stories tall, built of medium to dark brown brick. (Photos 5 - 8.) The
outer sections and the top are laid in a Common Bond pattern with Flemish Bond headers every sixth
course while the center sections between windows are laid in a Running Bond pattern. This section’s
foundation is concrete. The left and right sections of the north elevation are each less than a quarter of the
width of this wall and extend forward about eight feet. The main floor of these sections have a trio of
windows on the east pavilion and a matching size area of recessed brick on the west pavilion. Each
section has a vertically oriented rectangular panel outlined by brickwork topped by a central rectangular
cast stone panel. Between these pavilions is a section with five groups of openings all vertically and
horizontally aligned. In the corners by the pavilions on the outer corners on the main level are the north
entrances, each having elaborate cast stone surrounds with the name Ernst Simonsen High School above
the doors. (Photos 5 - 7.) Windows between these main floor doors are smaller than those above and
each set is divided into two pairs of windows.
In Figure 12, in a photo taken circa 1939, it is evident that the original windows were multi-paned and
painted white. All of the windows on the former school are replacements, dating to 1992 3 having dark
brown metal frames and non-divided single pane sash with a dark brown metal panel in the top third of
each window. The replacement windows retain the original window opening size. The original windows
had double hung window sash below a fixed pane section above that matches the existing solid metal
3 Frank Underwood, the Jefferson City School District’s Head of Transportation, Facilities and Safety
stated in an email to the author dated October 22, 2020 that the replacement windows were installed in
1992 by district maintenance staff. The project was federally funded and the windows were made by
Quaker Windows, located nearby in Freeburg, Missouri.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 7 Page 3
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
panels in size. The fixed section at the top filled about one third of each window opening, and this pattern
continues to the present. The solid panel was installed to obscure the view of ductwork and dropped
ceilings on the interior. The lower two thirds of the windows are double hung single panes, very similar to
the originals. (Photos 1 - 7.) While installation of replacement windows is unfortunate, the newer windows
retain the size of the openings and the pattern established previously, with a fixed section in the top third
of many of the windows.
All windows have original cast stone sills. (Photos 1 - 9.) W indows on the north elevation have soldier
course bricks above the windows, while the east and west elevations have rowlock bricks above the
windows. (Photos 1 - 3, 5 - 7.) This elevation has two distinctive sloped cast stone belt courses, one above
the first-floor windows and one above the third-floor windows. (Photos 5 - 7.) The second and third floors
each have a pair of windows above the doors and three sets of four windows between these paired
windows. In between and outside these sets of windows are brick pilasters that extend slightly forward of
the rest of the wall. The pilasters outside the windows are about half the width of the pilasters between the
windows. Above and below the first-floor windows there are horizontal panels outlined in brick the width of
each set of windows. Above the upper belt course there are square concrete panels above the pilasters
that separate the windows. These slant backwards, being deeper at the belt course than they are at the
top. Above the narrower pilasters outside the windows there are concrete panels about half the width of
the two in the center section of wall. On the left and right sections centered above the doors are cast stone
cartouches. The edge of the parapet above the flat roof is castellated. A section of the castellated portion
in the center of this elevation was damaged by the tornado. (Photos 5 - 7.)
The sides of the 1914 addition are divided into three vertical sections. (Photos 5 - 7.) On the lowest level,
the windows are smaller, as on the north elevation, with two sets of paired windows in each section. On
the west side this area is partially covered, leaving only three windows visible at the northwest corner.
(Photo 7.) All windows are visible on the east elevation, with a large vent in the left window in the center
section. (Photo 5.) The window pattern on the upper two floors has two sets of five windows on each floor,
with two sets of paired windows in between these sets. The belt courses, brick pilasters between sections
of windows, square panels above the pilasters and crenelated roofline is the same as on the north wall.
The 1939 addition to the classroom block is a bit larger than the 1914 addition, being deeper north to
south. (Figures 12 - 14, Photos 1 - 3, 5 - 7.) At the base of this wall is a tall concrete platform, painted
white with round black railings. Steps extend from each end of this platform to the street level sidewalk
and from the platform to the entry doors. Originally steps extended from the doors directly to the street.
(Figure 12.) The main classroom block has a wide central pavilion that extends forward, with two matching
narrower pavilions extending slightly from either side of this central pavilion. To either side of the central
pavilion the walls are blind, except for one small window on the west on the first-floor level. (Photos 2 and
3.) This window is paired with a blind rectangle of the same size, apparently for symmetry. (Photo 2.)
Below these, on the main floor level, are two pairs of small windows. Both wall sections have a horizontal
rectangle of raised brick with small square concrete corners. The narrow pavilions on each side of the
central pavilion each have a pair of entry doors topped by a pair of double hung windows, with a cast
stone surround topped by a shield shaped emblem. (Photo 4.) The name Junior High School is incised in
the cast stone above both sets of doors. A pair of smaller windows, an almost square unit, are located
above the cast stone emblem, located between the second and third-floor windows. (Photos 2 and 3.) The
corners of the pavilions are stepped, having two pairs of almost triangular cast stone shoulder ornaments,
bracketing the area above the doors. A belt course separates the third and fourth floor levels, and these
narrower pavilions stop just above the belt course with a cast stone belt course on the top edge of the
pavilion. The central section has two sets of five windows on each of the three floors. Two red fabric
awnings shade the first-floor central windows. A pair of double hung windows are located above each
pavilion on the sides of the central section, but on the same plane as the central section. A number of belt
courses extend across all sections of this wall. Low on the wall, just above the concrete foundation, are
two rows of header bricks that extend onto the brick below the concrete steps leading to the two sets of
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 7 Page 4
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
entry doors. A sloped cast stone belt course is at the same level as the base of the entry doors. As
mentioned above, a second cast stone belt course is located between the second and third-floor windows.
A third cast stone belt course is located at the top of the third-floor windows. The roofline is castellated,
currently overlapped by the temporary roof membrane. (Photos 1 – 3.) The sides of the 1939 addition are
a bit different due to the lower grade on the east side. (Photo 5.) The main floor level is exposed on the
east side, revealing a bit of concrete foundation, with a pair of smaller sized windows and a single metal
door on the north end of this addition. Air handling and electrical equipment are located south of these
openings, along with a walled area for trash. Windows on the upper floors on both east and west are
arranged in three sets. On the east wall, first-floor windows are in three sets, with two sets of six windows
each on the south end and center of this section of the east wall. At the north end of this addition, there
are a trio and a pair of windows. The windows on the second floor also have two sets of six windows at the
south end and in the center of this wall of the addition. The north end of this level has a single, a pair and
a single window. On the third floor, there are three sets of six windows. On the west wall, the window
pattern on the second and third floors matches that of the east wall. (Photo 7.) The first-floor windows are
in three sets, with the northern set having two single windows flanking a pair of shorter windows, then a
set of six windows in the center and two single windows flanking a pair of windows, all the same height.
The main floor windows on the west side of this addition are currently covered, but the original
configuration was a series of shorter windows in the same pattern as the first-floor, but with the northern
three windows covered by the connector between the main classroom block and the gymnasium. (Figure
12, Photo 7.)
In addition to enlarging the main classroom block, the 1939 addition included a gymnasium west of the
classrooms, connected by a one-story brick hallway. (Figures 12 – 14, Photos 1, 3, 6 - 7, 9 and 14.) A
circa 1939 photo (Figure 12) shows the single-story connector with one set of windows east of a central
set of double doors, topped by a rectangular cast stone panel. There were likely a second set of windows
west of the entryway. The lower belt course from the classroom block continued across the connector,
aligning with the top of the doors and windows. The gymnasium is a fairly simple brick box, with large
window openings on the south side that have been infilled with light beige panels. These windows are
shown as infilled in the 1939 photograph (Figure 12), but with wide faux mullions. There are some
windows on the basement level, with an exterior stairway leading to a basement level door. Concrete
stairs lead to a main level double door that is solid metal. Belt courses are found at the base of the main
level doors and near the roofline, which is castellated. The belt courses and castellated roofline continue
on all sides. The west wall is similar, with six large evenly spaced windows on the main level and six
smaller evenly spaced windows on the basement level. All these windows are currently boarded due to
tornado damage. The north wall has four sets of multi-paned windows, with a wider brick wall between the
second and third windows. The basement level has the same arrangement, only with smaller windows. A
single metal door is located near the center of the basement level, with an air conditioning unit to the east.
The east wall is largely concealed by the 1992 addition. (Photos 1, 3, 6 – 7, and 9.)
With passage of the federal Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in July 1990,4 the numerous stairs at
Simonsen presented a legal problem. This problem was addressed by adding a grade level entrance on
the south side and installing an elevator. The 1992 additions replaced classroom trailers that were located
on the south and north sides between the main classroom block and the gymnasium .5 The additions were
placed to the north and south of the former connector hallway, both one-story buildings finished with
artificial stucco. (Figure 18.) Before these additions were made, the primary entrance was in the southwest
corner of the main classroom block, with school offices inside the entry.6 (Photos 2 - 4.) The current main
4 “Information and Technical Assistance on the Americans with Disabilities Act,”
https://www.ada.gov/ada_intro.htm#:~:text=The%20Americans%20with%20Disabilities%20Act,Bush.
Accessed October 20, 2020. 5 Interview by Jane Beetem with former student Jon Beetem, October 14, 2020. 6 Interview with Jon Beetem.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 7 Page 5
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
entrance is on the east side of the south 1992 addition, facing E. Miller Street. (Photos 1 - 3.) A large inset
panel near the top is centered between the entry and the west end of the addition, featuring the name
“Simonsen 9th Grade Center” in raised brown letters. There is one small window centered under the name.
Two single windows are found on the west wall of this addition. The walls of both additions are of synthetic
stucco, scored in rectangular panels and mimicking the school’s original belt courses. Above the trio of
entry doors with transoms the wall is peaked like a gable with an arch incised under the peak. Both
additions are recessed from the front of the classroom block so they are not visible from the east
elevation. The north addition extends to the basement level, as the grade slopes to the northwest. (Photos
6 - 7.) There is one horizontal rectangular window on the north side of the basement level, located right of
center, which is fitted with horizontal louvers. A single metal door is located on the west side of the north
addition. Centered near the top of the north side is the name of the former school, in raised letters the
same color as the walls.
Integrity
Setting
The location and setting of the Ernst Simonsen High School has not changed significantly since
completion of the 1939 addition. The only change to the boundary of the school property from 1939 to the
present has been expansion of the parking lot south of E. Miller Street. The former school remains on top
of a grassy hill facing E. Miller Street. The Hobo Hill Historic District remains south of the former school.
The west yard slopes steeply to Jackson Street. West of the school on the west side of Jackson Street, at
least 20 feet below the elevation of the school’s gymnasium, were 3 - 4 small homes. Large scale urban
renewal and highway construction on the near east side of Jefferson City in the late 1950s and early
1960s resulted in removal of many African American owned homes. Most of the demolition during urban
renewal was related to construction of the Whitton Expressway and removal of African American
neighborhoods south of the highway, so did not significantly impact Simonsen. (Figures 16 and 17.) Two
small houses at the corner of Jackson and E. McCarty were removed later, one due to the 2019 tornado.
All of these small houses were located at a much lower elevation than the school, so the view from the
school was always over the top of these buildings, leaving the view of and from the school largely
unchanged from 1939. Wear’s Creek was re-routed into a concrete chute by the Corps of Engineers to
prevent flooding, placing it underground in places. The resulting flat land was converted to use as a track
and practice football field for use by the adjacent school. This land is no longer associated with the school.
Conversion of space around Wears Creek to a track resulted in fewer trees and a bit more open space
near the school but did not significantly alter the setting. Southeast of the former school a small parking lot
on the south side of E. Miller Street was enlarged circa 1992 after removal of one house. The enlargement
of the previous parking lot did not result in significant change in the setting. In the mid to late 1970s E.
Miller Street was connected to Marshall Street through a steep rock bluff that had previously precluded
that connection. The street had always extended past the school to the adjacent parking lot to the east, so
this connection did not significantly alter the surroundings. Houses east of the school on Marshall St.
remain as before.
Design
The overall design of the former school has changed little since completion of the 1939 addition. Since
then the former school has experienced some alterations, including the replacement of windows and
doors and two small scale additions, but these changes do not lessen our ability to understand the building
as a public school from the periods of construction. The most recent additions facilitated compliance with
the federal Americans with Disabilities Act, allowing the building to continue being used as a school.
The two circa 1992 additions are small in scale compared to the size of the rest of the building. (Photos 1
– 3 and 6 – 7.) These small additions have a more modern appearance due to the use of synthetic stucco
as a building material, but this material differentiates them from the earlier sections of the building. Their
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 7 Page 6
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
smooth walls, decorated with a few simple horizontal lines, with vertically oriented rectangular windows on
the south addition reflect the building’s historic design. These additions were constructed in a location that
resulted in m inimal impact to the original building, are only one story in height and reflect the original
design in shape, scale, use of flat roofs and ornamentation. Neither addition impacts the main elevations
of the classroom block and being recessed from the front of this block, are not visible from the east
elevation. The scale of these additions is such that they do not overwhelm or obscure the original design
and do not impair or cover any significant or character defining features. These additions were
constructed to enhance the function of the building as a school, as the building evolved and developed to
address school security and accessibility issues. The former primary entrances were untouched by these
additions and other character defining features remain as they were originally. The latest additions do not
add any false sense of history, rather they reflect the building’s function as a school that continually
evolved and developed from 1905 – 1992. During construction of the additions, care was taken to protect
the building from damage. On the 1992 blueprints, notes indicate “Existing composite masonry wall to
remain to greatest extent possible” and “Existing masonry wall to remain. Protect during construction.”
These blueprints also indicate that prior to construction the ground on the south side was covered by
concrete. On the north side, a concrete walk extended from the north entrance, surrounded by grass, so
no outbuildings or significant landscape features were impacted by construction.
The additions do not interfere with any views from the former school, as they are relatively small in size
and do not extend past the main elevations. (Photos 1 - 3 and 6 - 7.) The additions are more visible from
some angles than others. The south addition is more visible when approaching the building from Jackson
Street as it is located between the gymnasium and the main classroom block with the red brick walls on
either side. From the parking lot across E. Miller St. this addition is less visible and the entire south wall of
the 1939 addition is the viewer’s focus. From the rear of the parking lot the addition is hidden by the hill on
the south side of E. Miller Street. From E. McCarty St. on the north, the north elevation of the 1914
addition is the most elaborate and therefore what attracts the eye. From Marshall St. on the east, neither
addition is visible. W hen viewed from Marshall and E. McCarty Streets, the north addition is somewhat
visible, but is shorter and smaller than the main classroom block or the gymnasium . When viewed from
Jackson St. the addition is visible between the gymnasium and the classroom block. Their design and
detailing remain compatible with the original architectural design of the building. These changes do not
result in a significantly negative impact to the building’s integrity.
All of the windows on the former school are replacements, dating to 1992 (Photos 1 – 3, 5 – 7).7 The
replacement windows retain the original window opening size. The original windows had double hung
window sash below a fixed pane section above. The fixed section at the top filled about one third of each
window opening, and this pattern continues to the present with a solid metal panel replacing the fixed
panes. The solid panel was installed to obscure the view of ductwork and dropped ceilings on the interior.
The lower two thirds of the windows are double hung single panes, similar to the originals. While
installation of replacement windows is unfortunate, the newer windows retain the size of the openings and
the pattern established previously, with a fixed section in the top third of those windows that had this
pattern previously.
The interior layout of the school remains largely unchanged from 1939, centered on the auditorium (Photo
10 and Photo 11 - stage) with classrooms opening on the surrounding hallways (Figures 9, 14 and 19 –
22; Photos 20 and 21). The largest historic element is the auditorium, with its sleek 1930s metal light
fixtures and multi-light doors. Classrooms retain numerous built-in cabinets with multi-pane glass doors,
some original doors and some original hardware (Photos 13 - art room, 16 and 17 - science classroom).
The stage, music room and check-out area in the library retain their hardwood floors (Photos 11- stage, 12
- music room and 15 - library). Most of the stairways date to the period of construction, with their original
black painted metal handrails (Photo 19). Changes have occurred over time, with installation of linoleum
floor tile in hallways and classrooms, dropped ceilings and replacement windows and exterior doors
7 Frank Underwood email.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 7 Page 7
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
(Photos 12 – 21). Some details are hidden by the dropped ceilings, such as the corbels shown in Photo
18. After the 2019 tornado, approximately half of the gymnasium floor was removed due to water damage
(Photo 14). No changes have occurred since the school was closed, other than repairs necessary to
protect the building after the tornado in 2019. The former school maintains integrity of location, setting,
design, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association with its period of significance, which is 1914 –
1954.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 8 Page 8
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Summary:
This nomination describes the former Ernst Simonsen High School at 501 E. Miller St., in Jefferson City,
Cole County, Missouri. This former school served as Jefferson City’s first separate public high school, is
the city’s oldest remaining public high school building and was the site of several educational and cultural
“firsts.” The property is el igible for listing on the National Register under Criteria A, EDUCATION as a
locally significant historic resource with a period of significance from 1914 to 1954. This period of
significance covers the period from completion of the first addition (and oldest remaining section of the
school) to it being one of the first two schools racially integrated in Jefferson City. The Ernst Simonsen
High School was built when public opinion regarding high school education was undergoing a radical shift.
School board members remained split on the value of high school education as late as 1898, but by 1904
had agreed to construct the first separate public high school building. This decision coincided with
passage of Missouri’s first compulsory school attendance law in 1904. During the period of significance
the school continually evolved in response to overcrowding, construction of additional local schools,
addition of new types of instruction and integration in 1954. The name of the school changed repeatedly to
reflect the classes it contained. While the school was originally constructed in this location in 1905 as the
Jefferson City High School, it was expanded to the north in 1914 (renamed the Ernst Simonsen High
School) and in 1939 the original four room school was removed and replaced by a central auditorium and
additional classrooms to the south. The gymnasium was added as part of the 1939 expansion, when the
school was called Simonsen Junior High School. At Simonsen, classes were expanded for the first time to
include manual training (wood shop, metal working and drafting) and later vocational training. Commercial
classes were added in 1914, including commercial arithmetic, stenography, typewriting and bookkeeping,
with equipment provided by the Commercial Club (precursor to the Jefferson City Chamber of
Commerce). The first school auditorium in Jefferson City was at Simonsen, allowing the first graduation to
be held at a school building in 1914 as well as providing space for a band, an orchestra, a string ensemble
and choir. Free textbooks were first offered to students after approval by the legislature in 1913. The first
weekly school assemblies were held in Simonsen’s auditorium beginning in 1914. The first librarian in the
school district was hired for the Ernst Simonsen High School in 1915. Music courses were first offered to
high school students at Simonsen. The first visiting school nurse was hired in 1919. The first night classes
in 1920 taught millinery and sewing. The first art classes outside of the elementary grades were offered in
1931 when Lucy Wells was hired at the then Simonsen Junior High School. Cultural firsts included
selection of the school colors of black and red, which continue to be used to the present at the Jefferson
City High School. The first high school yearbook was published at Simonsen, named the Marcullus, a
name which remains in use today. Hobo Days was a 50 year tradition that began at Simonsen, giving the
adjacent Hobo Hill Historic District its name. After the United States Supreme Court determined laws
regarding segregation of schools were invalid in 1954, Jefferson City’s junior high and high school were
peacefully integrated.8 The period of significance for the Ernst Simonsen High School ended in 1954.
Elaboration:
8 Cynthia J. Chapel, “Shifting History, Shifting Mission, Shifting Identity: The Search for Survival at Lincoln
University (Jefferson City, Missouri) 1866 – 1997,” (PhD diss., Oklahoma State University, Stillwater,
1997), 353. https://shareok.org/bitstream/handle/11244/33233/Thesis-1997D-
C462s.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y and Monroe Billington, “Public School Integration in Missouri, 1954 –
1964,” The Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 35, No. 3 (Summer, 1966): 253 – 254.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2293945?read-now=1&seq=2#page_scan_tab_contents. Accessed October
20, 2020.
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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 8 Page 9
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Jefferson City was established as Missouri’s capital in 1821.9 The lot where the former school now stands
was purchased in June, 1835 as a school lot for $5.00. By 1836, a small log building with two rooms, each
22 square feet, served as the public school on this site.10 After the Civil War, this early school was vacant,
having been abandoned by the school district. In 1866, R. B. Foster, a founder of Lincoln University, came
to Jefferson City looking for a location for the school. Local churches rejected his requests to lease space
for the school. So he applied to the school district for use of the “mean old shanty” on East Miller Street.
The district approved, and Lincoln Institute held its first classes on E. Miller Street on November 17, 1866
with two pupils in attendance. Black students continued to be educated in this location until 1874.11 In the
first week of 1878, the Daily State Journal reported that the old frame building that “25 years ago was the
principal schoolhouse of the city” had burned to the ground. The People’s Tribune followed the story the
next week, saying that the old schoolhouse burned “having been abandoned for several years as unfit for
use....”12
Public education in Jefferson City prior to 1900 was largely limited to more well to do white children,
especially those intending to attend college. State laws passed after the Civil War required education of
African American students, but in separate facilities. Numerous private schools, including high school
classes, were offered prior to 1900. Most of these schools were run by a single individual in rented space,
and only lasted for one term or perhaps a year. Notable exceptions were the Jefferson Female Seminary
and the school run by the German and English School Association on the 200 block of west McCarty
Street and since demolished. Churches supported education, with classes being held by Catholic,
Lutheran, Episcopal, Baptist and Methodist Churches. Part of the Jefferson Female Seminary is extant at
416 and 420 State Street and is listed on the National Register.
Having depended on private schools for so long, it was hard for the public to adjust to the idea of publicly
funded education through taxation. This reluctance to fund education made the second half of the
nineteenth century a chaotic time for Jefferson City’s public schools, plagued by financial difficulties,
incredible overcrowding and poor facilities. Some elementary classes held as many as 100 children.
Students were shuttled from one facility to the next, often housed in rented spaces. High school was still a
novel concept by the late 1800s, with Missouri communities offering two, three and four-year high schools.
High school classes were first offered in Jefferson City in the 1870s, with the first high school diplomas
awarded to three students on June 24, 1875. Regular public high school classes in Jefferson City began in
the early 1880s, part of a three-year program covering courses that were extensions of lower grade
studies: math, grammar, history, algebra, spelling, writing, English literature, geometry, civil government
and a choice of German or Latin. Graduation was not held every year, as there were some years without
graduates. Still, the public was not convinced that high school education was a necessary part of the
public school system.13 Only about ten percent of students attended high school nationwide in 1910,
putting Jefferson City on the leading edge of the movement toward high school classes.14 The first bond
issue for construction of a high school was defeated in 1889. The district topped 1,000 students in 1895.
The school board voted to permanently adopt the high school concept in 1898.15 Around 1900, the school
9 “History / Heritage of Jefferson City,” City of Jefferson,
https://jeffersoncitymo.gov/live_play/history_heritage/index.php. Accessed October 20, 2020. 10 Chapel, 56. 11 Giffen, Jerena East, The House on Hobo Hill: The History of the Jefferson City Public Schools,
(Jefferson City, MO: Jefferson City Public Schools, 1964), 64. 12 Gary R. Kremer, Heartland History: Essays on the Cultural Heritage of the Central Missouri Region, (St.
Louis: G. Bradley Publishing, Inc., 2000), 119. 13 Ibid.,71, 77, 79, 87, 90. 14 “From There to Here: The Road to Reform of American High Schools,” U.S. Department of Education,
Archived: From There to Here: The Road to Reform of American High Schools (PDF), accessed
December 18, 2020. 15 Ibid.,121.
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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 8 Page 10
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
system experienced overcrowding in all school buildings, resulting in about 70 children attending classes
in the basement of the Christian Church on Adams Street. The school owned site on E. Miller Street,
which had not been used since Lincoln Institute moved in 1874, was selected for construction of the first
separate public high school.
Early History of First High School
Construction of the new high school started in 1904 and was completed in 1905. This was the first
separate high school building constructed by the public school system,16 as high school classes had been
held previously in the upper floor of an elementary school. The new school boasted a faculty of five
teachers.17 By 1909 overcrowding at the high school required use a portable classroom 18 and nine years
after construction, enrollment had grown sufficiently to warrant the first expansion of the school.19
Evolution of School’s Design
As shown in Figures 4 through 9, 12 - 14 and 18 and Photos 1 to 21, the original building was expanded
and evolved over time into the school that exists today. The north section was added to the original school
in 1914. Changes in 1939 included removal of the original four room school, addition of an auditorium and
more classrooms and addition of a gymnasium. Felt & Kriehn Architects of Kansas City, Missouri
designed the 1939 additions to blend with the 1914 expansion. The south elevation is an inverse reflection
of the north elevation, with the central portion extending forward while the center section of the north
elevation is recessed. The gymnasium is built in the same style with limited ornamentation. By the 1990s,
a trend toward greater security at schools 20 resulted in a policy requiring students to remain inside the
building during school hours.21 This policy, combined with passage of the ADA in 1990 resulted in
additions on both the north and south between the classroom block and the gymnasium in 1992. These
two additions completed the former school’s current configuration. The additions were designed by The
Architect’s Alliance in Jefferson City, Missouri. Prior to 1992 the main entrance had been on the southwest
corner of the classroom block.22 The south addition featured a new main floor entrance. These latest
additions relocated the main administrative offices to the new front entrance, provided larger guidance
counselor and teacher workroom spaces and placed the locker rooms for girls and boys next to the
gymnasium (they had previously been in the basement).23
The interior retains many elements original to construction in 1914 and 1939. Besides the interior layout,
the largest element is the auditorium, with its sleek metal light fixtures and m ulti-light doors (Photo 10).
The stage (Photo 11) music room (Photo 12) and check-out area in the library (Photo 15) retain their
hardwood floors. Most of the stairways feature their original black painted metal handrails (Photo 19).
Numerous built-in storage units remain throughout the building (Photos 13 and 16 – 17). Many of the
classroom and auditorium doors are original and a few retain their original hardware (Photos 12 and 20 –
21). A collapsible gate can be seen in Photo 20, which restricted students to the first floor prior to classes.
Changes have occurred over time, with installation of linoleum floor tile in hallways and classrooms,
dropped ceilings and replacement windows and exterior doors (Photos 10, 12 – 15, 17 – 21). After the
2019 tornado, approximately half of the gymnasium floor was removed due to water damage (Photo 14).
16 Giffen, 103. 17 Ibid, 107. 18 Ibid, 110. 19 Ibid, 115. 20 Marieke Brock, Norma Kriger, Ramón Miró, “School Safety Policies and Programs Administered by the
U.S. Federal Government: 1990–2016,” National Criminal Justice Reference Service, August 2017,
https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/251517.pdf, 7. Accessed October 20, 2020. 21 Interview with former student Jon Beetem. 22 Ibid. 23 Ibid.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 8 Page 11
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
The changes made to the Ernst Simonsen High School reflect the evolution of schools in terms of growth
in student population, accessibility, changes regarding the need for security and the provision of more
services for students in need. The additions read as additions to an earlier building and do not give a false
sense of history as they are differentiated from the earlier building’s materials.
Expansion of Curriculum at Simonsen
High school curriculum was undergoing change when Simonsen first opened. New high schools of the late
19th century were offering vocational training in addition to college preparatory classes. Many parents and
students embraced this trend, as they saw their future working in factories or agriculture rather than
college. Education leaders were distressed by this trend, and in 1892 the nation’s most prestigious
colleges convened the first National Council of Education, known as the “Committee of Ten.” This group
of Ivy League professors outlined academic standards that, in addition to Latin and Greek, continue to be
the core academic curriculum: mathematics, English, foreign language, natural history, geography, history,
science and civil government. The Committee of Ten believed this curriculum was appropriate for all
students, both for college bound students and those in manual training classes. But this view that a liberal
arts education was suitable for all students was not sustained.24 Waves of new immigrants to the United
States through the first two decades of the 20th century led leaders in education and industry to believe
that the traditional curriculum was not preparing these students for their life outside of school. Acclimating
new arrivals to American society began to be viewed as the greatest educational need. The National
Education Association formed the Commission on the Reorganization of Secondary Education in 1918.
This group’s report, published by the U.S. Bureau of Education, stated that “the primary purposes of high
schools were health, citizenship and worthy home-membership and, only secondarily, command of
fundamental processes.”25 The 1918 Commission believed that as more students attended high school,
they were generally less intelligent than previous generations of students. Since these new students would
likely never attend college, it was viewed as counterproductive to demand they take college preparatory
classes, as many “inferior” students were expected to react by quitting school. The group suggested
students be allowed to choose classes according to their interests and abilities.26
As the city’s first separate public high school, it is natural that a number of “firsts” occurred at Simonsen,
as the public’s vision of high school continued to evolve. Following national trends, classes were added
that recognized that many students would enter the work force after completing their high school careers.
• The 1914 expansion provided space that allowed the high school’s curriculum to expand beyond
the basics, adding manual training classes (wood shop, metal working and drafting) and domestic
science (home economics). During construction of this addition in 1914, Mrs. Fredricka Simonsen
donated $5,000 to equip the domestic science and manual training department in the new
building. To show their gratitude, the school district named the school in honor of her late
husband, Ernst Simonsen.27 His name appears above two of the school’s entries on the north
side.
• Commercial classes were added in 1914, including commercial arithmetic, stenography,
typewriting and bookkeeping, with equipment provided by the Commercial Club (precursor to the
Jefferson City Chamber of Commerce).28
24 “From There to Here: The Road to Reform of American High Schools,” U.S. Department of Education,
Archived: From There to Here: The Road to Reform of American High Schools (PDF), 1, accessed
December 18, 2020. 25 Ibid., 2.
26 Jeffrey Mirel, ”The Traditional High School; Historical debates over its nature and function,” Education
Next, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1. http://educationnext.org/the-traditional-high-school/, Accesssed December 18, 2020. 27 Ibid, 117. 28 Giffen, 114.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 8 Page 12
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
• Simonsen’s new principal in 1914, R.L.”Pop” Gwinn, began a long career as an instructor
educating future teachers.29 In 1920, school superintendent W. M. Oakerson stated that the Ernst
Simonsen High School teachers’ training program “prepares young people for teaching once they
have completed the high school.” With an initial certificate and eight months of teaching
experience, a young teacher could obtain a teaching certificate valid anywhere in Missouri.30
• Elective classes were added to the traditional academic curriculum at Simonsen, keeping with
national trends to provide classes suited to students’ interests and abilities. The expanded school
provided space for a new music program including band, an orchestra, a string ensemble and
choir. Daisy Seaber directed all these programs in addition to regular classes,31 and lived across
the street in her family home at 506 E. Miller Street.32 One half course credit was approved for
orchestra in 1916.33
• Free textbooks were first offered to students after approval by the legislature in 1913.34
• The first librarian in the school district was Nan Summers, hired for the Ernst Simonsen High
School in 1915.35
• As the country prepared for World W ar I in 1916, the school board hired Paul C. Hunt, a retired
army colonel, to teach military tactics to male students at Simonsen. These sessions were held at
night in the school auditorium. The older students in this class later joined the Home Guard and
were made officers due to their training. Others joined the National Guard’s 35th Division and
served overseas, their chairs draped with flags during the 1917 graduation ceremony.36
• The first lunch service began in 1916, when the Needlework Guild served hot soup to students
during cold weather. Guild leaders Mrs. Charles Tweedie, Mrs. C.P. Hough and Mrs. Hugh
Stephens (who lived across the street at 508 E. Miller St.)37 served soup for $.05 per cup. Tables
and chairs were set up for lunch service in the domestic science room. Previously boys had eaten
their lunches in the boiler room.38 (Figure 11.)
• The first visiting nurse was hired in 1919. A part-time position, this was first filled by Nellie H.
Heinzelman.39
• The first night classes were offered at Simonsen in 1920, teaching millinery and sewing.40
• Theater was part of the early Ernst Simonsen High School experience, with the senior class
members presenting a play called “The Rivals” in 1920, directed by Mrs. Dora Hams, with
29 Ibid, 118. 30 Daily Capitol News, March 23, 1923, 4. 31 Giffen, 118. 32 Beetem, Hobo Hill Historic District, 8.32. 33 Giffen, 120. 34 Ibid, 114. 35 Ibid, 210. 36 Ibid, 121. 37 Beetem, 8.28. 38 Giffen, 120. 39 Ibid, 124 – 125. 40 Giffen, 125.
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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 8 Page 13
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
orchestra directed by Miss Daisy Seaber.41 The same month a comic opera called “The Captain
of Plymouth” was staged by Ernst Simonsen High School students at the Jefferson Theater, with
tickets ranging from $.25 to $1.00 (no war tax charged).42
• The first art classes outside of the elementary grades were offered in 1931 when Lucy Wells was
hired as an art teacher at the then Simonsen Junior High School.43
• The first speech therapist, called a “speech correctionist,” was hired at Simonsen Junior High
School in 1949. Her name was Mrs. Mildred Buckler.44
Cultural Firsts at Simonsen
As the first public high school, a number of traditions were established at Simonsen that continue to serve
the Jefferson City High School today.
• The first school auditorium was at Simonsen, allowing the first graduation to be held at a school
building in 1915. Graduation had previously been held at Lohman’s Opera House, Clarke Hall, the
House of Representatives and in 1914 at the temporary capitol, located at Jefferson and Capitol
Avenue after the capitol burned in 1911. 45
• The first weekly school assemblies were held in Simonsen’s auditorium beginning in 1914.46
• The school colors of black and red were first selected at Simonsen 47, which continue to be used
to the present at the Jefferson City High School.
• The first high school yearbook was published at Simonsen in 1912, named the Marcullus, a name
which remains in use today.48
• Selection of a “Marcullus Queen” began as early as 1920 with selection of Miss Margaret Morris.49
This tradition continues to the present, with selection of a Marcullus Court of five young ladies as
part of annual prom activities.
• Football has a long history in Jefferson City, and this heritage began in 1916 at the Ernst
Simonsen High School. Players had to provide their own equipment and uniforms. More affluent
players bought black sweaters with red stripes.50
• The first high school basketball program began at Simonsen.51 Girls basketball was played by
Simonsen students by 1920.52
41 Daily Capitol News, November 10, 1920, 1. 42 Daily Capitol News, November 30, 1920, 1. 43 Giffen, 211. 44 Ibid, 160. 45 Ibid., 118. The temporary capitol was located where the Missouri Department of Transportation
headquarters are now located. 46 Giffen, 118. 47 Ibid, 109. 48 Ibid, 112. 49 Daily Capitol News, May 15, 1920, 1. 50 Giffen, 121. 51 Daily Capitol News, December 21, 1920, 1. 52 Daily Capitol News, December 5, 1920, 1.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 8 Page 14
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
• Hobo Days was a 50-year tradition that began at Simonsen, giving the adjacent Hobo Hill Historic
District its name.53 The origin of the name “Hobo Hill” is not known with any degree of certainty,
but has been attached to the former school since its construction. One theory regarding the
burning of the former school is that homeless people, or “hoboes” started the fire that burned the
log school in the 1800s, and this led to people calling the location Hobo Hill. Another theory relates
to the fact that free-loaders sat on the hillside to watch baseball games in the open space below
(where the track is now) without buying a ticket, and these observers were jokingly referred to as
“hoboes.” Their improvised bleacher area was then referred to as Hobo Hill.54 The name
continued to be used, beginning in the spring of the school’s first full year. In 1906, the first Hobo
Day was held by the senior boys. (Figure 10.) Chester Platt, who later became Postmaster of
Jefferson City, was credited with originating the practice. The boys wore ragged clothes to school
and carried sticks with red bandanas tied to them to hold their possessions. This tradition
continued for nearly 50 years.55
• The Patrons Association, forerunner of the PTA, was active in 1917 and supported the board of
education’s request for funding.56
Changes Due to Overcrowding
By 1920, public doubt about the value of high school had been erased, and the school district was
planning to add kindergarten classes to the school system.57 This increased popularity was undoubtedly a
result of passage of a compulsory school attendance law in Missouri in 1904,58 which increased
attendance in all grades. Overcrowding frequently resulted in shifting grades from one school building to
another. Early in the 1920s 7th graders were housed in the various grade schools. In 1923 the Jefferson
City Sch ool Board moved all 7th graders to the (now former) Central School on E. Dunklin St. 2½ blocks
from the Ernst Simonsen High School (Figure 27).59 Passage of a bond issue in May of 1924 led to
selection and purchase of a site two blocks west of Simonsen High School on E. Miller St. Construction
began on a new three-story high school in February 1925 (now home to Miller Performing Arts Center and
the Jefferson City Academic Center at 501 Madison St., Figure 27). The school board decided to add a
junior college at this location, resulting in it being known for many years as “Jeff Junior.”60 Eighty-four
students from Simonsen High School were the first graduates to receive their diplomas at the new high
school auditorium in May 1926. Grades were shifted again, as the former Ernst Simonsen High School
became the Simonsen Junior High School, with 7th, 8th and 9th grade classes being housed together.61
The Depression had a significant impact on high school attendance, as adolescents were forced out of the
labor market and into school. By 1940, a surge of students aged 14 to 17 had increased national
enrollment by 2.3 million students over 1930 numbers, with more than 73 percent of the age group
attending school. Education leaders once again argued that these increased numbers of students were
intellectually weaker than previous students and needed less demanding courses. The combination of the
economic crisis and the corresponding boom in high school students led to a shift in the nature and
function of high schools. High schools became focused on custodial care (keeping students out of the
adult labor market) rather than preparing students for work. One of the results of this shift was an increase
in enrollment in physical education (PE) classes. Between 1928 and 1934, health and PE courses
53 Giffen, 108. 54 Ibid, 108. 55 Arnold G. Parks, Jefferson City, (Charleston SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2010), 20. 56 Giffen, 121. 57 Ibid, 125. 58 www.infoplease.com/us/education/state-compulsory-school-attendance-laws 59 Giffen, 128 – 129. 60 Ibid. 132. 61 Ibid. 131 - 132.
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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
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Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
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increased from 4.9 to 11.5 percent of courses taken nationwide. These courses required little homework,
were entertaining to students and PE classes could be conducted with high student to teacher ratios.62
Simonsen responded to this influx of students and the trend of broader class offerings, including PE
classes, with another school expansion. Another bond issue in 1938 provided funds for expansion at
Simonsen Junior High School, which was completed in September 1939 at a cost of $427,000.63 A
significant part of this expansion was the addition of the gymnasium, which provided space for PE classes
to be held. (Figures 12 – 14, Photos 1 – 2, 6 – 7, 9 and 14.)
In 1956, Simonsen had 968 students, more than twice as many as in the nearby high school and junior
college.64 The schools were once again overcrowded, with three grades in the new high school and junior
college (constructed in 1926) and three grades in the Simonsen Junior High School on East Miller Street.
In 1960, public discussions of the need for a new high school began. The next year, on the second vote,
the bond issue narrowly passed and plans to open the new high school in early 1964 were developed
(Figure 27).65 During the early 1990s, two new middle schools were constructed to house 7th and 8th grade
students (Figure 27), and Simonsen became the Simonsen 9th Grade School. Later the name was
changed to the Simonsen 9th Grade Center, the last name used during the school’s operation.
Racial Integration of Jefferson City Schools
Education of African American students had been provided separately from white students under Missouri
laws passed following the Civil War. At first, they were taught in the log building located on E. Miller Street
where Simonsen is now located. The two-room school was abandoned in 1874 when the students moved
to rented space in the African American Second Baptist Church at the southeast corner of Miller and
Monroe Streets.66 After one and a half years in these rented facilities, the students moved to the former
German English School Association building on W. McCarty Street in the fall of 1875 (see Figure 27).67
This was renamed the Washington School in 1891 68 and served as their school until a new Washington
School was built in 1903 on Elm Street (Figure 27).69
Seeing the new high school for white students under construction circa 1926, parents of high school aged
African American students requested the board of education offer high school classes at Washington
School. In response, classes were added for freshmen and sophomores at Washington School. Juniors
and seniors attended class at the Lincoln Laboratory High School. This arrangement of high school
classes lasted until 1930, when all African American high school students were sent to the Lincoln
Laboratory High School. The laboratory school was a training program for Lincoln University students
studying to become teachers. In 1949, six African Americans applied for admission to adult education
classes at the junior college and were denied. They filed a lawsuit and in 1950 the school board opened
adult night classes to “all citizens of the city.”70 In 1951 two parents applied for admission of their
daughters to Simonsen Junior High School, claiming that classes at Washington School were not
equivalent to those at Simonsen as required by law. The case was settled out of court, and no African
American students were allowed to attend an all-white school.71
62 Mirel. 63 Ibid 146. 64 Giffen, 172. 65 Ibid. 65. 66 Ibid, 58. 67 Ibid, 59. 68 Ibid, 82. 69 Ibid, 102. 70 Giffen, 160. 71 Ibid.
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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 8 Page 16
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
After the United States Supreme Court determined laws regarding segregation of schools were invalid in
1954, Jefferson City’s junior high and high school were peacefully integrated.72 The former Simonsen
Junior High School was integrated in the fall of 1954, followed by the city’s elementary schools in 1956.
The school board decided to delay integration of elementary schools due to lack of space and the fact that
teacher contracts at the Washington School had already been awarded.73 Only three students enrolled in
the junior and senior high schools. Donald Webb and Melvin West enrolled in the tenth grade at Simonsen
Junior High School and Barbara Blue enrolled as a senior at the senior high school, becoming the first
African American to graduate from the Jefferson City Public School system.74 Of the 119 African
American students attending the final year of the Washington School, 106 enrolled in the former all white
schools in 1956. Most of these students attended East and Thorpe Gordon elementary schools. After
closure of the Washington School, three teachers were retained in the public school system, but contracts
were not renewed for seven teachers, one of whom was later rehired in the 1963 – 1964 school year at
East School.75 Lincoln University leased the former W ashington School to be used for its laboratory
school,76 until the school was purchased by Lincoln from the school district in 1962 (Figure 27).77
Classical Revival Style
While the original school constructed from 1904 to 1905 is interesting, especially since it was captured in a
photograph used on a postcard, this portion of the school was removed by 1939. The addition in 1914
established the architectural style of the school that was continued in the 1939 addition. The architect of
the 1914 section is unknown, but the style was popular for public buildings built in the same era. Limited
use of cast stone architectural details express elements of Classical Revival architecture, which was
popular nationwide and commonly applied to educational buildings at this time. The style was inspired by
the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago, which prompted renewed interest in classical forms of
architecture. The style was more formal and monumental in design than the Colonial Revival also popular
at the time.78
A number of governmental buildings constructed in Jefferson City during the same era were built in the
Classical Revival style and share similarities to Simonsen’s design.79 Some of these, like the Missouri
State Capitol (completed 1917) and the U.S. Post Office (1934) on W. High St. are built of stone featuring
rows of round columns. The Carnegie Library (1901) on Adams St. is a stone building with rectangular
panels, flat pilasters and three-part windows similar to Simonsen. The original portion of the Missouri
Department of Transportation headquarters on Capitol Avenue (1928) has flat pilasters and an entablature
surrounding the building. The former Exchange Bank at 204 E. High St. (1880, altered 1925) features flat
pilasters on the outer edges. A commercial building at 109 E. High St. (1915) features flat pilasters and
classically inspired ornamentation. A red brick Classical Revival style building is the First Presbyterian
Church at 324 Madison (1928), which features rounded windows and columns.80
72 Chapel and Billington. Accessed October 20, 2020. 73 Giffen, 165. 74 Ibid, 165. 75 Ibid, 170 – 171. 76 Ibid, 171. 77 Ibid, 189. 78 Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission, “Pennsylvania Architectural Field Guide: Classical
Revival Style 1895 – 1950,” http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/portal/communities/architecture/styles/classical-
revival.html. Accessed October 26, 2020. 79 Buildings described here can be found in the State Capitol Historic District Survey of 1989, COAS002-
S.pdf (mo.gov), accessed December 15, 2020. 80 Photos of these resources can be seen in the State Capitol Historic District Survey, 1989 – 1990, on file
with Missouri DNR State Historic Preservation Office.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 8 Page 17
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
These governmental and commercial examples share some similarities with the Ernst Simonsen High
School, but the greatest similarities are seen when comparing this school to others constructed around the
same time, as schools from this era seem to share a certain style of Classical Revival architecture.
Several Jefferson City schools were built in the early 1900s, all eschewing the decorative window hoods,
rounded windows and visible roofs of earlier periods in architecture in favor of planar surfaces, flat
pilasters instead of round columns, and groups of large windows. The Central School (1871 – see Figure
27) is an example of the earlier style school, with its elaborate mansard roof and rounded windows. The
Broadway School (rebuilt 1904 – see Figure 27), Washington School (1903), Fairview School (1903) and
W est End School (1903) all have pitched roofs and share a pared-down Classical Revival style. The
windows on these earlier schools remain separate, rather than joining in larger groups as at Simonsen
and other later period schools. The original Moreau Heights School at Hillcrest and Moreau Dr. (1914- see
Figure 27) more closely matches the Classical Revival Style used in the 1914 and 1939 additions to the
Ernst Simonsen High School. The pavilions that extend on either side, crenallations at the roofline
parapet, flat roof, rows of windows having a top fixed section (about one third of the window height) with
double hung windows below and decorative horizontal bands are all features exhibited at Simonsen. Park
School (1914 – see Figure 27) had a crenallated parapet and horizontal decorative bands. The new
Central School at 315 E. Dunklin St. (1919 – see Figure 27) is similar in design to Simonsen, having a flat
roof with decorated parapet, protruding pavilions on either side, highly detailed dual entrances beside the
pavilions, rectangular panels outlined in brick, concrete rectangular decorations and rows of multi-paned
windows. The high school that replaced the Ernst Simonsen High School at 501 Madison St. in 1926 also
features flat pilasters, groups of windows and a highly decorated entrance, along with horizontal banding
extending around the school. By the time the next group of schools were built, East and West Schools in
1938, the Art Moderne influence had replaced the Classical Revival style (Figure 27). Starting in the
1930s, Jefferson City schools were horizontally oriented and limited to two stories (see Figure 27) and
beginning in the late 1960s schools were limited to a single story (Figure 27). Several National Register
nominated schools share the Classical Revival style, including the Neosho High School (1917),81 Central
School Campus (1927)82 and Trenton High School (1924).83 These schools exhibit similar character
defining features, including the rectangular shape of the building and of the majority of its features, a flat
roof, projecting pavilions, brick pilasters, rows of multiple windows, elaborate entry decorations and use of
belt courses as ornament.
What this comparison shows us is that for a relatively short period of time, from circa 1914 to 1927, school
designers in Jefferson City and elsewhere in Missouri utilized a similar Classical Revival style to construct
sturdy, attractive buildings that were not too ostentatious, not so decorative the taxpayers might think their
monies were spent frivolously. These schools share the use of flat roofs, decorative parapets, projecting
pavilions, flat pilasters and groups of windows along with distinctive entryways and belt courses as
ornamentation.
Architects
The architects for the original school and the 1914 addition are unknown, although both buildings likely
had an architect and from the detailed design of the 1914 addition, it is clear an architect was involved.
The architects for the 1939 addition were Felt & Kriehn of Kansas City, Missouri. John H. Felt was born in
81 Cydney E. Millstein, “Neosho High School,” National Register Nomination, https://dnr.mo.gov/shpo/nps-
nr/02000906.pdf, Accessed October 20, 2020. (Nomination on file with Missouri DNR State Historic
Preservation Office.) 82 Debbie Sheals, “Central School Campus,” National Register Nomination, https://dnr.mo.gov/shpo/nps-
nr/09000813.pdf Accessed October 20, 2020. (Nomination on file with Missouri DNR State Historic
Preservation Office.) 83 Elizabeth Rosin, “Trenton High School,” National Register Nomination, https://dnr.mo.gov/shpo/nps-
nr/10000203.pdf, Accessed October 20, 2020. (Nomination on file with Missouri DNR State Historic
Preservation Office.)
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 8 Page 18
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
1867 in Indiana, and began his architecture practice in St. Joseph, Mo. He became publisher of Modern
Architecture magazine in 1904. After ten years he moved to Kansas City and in the early 1900s
established the firm of J. H. Felt & Company. In 1927, after twenty years as head of that office, he became
senior partner in the firm of Felt, Dunham & Kriehn, and in 1936 Mr. Dunham left the firm, which continued
under the name of Felt & Kriehn. Mr. Felt and his associates planned many large public and educational
buildings, churches and schools in Missouri and Kansas. Notable examples include: Boone County Court
House, Columbia, Mo., 1908; Administration Building at Teachers College, Maryville, Mo., 1910; Senior
High and Junior High Schools, Emporia, Kansas, Science Hall (1913) and Administration Building at
Emporia College, Kans., 1926; First Baptist Church, Kansas City, 1924; First Presbyterian Church,
Independence, Kans., 1927; High School, Lexington, Mo., 1927; Senior High School, Hannibal, Mo., 1932;
State Hospital, Farmington, Mo., 1937; Schools at Fulton, Mo., 1937, and the former Junior High School,
Jefferson City, Mo., 1938.84
The Architects Alliance, Inc. designed the 1992 additions. This company is a medium-sized firm
established in 1968 by Seth T. Evans, AIA (retired) and Roy J. Pallardy, AIA (deceased). Larry D.
Brandhorst, AIA has been with the firm since 1974 and a principal since 1980. Cary J. Gampher, AIA
became a principal with the firm in 1996. Housed in the Dr. Joseph P. and Effie Porth House in Jefferson
City, listed on the National Register in 2001, the firm rehabilitated this historic but dilapidated structure for
their offices. Their list of projects includes several other historic rehabilitations in Jefferson City including
the former Taco Bell building at 100 E. High St., the former Merchant’s Bank building at 101 W. High St.,
Missouri House Chambers at the Missouri State Capitol, Whaley’s East End Drugs at 630 E. High St. and
the Missouri Theater in Columbia, Missouri. The firm has designed numerous projects for Jefferson City
area schools, including: Capital City High School (the newest Jefferson City School), the 1960s era
Jefferson City High School, Scruggs Center at Lincoln University, Etta and Joseph Miller Performing Arts
Center, an addition to Helias High School, renovations at East, West North and Belair Elementary
Schools, Special Learning Center, Calvary Lutheran High School, Pioneer Trail Elementary and more.85
Setting
The Ernst Simonsen High School is fairly cut off from any surrounding buildings. Three houses in the
Hobo Hill Historic District face the school on E. Miller St., on the south side of and at a higher level than
the school. A track / practice football field for the school is located west of the school but approximately 30
feet lower than the school’s elevation. Wear’s Creek is located underneath the track and curves around
the base of the steep slope north of the school. The east is defined by a rock bluff near the school facing
Marshall Street with parking lots for the school adjacent to the east side of the school and south of E.
Miller St., east of the houses. A depressed highway (Whitton Expressway / Highway 50) defines the south
side, located behind the houses facing E. Miller St.. In the half block south of the houses facing East Miller
Street, is the second home built in in 1913 for Hugh Stephens (listed in the National Register as the Hugh
and Bessie Stephens House). W here the school’s track is now, four small houses that may have extended
into Jackson Street’s right of way were removed during urban renewal in the 1960s. (Figures 2 and 3.) A
map from 1967 shows that the streets in this area still were not completed due to the topography and a
lack of bridges over Wear’s Creek. (Figure 15.) East Miller Street was not connected to Marshall Street
east of the high school due to the existence of a stone bluff until the mid to late 1970s. The connection
was finally made due to concerns regarding access for emergency response equipment.86
Recent History
84 “John H. Felt,” https://prabook.com/web/john.felt/1345895. Accessed October 20, 2020. 85 The Architects Alliance, Inc., https://www.thearchitectsalliance.com/project/porth-house/ and
https://www.thearchitectsalliance.com/portfolio/. Accessed October 20, 2020. 86 Interview with Nela Beetem, School nurse for Simonsen 9th Grade School, 1965 – 1975, October 1,
2012.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 8 Page 19
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
The former school was intended to be sold by the Jefferson City School District after the end of the 2018 –
2019 school year.87 The school year ended on May 22, 2019, but summer school was still planned to be
held in the building. The school district had estimated costs to rehabilitate the building for continued use
as a school at around $6 million.88 Within 23 hours after the school closed, it was damaged by the same
tornado that damaged houses in the Hobo Hill Historic District.89 Since that time the school has remained
vacant, with a temporary roof and numerous boarded up windows. The school district estimated repair of
tornado damage would be approximately $4 million.90 In August 2020 the school board voted to sell the
former Simonsen 9th Grade Center.91
Conclusion:
The Ernst Simonsen High School at 501 E. Miller St., Jefferson City, Cole County, Missouri is eligible for
listing on the National Register of Historic Places as a locally significant historic resource under Criteria A,
EDUCATION, with the period of significance being 1914 to 1954. This former school served as Jefferson
City’s first high school, signifying the community had accepted the value of high school courses as part of
public education. This building is the oldest public high school building remaining in Jefferson City. The
appearance of the former school has changed and evolved over time with later additions reflecting the
Classical Revival Style first used in 1914. This style was popular for school buildings in Jefferson City and
in Missouri built circa 1914 to 1927. Continual expansions provided space for the curriculum to expand,
starting with manual training (workshop, metal shop and drafting) then commercial classes (typ ing,
stenography, bookkeeping), teacher training, classes in music, art, theater, military tactics and the first
night classes. School services expanded at Simonsen, offering students a school nurse, librarian, the first
lunch service and the first speech therapist. Culturally a number of traditions were started at Simonsen,
with selection of the school colors, holding graduation at the school auditorium, weekly assemblies,
selection of a Marcullus Queen, establishment of football and basketball programs, and Hobo Days, a 50-
year tradition at Simonsen. At Simonsen high school classes changed from a deeper study of the same
subjects that were the focus of lower grades, such as math, spelling and writing, to exposing students to
training that could lead to potential careers as teachers, draftsmen or office workers. In 1954, Simonsen
was one of the first two schools integrated in Jefferson City, ending the period of significance. Even with
the changes and expansions over time, the building continues to reflect its function as a school building
over its 114 year history.
87 “JC Schools: Simonsen deemed a surplus property,”
https://www.newstribune.com/news/local/story/2019/oct/15/jc-schools-simonsen-deemed-surplus-
property/799690/. Accessed October 16, 2020. 88 Deborah Kendrick, “Jefferson City School District spends $2.7 million on tornado repairs,”
https://abc17news.com/news/jefferson-city/2020/05/20/jefferson-city-school-district-spends-2-7-million-on-
tornado-repairs/. Accessed October 16, 2020. 89 Kendrick. 90 Kyreon Lee, “District: Tornado damage to Simonsen estimated around $4 million, building future in
limbo,” https://krcgtv.com/news/local/district-tornado-damage-to-simonsen-estimated-around-4-million-
building-future-in-limbo. Accessed October 16, 2020. 91 Phillip Sitter, “School district agrees to sell Simonsen,”
https://www.newstribune.com/news/local/story/2020/aug/11/school-district-agrees-to-sell-
simonsen/837263/. Accessed October 16, 2020.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 8 Page 20
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 8 Page 21
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Major Biblographical References
The Architects Alliance, Inc.. accessed October 20, 2020. “Porth House.”
https://www.thearchitectsalliance.com/project/porth-house/ and “Projects.”
https://www.thearchitectsalliance.com /portfolio/.
_____. Blueprints - 1992 additions. Courtesy TD – Simonsen, LLC. Figure 18.
Beetem, Jane. “Hobo Hill Historic District.” National Register nomination, Missouri DNR State Historic
Preservation Office, 2013.
_____. Interviews with Jon Beetem, October 14, 2020 and Nela Beetem, October 1, 2012.
_____. Postcards in Figures 5 and 7.
Billington, Monroe. “Public School Integration in Missouri, 1954 – 1964.” The Journal of Negro Education,
Vol. 35, No. 3. (Summer, 1966): 252 – 262.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2293945?read-now=1&seq=2#page_scan_tab_contents.
Bing.com/maps. Contextual Map, Figure 3. Accessed October 14, 2020.
Brock, Marieke, Norma Kriger and Ramón Miró. “School Safety Policies and Programs Administered by
the U.S. Federal Government: 1990–2016.” National Criminal Justice Reference Service, August
2017. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/251517.pdf.
Chapel, Cynthia J. “Shifting History, Shifting Mission, Shifting Identity: The Search for Survival at Lincoln
University (Jefferson City, Missouri) 1866 – 1997,” PhD diss., Oklahoma State University,
Stillwater, 1997. https://shareok.org/bitstream/handle/11244/33233/Thesis-1997D-
C462s.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
The Daily Capital News, Jefferson City, Missouri. May 7, 1964. Map of urban renewal target areas, Figure
17.
_____. Articles dated May 15, 1920; November 10, 1920; November 30, 1920; December 5, 1920;
December 21, 1920; March 23, 1923.
Ebersoldt & Associates, current floor plans, 2020. Courtesty TD – Simonsen, LLC.
Felt & Kriehn, Architects. Kansas City, MO. Blueprints – 1939 Addition. Courtesy TD - Simonsen, LLC.
Giffen, Jerena East. The House on Hobo Hill, The History of the Jefferson City Public Schools. Jefferson
City, Missouri: Jefferson City Public Schools, 1964.
_____. Plus Two for Jay Hill. Jefferson City, Missouri: Jefferson City Public Schools, 1976. Photos, Figure
24.
Infoplease.com. www.infoplease.com/us/education/state-compulsory-school-attendance-laws. Accessed
December 12, 2020.
Jeffersoncitymo.gov. “History / Heritage of Jefferson City.” accessed October 20, 2020.
https://jeffersoncitymo.gov/live_play/history_heritage/index.php.
Kendrick, Deborah. “Jefferson City School District spends $2.7 million on tornado repairs,”
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 8 Page 22
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
https://abc17news.com/news/jefferson-city/2020/05/20/jefferson-city-school-district-spends-2-7-
million-on-tornado-repairs/. accessed October 16, 2020.
Kremer, Gary K. Heartland History: Essays on the Cultural Heritage of the Central Missouri Region. St.
Louis: G. Bradley Publishing, Inc., 2000.
Lee, Kyre on. “District: Tornado damage to Simonsen estimated around $4 million, building future in
limbo,” https://krcgtv.com/news/local/district-tornado-damage-to-simonsen-estimated-around-4-
million-building-future-in-limbo. accessed October 16, 2020.
Library of Congress. Sanborn Maps 1908, 1916, 1923, 1939 and 1939 - 1945.
https://www.loc.gov/collections/sanborn-maps/?fa=location:missouri%7Clocation:cole+county.
Accessed October 14, 2020.
Midmogis.org. GIS data for Figures 1, 2 and 16. Accessed October 21, 2020 and December 16, 2020.
Millstein, Cydney E. “Neosho High School,” National Register Nomination, Missouri DNR State Historic
Preservation Office, 2002.
Mirel, Jeffrey. ”The Traditional High School; Historical debates over its nature and function,” Education
Next, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1. http://educationnext.org/the-traditional-high-school/, Accesssed December
18, 2020.
The National Geologic Map Database, U.S. Geological Survey, 1967 topo map of Jefferson City.
Accessed October 21, 2020.
News-Tribune. “JC Schools: Simonsen deemed a surplus property,”
https://www.newstribune.com/news/local/story/2019/oct/15/jc-schools-simonsen-deemed-surplus-
property/799690/. accessed October 16, 2020.
Parks, Arnold G. Jefferson City. Charleston SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2010.
Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission, “Pennsylvania Architectural Field Guide: Classical
Revival Style 1895 – 1950.”
http://www.phm c.state.pa.us/portal/communities/architecture/styles/classical-revival.html.
Accessed October 26, 2020.
Prabook. “John H. Felt.” accessed October 20, 2020. https://prabook.com/web/john.felt/1345895.
Rosin, Elizabeth. “Trenton High School,” National Register Nomination, Missouri DNR State Historic
Preservation Office. 2010.
Sheals, Debbie. “Central School Campus,” National Register Nomination, Missouri DNR State Historic
Preservation Office. 2009.
Sitter,Phillip. “School district agrees to sell Simonsen,”
https://www.newstribune.com/news/local/story/2020/aug/11/school-district-agrees-to-sell-
simonsen/837263/. accessed October 16, 2020.
Underwood, Frank. Jefferson City Public Schools, Head of Transportation, Facilities and Safety. Email
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 8 Page 23
Ernst Simonsen High School
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
dated October 22, 2020 regarding the replacement windows; December 15, 2020 regarding
construction dates of Jefferson City Public Schools’ buildings.
U.S. Department of Education, “From There to Here: The Road to Reform of American High Schools,”
https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ovae/pi/hsinit/papers/history.pdf, accessed December 18,
2020.
United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division. “Information and Technical Assistance on the
Americans with Disabilities Act.”
https://www.ada.gov/ada_intro.htm#:~:text=The%20Americans%20with%20Disabilities%20Act,Bu
sh. accessed October 20, 2020.
ZHA Inc. and J. Dennis Wilson & Associates. State Capitol Historic District Survey, 1989 – 1990.
COAS002-S.pdf (mo.gov)
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Departm ent of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 10 Page 24
Hobo Hill Historic District (Boundary Increase 1)
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Verbal Boundary Description
The Ernst Simonsen High School boundary includes all the land surrounding the school on the north side
of the 500 block of E. Miller St., except for a small section at the southeast corner of Jackson and E.
McCarty Streets, and a parking lot on the south side of the 500 block of E. Miller Street.
Boundary Justification
The boundary for this nomination includes all land associated with the Ernst Simonsen High School
historically from the period of significance, 1914 to 1954, plus the parking lot on the south side of the 500
block of E. Miller Street. The former school is isolated from the surrounding area by Wears Creek and the
former school track on the west and northwest, Wears Creek on the north, a rock bluff and Marshall Street
on the east, the former school parking lot and Whitton Expressway on the south. The Hobo Hill Historic
District is adjacent to Simonsen on the south side of E. Miller Street.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Figures Page 25
Hobo Hill Historic District (Boundary Increase 1)
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Figure 1. Navigational map – in Jefferson City, most buildings face the Missouri River, so the
façade facing the river is typically known as “north” even though this may be more correctly
“northwest.” Map shows north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west and northwest
as used in this nomination to aid the reader. Source: midmogis.org Accessed October 21, 2020.
Figure 2. Ernst Simonosen High School Nomination Boundary.
Jackson and E. Miller Streets, Jefferson City, MO
Lat: 38.570963 Long: -92.169040
Source: midmogis.org Accessed December 16, 2020.
Not to scale.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Figures Page 26
Hobo Hill Historic District (Boundary Increase 1)
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Figure 3. Contextual Map, Source: https://www.bing.com/maps/ Accessed October 14, 2020.
Figure 4. Sanborn Maps – 1908. Source, https://www.loc.gov/collections/sanborn-
maps/?fa=location:missouri%7Clocation:cole+county. Accessed October 14, 2020.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Figures Page 27
Hobo Hill Historic District (Boundary Increase 1)
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Figure 5. Postcard, Jefferson City High School, postmarked 1911. Source: Jane Beetem collection.
Figure 6. Sanborn maps – 1916. Source, https://www.loc.gov/collections/sanborn-
maps/?fa=location:missouri%7Clocation:cole+county. Accessed October 14, 2020.
Figure 7. Postcard showing 1914 addition, not postmarked. Source: Jane Beetem collection.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Figures Page 28
Hobo Hill Historic District (Boundary Increase 1)
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Figure 8. Sanborn maps – 1923. Source, https://www.loc.gov/collections/sanborn-
maps/?fa=location:missouri%7Clocation:cole+county. Accessed October 14, 2020.
Figure 9. Drawing showing various sections / additions. Source: Preliminary design studies,
Ebersoldt & Associates, 2020. Courtesy TD - Simonsen, LLC.
Grey: Approx. location of
original 1905 school
(demolished for 1939
addition)
Orange: 1914 addition.
Green: 1939 additions.
Blue: 1992 additions.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Figures Page 29
Hobo Hill Historic District (Boundary Increase 1)
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Figure 10: Circa 1914 photo showing high school students celebrating Hobo Day in 1914. Started
in 1906, the high school seniors celebrated this day each spring until 1955. Source: Giffen, 109.
Figure 11: Cafeteria in Ernst Simonsen High School, 1922. Source: Giffen, 128.
Figure 12: Circa 1939 photo. Source: Giffen, House on Hobo Hill, 147.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Figures Page 30
Hobo Hill Historic District (Boundary Increase 1)
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Figure 13. Sanborn maps – 1939. Source, https://www.loc.gov/collections/sanborn-
maps/?fa=location:missouri%7Clocation:cole+county. Accessed October 14, 2020.
Figure 14. Blueprints – 1939 Addition, First-floor; South and East Elevations. Source: Felt &
Kriehn, Architects. Kansas City, MO. Courtesy TD - Simonsen, LLC.
Figure 15. 1967 topo map of Jefferson City, showing no connection between E. Miller and Marshall
St. east of school. Source:
https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/img4/ht_icons/overlay/MO/MO_Jefferson%20City_323072_1967_24000_ge
o.jpg. Accessed October 21, 2020.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Figures Page 31
Hobo Hill Historic District (Boundary Increase 1)
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Figure 16. 1960, 1974 and 1996 aerial photos. Source: Midmogis.org. Accessed October 14, 2020.
Figure 17. Map of urban renewal target areas, showing former school’s track area as slated for
removal of houses. Source: The Daily Capital News, Jefferson City, Missouri. May 7, 1964, 5.
Figure 18. 1992 Addition plan and first-floor. Source: The Architects Alliance, Jefferson City, MO.
Courtesy TD - Simonsen, LLC.
1960 1974 1996
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Figures Page 32
Hobo Hill Historic District (Boundary Increase 1)
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Figure 19: Current floor plan, ground floor. Preliminary Design Studies, Ebersoldt & Associates,
2020. Courtesty TD – Simonsen, LLC.
Figure 20: Current floor plan, first floor. Preliminary Design Studies, Ebersoldt & Associates, 2020.
Courtesty TD – Simonsen, LLC.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Figures Page 33
Hobo Hill Historic District (Boundary Increase 1)
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Figure 21: Current floor plan, second floor. Preliminary Design Studies, Ebersoldt & Associates,
2020. Courtesty TD – Simonsen, LLC.
Figure 22: Floor plan, third floor. Preliminary Design Studies, Ebersoldt & Associates, 2020.
Courtesty TD – Simonsen, LLC.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Figures Page 34
Hobo Hill Historic District (Boundary Increase 1)
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Figure 23: Photo key map - exterior. Source: Jane Beetem, Hobo Hill Historic District nomination,
2013 and The Architects Alliance, Jefferson City, MO. Courtesy TD - Simonsen, LLC.
Not to scale.
Figure 24: Photo Key Map – interior, ground floor: Source: Preliminary Design Studies, Ebersoldt
& Associates, 2020. Courtesty TD – Simonsen, LLC. Not to scale.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Figures Page 35
Hobo Hill Historic District (Boundary Increase 1)
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Figure 25: Photo Key Map – interior, first floor: Source: Preliminary Design Studies, Ebersoldt &
Associates, 2020. Courtesty TD – Simonsen, LLC. Not to scale.
Figure 26: Photo Key Map – interior, second floor: Source: Preliminary Design Studies, Ebersoldt
& Associates, 2020. Courtesty TD – Simonsen, LLC. Not to scale.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Figures Page 36
Hobo Hill Historic District (Boundary Increase 1)
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Figure 27: Table of public school buildings in Jefferson City, Civil War to 1980.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Figures Page 37
Hobo Hill Historic District (Boundary Increase 1)
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Figure 27: Table of public school buildings in Jefferson City, Civil War to 1980.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Figures Page 38
Hobo Hill Historic District (Boundary Increase 1)
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Figure 27: Table of public school buildings in Jefferson City, Civil War to 1980.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Figures Page 39
Hobo Hill Historic District (Boundary Increase 1)
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Figure 24 (continued): Table of public school buildings in Jefferson City, Civil War to 1980.
December 30, 2020
Rach e l Senzee
Hi stori c Preser vation Commission
32 0 E. McCarty St.
J efferson City, MO 65 101
dnr.mo.gov
Re : EARL SIMON SEN HIG H SCHOOL, 501 E . Mill er Street, Jeffers on City, Cole County;
ORCHARD ACRES , 211 3 W. Main Stree t, Jeffers on City , Col e County
Dear Rachel Sen zee:
We are pleased to inform you that the abo ve named properti es hav e be e n nomin ated for li stin g in
the Nati on a l Register of Hi storic Places . They may be schedul ed for r eview at th e n ex t Mi sso uri
Advi sory Coun cil on Historic Prese r vati on mee tin g on March 5, 2021, at 10 a.m. Due to recent
concem s r egardin g the spread o f COVID-1 9 , th e m eeting w ill be h eld r emotely. In stru cti o ns on
how to participate in the meeting will be posted on our web site at le a st a wee k prior t o the
m eeting : https :/ /dnr.mo.gov/sh po/
As a Ce rtifi ed Lo cal Governm e nt (CL G), your c ommunity is part of a preservation pmi ner s hip
with the Sta te Hi s tori c Pre ser vation O ffi ce and the Nation al Park Servi ce. A key pa rt of that
partner ship is providing co mments on Nati o nal Register nominations for properti es w ithin yo ur
jurisdi ction. To thi s end , pl ease find enclo se d a draft nomination and the "Cert ifi e d Lo ca l
Governm ents and the N ational Registe r of Histo ri c Pl a ce s" document, w hi ch includ es a repmi
form tha t can be use d to r eco rd comments f rom t he CLG c ommi ss ion an d th e c hi ef e lecte d
offi cial. Pl ea se submi t co mments to the State Hi stori c Preserv ation Offi ce, P.O. Box 176,
Jeffe rson City, MO 65102 prim· to the abo ve mentioned meeting d ate . Pl ease ca ll 573 -751-7858
if you hav e any que stio ns.
Sincerely,
STATE HISTORIC P RESERVATIO N OFFI CE
T o ni M. Prawl, Ph.D.
Direc tor and Deputy
State Historic Preservati on Offi cer
0
Recycled paper
Missouri CLG National Register of Historic Places -Nomination Review Report Form
Property Name: Orchard Acres, 2113 W. Main St., Jefferson City, Cole County
Certified Local Government: Rachel Senzee
Date of public meeting at which nomination was reviewed:
Criteria of Significance Please check the responses appropriate to the nomination review.
NOTE: For more information on the criteria, see National Register Bulletin: 15 How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation.
D Criterion A. Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to our history.
D Criterion B. Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past.
D Criterion C. Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period or method of construction, or represents
a work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose
components may lack individual distinction (a district).
D Criterion D. Property has yielded or may be likely to yield information important in prehistory or history.
D None of the Above
Integrity Please check below the responses appropriate to the nomination review.
NOTE: For more information on integrity, see National Register Bulletin: 15 How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation.
D The property retains authentic historic character from its period of significance.
D The property has been significantly altered and no longer retains authentic historic character from its period of
significance.
Review Comments Please check below the responses appropriate to the nomination review.
Commission/Board
D The commission/board recommends that the property is significant, retains integrity and is eligible for listing in the
National Register of Historic Places.
D The commission/board recommends that the property does not meet the criteria of significance and/or no longer
retains integrity and is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places.
D The commission/board chooses not to make a recommendation on the nomination. An explanation of the lack of a
recommendation is attached.
Chief Elected Official
D The chief elected official recommends that the property is significant, retains integrity and is eligible for listing in the
National Register of Historic Places.
D The chief elected official recommends that the property does not meet the criteria of significance and/or no longer
retains integrity and is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places.
D The chief elected official chooses not to make a recommendation on the nomination. An explanation of the lack of a
recommendation is attached.
Attach additional sheets for further comments.
CLG Commission/Board Chair or Representative
Print Name:----------------------------------
Signature and Date:-----------------------------
Chief Elected Official or Designee
Print Name:---------------------------------
Signature and Date:-----------------------------
Certified L ocal G ov ernm ents a nd the N ation al R egi s ter of H is toric Place s
In tro du cti o n
As pa rt of t he partn e rs hip between t he State Hi sto ri c Preservat ion Offi ce (S HPO) a nd a Cert ifi ed Loca l
Governm e nt (C LG), th e CLG is res po ns ible fo r rev iew in g and comm ent in g on Natio na l Registe r of Hi sto ri c
Pl aces no min ati o ns* for pro pe rt ies w it hin its juri sdi cti o n. T he S HP O forwa rd s draft no min atio ns to a CLG s hortl y
afte r rece ipt. T he c hi ef el ec ted offi c ia l and th e local hi sto ri c preservat io n co mmi ss io n (loc al co mmi ss io n) rev iew
th e no min ati o ns a nd separate ly co mm e nt o n th em befo re th ey are prese nt ed at a Mi sso uri Adv isory Co un c il on
Hi stori c Preserva ti on (MOAC H P) meetin g .
Co mm entin g o n Nomin at ions
T he Natio na l Registe r of Hi sto ri c P laces no min atio n process re quires pu b li c pa rtic ipa ti o n; fo r t hi s reaso n it is
reco mm e nd ed th at co nsid eration o f Nati o na l Register no minati o ns be p lace d o n a loca l commi ss io n mee tin g
age nd a. Pl ease e ns ure th e nomin ati o n is s hare d w ith loca l comm iss ion memb e rs and th e chi ef e lected offi c ia l.
Local pr ese rva ti o n commi ss io ns have a n in tim ate know led ge of loca l hi sto ry and reso ur ces. Us in g that
kn ow ledge and Natio na l Pa rk Service g ui da nce o n th e Nati o na l Reg ister of Hi stori c Pl aces, cons id er the
fo ll ow in g qu esti o ns a bo ut th e prope rty a nd the no min at io n (see th e Rev iew Re po rt Fo rm attac hm ent):
• Us in g the Nati o na l Reg ister Cri te ri a of S ig nifi ca nce, is th e pro perty hi sto ri ca ll y s ig nifi ca nt ?
• Does th e pro perty retain hi sto ri c in tegr ity?
• T o th e bes t of yo ur kno w ledge, is the in fo rmati o n in th e nomin at ion correc t?
• Do es th e no min ati o n conta in s uffi c ient in fo rm ati o n to d ocum ent th e signifi ca nce and inte gri ty o f th e
pro perty?
Fo ll ow in g rev iew, both th e loca l co mmi ss io n and th e chi ef e lected offi c ia l o f th e CLG w ill info rm t he SHP O o f
th e ir se parate opini o ns rega rding t he Nati o na l Register no min atio n pri or to th e c lo ses t MO AHC P meet in g . If th e
loca l co mmi ss io n a nd /o r th e c hi ef e lected o ffi c ia l s upp o rt th e no mina t ion o r if no co mme nts are rece ive d, the
S HP O w ill process th e no minati on acco rdi ng to fe de ra l g uid e lin es. If th e loca l commi ss io n o r t he c hi ef elected
o ffi c ia l o pp ose th e no min atio n, a letter o r re po rt o utlinin g the reasons for o bj ecti o n sha ll be f or wa rd ed to th e
SHP O . Pl ease not e, comm e nts sho uld be based up o n wh ethe r o r no t a pro per ty meets Nation a l Reg ister criteri a as
outlined by N P S g uid a nce (see links below). If both th e loca l co mmi ss io n and chi ef elected offic ia l obj ec t to the
no min ati o n, the pro pe rty w ill not be no min ated to th e Nati o na l Registe r of Hi sto ric Pl aces unl ess th e d ec is ion is
a ppea led v ia t he process o ut lin ed in 36 CF R 60 .12. Pl ease note, eve n in cases w here both th e loca l co mmi ss io n
and th e chi ef e lected offi c ia l o bj ect to th e li stin g, the SH PO may still pr ocess th e nomin ati o n fo r a de termin ati o n
of e li g ibility v ia th e MO AC HP a nd NP S bu t thi s ac t does not res ult in fo rm a l li stin g .
CLG Nomin ati on Rev iew Report Fo rm
Att ach ed is a rev iew f o rm that ca n be used to pr ov id e comm ents on Nati o na l Register no min atio ns to t he S HP O.
Th ere are secti o ns on th e fo rm to record loca l commi ss ion and c hi ef e lected offi c ia l comm e nt s (thu s a s in g le for m
may be sent back to th e SHP O). Use of thi s fo rm is not required and is pro vide d o nl y as a guid e for prov idin g
comme nt s and reco mm endati o ns. Pl ease prov ide co mm ents t o t he S HP O pri o r to th e Mi sso uri Adv iso ry Co un c il
o n Hi stori c Preserva ti o n meetin g .
Lin ks
N P S Bull etin 16 A: How to Compl et e the Nat io n al R egister Fo rm:
http s:/ /www .n ps .go v/nr/pub licat io ns /bu ll etins/nrb I6a/
N P S Bull etin 15 : Applyin g Nation al R egister Criteria/or Eval uation:
http s://www .n ps .gov /nr/pub lica ti o ns /bu ll et ins/nr b 15 /
Ge ne ral Natio na l Register in formation: https://d nr .mo .gov/shp o/natio nal.htm
Mi sso uri Adv isory Coun c il meetin gs (in c lud es sc hedul e, link to d raft no min ations, and link to Co un c il 's
de c is ions): https ://dnr.mo.go v/shpo/moachp.htm
*Th e SHP O forwards non-fe dera l nom in ati ons to CLGs . Federal no mination s have a se parate process. See 36 CFR 60 fo r
more inform at ion: http s://www .law .corne ll.ed u/cfr/text/36/part-60 .
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
1
National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How
to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for
"not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the
instructions. Place additional certification comments, entries, and narrative items on continuation sheets if needed (NPS Form 10-900a).
1. Name of Property
Historic name Orchard Acres
Other names/site number N/A
Name of related Multiple Property Listing N/A
2. Location
Street & number 2113 W. Main St. N/A not for publication
City or town Jefferson City N/A vicinity
State Missouri Code MO County Cole Code 051 Zip code 65109
3. State/Federal Agency Certification
As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended,
I hereby certify that this nomination _ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for
registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements
set forth in 36 CFR Part 60.
In my opinion, the property _ meets _ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property
be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance:
national statewide local
Applicable National Register Criteria: A X B X C D
Signature of certifying official/Title Date
Missouri Department of Natural Resources
State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government
In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register criteria.
Signature of commenting official Date
Title State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government
4. National Park Service Certification
I hereby certify that this property is:
entered in the National Register determined eligible for the National Register
determined not eligible for the National Register removed from the National Register
other (explain:) _________________
Signature of the Keeper Date of Action
United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Orchard Acres Cole County, Missouri
Name of Property County and State
2
5. Classification
Ownership of Property
(Check as many boxes as apply.)
Category of Property
(Check only one box.)
Number of Resources within Property
(Do not include previously listed resources in the count.)
Contributing Noncontributing
X private building(s) 2 buildings
public - Local X district 1 sites
public - State site 3 structures
public - Federal structure objects
object 6 Total
Number of contributing resources previously
listed in the National Register
N/A
6. Function or Use
Historic Functions
(Enter categories from instructions.)
Current Functions
(Enter categories from instructions.)
DOMESTIC/single family dwelling DOMESTIC/single family dwelling
EDUCATION/research facility/laboratory
7. Description
Architectural Classification
(Enter categories from instructions.) Materials
(Enter categories from instructions.)
20th century revivals/Regency Colonial Revival foundation: STONE
walls: BRICK
CEDAR
roof: ASPHALT
other:
X
NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION ON CONTINUTATION PAGES
United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Orchard Acres Cole County, Missouri
Name of Property County and State
8. Statement of Significance
Applicable National Register Criteria
(Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National
Register listing.)
A Property is associated with events that have made a
significant contribution to the broad patterns of our
history.
X B Property is associated with the lives of persons
significant in our past.
X C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics
of a type, period, or method of construction or
represents the work of a master, or possesses high
artistic values, or represents a significant
and distinguishable entity whose components lack
individual distinction.
D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information
important in prehistory or history.
Criteria Considerations
(Mark "x" in all the boxes that apply.)
Property is:
A
Owned by a religious institution or used for religious
purposes.
B
removed from its original location.
C
a birthplace or grave.
D
a cemetery.
E
a reconstructed building, object, or structure.
F
a commemorative property.
G
less than 50 years old or achieving significance
within the past 50 years.
X
STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE ON CONTINUTATION PAGES
Areas of Significance
Health/Medicine
ARCHITECTURE: Colonial Revival
Period of Significance
1939; 1950-1970
Significant Dates
1939, 1950, 1953
Significant Person
(Complete only if Criterion B is marked above.)
Dr. Everett Dornbush Sugarbaker
Cultural Affiliation
N/A
Architect/Builder
Weber, John
9. Major Bibliographical References
Bibliography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form.)
Previous documentation on file (NPS): Primary location of additional data:
preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67 has been State Historic Preservation Office
requested) Other State agency
previously listed in the National Register Federal agency
previously determined eligible by the National Register Local government
designated a National Historic Landmark University
recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey #____________ Other
recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # __________ Name of repository: Missouri Historic Preservation Office
recorded by Historic American Landscape Survey # ___________
Historic Resources Survey Number (if assigned): _____________________________________________________________________
10. Geographical Data
United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018
Orchard Acres Cole County, Missouri
Name of Property County and State
Acreage of Property 13.6
Latitude/Longitude Coordinates
Datum if other than WGS84:__________
(enter coordinates to 6 decimal places)
1 38.591234 -92.209764 3
Latitude: Longitude: Latitude:
Longitude:
2 4
Latitude: Longitude:
Latitude: Longitude:
UTM References
(Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet.)
NAD 1927 or NAD 1983
1 3
Zone
Easting
Northing Zone
Easting
Northing
2 4
Zone
Easting
Northing
Zone
Easting
Northing
Verbal Boundary Description (On continuation sheet) A map (Figure 2) has been used in lieu of a verbal description
Boundary Justification (On continuation sheet) A map (Figure 2) has been used in lieu of a verbal description
11. Form Prepared By
name/title Joe McElroy, Kay McElroy, Shauna Wiet, Rena Ann Pedersen, Jacob Morris, MO SHPO
organization McElroy Associates date Oct. 2, 2020
street & number 1164 George Lane telephone 630 717-1067
city or town Naperville state IL zip code 60540
e-mail Joe9204@gmail.com
Additional Documentation
Submit the following items with the completed form:
• Maps:
o A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location.
o A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Key all
photographs to this map.
• Continuation Sheets
• Photographs
• Owner Name and Contact Information
• Additional items: (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items.)
Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate
properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a
benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.460 et seq.).
Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18 hours per response including time for reviewing
instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of
this form to the Office of Planning and Performance Management. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1849 C. Street, NW, Washington, DC.
United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018
Orchard Acres Cole County, Missouri
Name of Property County and State
Photographs
Submit clear and descriptive photographs. The size of each image must be 1600x1200 pixels (minimum), 3000x2000 preferred,
at 300 ppi (pixels per inch) or larger. Key all photographs to the sketch map. Each photograph must be numbered and that
number must correspond to the photograph number on the photo log. For simplicity, the name of the photographer, photo date,
etc. may be listed once on the photograph log and doesn’t need to be labeled on every photograph.
Photo Log:
Name of Property: Orchard Acres
City or Vicinity: Jefferson City
County: Cole State:
MO
Photographer:
Joseph McElroy; Rena Pedersen
Date
Photographed: June 28, 29; Oct. 10, 11, 2020
Description of Photograph(s) and number, include description of view indicating direction of camera:
1 of 22: View of north façade. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0001. Looking south
2 of 22: Front door. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0002. Looking south
3 of 22: Crest & pedimented gable. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0003. Looking south
4 of 22: South façade. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0004. Looking south
5 of 22: West façade. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0005. Looking east
6 of 22: East façade. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0006. Looking west
7 of 22: Foyer & curved staircase. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0007. Looking south
8 of 22: Living room with fireplace. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0008. Looking southeast
9 of 22: Music room with bay window. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0009. Looking north
10 of 22: New dining room fireplace. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0010. Looking west
11 of 22: New dining room ceiling. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0011. Looking up
12 of 22: Kitchen. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0012. Looking southeast
13 of 22: Sitting Room. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0013. Looking north
14 of 22: Master bedroom. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0014. Looking east
15 of 22: Dressing area with crystal chandelier. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0015. Facing south
16 of 22: Doctor’s office. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0016. Looking east
17 of 22: Boys third floor bedroom. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0017. Looking east
18 of 22: Basement fireplace. MO_Cole_County_Orchard Acres_0018.
19 of 22: Lab/garage. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0019. Looking south
20 of 22: Outdoor Fireplace. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0020. Looking south
21 of 22: Apple bin. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0021. Looking south
22 of 22: Fallout shelter. MO_Cole County_Orchard Acres_0022. Looking south
:
United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018
Orchard Acres Cole County, Missouri
Name of Property County and State
Figure Log:
Include figures on continuation pages at the end of the nomination. Figure 1: Google Contextual Map. Not to scale. Figure 2: District Site Map, Latitude/Longitude Coordinates. Not to scale. Figure 3: Doctor's bag. Figure 4: Tissue and blood samples. Figure 5: Medical equipment. Figure 6: An Atlas of Surgical Oncology by Everett D. Sugarbaker,1983. Figure 7: Assessor's Map. Site Map. Not to scale. Figure 8: Contributing resources. Source: Assessor’s map/on-site research. Not to scale. Figure 9: Photo map. Numbered exterior photos. Not to scale. Figure 10: First floor, Sugarbaker home. Not to scale. Source: Site visit. Figure 11: Second floor, Sugarbaker home. Source: Site visit. Not to scale. Figure 12: Third floor, Sugarbaker home. Source: Site visit. Not to scale. Figure 13: Orchard Acres sign on W. Main St. Figure 14: 1950s view (snow) of north facade. Figure 15: Dr. Everett D. Sugarbaker’s patent for “The Gadget.” Figure 16: 503 E. High Street, Sugarbaker Tumor Clinic Figure 17: Villa Panorama House, 1310 Swifts Highway.
Figure 18: Grove House, 505 East State Street.
Figure 19: Zuendt (Johnson) House, 920 East Jefferson.
Figure 20: 1107 Moreau Drive; within the Moreau Drive Historic District.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 7 Page 1
Orchard Acres
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Narrative Description
Summary Description Statement
Orchard Acres is a 13.56-acre property at 2113 West Main Street in Jefferson City, Cole County, Missouri
(Figure 1). It includes two contributing buildings: a 3,839-square-foot brick and cedar Colonial Revival
home, built in 1939; and an 800-square-foot science laboratory built in 1953 by Dr. Everett and Mrs.
Geneva Sugarbaker, who purchased the property in 1950.
The home is a late Colonial Revival style of the relatively rare Regency sub-type . Colonial Revivals are not
common in Jefferson City, according to the City of Jefferson, Missouri Historic Preservation Plan.1
Even less common is the sub-type, Regency. Virginia and Lee McAlester write: “The Regency Variation of
the Colonial Revival…loosely based on English rather than American precedents, was popular in the
1930s.” 2 Regency Colonial Revivals like the home at Orchard Acres are characterized by shallow
overhangs and more restrained, finer detailing than typically found in Colonial Revivals. Sometimes called
“Modern Georgian,” although the overall look of Regency homes is noted for its refinement of detail,
greater restraint and more delicate design.3
The resource count—in order of importance-is as follows:
• The house, which includes the home office where Dr. Everett Sugarbaker did cancer
research and writing;
• The garage/laboratory, where Dr. Sugarbaker did experiments with assistance from
his children, including four future cancer experts whose training began there;
• The apple orchard that inspired the property’s name;
• A 1962 fallout shelter;
• An outdoor fireplace; and
• An apple bin.
Elaboration
Setting: Visitors traveling along West Main Street in Jefferson City will have little trouble picking out the
subject property (Photo 1)), the only large lot single-family home in the area, set back 234 feet south of
Main by an expansive lawn. Adjacent properties include several small lot single-family houses on the
south side of Main Street. The small lot single-family houses immediately northeast of Orchard Acres were
apparently subdivided before the Orchard Acres home was built in 1939 (Figure 2).
When they moved to Orchard Acres in 1950, the Sugarbakers had begun raising their family of 10
children. Therefore, changes were made, although none that detract from the overall style of the house,
and virtually nothing on the front façade. In 1952 the third-floor attic was converted into a dormitory style
bedroom for the family’s four sons. In 1954 a 15-by-25 single story dining room with a vaulted ceiling was
added to the south (rear) elevation. Southwest of the house, in the back yard, is the lab/garage, built in
1 City of Jefferson Historic Preservation Plan Appendix A: Jefferson City’s Architectural Styles. P.9 2 McAlester, Virginia and Lee. P. 330. 3 https://dahp.wa.gov/historic-preservation/historic-buildings/architectural-style-guide/regency-revival
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 7 Page 2
Orchard Acres
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/A
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
1953. Also found in the back yard are a stone fireplace, a fallout shelter from the 1950s, and an earth-
sheltered apple cellar that was installed by the previous owners who ran the apple orchard continued by
the Sugarbakers.
Exterior Description: This is a three-bay, center hall Colonial with a slightly projecting pedimented center
pavilion. The two-story, brick house is flanked by original one-story wings (Figure 3). All roofs, constructed
with asphalt shingles, are gabled. The western wing in the form of a two-car garage has a roofline pierced
by dormer windows on the north and south elevations. The main structure has paired chimneys topped
with modern metal chimney caps. On the front elevation are matching original downspouts with
ornamental scuppers.
Unlike most Colonials, the home exhibits asymmetrical balance because of the first-floor bay window on
the west side of the primary (north) façade. Although not symmetrical, the visual weight is balanced by a
large ten-over-ten fixed window on the east side of the façade. The Adamesque doorway, common in the
Regency style, is flanked by pilasters and topped with a full entablature (Photo 2). Family members who
grew up in the house believe the traditional wood front door is original. Based upon photographic evidence
it does date to the period of historical significance, 1950-1970. The door is typical of the Colonial style with
the exception that rather than six panels, the top two are replaced by four small decorative arched topped
windows. The curved metal railings found on each side of the door are Regency features. Flanking the
main entrance are paired, diamond-pane leaded glass casement windows. Above the front door is the
original coach light.
North elevation wood windows are original true divided light double-hung sash. The center second story
window is comprised of a group of three nine-over-nine double hung sash. Above this is a circular floral
medallion, also typical of the Regency variation (Photo 3). All the double hung windows on the north
façade are topped by brick, soldier coursed, flat arches with the exception of the large, first floor east
window which features a brick segmental arch. First floor windows all feature original wood storms and –
with the exception of the bay window – brick sills.
The windows are flanked by fixed decorative shutters which are not of a dimension they would be if
operable and functional. These shutters are shown in photos from the mid-1950s, so they are concurrent
to the period of significance. It is unknown whether they were installed by the Sugarbakers or the original
owners.
Rear (south) façade is bisected by the 15-by-25-foot single-story dining room with vaulted ceiling that was
added in 1954 (Photo 4). Exterior bricks match those used on the first floor of the main house and round
topped windows were likewise used to echo the original openings on the east screen porch (now enclosed
sunroom).
On the south elevation the gable roof is pierced by shed roof dormers over the east sunroom wing and
over the middle of the rear elevation. The attic dormer windows were part of the 1952 remodeling of the
attic into boys’ sleeping quarters (Photo 5). and the attic above the sunporch into Doctor Sugarbaker’s
home office. The window sash on the shed dormers are done in the Chicago style with a large plate glass
fixed sash flanked, in this case, by narrow four-light casement windows. There is a door and small second
story balcony off a bedroom above the kitchen. Immediately east of the kitchen door is an original boot
scraper. Kitchen windows are a pair of six-light casements over the kitchen sink. Six-over-six wood double
hung windows on second floor face south from the master bedroom. The second story south elevation
windows have aluminum storms.
West façade: The original attached two-car garage is the west wing of the house and recessed back from
the main part of the building. As with the main house, the garage has a gable roof. It is brick on the first
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United States Department of the Interior
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Orchard Acres
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Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
floor and cedar siding on the upper level. The west elevation has two six-over-six double hung windows on
the first floor with soldier course segmental arches. The gable end features six-over-six paired double
hung windows with aluminum storm windows and flat arches. The second-floor west elevation has an
eight-over-eight window with double hung sash. The attic gable end of the west elevation of the main
house has six-over-six double hung windows flanking the west chimney (Photo 5).
East façade includes the east wing sunroom with arched windows (Photo 6). Originally an open screened
porch, the Sugarbakers converted it into a three-season room with fixed, archtop transoms above jalousie
windows. Doctor Sugarbaker’s home office was created from a walk-in attic above this space. On the
gable end is a single, double-hung, six-over-six window.
Interior Description: The entry hall is floored by polychrome encaustic tile in a repeating octagon and
square motif. Between the entry and foyer is a large arched uncased opening typical of the 1930s. The
foyer is lit by the original Colonial style pendant light. Subtle Regency details are present in the form of
delicate metal swag decorations. The doorway is flanked by a small half bath on the right (west) and a
ladies’ makeup room on the left. The focal point of the foyer is a curved Regency staircase (Photo 7). The
original turned balusters are painted white, with a walnut rail with spiral and newel. Steps are pine. This
differs from a typical Colonial Revival, which would have a square or classical staircase. Looking up the
staircase one will find traditional medallion pattern wallpaper, which is original at least to the period of
significance (1950 to 1970) and perhaps before. The medallion wallpaper echoes the rosette in the center
pediment of the primary elevation. To the right (west) of the staircase is a hallway leading the dining room
and kitchen. In the hallway is an original recessed telephone niche.
To the left (east) of the foyer is a formal living room with large windows on the north (front) and east sides.
On the east wall is a traditional Colonial Revival fireplace with classical surround featuring pilasters and
entablature with the cornice as the mantle. The firebox is surrounded by black marble and has a black
marble hearth (Photo 8).
To the right (west) through an arched doorway the foyer leads to the original dining room, which features
the bay window on the north elevation. As the family grew, a larger dining room was added to the rear
(south) façade and this room became a music room. It has crown molding and chair rails and like the rest
of the first floor, original wide-plank pine floors (Photo 9).
The hallway, which can be accessed from the foyer, living room or original dining room, leads on the south
side of the house to the new dining room, which family members still call the “New Room” (Photo 10). The
Sugarbakers built it in 1954, expanding a much smaller room. Now serving as a multi-purpose room, it
includes a vaulted, beamed ceiling and a round top window. It is finished in knotty pine on the walls and
ceiling. A fireplace made of random ashlar stone with a reduced chimney throat is along the west wall. The
room is lit by a ship’s wheel chandelier (Photo 11).
The kitchen retains excellent integrity. Original elements include linoleum floors over oak flooring, and
vintage painted cabinets along with blue and white glazed porcelain tile counters and half wall. The white
glazed walls are bordered in royal blue and inset with coordinating decorative tulip and swag tile pencil
molding (Photo 12).
Both the east and west sides of the house have recessed wings. To the west is a two-car attached garage
accessible via a small hallway off the kitchen. The hallway leads to the garage, the back yard and the
basement. The wing on the east side of the home is a sunporch with louvered arched windows. It is now
used primarily for storage of medical books.
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Second floor: The curved staircase leads to a second story hallway with vintage dogwood pattern
wallpaper. The master bedroom and bath are on the east side of the second floor and two secondary
bedrooms are on the west. These share a Jack & Jill bathroom. At the top of the stairs, immediately
above the main first floor entry on the north façade, is a small open sitting room with Civil War era
furniture and Chinoiserie wallpaper (Photo 13). Throughout the second floor are arched, uncased
openings, original crown moldings and baseboard, and original six panel doors with glass knobs. The
second story floors are oak.
On the northeast corner of the second floor is the master bedroom (Photo 14). Under an arched opening
on the east side is an alcove flanked by paired closets. On the west side is a dressing area leading to the
vintage pink tile master bath. The dressing area features an original crystal ceiling fixture (Photo 15). A
door on the east wall the room leads to Dr. Sugarbaker’s office (Photo 16). It is also finished in knotty pine.
Although some miscellaneous storage has been added, the office remains essentially unchanged from the
period of significance, including the doctor’s black bag, slides with blood and tissue samples, and other
medical equipment, along with many medical books (Figures 4, 5, and 6).
Attic and basement: The home includes a master bedroom and two secondary bedrooms, which posed
a sleeping quarters issue for the parents of six girls and four boys. The solution was to convert the attic
into a dormitory style bedroom, complete with a bathroom and knotty pine walls and ceiling. (Photo 17).
The partially finished basement has a foundation made of rough faced cut stone. A shallow coal burning
fireplace and asbestos or linoleum tile floors are original decorative features dating to the time of the
Sugarbakers, as is a knotty pine summer kitchen. The green and tan tiles are interspersed with decorative
tiles of a sailing motif. In the utility room, the original ductwork for an octopus furnace is extant although
the furnace itself is not (Photo 18).
Exterior Property Features:
Laboratory/garage (contributing): Southwest of the main house, accessed most easily through the
back door off the kitchen, is the 1953 building (Photo 19) used as a single-car garage and--more
importantly--as a scientific laboratory by Dr. Sugarbaker and his assistants, otherwise known as his
children. All got an introduction to biology by helping their father perform experiments on a special type of
rat delivered from Boston monthly.4 The gable roofed, one and a half story garage is constructed of first
floor brick with aluminum siding above. The east façade has a small one-over-one double hung window to
the left of a wood and glass service door, and two metal casement windows to the right. The North façade
has an aluminum replacement single car garage door and another casement window. The building was
used as one bay for a garage and the other bays for the lab. The north elevation has a second story
batten door which accesses a storage area. The building is now used for storage, with no laboratory or
medical equipment remaining. However, no structural changes—inside or out—have been made.
Hardscape (contributing): Outdoor fireplaces were popular in the 1950s, and there is an extant and
typical one which dates to the period of historical significance. It is constructed of white painted brick and
is sympathetic to the house (Photo 20). Near the fireplace is an earth bermed, cast concrete fruit cellar to
store apples harvested from the orchard, which makes up the majority of the property. It features
limestone retaining walls and a wood batten door at the entrance (Photo 21). It is topped by metal turbine
ventilator. Also found in the back yard is a fallout shelter built during the 1962 (Photo 22).5
4 Diggs, Deborah Sugarbaker. Fugitive Spring. Chapter 2. 5 Ibid, 58-60.
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Integrity Assessment
In 1950, when Everett and Geneva Sugarbaker moved to Orchard Acres, they already had four children,
with six more to follow. It was clear they would need to expand their home, but they chose to do so in a
way that respected the original character of the home, both inside and out. The 1950s and 1960s are
infamous for insensitive remodeling, but that was not the case at 2113 West Main Street in Jefferson City.
Although changes were made, the setting – the slope upward from West Main Street, the large front lawn,
the orchard – remains intact.
The Sugarbakers made the following changes:
• 1952: Third floor attic converted into bedroom & washroom for the family’s four sons;
• 1953: Laboratory/one car garage built behind (southwest) of main home;
• 1954: Dining room with vaulted ceiling;
• Office added off master bedroom on southeast side of house;
• Screened porch on east side of home converted to three-season room
The home retains remarkable integrity from the period of significance. The changes described above are
secondary to the original design. As is evident from exterior photos taken in the mid-1950s and in 2020,
the front elevation remains entirely original. There are no changes to the windows or openings, and the
original chimney and roof placements are unaltered. The door surround, bay window, leaded glass
windows, stoop railings, coach light and decorative rosette complete the historic façade.
Original pine and oak floors, door and window trim, stair and balustrade, lighting, doors and doorknobs,
chair rails and fixtures define the interior. Throughout the home, carefully installed vintage wallpaper
remains. A one-story sympathetic addition was added to the rear of the home. The kitchen retains its
original shape and finishes. All improvements by the Sugarbakers used the same type of gabled roof and
brick as in the main house.
None of the changes detract from the Regency sub-style, which is overall more delicate than commonly
found in Colonial Revival. Character-defining features particular to this sub-style are as follows: The
detailing is slightly more modern, as evidenced in: the Adamesque center entry with cornice, pilaster and
denticulated door surround; true divided light double hung windows; shallow and unarticulated roof/wall
junction, round or octagonal façade ornamentation; and delicate railings and ironwork.
The one-car garage and laboratory that Dr. Sugarbaker built behind the home was constructed in brick
with a gabled roof. Outside, features original to the period of significance abound. These include the boot
scraper behind the back door, the apple bin and outdoor fireplace. And there is a fallout shelter, which the
Sugarbakers installed during the Cold War. While fortunately never used for its original purpose, it
epitomizes an era.
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Statement of Significance
Summary
Orchard Acres, 2113 West Main Street, Jefferson City, Cole County Missouri is nationally significant
under National Register of Historic Places Criterion B: HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE: “Property
associated with the lives of persons significant in our past”; and locally significant under Criterion C:
ARCHITECTURAL SIGNIFICANCE: “Property embodies distinctive characteristics of a type or period.”
Built in 1939 by John Weber, owner of a local ice cream company, the 13.56-acre property includes a
broad front lawn, a 3,839-square foot Colonial Revival house, a laboratory/garage, and an orchard of
approximately 10 acres. Jefferson City does not have many Colonial Revival houses, and the house at
Orchard Acres is even more unusual because it is a Regency, a sub-set of the Colonial Revival style.
Dr. Everett Sugarbaker did pioneering cancer research in his home office and then performed
experiments in the laboratory/garage that he built outside the house. His children acted as his lab
assistants, and four of them became oncology surgeons and researchers, developing medical
techniques that have brought relief to countless cancer patients. After Dr. Sugarbaker retired, he and his
wife Geneva wrote An Atlas of Surgical Oncology: Fundamental Procedures, Volumes I and II, working
from the room that had served as a dining room when they were raising 10 children.(Figure 6)
Architecturally, the period of significance begins when the house was built in 1939. Its historical
significance dates from 1950, when the Sugarbakers bought Orchard Acres.
Narrative
As an unusual example of the Regency sub-set of Colonial Revival architecture, the property meets
Criterion C, Architectural Significance. Inspired by British more than American precedents, Regency
Colonial Revivals like the one at Orchard Acres are noted for refinement of detail and more delicate
design than their Colonial Revival cousins. As noted earlier, the Jefferson City Historic Preservation Plan
says there are few Colonial Revival homes in Jefferson City. An interview with a city staff member
confirms this. She describes Colonial Revivals as “not prevalent,” perhaps because of Jefferson City’s
traditional pattern of slow growth, exacerbated by the Great Depression and World War II.6
A Regency Colonial Revival – with its delicate detailing, elaborate stairway, railings and ironwork – is
even more unusual and not mentioned in the city’s historic preservation plan.7 Although not prevalent in
Jefferson City, several Colonial Revival examples can be found. However, these houses differ greatly
from the Regency sub-style seen at Orchard Acres. The examples include:
• Villa Panorama, 1310 Swifts Highway, built in 1907; (Figure 17)
• Grove House, 505 East State Street, built in 1912; (Figure 18)
• Zuendt (Johnson) House, 920 East Jefferson, built in 1913. (Figure 19)
These houses, listed individually on the National Register, all feature bulky Classical porches,
contrasting sharply from the more subtle Regency at Orchard Acres.
6 Senzee, Rachel. Email. July 7, 2020
7 City of Jefferson Historic Preservation Plan Appendix A: Jefferson City’s Architectural Styles.
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A later example of Colonial Revival is 1107 Moreau Drive, Jefferson City, MO 65101, built in 1937 within
the Moreau Drive Historic District. See News Tribune article about this home. (Figure 20) This house is
similar to the Orchard Acres home in that both have center pavilions, formal balance, paired decorative
windows flanking the entry, and decorative iron. The Moreau Drive house is a typical Colonial Revival;
Doric entry porch and deeper eaves are ubiquitous to traditional revivals of the 1920s and 1930s. In
contrast, with a broad, flat façade, shallow eaves, delicate articulation and sweeping curvature of the
stoop rail and bay roof, 2113 West Main (Orchard Acres) embodies the restraint of Regency Revival.
In addition to the home and lab, other structures behind the main house contribute to Orchard Acres’
historic integrity: A 1962 fallout shelter sits near the driveway and lab, complete with bunk beds, one light
fixture, and a stockpile of antibiotics in sealed brown medicine jars. The roughly 10-acre apple orchard in
the back of the home was manned many summers by prisoners from the Missouri State Penitentiary.
Orchard Acres and early life of Deborah Digges, (the sixth child) is the subject of her memoir, “Fugitive
Spring.” Digges was awarded the Kingsley Tufts Poetry Award in 1996.8
For Criterion B, the main focus of this nomination is Dr. Everett D. Sugarbaker, a pioneering cancer
surgeon who developed an important medical device and also wrote the book, An Atlas of Surgical
Oncology: Fundamental Procedures Volumes 1 and 2. Context is provided by the fact that Dr.
Sugarbaker and his wife, Geneva, had four sons who all became oncology surgeons and researchers
after being introduced to science in their boyhood home.
A day in the life of Dr. Sugarbaker
A typical day for Dr. Sugarbaker during his years in practice typically began and ended the same way.
Up at 6:00 a.m., Dr. Sugarbaker reviewed notes and patient files in his home office located off the
master bedroom. He could often be found referencing large medical texts and journals, many of which
still line the bookshelves. Making notes in the margins and on patient charts, he prepared for the day
ahead. His daughter, Rena, recalls her father leading the family in devotions every morning at 6:30
before leaving the home to make patient rounds at St. Mary’s Hospital in Jefferson City from 7:00 a.m.
until 9:00 a.m. From 9:00 a.m. until 1:00 p.m. he performed his surgeries at St. Mary’s. During his
surgical time, his head nurse at the Sugarbaker Tumor Clinic (503 E. High Street) would perform
radiation therapy on many of his cancer patients. Dr. Sugarbaker had one of the first radiation
machines in the area.
At 1:00 p.m., Dr. Sugarbaker made his way to the Clinic for his patient appointments. While patients
always had appointments, m any came early, and the line flowed out the door and into the street, all
waiting to see Dr. Sugarbaker. Around 3:00 p.m., one or more of Dr. Sugarbaker’s six daughters would
arrive after school to act as candy stripers until the Clinic closed at 6:00 p.m . From 6:00 p.m. until
roughly 7:00 p.m., Dr. Sugarbaker would record his patient notes by speaking into a Dictaphone that he
kept at the Clinic.
Dinner followed shortly after Dr. Sugarbaker’s return home, and then he would retire to his home office
once again to adjust patient files and research strategies. When it was time to turn in for the evening,
Dr. Sugarbaker would grab whatever textbooks detailed his surgeries for the following day and spent the
remainder of the evening going over the procedures he was set to perform. Many evenings, a child with
a question or a bad dream would enter Dr. and Mrs. Sugarbaker’s bedroom to find their mother asleep
and their father studying from a large surgical textbook next to her in the master bed.
8 nytimes.com/2009/04/17/arts/17digges.html
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On his days off, which included weekends and most Thursdays, Dr. Sugarbaker spent his time
compiling his research and performing scientific experiments. Most often, he could be found in his
home office. His daughters Rena and Geneva recall that weekends were spent doing three things:
going over the financials of the household at his desk overlooking the south lawn, researching new
medical techniques in his home office (and functional medical library), and performing medical and
scientific experiments in the lab/garage that he built behind the home. It was in this lab that he housed
colonies of rats and taught his children to care for them, inject them with certain tumors, and recorded
the outcomes for future use and medicinal purposes. His experiments, the breakthrough byproducts of
which are detailed further in this narrative, were performed on Thursdays, Saturdays, and after 12:00
p.m. on Sundays, as the family of twelve first attended the First Baptist Church of Jefferson City every
Sunday morning.
Nearing the end of his career, when all ten children had left the home, Dr. and Mrs. Sugarbaker worked
together to compose An Atlas of Surgical Oncology, a two-volume medical textbook still used and
referenced in medicine today. They pulled files and books from the home office and spread them out
over the countertops in the “New Room,” countertops which typically held feasts for a family of twelve.
Their daughter, Geneva, will never forget visiting home during this writing process and being amazed at
the amount of medical information covering their dining area, while her parents sat together writing.
Dr. Sugarbaker’s home office (Photo 16), located next to the master bedroom, is where he did his initial
research. The next step in the scientific process – experimentation – took place in the laboratory/garage
that he built in the back yard. His children – including the four future oncologists – acted as his
assistants. Based largely on what he learned at Orchard Acres, Dr. Sugarbaker then put that knowledge
to work, treating patients in an extant building at 503 East High Street in downtown Jefferson
City.(Figure 16) His home office is where he would spend countless hours, usually late at night, reading
medical books or examining blood and tissue samples. Most of the research for his books took place
here, as did research for “The Gadget,” a medical device he patented in the 1950s to help abdominal
surgery patients avoid the need for ostomy bags.
For context it should be noted that Mrs. Geneva Sugarbaker was a long-time member of the local
school board and the home was the site of meetings and luncheons during Geneva’s public-school
integration efforts, as well as community events, medical seminars and ladies’ teas.9 After Dr.
Sugarbaker retired, Geneva used her nursing background to help her husband write An Atlas of Surgical
Oncology: Fundamental Procedures, Volumes I and II, published in 1983.
9 Jefferson City Post Tribune. Sept. 20, 1955. Society Page 3.
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The following information showcases the impact of Dr. Everett D. Sugarbaker—Jefferson City’s first
cancer surgeon--and the importance of the property at 2113 W. Main, which remains today virtually
unchanged from its period of significance. The home was lived in by the Sugarbakers, a family of twelve
that pursued groundbreaking medical research, community outreach, missionary work, and the training of
future world-renowned surgical oncologists, educators, artists, and pioneers. Dr. Sugarbaker’s home office
on the second floor of the home still houses his medical bag along with many of his surgical instruments,
microscopes, search papers, medical mission records from his travels to Haiti and Bangladesh, patient
slides, and books. His research lab, used to study metastases in rats, was in the garage right next to the
home. The entire family participated in studies in the lab. Six of the ten children entered the medical field.
Although the children’s medical accomplishments did not take place at Orchard Acres, that is where they
were introduced to medical science and experimentation. Their father did background reading, research,
and writing in his home office—located adjacent to the master bedroom—and then—aided by his children-
- performed experimental research in the laboratory/garage outside the house. In retirement, Dr.
Sugarbaker, assisted by his wife, wrote An Atlas of Surgical Oncology: Fundamental Procedures from the
room that had previously served as the kitchen when the house was full of children.(Photos 10, 11)
This is the chain of logic: Orchard Acres was imbued with medical science since the father was a
physician and the mother a nurse. This led to the sons becoming physicians who were both practitioners
and researchers, just like their father, who son Dr. David Sugarbaker referred to as “purpose and focus
personified.”10 In his Presidential address to The American Association for Thoracic Surgery the son tells
what his father accomplished, which included inventing “The Gadget,” patented in 1953.(Figure 15) The
device spared anterior resection patients from permanent colostomies.11
Years later, David focused on mesothelioma which, at that time, had no acceptable treatments. Most
patients died within months of diagnosis. David invented treatments that have increased survival rates for
mesothelioma patients. A colleague stated: “Because of his tireless efforts, the mortality rates after
surgery for mesothelioma are now acceptable, similar to those associated with other major thoracic
procedures.12 His brother, who is still active, is Dr. Paul Sugarbaker. He has similarly increased survival
rates for cancer patients. David is deceased (2018), as are two of his brothers, Dr. Everett Van Dyke
Sugarbaker, (2006) who taught and practiced in south Florida for many years, and Dr. Stephen Phillip
Sugarbaker (2016), who reopened his father’s clinic in Jefferson City in 1994. Although they are gone, the
legacy of what they learned from the parents lives on, embodied by those who benefited from David’s
research on mesothelioma 13 and Everett’s patient treatment, as evidenced by the tributes of former
patients after his death. One simple example: “An extra 27 years added to my life thanks to this great man
and surgeon.”14
Finally, the Everett D. and Geneva V. Sugarbaker Foundation, a charitable foundation formed by Everett
and Geneva in 1997, began in the home and the first ten or so annual meetings of The Foundation were
held in the living room. The Foundation supports healthcare, education, and missions and “strives to
implement change for good in the United States and abroad, using the principles of giving, generosity and
stewardship. To this day, the ten Foundation trustees (six Sugarbaker children and four Sugarbaker
grandchildren) and their extended families gather annually at the home for the Foundation meeting.
10 Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sept. 2014, p. 768.
11 Ibid, pp. 769-770.
12 Cosselli, Joseph, MD. Tex Heart Inst J. 2019 Feb; 46(1): 1–2.
13 Texas Medical Center News https://www.tmc.edu/news/2015/02/david-j-sugarbaker-m-d/
14 www.legacy.com/obituries/name/everett-sugarbaker-obituary
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Everett D. Sugarbaker, a surgical oncologist, and Geneva V. Sugarbaker, a registered nurse, raised 10
children in their home at 2113 W. Main Street, Jefferson City, Missouri. Their four boys all followed in their
father’s footsteps, attending Cornell University Medical School and becoming surgical oncologists. The
boys have attributed this to their upbringing in the home, watching their father build his practice at the
nearby Sugarbaker Tumor Clinic(Figure 16, 503 E. High Street), and assisting in “the lab” that was located
in their garage. It was in this lab that the children helped their father perform medical experiments on
white Wistar Rats flown in from Boston.
The children helped their father study tumor biology on the rats as he sought cures and treatments for
cancer. The children eventually saw him publish his findings in Cancer, the most prestigious cancer
journal of the time. This article, entitled "The organ selectivity of experimentally induced metastases
in rats" was written by Dr. Sugarbaker in his home office at 2113 W. Main St. (where he kept his slides,
assumptions, and research findings), and has since been recognized as “one of the
foundational contributions to the understanding of metastatic disease.”15 Three of Everett’s sons (Everett,
David, and Stephen) have passed on, leaving behind a legacy of excellence and innovation. Each of them,
along with their father Everett, changed the face of medicine and significantly improved the outcomes for
patients diagnosed with some of the most difficult and painful cancers. Their individual legacies are
detailed in the following outline. Everett and Geneva’s remaining son, Paul H. Sugarbaker, is a leader in
peritoneal mesothelioma in Washington, D.C. He developed the Sugarbaker Procedure — a controversial
operation that is seen as the last hope for those suffering from advanced stages of some cancers.
Two of Everett and Geneva’s daughters also entered the medical field. Constance Moore is a registered
nurse and Elizabeth Akre is a pediatrician, both practicing in St. Louis, Missouri.
Finally, Deborah Digges was a poet, memoirist, and a long time Professor of English at Tufts University
in Massachusetts. Her work has been published in the New Yorker Magazine, The Atlantic Monthly,
American Poetry Review, Yale Review, and others. Her legacy is also detailed in the following outline.
In addition to their 10 children, Everett and Geneva had 30 grandchildren and 28 great- grandchildren.
Of their grandchildren, six are medical doctors or currently in medical school. The legacy of Dr. and Mrs.
Everett Sugarbaker lives on through their children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren all over the
world.
The following outline details the lives and careers of Everett D. and Geneva V. Sugarbaker, as well as the
lives of their children who are no longer with us (Everett, Deborah, David, and Stephen).
I. Everett Dornbush Sugarbaker, MD (12/4/1910 – 1/7/2001): Cancer Surgeon
1. Education 16
a. Pre-Med, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL (1931)
b. Medical School, Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY (1935)
2. Career 17
a. Intern - Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
b. Resident - Memorial Hospital, New York City, NY (1935 – 1939)
i. The first cancer hospital in the United States.
ii. Everett published many seminal papers.
15 The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, September 2014, 770. 16 News & Tribune obituaries. Everett D. Sugarbaker. 17 Ibid.
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iii. Everett, together with his fellow residents, founded the James Ewing Society
which later became the Society of Surgical Oncology.
c. Chief of Surgery - National Cancer Institute (NCI), Baltimore, MD
d. Chief of Staff & Chief of Surgery – Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hospital, Columbia, MO
(1942 – 1947)
i. “First surgical oncologist to practice west of the Mississippi…”18
ii. Together with his staff, Everett published over 100 papers over 10 years.
iii. Established a blood bank, built hospital teams and infrastructure.
e. Chief of Surgery - Sugarbaker Clinic for Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases, 503
E. High Street, Jefferson City, MO (1947 – 1983)19
i. Equipped clinic with its own radiation therapy machine, radiology
equipment, and minor surgery procedure rooms.
f. Dr. Sugarbaker was on call on a regular basis for the Missouri State Penitentiary
prisoners on Capitol Avenue.
3. Discoveries
a. The “Lab”20
i. Everett’s love of tumor biology and his quest for answers, particularly
regarding the mechanism behind metastatic spread of cancer, motivated
him to build a laboratory in the garage that was situation right next to the
family home at 2113 W. Main St., Jefferson City, MO.
ii. With the technical assistance of his sons and daughters, Everett maintained a
colony of white Wistar rats in the lab, which were regularly flown into Jefferson
City from the Charles River Laboratories in Boston, MA.
1. Based largely on research done in his home office, Everett developed
and maintained 3 experimental tumor lines by retransplanting the cells
every 2 weeks into fresh rats. He free-hand injected emulsified tumor
cells from 3 different tumor lines into the left ventricle of normal rats,
then carefully autopsied them and described the different metastatic
patterns.
2. He recorded the organ distribution of gross metastases found in 46
rats that underwent free-hand left ventricular puncture with emulsified
tumor cells and he established that each of these 3 tumors had a
distinct pattern of metastatic spread.
3. The paper entitled “The Organ Selectivity of Experimentally Induced
Metastases in Rats” was published in Cancer, the most prestigious
cancer journal of its time.21
a. This paper and his work, which established the so-called
“seed-soil theory of metastases,” is recognized as one of the
foundational contributions to the understanding of metastatic
18 Humphrey L. Quinine and Quarantine: Missouri Medicine Through the Years.
Columbia: University of Missouri Press. 2013:81:36-52.
19 Jefferson City – the Beginnings. P. 16. 20 Sugarbaker, David. Presidential Address to the American Association for Thoracic Surgery. 21 Sugarbaker, ED. The organ selectivity of experimentally induced metastases in rats, Cancer, 1952;5:606- 12.
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disease.
b. “The Gadget” – US patent issued in 1953 for rectocolic anastomosis instrument (by
using this “gadget,” Everett was able to save the lower sphincter in a large number
of patients and thus spare his patients from a permanent colostomy).22
i. Everett worked with a German machinist who had a one-man shop located
near the train station in Jefferson City, MO to develop the “gadget.”
ii. Instrument was commercialized by Sklar Surgical Instruments Company.
4. Recognitions and Memberships 23
a. Distinguished Service to Society Award, Wheaton College, 1960: “For outstanding
and distinguished service to mankind as a physician and surgeon, author and
Christian leader.”
b. Wheaton College Scholastic Honor Society
c. James Ewing Society
d. President of Missouri Division of American Cancer Society
e. Society of Surgical Oncology
f. Society of Head and Neck Surgeons
g. Founding member of the Everett D. and Geneva V. Sugarbaker Foundation
II. Geneva (Van Dyke) Sugarbaker, RN (10/27/1911 – 12/28/2015) – Nurse, community leader
a. Education 24
i. Bachelor of Science, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL (1933)
ii. Nursing Degree, Patterson General Hospital
b. Career 25
i. Nursing Teacher - Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City, NY
ii. Geneva was the mother of 10 children (born in the years 1940, 1941, 1943, 1945,
1948, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, and 1956). She went back to nursing in her
husband’s medical practice at the age of 60 once her children had been raised.
c. Community Service 26
i. Established the Peter Pan School for handicapped children, Jefferson City, MO
(currently the Special Learning Center) on the second floor of Everett’s clinic.27
ii. Organized a prison ministry at the State Women’s Prison in Tipton, MO for 5
years
1. Geneva brought her children along to her prison ministry. She had all of
22 Sugarbaker, David J. Presidential Address to the American Association for Thoracic Surgery. 23 Wheaton College Distinguished Service to Society Award for Everett D. Sugarbaker.
24 Geneva Van Dyke Sugarbaker obituary. News & Tribune.
https://www.newstribune.com/obits/2016/jan/03/geneva-
sugarbaker/41183/
25 Sugarbaker, Paul H. Tribute to Geneva Van Dyke Sugarbaker 26 Giffin, Jerena East. House on Hobo Hill. 1964. 27 “Private Group Begins Experiment in School for Mentally Retarded.” News and Tribune. Dec. 22, 1957. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/51808563/peter-pan-school-
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her older children cutting red roses in the spring from their yard so that
each mother at the prison could have a corsage on Mother’s Day.
iii. Jefferson City First Baptist Church – As a Sunday School teacher for 35 years,
Geneva taught both young teenage girls and adult women. She continued
teaching Sunday School well into her 90s.
iv. Geneva founded a home-missions project focusing on the care of needy “hill”
families in the hills above Jefferson City. The people knew the area as “goat hill.”
She regularly visited certain shacks and provided food and clothing, as there was
no welfare in those days in the Ozarks. Her children accompanied her often to
care for these poor families.
v. Geneva used the home at 2113 W. Main Street to take in missionary families
associated with Wheaton College over a 40-year period.
vi. Founding member of the Everett D. and Geneva V. Sugarbaker Foundation
d. Recognition and Memberships
i. Distinguished Service to Family Award, Wheaton College (1994)28
ii. President and Member of Jefferson City Board of Education (served for 16 years,
12 as President)
1. Led the Jefferson City Public School integration effort in the mid-1950s,
almost a decade before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Geneva went ahead
with an aggressive and complete integration effort, which was
successful.29
2. Gary Kremer, the Executive Director of the State Historical Society of
Missouri and noted Jefferson City historian, elaborated on the Sugarbaker
Family and Orchard Acres in a June 4, 2020 communication:
“Geneva Sugarbaker—she was a member of the Jefferson City school board
during the mid-1950s, when the decision to integrate the public schools was
made. My m entor, Dr. Lorenzo J. Greene, a Lincoln University professor,
was also the Chairman of the subcommittee on Education for the Missouri
Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights. In
1959 he authored a “Report to the United States Commission on Civil Rights
on Desegregation of Schools in Missouri by the Missouri Advisory
Committee.” In that report, and to me personally through the years, Dr.
Greene always sang the praises of Mrs. Sugarbaker. In his 1959 report,
Dr. Greene described a forum held at the Missouri Hotel in Jefferson City on
June 3, 1954, about two weeks after the Brown v. Board of
Education decision. Geneva Sugarbaker was chosen to participate in
this forum as a “representative [white] Missourian.” Here’s what Greene
quoted her as saying about Brown: “That decision was made years and years
ago, possibly back from time eternal by a Supreme God. All men are created
equal, and that is the only way I could feel about it. You might be interested
to know what my children’s reaction was to the Supreme Court’s decision.
They have been so very nonchalant about it, as if it should always have been
that way; because that was our teaching.” As an aside, Geneva Sugarbaker
seems always to have been in the forefront of progress. In 1956, she was
28 Newspaper article. News & Tribune. 29 Sugarbaker, Paul H. Tribute to Geneva Van Dyke Sugarbaker.
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one of 10 women in the country selected by the Federal Housing and Home
Finance Agency to act as a discussion leader at the Women’s Congress on
Housing, held in Washington, D.C., April 23-25, 1956. This meeting was held
to get women’s views about the “modern American home.” Geneva
Sugarbaker was widely known and just as widely admired!”
3. Penned the foreword to “The House on Hobo Hill, The History of the
Jefferson City Public Schools”30
iii. Jefferson City Parks and Recreation Commission
1. Geneva spoke at the Federal Conference on Housing for the United
States about the need for residential areas to have adequate parks and
churches (see Figure 1 from Life Magazine).31
2. Served on the Park Board for almost 20 years
iv. Geneva was appointed by the District Court Judge in Cole County to the Missouri
Department of Corrections Board of Visitors. This group discovered that juvenile
first-time offenders were jailed with hardened criminals and often suffered abuse
in the county jail. This was changed. She served on the board for more than a
decade in the 1970’s.
v. Helped establish a community shelter (The Juvenile Attention Center) for
troubled teens.
SUGARBAKER CHILDREN BIOGRAPHIES
1. Everett Van Dyke Sugarbaker, MD (8/6/1940 – 2/5/2006) – Graduated from Cornell
University Medical College in 1966. Commissioned officer with the United States Public
Health Service from 1968 – 1970. Founded the Miami Cancer Institute in 1980 and his own
private practice, Surgical Oncology Associates, Miami, FL. Frequent speaker on the subject
of breast cancer and melanoma at national meetings and the author of many articles.32
a. Everett performed surgery on head and neck, thoracic, gastrointestinal,
musculoskeletal, and dermatological cancer patients.
b. “Dr. Everett Van Dyke Sugarbaker was one of the most comprehensively trained cancer
surgeons of his generation. He was as technically accomplished as any cancer surgeon
can be.”33
c. Everett contributed to the advancement of medical care in Ipiales, Columbia. He traveled
there several times a year to help doctors treat cancer cases and to start cancer
programs. He also rebuilt hospitals and nursing homes in Armenia, Colombia following the
1999 earthquake.
d. For information on his impact on his patients, please see the attached “Guest Book for
Everett Van Dyke Sugarbaker.”34
2. Deborah Leah (Sugarbaker) Digges (2/6/1950 – 4/10/2009) – Poet and Memoirist –
Received Bachelor’s in English from the University of California, Riverside in 1975 and a
30 Giffen. Forward. 31 Magazine article. Life Magazine. 32 Obituary, Everett V. Sugarbaker. News & Tribune. 33 Ibid. 34 Legacy.com. Online guest book. https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/name/everett- sugarbaker-obituary?pid=16650307&page=7
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Master’s in English from the University of Missouri in 1982, as well as a Master of Fine Arts in
Poetry from the Iowa Writers’ Workshop in 1984. Authored four well-received poetry
collections and two equally well-received memoirs. Professor of English at Tufts University,
Medford, MA (1986 – 2009).35
a. Deborah’s poems were widely anthologized and appeared regularly in The New Yorker
and other publications.
b. In her work, “Fugitive Spring,” Deborah illuminated a middle American childhood that was
at once ordinary and out of the ordinary: she wrote of the convicts from the local jail who
joined them each fall to pick the apples in the orchard behind their house; her unease at
having to spend time at her father’s medical practice, at which the Sugarbaker children
were expected to help out…”36 “Poet Digges (Late in the Millennium) has had an
interesting upbringing, and here she chronicles it with humor and love. Raised on a
Missouri apple orchard, she was exposed to realities of life and death early on. Her father
was a doctor specializing in cancer, so contact with the terminally ill became an everyday
affair. She describes how he involved his children, letting them assist in his experiments
with rats and mice.”37
c. Honors: fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, the National Endowment for the
Arts, the Ingram Merrill Foundation, and the Kingsley Tufts Poetry Award, then $50,000, in
1996 for “Rough Music.”38
3. David John Sugarbaker, MD (8/5/1953 – 8/28/2018) – Bachelor of Science, Wheaton
College, Wheaton, IL (1975). Graduated at the top of his class in 1979 from Cornell University
Medical School.
a. Chief of Division of Thoracic Surgery at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, MA
for 27 years. Richard E. Wilson Chair Professor of Surgical Oncology at
Harvard Medical School.
b. Over the course of his career, Dr. Sugarbaker published over 300 scholarly
articles and authored Adult Chest Surgery, the definitive textbook in his field.39
C.Surgery (the first dedicated general surgery division in the United States), David met a
patient who had mesothelioma. At that time, there was no accepted treatment, and
nearly all patients died a few months after diagnosis. Dr. Sugarbaker redesigned the
risky operation for these patients, which had been essentially abandoned, and reported
improved outcomes in extrapleural pneumonectomy in 1992. 40
i. Dedicated 25 years to establishing the International Mesothelioma Program at
Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, MA, earning him the nickname “Mr.
Mesothelioma.”
ii. Because of his efforts, the mortality rates after surgery for mesothelioma are
now acceptable, similar to those associated with other major thoracic
35 Columbia Tribune. Obituaries. http://www.columbiatribune.com/article/20090424/News/304249611 36 “Deborah Digges, Poet Who Channeled Struggles, Dies at 59.” New York Times. April 17, 2009. 37 “Fugitive Spring: A Memoir.” Publishers Weekly. https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-394-57722-7 38 Ibid. New York Times, April 17, 2009. 39 Alfred Thomas obituary. https://www.bcm.edu/departments/surgery/news-events/sugarbaker-adult-chest- 40 In Memoriam: David J. Sugarbaker MD.
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procedures.
c. Discoveries and Accomplishments
i. Developed first general thoracic surgical training track in the U.S. in 1992, going
on to train over 80 residents and placing about 2/3 of his graduates into leading
academic positions.
ii. Founded and led the Surgery Committee for the National Cooperative
Clinical Trials Group, now the Alliance for Clinical Trials.
iii. Performed the first lung transplant and the first heart-lung transplant in
Massachusetts.
iv. Performed and led New England’s first triple organ transplant and the first
transplantation of four organs from a single donor.
v. In 2002, Dr. Sugarbaker founded the International Mesothelioma Program with
the central goal of finding a cure for the disease. His program attracted patients
from all over the world. He developed the techniques of cytoreductive surgery
and was the first to introduce the goal of macroscopic complete resection. He
also defined, perfected, and taught a new surgery known as the extra-pleural
pneumonectomy, which has subsequently been globally adopted 41
1. Received the Pioneer Award from Mesothelioma Applied
Research Foundation in 2012.
vi. In 2014, David founded Baylor College of Medicine Lung Institute, was the first
Chief of the new Division of General Thoracic Surgery in the Michael
DeBakey Department of Surgery and established the Mesothelioma
Treatment Center.
vii. Served as 94th president of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery and
served as Councilor, Treasurer, and President of the AATS Foundation.
1. Please see Dr. Sugarbaker’s Presidential Address 42 entitled
“Clarity of purpose, focused attention: The essence of
excellence.” In it, David tells the story of his father, describes
growing up in the home at 2113 W. Main Street, and
discusses how his home and family influenced his life and
career. 43
4. Stephen Phillip Sugarbaker, MD (3/13/1956 – 6/21/2016) – Bachelor of Science, Wheaton
College, Wheaton, IL. Graduated from Cornell University Medical College in 1978.
Completed surgical training at Kaiser Permanente in San Francisco and was an attending
surgeon and assistant professor of surgery at The University of Missouri in Columbia,
Missouri. Fellow and Member with the American College of Surgeons. In 1994, he fulfilled
his parents’ dream of re-opening his father’s Medical Practice in Jefferson City, Missouri.44
a. Dr. Sugarbaker published multiple articles in the area of nutrition and cancer
treatment.45
i. Evaluation of parenteral nutrition in the postoperative patient.
41 Ibid. Alfred Thomas obituary. 42 AATS Annual Meeting Presidential Address video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cpqghg2NFa0 43 Sugarbaker, David. Presidential Address. Ibid. 44 Stephen P. Sugarbaker Obituary. 45 Published articles, Stephen P. Sugarbaker. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3122335/
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ii. The role of the small intestine in ammonia production after gastric
blood administration.
iii. Characterization of in vivo suppression of syngenic tumor by
allogenic effector
Conclusion
In addition to being significant under Criterion B: Historical Significance—as the site of pioneering cancer
research and where another generation of oncologists were first exposed to medical research--Orchard
Acres is also significant under Criterion C, Architectural Significance. Built in 1930, an unusual example
of the Regency sub-set of Colonial Revival architecture, the main house meets Criterion C, as discussed
in the previous section of this nomination. As noted there, the Jefferson City Historic Preservation Plan
says there are few Colonial Revival homes in Jefferson. (Appendix A: Jefferson City’s Architectural
Styles) An interview with a city staff member confirms this. She describes Colonial Revivals as “not
prevalent,” perhaps because of Jefferson City’s traditional pattern of slow growth, exacerbated by the
Great Depression and World War II.46 As a Regency Colonial Revival—with its delicate detailing, railings
and ironwork—is even more unusual and not mentioned at all in the city’s historic preservation plan.
Even if the house were nondescript, the property would still merit National Register consideration because
of the people who lived there from 1950 to 1971. Geneva Sugarbaker, an early advocate for special
education and also a leader in school desegregation, passed away at age 104, following her husband,
who died in 2001 at age 91. The first surgical oncologist west of the Mississippi River, Dr. Sugarbaker was
a noted researcher, practitioner and author. Groundbreaking medical research, experiments, and writing
took place in the home and lab, making Orchard Acres significant for its strong associative value of a
medical pioneer who did much of his work there. Also, after being introduced to scientific research at
home, four sons became cancer surgeons, treating patients and making discoveries that benefit cancer
patients to this day. SECTION 8 BREAK
46 Senzee.
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Bibliography
Digges, Deborah S. Fugitive Spring: A Memoir. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 1992.
FARGO. http://www.sugarbakeroncology.com/FARGO
Giffin, Jerena East. The House on Hobo Hill: The History of the Jefferson City Public Schools. Jefferson
City, MO: Jefferson City Public Schools. 1964
Housewives on Housing. Life Magazine. June 4, 1956, 66.
Humphrey L. Quinine and Quarantine: Missouri Medicine Through the Years. Columbia: University of
Missouri Press. 2013:81:36-52.
Jefferson City Post Tribune. Sept. 20, 1955. Society Page 3.
Jefferson City – The Beginnings. P. 16.
Kremer, Gary R. Exploring Historic Jefferson City. Jefferson City: City of Jefferson. 2003.
Kremer, Gary R. , and Holland, Antonio F, Missouri’s Black Heritage. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri
Press, revised 1993.
Legacy.com Online guest book. https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/name/everett- sugarbaker-
obituary?pid=16650307&page=7
McAlester, Virginia & Lee. A Field Guide to American Houses. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 1995.
News & Tribune. Everett D. Sugarbaker obituary.
News & Tribune. Everett V. Sugarbaker obituary. Feb. 6, 2006.
News & Tribune. Geneva Van Dyke Sugarbaker obituary. Jan. 3, 2016.
Povack, Tim. “The Sugarbaker Family Tree.” Asbestos.com, website from The Mesothelioma Center.
2020.
“Private Group Begins Experiment in School for Mentally Retarded.” News and Tribune. Dec. 22, 1957. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/51808563/peter-pan-school-
Senzee, Rachel. Email. July 7, 2020.
Sugarbaker, David. Presidential Address to the American Association for Thoracic Surgery.
Sugarbaker, E.D. The organ selectivity of experimentally induced metastases in rats, Cancer, 1952;5:606-
12.
Sugarbaker, Paul H. Tribute to Geneva Van Dyke Sugarbaker.
Walsh, Mary Tudor. “Here’s Home to the Doctor.” Home Life—A Christian Family Magazine. pp. 16-19.
January 1953.
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Wheaton College Distinguished Service to Society Award for Everett D. Sugarbaker. END OF SECTION 9
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VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION
The legal description of the nominated property is described as LOTS 2-65 & SW PT LOT 1
BOUNDARY JUSTIFICATION
The nominated property boundaries reflect the historic boundaries of the property during the period of
significance.
End of section 10
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Figures
Figure 1: Google Contextual Map. Not to scale.
Orchard Acres
2113 W. Main St.
Jefferson City, MO
LAT: 38.591234
LONG: -92.207964
N
2113 W.
Main St.
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Figure 2: District Site Map, Latitude/Longitude Coordinates. Not to scale.
Northeast corner of property was subdivided before period of significance into single-family lots
of varying depths. Corners of these lots are represented in numbers 5-10, but not marked on map.
1. 38. 591994, -92.208549
2. 38.588948, -92.208636
3. 38.590609, 92.206480
4. 38.590592, -92.206480
5. 38.590651, -92.206619
6. 38.590877, -92.207081
7. 38.591045, -92.207016
8. 38.591087, -92.207091
9. 38.591196, -92.207102
10. 38.591246, -92.207295
11. 38.591632, -92.207263
N
Figure 3. Doctor's bag.
1
2
3
4
11
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Figure 4. Tissue and blood samples.
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Figure 5. Medical equipment.
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Figure 6. Cover of An Atlas of Surgical Oncology by Everett D. Sugarbaker, 1983.
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Figure 7. Assessor's Map. Site Map. Not to scale.
N
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Figure 8: Contributing resources, 2113 W. Main St., Jefferson City, MO. Source: Assessor’s map/on-site research. Not to scale.
N
Contributing (C):
House
Bomb Shelter
Apple cellar
Outdoor fireplace
Orchard
Garage / Lab
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Figure 10. First floor, Sugarbaker home. Source: Site visit. Note to scale.
2 2 3
4
5
6 6 7&8
23
1
22
Figure 9. Photo map. Numbered exterior photos. Not to scale.
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Figure 113. Second floor, Sugarbaker home. Source: Site visit. Note to scale.
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Figure 12. Third floor, Sugarbaker home. Source: Site visit. Not to scale.
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Figure 13. Orchard Acres sign on West Main Street
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Figure 14
. 1950s view of north façade with snow.
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N/
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Figure 15. Dr. Everett D. Sugarbaker’s patent for “The Gadget.”
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Figures Page 36
Orchard Acres
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Figures Page 37
Orchard Acres
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Figure 16. 503 E. High Street, Sugarbaker Tumor Clinic, formerly the Price-Bauer House.
Figure 17. Villa Panorama House, 1310 Swifts Highway, built in 1907.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Figures Page 38
Orchard Acres
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Figure 18. Grove House, 505 East State Street, built in 1912.
Figure 19. Zuendt (Johnson) House, 920 East Jefferson, built in 1913.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Figures Page 39
Orchard Acres
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Figure 20. 1107 Moreau Drive, built in 1937; within the Moreau Drive Historic
District.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number Figures Page 40
Orchard Acres
Name of Property
Cole County, Missouri
County and State
N/
Name of multiple listing (if applicable)
Demolition Clearance Application
410 Union Street
410 Union
410 Union
410 Union
410 Union
410 Union
410 Union
Historic Preservation Commission Meeting Date: February 9, 2021
Demolition Clearance Application for 410 Union Street
Motion: Approve the Demolition Clearance Application for 410 Union Street
Eligible
to Vote
AyeN ay A b s t a i n
Present Absent Commissioner
G r egory Bemboom
Donna Deetz, Chair
Steven Hoffman
Gail Jones
Tiffany Patterson
Alan Wheat, Vice Chair
Brad Schafer
Michael Berendzen
M a ry Schantz
Tie Votes: Chair Votes
I certify the foregoing is a correct record of the Commissioners’ presence and votes.
________________________________ ___________________________
Donna Deetz A t t e s t
C h a i r p e r s o n K a r l i e R e i n k e m e y e r
Demolition Clearance Application
308 Case Avenue
308 Case Avenue
308 Case Avenue
308 Case Avenue
308 Case Avenue
308 Case Avenue
308 Case Avenue
Historic Preservation Commission Meeting Date: February 9, 2021
308 Case Avenue
Motion: Approve the Demolition Clearance Application for 308 Case Avenue
Eligible
to Vote
Aye Nay Abstain
Present Absent Commissioner
Gregory Bemboom
Donna Deetz, Chair
Steven Hoffman
Gail Jones
Tiffany Patterson
Alan Wheat, Vice Chair
Brad Schafer
Michael Berendzen
Mary Schantz
Tie Votes: Chair Votes
I certify the foregoing is a correct record of the Commissioners’ presence and votes.
________________________________ ___________________________
Donna Deetz A t t e s t
C h a i r p e r s o n K a r l i e R e i n kemeyer
Demolition Review Application
413 Case Avenue
413 Case Avenue
413 Case
413 Case
413 Case
413 Case
413 Case
Historic Preservation Commission Meeting Date: February 9, 2021
Demolition Clearance Application for 413 Case Street
Motion: Approve the Demolition Clearance Application for 413 Case Avenue
Eligible
to Vote
AyeN ay A b s t a i n
Present Absent Commissioner
G r egory Bemboom
Donna Deetz, Chair
Steven Hoffman
Gail Jones
Tiffany Patterson
Alan Wheat, Vice Chair
Brad Schafer
Michael Berendzen
M a ry Schantz
Tie Votes: Chair Votes
I certify the foregoing is a correct record of the Commissioners’ presence and votes.
________________________________ ___________________________
Donna Deetz A t t e s t
C h a i r p e r s o n K a r l i e R e i n k e m e y e r
New Business
Section 106 Review
627 Georgia Street
627 Georgia
Historic Preservation Commission Meeting Date: February 9, 2021
Section 106 Review – 627 Georgia Street
Motion: Adequate documentation has been provided. There will be “no historic properties affected” by
the current project and is approved by this commission.
Eligible
to Vote
Aye Nay Abstain
Commissioner
Present Absent
Gregory Bemboom
Donna Deetz, Chair
Michael Berendzen
Steven Hoffman
Gail Jones
Brad Schafer
Mary Schantz
Alan Wheat, Vice Chair
Tiffany Patterson
Tie Votes: Chair Votes
I certify the foregoing is a correct record of the Commissioners’ presence and votes.
________________________________ ___________________________
Donna Deetz A t t e s t
C h a i r p e r s o n K a r l i e R e i n kemeyer