HomeMy Public PortalAbout4j-HazardsNOVEMBER 2008 TRUCKEE RAILYARDS DRAFT MASTER PLAN EIR
IV. SETTING, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
J. HAZARDS AND PUBLIC SAFETY
C:\JOB\RRM\Truckee\PublicReviewDraft_Oct08\4j-Hazards.doc (11/3/2008) 351
J. HAZARDS AND PUBLIC SAFETY
This section evaluates the hazards and public safety issues associated with the Railyard
Master Plan Project (project). It describes the setting for hazardous materials, hazardous
waste, and other hazards-related topics, including hazards associated with airport
operations and wildfires. It discusses policies relevant to these hazards, evaluates potential
impacts resulting from implementation of the Draft Master Plan, and identifies mitigation
measures to reduce the significance of potential impacts, as appropriate. The section also
addresses emergency response and evacuation issues for the Master Plan Area. Potential
hazards associated with pedestrian safety, particularly at railroad track crossings, are
described and discussed in Section IV.C, Transportation, Circulation and Parking.
1. Setting
The setting for hazards and public safety includes the following topics: regulatory
framework; physical setting with regard to known hazardous waste release sites within the
Master Plan Area, airport operations, wildfires, and emergency response and evacuation
plans; and goals, policies and programs in the Town of Truckee General Plan.
a. Regulatory Framework. The following section describes the regulatory framework
that affects the management of hazardous materials and hazardous waste (including site
investigation and remediation), lead and asbestos abatement, and the handling of other
hazardous building materials.
(1) Hazardous Waste Regulations. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U.S. EPA) defines a “hazardous” waste as one “which because of its quantity,
concentrations, or physiochemical or infectious properties, may either increase mortality or
produce irreversible or incapacitating illness, or pose a substantial present or potential
hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported,
disposed of, or otherwise managed.” Materials and wastes that exhibit hazardous properties
require special handling and management. Their treatment, storage, transport and disposal
are highly regulated by the federal, State and local governments. Compliance with federal
and State hazardous materials laws and regulations minimizes the risk to the public
presented by these potential hazards.
The investigation and cleanup of hazardous materials or wastes that have been released to
the environment are regulated by several State and federal laws (e.g., Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) and the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)). In California, the U.S. EPA has granted most
enforcement authority over federal hazardous materials and hazardous waste regulations to
the California Environmental Protection Agency’s (Cal/EPA) offices, boards, and depart-
ments. The Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) and California Regional Water
TRUCKEE RAILYARDS DRAFT MASTER PLAN EIR NOVEMBER 2008
IV. SETTING, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
J. HAZARDS AND PUBLIC SAFETY
352 C:\JOB\RRM\Truckee\PublicReviewDraft_Oct08\4j-Hazards.doc (11/3/2008)
Quality Control Board, Lahontan Region (Water Board) provide oversight on investigation
and remediation of sites affected by hazardous materials releases in Truckee. Oversight may
also be provided on the County level by the Nevada County Department of Environmental
Health.
The federal hazardous waste laws, generally known as RCRA, provide for the “cradle to
grave” regulation of hazardous materials and wastes. Any business, institution or other
entity that generates hazardous waste is required to identify and track its hazardous waste
from the point of generation until it is recycled, reused or disposed. The DTSC is the State
agency responsible for implementing RCRA. The DTSC also implements and enforces
California’s hazardous waste laws, which are known collectively as the Hazardous Waste
Control Law. The California Hazardous Waste Control Law and its associated regulations are
similar to RCRA but regulate a larger number of chemicals because the California law
defines hazardous waste more broadly. Hazardous wastes regulated by California but not by
the U.S. EPA are called non-RCRA hazardous wastes.
Information about hazardous waste sites is maintained in government agency lists, files,
and databases. The lists identify sites with leaking underground fuel tanks, hazardous
waste facilities subject to corrective actions, solid waste disposal facilities from which there
is a known migration of hazardous waste, and other sites where environmental releases
have occurred. The lists are sometimes referred to collectively as the Cortese list. Pursuant
to Government Code §65962.5, before a local agency accepts an application as complete
for any development project, the applicant must certify whether or not the Plan Area is on
the compiled lists.
(2) Hazardous Materials Management. Several local, State, and federal require-
ments pertain to hazardous materials management, including use, storage, disposal, and
training of workers handling hazardous materials. Generally, State requirements mirror
federal requirements. In some cases they are more stringent. State requirements, which can
be implemented through the adoption of local ordinances, are often enforced by the local
administering agency, such as the fire department or county environmental health
department.
There are specific requirements for storage of hazardous materials in excess of threshold
limits. For example, the State Office of Emergency Services requires a Hazardous Materials
Business Plan (Business Plan)1 for storage of quantities of hazardous materials equal to or
greater than 55 gallons of liquid hazardous materials (including hazardous wastes), 500
pounds of solids, or 200 cubic feet of compressed gases. A Business Plan is required to
contain facility maps, up-to-date inventories of all hazardous materials equal to or above the
threshold limits stated above, emergency response procedures, equipment, and an
1 California Health and Safety Code, Chapter 6.95, Section 25500 et seq; 19 CCR 2620 et seq.
NOVEMBER 2008 TRUCKEE RAILYARDS DRAFT MASTER PLAN EIR
IV. SETTING, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
J. HAZARDS AND PUBLIC SAFETY
C:\JOB\RRM\Truckee\PublicReviewDraft_Oct08\4j-Hazards.doc (11/3/2008) 353
employee training program. In Truckee, the requirements for Business Plans are
administered by Nevada County Department of Environmental Health.
Businesses that generate hazardous waste (e.g., waste oil, waste antifreeze) are subject to
Business Plan and Contingency Plan requirements if these wastes are generated in
quantities equal to or greater than the threshold requirements outlined above. Contingency
Plan2 requirements include identification of an emergency coordinator, identification and
location of emergency response equipment, and reporting procedures in the event of a spill
or other emergency. Hazardous wastes must be properly packaged, stored, manifested, and
disposed of at a permitted off-site facility in accordance with local, State, and federal
requirements; generators of hazardous wastes must be registered by the U.S. EPA.3
Requirements for hazardous waste management are regulated by DTSC and the U.S. EPA.
(3) Lead, Asbestos and Other Hazardous Building Materials. The Master Plan Area
contains several older buildings, some of which would be demolished as the Master Plan
Area is developed. Prior to 1978, lead compounds were commonly used in interior and
exterior paints. Prior to the 1980s, building materials often contained asbestos fibers, which
were used to provide strength and fire resistance to the materials. If maintained in good
condition, lead-based paint and asbestos-containing materials are not expected to present a
health risk; however, demolition or renovation of buildings containing these materials has
the potential to release lead particles and/or asbestos fibers to the air, where they may be
inhaled by construction workers and the general public. In addition, other common items,
such as electrical transformers, fluorescent lighting, electrical switches, heating and cooling
equipment, and thermostats can contain hazardous materials, which may pose a risk if not
handled and disposed of properly.
Lead is suspected to cause cancer and birth defects. Asbestos is known to cause cancer.
Federal, State, and local requirements govern the abatement requirements for lead based
paint and removal of asbestos or suspected asbestos containing materials (ACM), including
special construction worker health and safety standards for sites where lead and/or
asbestos may be present. The U.S. EPA and DTSC require that lead-based paint with lead
concentrations equal to or greater than the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD) definition of lead-based paints (greater or equal to 1 mg/cm2 or 0.5
percent lead by weight) be removed prior to demolition if the paint is loose and peeling. If
the paint is securely adhering to the substrate, the entire material may be disposed of as
demolition debris, which is a non-hazardous waste. Loose and peeling paint must be
disposed of as a State and/or federal hazardous waste, if the concentration of lead exceeds
applicable waste thresholds. Hazardous wastes must be managed, labeled, transported, and
disposed of in accordance with local requirements by trained workers, as described above.
2 Title 22, California Code of Regulations (CCR) Section 66265.50-66265.56.
3 Title 22, CCR; 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).
TRUCKEE RAILYARDS DRAFT MASTER PLAN EIR NOVEMBER 2008
IV. SETTING, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
J. HAZARDS AND PUBLIC SAFETY
354 C:\JOB\RRM\Truckee\PublicReviewDraft_Oct08\4j-Hazards.doc (11/3/2008)
State and federal construction worker health and safety regulations require air monitoring
and other protective measures during demolition or renovation activities where lead-based
paint is present.
Removal of asbestos or suspect ACM, including removal as part of building demolition, is
regulated by the U.S. EPA, federal and State Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA), DTSC, and the Northern Sierra Air Quality Management District (NSAQMD). All
friable (crushable by hand) ACM, or non-friable ACM subject to damage, must be abated
prior to demolition in accordance with applicable requirements. Friable ACM must be dis-
posed of as an asbestos waste at an approved facility. Non-friable ACM may be disposed of
as a non-hazardous waste at landfills that accept such wastes. Workers conducting asbestos
abatement must be trained in accordance with State and federal OSHA requirements.
Fluorescent lighting tubes and ballast, computer displays, and several other common items
containing hazardous materials are regulated as “universal wastes” by the State. Universal
waste regulations allow common, low-hazard wastes to be managed under less stringent
requirements than other hazardous wastes. Management of other hazardous wastes is
governed by DTSC hazardous waste rules.
b. Historic Environmental Releases. The setting for known historic releases of
hazardous materials or hazardous wastes is based on site-specific investigations and
reports for the properties within the Master Plan Area and the results of a search of State
databases that comprise the Cortese list.4 Databases on the Cal/EPA website
(www.calepa.ca.gov/SiteCleanup/CorteseList/default.htm) were reviewed to determine
whether properties within the Master Plan Area are identified on any list of hazardous
materials release sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5. Properties
within ½ mile of the Master Plan Area are listed in Table IV.J-1; those within the Master Plan
Area are shown in boldface type in the table. Three of these, Berry-Hinckley Industries
Cardlock, Cal Nevada Tire, and Holliday Development, are described in greater detail later in
this section along with an investigation of soil and groundwater inside the Balloon Track,
which is not listed in the regulatory agency databases.5 In general, the listed sites have
historically used underground storage tanks (USTs) to store fuel or other materials and
some of these tanks have leaked. The reported leaking USTs have been investigated by
4 State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) Geotracker Database (geotracker.swrcb.ca.gov
accessed February 6, 2008; the Geotracker site includes: leaking UST, registered UST, and sites within
the spills, leaks and investigation cleanups program (SLIC). Solid waste disposal sites identified by the
SWRCB with waste constituents above hazardous waste levels outside the waste management unit.
Active Cleanup and Abatement Orders from the SWRCB. DTSC Hazardous Waste and Substance Site
List (www.envirostro.dtsc.ca.gov); includes Federal Superfund National Priority List (NPL) sites, State
response sites, voluntary cleanup sites, and school cleanup sites. Hazardous waste facilities subject to
corrective action pursuant to Section 25187.5 of the Health and Safety Code, identified by DTSC.
5 Broadbent & Associates, Inc., 2007a. Investigation Report, Targeted Investigation Inside
Balloon Track UPRR Truckee Railyard, Truckee, California. January
NOVEMBER 2008 TRUCKEE RAILYARDS DRAFT MASTER PLAN EIR
IV. SETTING, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
J. HAZARDS AND PUBLIC SAFETY
C:\JOB\RRM\Truckee\PublicReviewDraft_Oct08\4j-Hazards.doc (11/3/2008) 355
regulatory agencies and most are being remediated. The current status of each active site as
described by documents available on the Cal/EPA website is included in Table IV.J-1.
Environmental releases at facilities outside of the Master Plan Area could be carried on site
by groundwater or surface water flows. Based on local topography and information
contained in groundwater monitoring reports for the sites located about ¼-mile west of the
Master Plan Area on West River Road and Donner Pass Road, groundwater and surface water
flow direction is generally to the south, toward the Truckee River although there is a
southeasterly component of the flow at some sites.6,7,8 While the southeasterly component of
the groundwater flow could carry the contaminants toward the Master Plan Area,
groundwater investigations at the sites indicate that it is unlikely that contaminants would
migrate as far as the Master Plan Area. The investigations have defined the extent of the
contamination, which appears to be restricted to well-defined plumes beneath the
properties where the releases occurred and/or adjoining properties. Water samples
collected from monitoring wells installed between the sites and the Master Plan Area have
contained either very low or non-detectable concentrations of contaminants.
Berry-Hinckley Industries Cardlock and Holliday Development. Starting in 2005, a
series of studies has been performed within the western portion of the Master Plan Area to
assess possible soil and groundwater contamination associated with historical uses in the
area.9,10 ,11 ,12 The area is occupied by Union Pacific railroad operations, Truckee River Glass
Company, Inc., Berry-Hinckley Industries cardlock facility, and a loading area for the Truckee
Tahoe Lumber Company. Past uses of the site have reportedly included automobile repair,
6 Geocon Consultants, 2007. Soil Vapor Survey, Risk Assessment and Closure Request Report,
Former Nevada County Department of Transportation and Sanitation Maintenance Yard, Truckee,
California, prepared for the Town of Truckee. January.
7 Conestoga-Rovers, 2007. Third Quarter 2007 Site Status Report, Truckee Chevron-Union
Pacific-Texaco Commingled Plume and Berry-Hinckley Bulk Terminal, Donner Pass Road and West
River Road, Truckee, California. October 22.
8 McGinley & Associates, 2007b. Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation Report – Third
Quarter 2007, Former Pat and Ollies Downtown Station, 10145 Donner Pass Road, Truckee California.
October.
9 Broadbent & Associates, Inc., 2007b. Investigation Report, Targeted Investigation Inside
Theater Block UPRR Truckee Railyard, Truckee, California. February.
10 McGinley & Associates, 2007c. Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation Report – Third
Quarter 2007, Former BHI Store #545, 10161 Church Street, Truckee, California. November.
11 McGinley & Associates, 2006. Results of Vapor Sampling: Berry-Hinckley Industries, Store
No. 545, 10161 Church Street, Truckee, California. December 29.
12 McGinley & Associates, 2007a. Addendum to Results of Vapor Sampling: Berry-Hinckley
Industries, Store No. 545, 10161 Church Street, Truckee, California. January 22.
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IV. SETTING, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
J. HAZARDS AND PUBLIC SAFETY
C:\JOB\RRM\Truckee\PublicReviewDraft_Oct08\4j-Hazards.doc (11/3/2008) 359
railroad operations, warehousing, and fuel dispensing. For purposes of investigation and
discussion the area has been divided into the Theater Parcel and the Hotel Parcel, which are
descriptive of future uses that could be developed under the Draft Master Plan (see Figure
IV.J-1).13 The Theater Parcel encompasses the Berry-Hinckley Industries cardlock facility,
which is underlain by groundwater contaminated by fuels released from USTs. Removal of
the contaminants from groundwater by a treatment system is ongoing. Using the data
collected from the site investigations, human health risk assessments have been prepared
for the parcels.14 ,15
The risk assessment for the Theater Block Site evaluated the health risks for construction
workers and future utility workers who might contact contaminated subsurface soil. For
these receptors, the risk assessment considered possible exposure to contaminated soil via
incidental ingestion, contact with skin, and inhalation of dust. The assessment also
considered potential risks for future occupants of the building(s) that would be constructed
in the Theater Block. Because the entire site would be covered by buildings, sidewalks, and
streets, there would be no direct contact with contaminated soil, but the risk assessment
considered that vapors of volatile chemicals in the soil and groundwater beneath the site
could enter the building(s) and be inhaled by the building occupants. The risk assessment
considered that the building occupants might be residents, commercial workers, or
occasional visitors. It concluded that the risks for all receptors are at or below the level
generally considered acceptable for non-cancer health hazards. The estimated theoretical
lifetime excess cancer risks were in the lower end of the generally acceptable risk range of
one-in-a-million to one-in-ten-thousand (namely, 10-6 to 10-4).
The risk assessment for the Hotel Parcel evaluated the health risks for construction workers,
future utility workers, future landscape workers, and future park (open space) visitors who
might contact contaminated subsurface soil. For these receptors, the risk assessment
considered possible exposure to contaminated soil via incidental ingestion, contact with
skin, and inhalation of dust. The assessment also considered potential risks for future
occupants of the hotel facility that would be constructed in the Hotel Parcel. Because the
entire site would be covered by the building and concrete or asphalt paving there would be
no direct contact with contaminated soil, but the risk assessment considered that vapors of
volatile chemicals in the soil and groundwater beneath the site could enter the building(s)
and be inhaled by the building occupants. The risk assessment considered that the building
occupants might be hotel workers or visitors. It concluded that the risks for all receptors are
at or below the level generally considered acceptable for non-cancer health hazards. The
13 Town of Truckee, 2007. Truckee Railyard Draft Master Plan, Public Review Draft.
November 1.
14 Exponent, 2007. Human Health Risk Assessment, Theater Block Site, Truckee, California.
March.
15 Exponent, 2008. Human Health Risk Assessment, Hotel Parcel, Truckee, California. January.
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NOVEMBER 2008 TRUCKEE RAILYARDS DRAFT MASTER PLAN EIR
IV. SETTING, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
J. HAZARDS AND PUBLIC SAFETY
C:\JOB\RRM\Truckee\PublicReviewDraft_Oct08\4j-Hazards.doc (11/3/2008) 361
estimated theoretical lifetime excess cancer risks were in the lower end of the generally
acceptable risk range of one-in-a-million to one-in-ten-thousand.
(1) Balloon Track Site. The Balloon Track site is the currently vacant area
circumscribed by the existing railroad balloon track (see Figure IV.J-1). Historically, the site
supported railroad operations from the late 1800s to approximately the mid-1950s.16 After
that time, most of the site was leased to sawmill operations. Sawmill operations ceased in
1989 and structures on the site were removed in 1990. Other operations on the site have
included a locomotive turntable, engine house, oil storage areas and conveyance piping,
boiler house, repair shop, mills, log ponds/decks and kilns. Soil samples have been
collected from the area and analyzed for various chemicals that may have been used or
generated by former activities on the site, including metals, diesel- and oil-range petroleum
hydrocarbons, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), semivolatile organic
compounds, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Groundwater samples were
collected from borings or from monitoring wells and analyzed for diesel- and oil-range
petroleum hydrocarbons, volatile and semivolatile organic compounds and PAHs.
The soil analytical results were compared to U.S. EPA soil screening levels for residential and
commercial land uses and against ambient background concentrations. For most
compounds, concentrations were less than the screening levels and/or background
concentrations. However, some soil samples from a few areas of the site contained
concentrations of diesel- and oil-range petroleum hydrocarbons, PCBs, and some metals
that exceed the screening criteria. The groundwater analytical results were compared to the
Water Board’s water quality objectives. Detected chemicals in groundwater were less than
screening levels. The soil and groundwater site investigation report concludes that,
depending on future site development plans, additional soil samples may be collected in
some areas in order to support site development decisions.
(2) Cal Nevada Tire. This site is currently occupied by a service station and mini-
market; it was formerly operated by Cal Nevada Tire and by Texaco.17 Fuel products were
released from an UST and have contaminated soil and groundwater at the site. Some of the
fuel products are volatile and a remediation system has recently been proposed to remove
these chemicals from soil vapor as part of the clean-up activities at the site.18 This site is
located on the southeast corner of the intersection of Brockway Road and Donner Pass
Road. It is within the area designated “Downtown Railroad” in the Draft Master Plan.
16 Broadbent & Associates, Inc., 2007a, op. cit.
17 Environmental Control Associates, Inc., 2007a. April 2007 Groundwater Monitoring Report.
August 2.
18 Environmental Control Associates, Inc., 2007b. Soil Vapor Extraction Pilot Test Work Plan,
Former Cal Nevada Tire UST Site. December 6.
TRUCKEE RAILYARDS DRAFT MASTER PLAN EIR NOVEMBER 2008
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J. HAZARDS AND PUBLIC SAFETY
362 C:\JOB\RRM\Truckee\PublicReviewDraft_Oct08\4j-Hazards.doc (11/3/2008)
c. Emergency Response and Evacuation Plans. The Town of Truckee is currently
drafting an Emergency Operations Plan (EOP), which identifies the Town’s emergency
planning, organization, and response policies and procedures. It is intended to ensure that
Town government can continue to function in the event of a disaster. The EOP addresses
how the Town will respond to extraordinary events or disasters, from preparation through
recovery, and identifies the responsibility of each department based on each identified
hazard or threat. It identifies major arterials that would serve as principal routes for
evacuating people from the disaster zone. These arterials would also serve as routes for
moving emergency equipment and supplies. Major identified arterials that serve the Master
Plan Area include Donner Pass Road (east and west), West River Street, Brockway road, and
Highway 267.
d. Wildland and Urban Fire Hazards. The entire Truckee area is considered to be in a
high fire hazard severity zone as defined by the California Department of Forestry (CDF).
Risks are particularly pronounced in certain parts of the community where homes are
located within areas of dense vegetation and forest land and where steep slopes and other
similar conditions exist. Calculation of threat from wildfire hazard is based on a number of
combining factors including fuel loading (vegetation), topography, and climatic conditions
such as winds, humidity and temperature. Much of the Master Plan Area is rated high to very
high with regard to the potential threat of wildland fires.19
The Truckee Fire Protection District was an active participant in the development of the
Nevada County Fire Plan, the current version of which was accepted by the Nevada County
Board of Supervisors in May 2005.20 The Fire Plan has recently undergone revision and was
recommended by the Fire Plan Committee for adoption by the Board of Supervisors in
December 2007.21 The Fire Plan includes an extensive series of recommendations aimed at
reducing wildland fire risk in the county, including fuel management and defensible space
enforcement strategies, public education, infrastructure improvements to increase fire-
fighting capacity, and coordination with local fire agencies to ensure consistent and
effective wildland fire mitigation efforts.
e. Airport Safety. The Town of Truckee lies within the planning area for the Truckee-
Tahoe Airport, which is located about 1 mile southeast of the Master Plan Area.
Development within the airport’s planning area is subject to the requirements of the
19 California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, 2007. Draft Fire Hazard Severity
Zones in Local Responsibility Areas. September 27.
20 Nevada County, 2004. The Nevada County Fire Plan, A Framework for Reducing Threats to
Public Safety and Reducing Costs and Losses as a Result of Wildfire in Nevada County, prepared by the
Nevada County Fire Plan Committee. August.
21 Nevada County, 2007 The Nevada County Fire Plan, A Framework for Reducing Threats to
Public Safety and Reducing Costs and Losses as a Result of Wildfire in Nevada County, prepared by the
Nevada County Fire Plan Committee. December 21.
NOVEMBER 2008 TRUCKEE RAILYARDS DRAFT MASTER PLAN EIR
IV. SETTING, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
J. HAZARDS AND PUBLIC SAFETY
C:\JOB\RRM\Truckee\PublicReviewDraft_Oct08\4j-Hazards.doc (11/3/2008) 363
Truckee-Tahoe Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan, which was adopted by the Foothill
Airport Land Use Commission in December 2004.22 This Comprehensive Land Use Plan
(CLUP) describes a series of land use safety and compatibility zones and associated
guidelines for development around the Truckee-Tahoe Airport that are intended to
safeguard against incompatible development adjacent to the airport.
The eastern one-third of the Master Plan Area is within the CLUP’s Compatibility Zone C
(Extended Approach/Departure Zone) and the western portion is within Zone D (Primary
Traffic Patterns). The zones place various restrictions on development densities and
intensities, building heights, and the types of uses allowed within the zones (Table IV.J-2).
The Master Plan Area within Zone D is subject to several site-specific exceptions to the Zone
D restrictions that are associated with the Central Truckee Redevelopment Area. The
exceptions allow greater density and intensity of development and buildings with no more
than three aboveground habitable floors that, to the extent feasible, incorporate design
features to help protect the building occupants in the event of a small-aircraft crash.
Examples of such features include concrete construction, upgrading the strength of the
building roof, an enhanced fire sprinkler system, and an increased number of emergency
exits.
f. Town of Truckee General Plan. Applicable goals, policies, and programs related to
hazardous materials management, groundwater and surface water contamination, fire
hazards, emergency response and other safety hazards from the Town of Truckee General
Plan are presented below.
Safety Goal 4: Protect lives and property from risks associated with wildland and urban fire.
Policies
4.1: Continue to cooperate with the Truckee Fire Protection District (TFPD), the California
Department of Forestry, and the U.S. Forest Service in creating and promoting fire prevention
education programs.
4.2: Continue to cooperate with the Fire Protection District to implement fire safety ordinances
to minimize wildland fire hazards, including incorporation of fire resistant building and roofing
materials, and attainment and maintenance of “defensible space.” Defensible space may include
revegetation with less flammable species, such as fire resistant native and adapted species, and
the use of mulch to prevent erosion on bare soil.
4.3: Promote fire hazard reduction through cooperative fuel management activities in
association with the Truckee Fire Protection District, the California Department of Forestry and
the U.S. Forest Service. Such strategies may include identifying and implementing opportunities
for fuel breaks in very high fire hazard severity zones, and ensuring that fire breaks are
provided where necessary and appropriate.
22 Foothill Airport Land Use Commission, 2004. Truckee Tahoe Airport Land Use Compatibility
Plan. Pared by Mead & Hunt, adopted December 2, 2004.
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NOVEMBER 2008 TRUCKEE RAILYARDS DRAFT MASTER PLAN EIR
IV. SETTING, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
J. HAZARDS AND PUBLIC SAFETY
C:\JOB\RRM\Truckee\PublicReviewDraft_Oct08\4j-Hazards.doc (11/3/2008) 365
4.4: Require new development to incorporate adequate emergency water flow, emergency
vehicle access and evacuation routes.
4.5: Continue to support the mitigation fee program for the Fire Protection District, to ensure
that the District is able to meet the future fire protection needs of the community as it grows.
4.6: Support, as appropriate, efforts to implement the recommendations of the 2005 Nevada
County Fire Plan, and programs of Fire Safe Nevada County.
4.7: Ensure that the development review process addresses wildland fire risk, including
assessment of both construction- and project-related fire risks particularly in areas of the Town
most susceptible to fire hazards. Cooperate with the TFPD in reviewing fire safety plans and
provisions in new development, including aspects such as emergency access, site design for
maintenance of defensible space, and use of non-combustible materials.
Safety Goal 5: Protect the community from the harmful effects of hazardous materials
Policies
5.1: Continue to coordinate with the Nevada County Environmental Health Department in the
review of all projects which require the use, storage or transport of hazardous waste to ensure
necessary measures are taken to protect public health and safety.
5.2: Continue to cooperate with Tahoe Truckee Sierra Disposal to facilitate opportunities for
safe disposal of household hazardous waste.
5.3: Support efforts to identify and remediate soils and groundwater contaminated with toxic
materials, and to identify and eliminate sources contributing to such contamination.
Safety Goal 6: Minimize risks associated with operations at the Truckee-Tahoe Airport.
Policies
6.1: Maintain land use and development patterns in the vicinity of the Truckee-Tahoe Airport
that are consistent with the adopted Comprehensive Airport Land Use Plan, including setbacks
and height requirements.
Safety Goal 7: Prepare Truckee residents to respond to emergency situations.
Policies
7.1: Work with Caltrans to coordinate establishment of appropriate emergency access routes
through the Town when closure of Interstate 80 is necessitated by weather-related or other
emergencies.
7.2: Support the efforts of the Department of Homeland Security, Truckee Fire Protection
District, Nevada County Office of Emergency Services, and other agencies to educate the public
about emergency preparedness and response.
2. Relevant Railyard Draft Master Plan Policies
The Draft Master Plan does not include specific polices related to hazards and public safety.
TRUCKEE RAILYARDS DRAFT MASTER PLAN EIR NOVEMBER 2008
IV. SETTING, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
J. HAZARDS AND PUBLIC SAFETY
366 C:\JOB\RRM\Truckee\PublicReviewDraft_Oct08\4j-Hazards.doc (11/3/2008)
3. Impacts and Mitigation Measures
This section analyzes the impacts related to hazards that could result from implementation
of the Draft Master Plan. The section begins with criteria of significance, which establish the
thresholds for determining whether a project impact is significant. The latter part of this
section presents the potential hazards impacts associated with the proposed project.
Mitigation measures are provided, as appropriate.
a. Criteria of Significance. The Draft Master Plan would have a significant impact on
public health and safety from hazards and hazardous materials if it would:
Create a significant hazard to the public or environment through the routine transport,
use, or disposal of hazardous materials.
Create a significant hazard to the public or environment through reasonably foreseeable
upset or accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the
environment.
Create a significant hazard to the public or environment through exposure to hazardous
materials present in soils, surface water, ground water, and/or building materials as a
result of historical land uses in the project vicinity.
Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials,
substances, or waste within ¼-mile of an existing or proposed school.
Be located on or adjacent to a site that is included on a list of hazardous materials sites
compiled pursuant to Government Code section 65962.5 and, as a result, would result
in a safety hazard for people residing or working in the area.
Impair implementation of, or physically interfere with, an adopted emergency response
plan or emergency evacuation plan.
Result in an increased risk of exposure to wildland or urban fire hazards.
Result in a safety hazard for people residing or working within an airport land use Plan
Area, or within 2 miles of a public airport of public use airport.
The significance criteria identified above are based on Section 15065 and Appendix G of the
CEQA Guidelines.
b. Less-than-Significant Hazards and Public Safety Impacts. The less-than-significant
impacts that would result from implementation of the Draft Master Plan are discussed
below.
(1) Transport Use or Disposal of Hazardous Materials and Risk of Upset. Both
the construction period and operation period, which would bring new commercial, light
manufacturing and processing uses, live/work and work/live uses to the Master Plan Area,
NOVEMBER 2008 TRUCKEE RAILYARDS DRAFT MASTER PLAN EIR
IV. SETTING, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
J. HAZARDS AND PUBLIC SAFETY
C:\JOB\RRM\Truckee\PublicReviewDraft_Oct08\4j-Hazards.doc (11/3/2008) 367
would increase the volumes and types of hazardous materials transported, stored, used,
and disposed within the Master Plan Area and the possible risk of upset and accidents
involving the release of these materials. However, the types and quantities of materials
likely to be used, such as fuels, paints, cleaners and other commercial products, are widely
and commonly used safely in developments of the type proposed for the Master Plan Area.
Compliance with the General Plan (specifically Goal 5 and associated policies), and
applicable local, State, and federal regulations for hazardous materials and hazardous
waste, described in the regulatory setting above, would avoid or reduce hazardous materials
impacts associated with new development in the Master Plan Area to less-than-significant
levels.
Construction Period Impacts. Some buildings could be demolished or rehabilitated
during development of specific sites within the Master Plan Area. Site workers involved in
demolition activities could be exposed to lead-based paint and asbestos-containing building
materials, or other hazardous materials. Federal and State regulations govern the
demolition or renovation of structures where lead or materials containing lead are present.
Federal, State, and local regulations require the removal and proper disposal of asbestos or
suspected asbestos-containing materials prior to demolition. Buildings would be inspected
for lead-based paint and asbestos prior to demolition or rehabilitation. All lead-based paint
and asbestos removal activities are required to be conducted by trained workers under
direction of an appropriate health and safety plan to minimize potential exposure. Federal
and State regulations also govern the management, transport, and disposal of hazardous
materials (including hazardous wastes). Compliance with these laws and regulations would
ensure the health and safety of workers and the public and reduce impacts to less-than-
significant levels.
Diesel-powered earthmoving equipment, such as graders and excavators, would be used
during construction of projects within the Master Plan Area. Fuels, degreasing agents and
other hazardous materials used to operate or maintain the equipment could leak from
storage containers or equipment, or be spilled. Other hazardous materials (e.g., paints,
curing agents) would be brought into the Plan Area during construction. Transport, storage,
or handling of these materials could result in releases to the environment and associated
adverse human health effects. Project applicants and their construction managers are
required to comply with local, State and federal hazardous materials regulations. Typical
compliance measures include storage of hazardous liquids with secondary containment and
preparation of a spill response plan as part of the site-specific construction phase Storm
Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). Compliance with the laws and regulations
governing the transport, storage and handling of hazardous materials would ensure the
health and safety of workers and the public and reduce impacts to less-than-significant
levels.
TRUCKEE RAILYARDS DRAFT MASTER PLAN EIR NOVEMBER 2008
IV. SETTING, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
J. HAZARDS AND PUBLIC SAFETY
368 C:\JOB\RRM\Truckee\PublicReviewDraft_Oct08\4j-Hazards.doc (11/3/2008)
Operation Period Impacts. Various businesses that use hazardous materials would be
allowed under the Draft Master Plan. These include light manufacturing and processing uses
in the “Industrial Heritage” area, such as furniture manufacturing, machine shops, printing
and publishing, and service stations, as well as commercial, live/work and work/live uses in
several Master Plan Areas. Examples of hazardous materials that could be stored by
businesses include petroleum hydrocarbons (e.g., gasoline, diesel, motor oil, grease,
lubricants), paints, and compressed gases, acids, and pesticides/herbicides for landscape
management. New commercial and light manufacturing businesses would be required to
store, handle and dispose of hazardous materials and hazardous waste in accordance with
local, State and federal laws and regulations. Compliance with these laws and regulations
would ensure the health and safety of workers and the public and reduce impacts to less-
than-significant levels.
(2) Hazardous Emissions and Hazardous Materials Use Near Schools. The school
nearest the Master Plan Area is the Forest Charter School Pioneer Site, which is located
approximately ¼-mile to the northwest on the opposite side of Interstate 80 from the Master
Plan Area. The Alder Creek Middle School is located approximately ¾-mile to the north.
Sierra College (at Pioneer Commerce Center) is located approximately ½-mile to the north.23
The types of commercial businesses and light manufacturing allowed by the Draft Master
Plan are typical of urban and suburban development; they would not handle acutely
hazardous or toxic materials that would present a substantial hazard via releases to the air
or other means to off-site receptors. Businesses would comply with hazardous materials
management laws and regulations, preparing a Business Plan if appropriate. Therefore, the
impact would be less than significant.
(3) Emergency Response and Evacuation Plans. Implementation of the Draft
Master Plan would include new residential and commercial uses in an area that is currently
largely vacant with only a small amount of development. While the build out of the Master
Plan Area would bring more people to the area, the Master Plan Area would be well-served
by major arterials in the area. In an emergency, major streets in the Master Plan Area,
including Donner Pass Road, Bridge Street, Brockway Road, and Interstate 80, would serve
as principal routes for evacuating people. Development of the Master Plan Area would
include the construction of internal streets to enhance circulation. Secondary streets within
the Master Plan Area would be designed to provide access to these streets, which would
serve as routes for moving emergency equipment and supplies. In addition, the proposed
development within the Master Plan Area would not interfere with an existing emergency
response or evacuation plan, given that it would conform to the Town General Plan Goal 7
and its associated policies that address Truckee’s response to emergency situations.
Therefore, the impact would be less than significant.
23 Tahoe Truckee Unified School District, 2008, http://www.ttusd.org/; Forest Charter School
K-12 program, http://forestcharter.com/, February 6 and Sierra College http://www.sierracollege.edu.
NOVEMBER 2008 TRUCKEE RAILYARDS DRAFT MASTER PLAN EIR
IV. SETTING, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
J. HAZARDS AND PUBLIC SAFETY
C:\JOB\RRM\Truckee\PublicReviewDraft_Oct08\4j-Hazards.doc (11/3/2008) 369
(4) Wildland and Urban Fire Hazards. Although the entire Truckee area is in a high
hazard severity zone for fire, the Master Plan Area lacks several site characteristics, such as
dense vegetation or steep slopes, that increase the risk and/or intensity of fires. Future
development would not change these aspects of the site, although it would construct new
buildings and other structures in an area that is currently largely vacant with only a few
commercial and residential buildings. However, the new development would include fire
protection systems and adequate roads to allow access by emergency vehicles. Further,
development would conform to the requirements of the Nevada County Fire Plan and the
Truckee Fire Protection District. It would be consistent with Safety Goal 4 of the General Plan
and its associated policies, which are intended to protect lives and property from risks
associated with wildland and urban fire. Therefore, the impact would be less than
significant.
(5) Airport Safety. The Master Plan Area is located within the land use planning area
for the Truckee-Tahoe Airport and is subject to the requirements for the Truckee-Tahoe
Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan. The size, scale, and density of buildings proposed for
the Master Plan Area would conform to the requirements set forth in the airport’s land use
plan for Zones C and D, as presented in Table IV.J-2. Zone D restrictions that are associated
with the Central Truckee Redevelopment Area allow greater density and intensity of
development and buildings with no more than three aboveground habitable floors that, to
the extent feasible, incorporate design features to help protect the building occupants in
the event of a small-aircraft crash. Examples of such features include concrete construction,
upgrading the strength of the building roof, an enhanced fire sprinkler system, and an
increased number of emergency exits.
The Draft Master Plan calls for the relocation of the existing balloon track to the eastern
portion of the site. This part of the Master Plan Area is in land use Compatibility Zone C,
while the western two-thirds of the site is in Zone D as shown on Figure IV.J-2. As Zone C is
the more restrictive of the two zones, the relocation of the balloon track to Zone C puts the
least sensitive uses in the highest hazard area of the site. Implementation of the Draft
Master Plan would comply with the Truckee-Tahoe Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan and
the City’s General Plan Safety Goal 6 and its associated policy, which are intended to
minimize risks associated with operations at the Truckee-Tahoe Airport. Therefore, the
impact would be less than significant.
c. Significant Hazards and Public Safety Impacts and Mitigation Measures. Three
sites within the Master Plan Area are on the lists of hazardous materials sites compiled
pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 (Table IV.J-1). Two potentially significant
impacts have been identified and are discussed below.
Impact HAZ-1: Site development would occur in areas with documented and/or partly
characterized environmental releases associated with historical site uses. (S)
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NOVEMBER 2008 TRUCKEE RAILYARDS DRAFT MASTER PLAN EIR
IV. SETTING, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
J. HAZARDS AND PUBLIC SAFETY
C:\JOB\RRM\Truckee\PublicReviewDraft_Oct08\4j-Hazards.doc (11/3/2008) 371
The Master Plan Area has areas of known and potential, but as yet uncharacterized, or only
partly characterized, soil and groundwater contamination associated with historic site uses.
Potential sources of the contamination include former commercial and industrial uses that
have occupied the Master Plan Area. The chemicals in the soil and groundwater are hazard-
ous and exposure to the chemicals via direct contact, inhalation or other means may
present a risk to future site occupants. Implementation of the following mitigation measure
would reduce this impact to a less-than-significant level:
Mitigation Measure HAZ-1: Existing contamination shall be remediated, or engineering
controls (engineered caps, vapor barriers, or other appropriate technologies) and
administrative controls (land use restrictions) shall be implemented, to ensure that
potential future occupants of the Master Plan Area are not exposed to site-related
contamination that exceeds acceptable health standards. The parties responsible for
implementing site clean-up actions may include the historical owners/operators of
properties within the Master Plan Area, current owners of properties within the Master
Plan Area, future developers of the properties within the Master Plan Area, or the Town
of Truckee.
Acceptable health standards for the purpose of site clean-up shall mean an
incremental lifetime cancer risk within the U.S. EPA’s risk management range of one-
in-a-million to one-in-ten-thousand (10-6 to 10-4) or less and a non-cancer health hazard
index of less than one based on the results of site-specific multimedia human health
risk assessment(s). Groundwater health standards shall meet Cal/EPA requirements for
the designated beneficial use(s) of groundwater in the Master Plan Area. Lahontan
RWQCB and the Town shall certify that these requirements have been met before the
Town issues a Certificate of Occupancy for buildings constructed as part of
redevelopment projects within the Master Plan Area.
The nature and extent of contamination within some portions of the site is not fully
characterized. In accordance with the requirements of the Lahontan RWQCB’s
Preliminary Endangerment Assessment process or other acceptable U.S. EPA or
Cal/EPA regulatory guidance for site investigations, soil and groundwater samples
shall be collected and analyzed in areas with inadequate historical information to
determine whether chemicals in the soil and groundwater are present at
concentrations that exceed acceptable health standards. To ensure that future site
occupants are not exposed to site-related contamination that exceeds acceptable
health standards, the following activities shall be conducted:
The nature and extent of chemicals in soil and groundwater shall be investigated
and described for each parcel or group of parcels to be redeveloped, with
oversight by the Water Board prior to the City’s issuance of a grading permit for
the potentially affected areas.
TRUCKEE RAILYARDS DRAFT MASTER PLAN EIR NOVEMBER 2008
IV. SETTING, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
J. HAZARDS AND PUBLIC SAFETY
372 C:\JOB\RRM\Truckee\PublicReviewDraft_Oct08\4j-Hazards.doc (11/3/2008)
The environmental data collected as part of the site investigation shall be used as
input for human health risk assessment(s) to determine whether any chemicals in
soil or groundwater will present an unacceptable risk to site occupants (i.e.,
exceed acceptable health standards as described above) given the site uses
proposed in the Draft Master Plan and any subsequent redevelopment plans
proposed for the parcel(s).
The results of the human health risk assessment shall be used to determine
whether no further action is required prior to redevelopment or that remediation of
contamination or implementation of engineering or administrative controls is
required to ensure that potential future occupants of the Master Plan Area are not
exposed to site-related contamination that exceeds acceptable health standards.
If remediation, engineering controls, or administrative controls are required to
ensure that human health risk does not exceed acceptable health standards, these
actions shall be completed before the site is occupied.
Monitoring and compliance shall consist of the following:
Before the Town issues building permits for a site within the Master Plan Area, it
shall confirm that the overseeing regulatory agency has provided clearance for the
site with regard to site contamination, or that a Remedial Action Plan or equivalent
and a site health and safety plan are complete and incorporated as part of the
redevelopment construction plans for the site.
Before the Town issues a certificate of occupancy for buildings within the Master
Plan Area, it shall confirm that no further action is required by the regulatory
agency overseeing the site clean-up, that engineering controls are in place and
functioning, and/or that land use covenants are in place for the property that will
ensure future occupants of the site are not exposed to contamination that exceeds
acceptable health standards. (LTS)
Impact HAZ-2: Construction activities may unexpectedly encounter hazard materials or
hazardous waste in soil or groundwater. (S)
Businesses that transport, store and handle hazardous materials have operated in the
Master Plan Area in the past and continue to operate there now. In addition to hazardous
materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 (Table IV.J-1), there
are other businesses in the area that have reported hazardous materials releases or usage,
including the storage of fuel or other chemicals in USTs and transport via pipelines. There is
some possibility that historic or current businesses in the Master Plan Area have had
unreported releases of hazardous materials. If these materials are encountered
unexpectedly during construction they would present a risk to workers, the public or the
environment.
NOVEMBER 2008 TRUCKEE RAILYARDS DRAFT MASTER PLAN EIR
IV. SETTING, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
J. HAZARDS AND PUBLIC SAFETY
C:\JOB\RRM\Truckee\PublicReviewDraft_Oct08\4j-Hazards.doc (11/3/2008) 373
Construction activities, by disturbing soil and groundwater, could result in the release of
hazardous materials not identified as part of Mitigation Measure HAZ-1.
Mitigation Measure HAZ-2: The following two-part mitigation measure shall be
implemented:
HAZ-2a: If soil, groundwater or other environmental media with suspected
contamination (e.g., identified by odor or visual staining) is encountered
unexpectedly during construction activities for individual development projects or
if any USTs, abandoned drums or other hazardous materials or wastes are
encountered, the applicant shall cease work in the vicinity of the suspect material,
the area shall be secured as necessary, and the applicant shall take all appropriate
measures to protect human health and the environment. Appropriate measures
shall include notifying the appropriate regulatory agency and implementing
actions to determine the nature and extent of any observed contamination. An
environmental professional shall oversee the subsequent assessment of the site
(including the collection, analysis and interpretation of any samples of soil,
groundwater or other environmental media) in accordance with local, State and
federal hazardous materials and hazardous waste laws and regulations. The
professional shall provide recommendations, as applicable, regarding soil/waste
management, worker health and safety training, and regulatory agency
notifications. General construction work shall not resume in the area(s) affected
until the recommendations have been implemented under the oversight of the
regulatory agency, as appropriate.
HAZ-2b: The contractor involved in site grading and site development activities for
an individual development project shall ensure that underground pipelines or
other underground or aboveground utilities within the Plan Area are identified and
clearly marked prior to earthworking activities to avoid unexpected contact with
these utilities. Emergency procedures shall be developed by the contractor that can
be implemented in the event utilities are ruptured; these procedures shall be
reviewed and approved by the Town of Truckee, prior to the issuance of a grading
or building permit. On-site workers shall be trained in how to implement these
procedures.
Implementation of the two measures detailed above will reduce this impact to a less-
than-significant level. (LTS)
TRUCKEE RAILYARDS DRAFT MASTER PLAN EIR NOVEMBER 2008
IV. SETTING, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
J. HAZARDS AND PUBLIC SAFETY
374 C:\JOB\RRM\Truckee\PublicReviewDraft_Oct08\4j-Hazards.doc (11/3/2008)