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2022-07-12 packet
Individuals should contact the ADA Coordinator at (573) 634-6570 to request accommodations or alternative formats as required under the Americans with Disabilities Act. Please allow three business days to process the request. Please call 573-634-6410 for information regarding agenda items. NOTICE OF REGULAR MEETING AND TENTATIVE AGENDA i City of Jefferson Historic Preservation Commission Tuesday, July 12, 2022, ~ 6:00 p.m. John G. Christy Municipal Building, Council Chambers, 320 E. McCarty Street Virtual Option-WebEx https://jeffersoncity.webex.com/jeffersoncity/j.php?MTID=m173912bc5024865bc818502e98aad8d8 Password: 1234 Join by Phone: +14043971516 US Toll Access Code: 2484 815 5514 TENTATIVE AGENDA 1. Introductions and Roll Call 2. Procedural Matters • Determination of quorum • Call for cases • Receive and review requests for continuance • Receive requests for reordering the agenda • Format of hearing • List of exhibits 3. Adoption of Agenda (as printed or reordered) 4. Approval of June 14, 2022, Regular Meeting Minutes 5. Old Business a. 407 Lafayette-New Porch Addition 6. New Business a. Draft Historic Context Update-Rory Krupp b. Section 106-Early Explorers Preschool c. Verizon Wireless Tower-Invitation to Comment d. Missouri State Penitentiary- National Register Nomination 7. Other Business a. Code Revision Update b. E. Capitol Avenue Update 8. Public Comment 9. Dates to Remember a. Next Regular Meeting Date, August 9, 2022 10. Adjournment City of Jefferson Historic Preservation Commission Minutes Regular Meeting – Tuesday, June 14, 2022 Council Chambers – John G. Christy Municipal Building 320 E. McCarty Street/Virtual WebEx Meeting 1 Commission Members Present Attendance Record Donna Deetz, Chairperson 5 of 5 Alan Wheat, Vice Chairperson 5 of 5 Gail Jones 5 of 5 Tiffany Patterson 5 of 5 Michael Berendzen 5 of 5 Brad Schaefer 4 of 5 Christine Boston 1 of 1 Commission Members Absent Attendance Record Steven Hoffman 0 of 5 Council Liaison Present Laura Ward (via WebEx) Staff Present Rachel Senzee, Neighborhood Services Supervisor Karlie Reinkemeyer, Neighborhood Services Specialist Guests Present Robert Freeman, Property Owner of 604 Washington Street Anna Watson, News Tribune Call to Order Ms. Deetz called the meeting to order at 6:00 p.m. Format of the Public Hearing Ms. Senzee read the format of the public hearing procedures and order of testimony. There are two public hearing’s regarding the demolitions of 208 W. Elm and 604 Washington Street. Adoption of Agenda Ms. Patterson moved and Mr. Wheat seconded to adopt the agenda as printed. The motion passed unanimously. Approval of Regular Meeting Minutes Mr. Berendzen moved and Ms. Patterson seconded to approve the minutes from April 12, 2022, regular meeting as written. The motion passed unanimously. 2 Demolition Review (Under 100 Years Old) A. 112 Pierce Street Ms. Senzee gave an overview of the staff report and explained that the request is to demolish a single-family residence at 112 Pierce Street. According to Sanborn maps, the structure was not present until the 1930s. The property has been declared dangerous by the Property and Housing Inspector. The back half of the house is collapsing into the cistern. The structure does not appear to hold sufficient historical significance in terms of heritage, culture, or architecture. Ms. Senzee explained that the staff recommendation is the approval of the demolition review application of 112 Pierce Street. Mr. Berendzen moved and Ms. Jones seconded to approve the demolition review application for 112 Pierce Street. The motion passed unanimously. B. 110 Fulkerson Street Ms. Senzee gave an overview of the staff report and explained that the request is to demolish a single-family residence at 110 Fulkerson Street. Ms. Senzee stated that the structure did not exist until 1929, according to City Directories Ms. Senzee explained that the property has been vacant for 18 months and has been utilized as storage space by the property owners. The property owners intend to salvage architectural features and donate appliances to charity. On the demolition application, the property owner explained that the house cannot be repaired because there are steps in the interior and the size and location of the steps cause mobility challenges. The outside steps are crumbling despite efforts to repair them. The property owner intends to keep the lot vacant to add more green space. The property is located in the West Main Phase II Survey area and the City’s Historic Preservation Consultant (David Taylor) has deemed this structure as “contributing” due to its age and character. Ms. Senzee stated that in reviewing Section 8-44 C, Criteria for Nomination (as outlined above), the structure does appear to hold sufficient historical significance in terms of heritage, culture, or architecture, and it does embody distinguishing characteristics of an architectural style valuable for the study of a period, type, and method of construction, and the property does not embody elements of design, detailing materials, and craftsmanship that renders it architecturally significant. Ms. Senzee explained that last year, the HPC approved a demolition application for the same property owners for a structure next to 110 Fulkerson Street. The property owners demolished the structure and rebuilt a bungalow-style house. The property owners designed the new house to accommodate their elderly relatives who have mobility challenges. The demolition of 110 Fulkerson Street does not conflict with future land use or adopted city plans. The staff recommendation is the approval of the demolition review application. 3 Mr. Berendzen moved and Ms. Patterson seconded to approve the demolition review application for 110 Fulkerson. The motion failed. Aye: --, Nay: Mike Berendzen, Christine Boston, Tiffany Patterson, Donna Deetz, Alan Wheat, Brad Schaefer, and Gail Jones. Demolition Clearance Public Hearing (Over 100 Years Old) A. 604 Washington Street Ms. Senzee stated that the request is to demolish a single-family residence located at 604 Washington Street. According to the property owner, the structure has been vacant for 10 years. According to old City-directories, the property was present in 1908. The property owner intends to leave the lot vacant once demolished. Ms. Senzee gave an overview of the staff report and in reviewing Section 8-44 C, Criteria for Nomination (as outlined above), the structure does not appear to hold sufficient historical significance in terms of heritage, culture, or architecture, and it is not an embodiment of the distinguishing characteristics of an architectural style valuable for the study of a period, type, and method of construction, and the property does not embody elements of design, detailing materials, and craftsmanship that renders it architecturally significant. Ms. Senzee explained that the Property and Housing Inspector took the photos with the consent of the property owner. According to the Property and Housing Inspector, the building fits the criteria to be considered Dangerous. After reviewing the photos and adopted city plans, Ms. Senzee stated that the staff recommendation is the approval of the demolition clearance application for 604 Washington Street. Mr. Berendzen motioned and Ms. Jones seconded to approve the demolition clearance application for 604 Washington Street. The motion passed unanimously. B. 208 W. Elm Street Ms. Senzee explained that the purpose of the request is to demolish a single-family residence located at 208 W. Elm Street. According to Sanborn maps and old-city directories, this structure was present in 1908. Ms. Senzee stated that the structure has been declared dangerous by the Housing and Property Inspector and the dangerous building packet is included in the meeting packet. Ms. Senzee gave an overview of the staff report and in reviewing Section 8-44 C, Criteria for Nomination (as outlined above), the structure does appear to hold sufficient historical significance in terms of heritage, culture, or architecture, and it is an embodiment of the distinguishing characteristics of an architectural style valuable for the study of a period, type, and method of construction, and the property does embody elements of design, detailing materials, and craftsmanship that renders it architecturally significant. Due to the structure’s dangerous condition, the city staff’s recommendation is the approval of the demolition clearance application. 4 Mr. Berendzen asked if most of the structural problems are in the addition of the structure. Ms. Senzee explained that the addition is pulling away from the main structure. Mr. Berendzen asked if portions of the brick walls were taken down to add the addition. Ms. Senzee stated she was unsure because there were no photos. Mr. Berendzen questioned if the addition were removed would the main structure be salvageable. Ms. Senzee said an engineer would be needed to determine that answer. Mr. Berendzen asked if the property owner had considered removing the addition before the complete demolition. Ms. Senzee explained that she did not talk to the applicant and the application does not indicate. Mr. Berendzen questioned if the main structure could be stable if the addition would be removed. Ms. Senzee referenced the corrective action section of the dangerous building packet. The corrective actions are: 1. Secure the site to prevent access to areas with overhead fall hazards. 2. Obtain sealed drawings from a licensed professional, obtain all necessary permits, and using licensed contractors to repair the failing structure per approved drawings. The owner may also choose to obtain permits and demolish the structure to remove hazards. 3. Maintain site security prior to, during, and through completion of repairs and /or demolition Ms. Deetz said the property owner is choosing to demolish the structure instead of repairing the hazardous conditions. Mr. Berendzen does not see why the whole structure needs to be demolished. Mr. Berendzen asked, “how much of the addition needs to be demolished?”. Ms. Senzee explained that city staff can ask the Property and Housing Inspector for more information if that is needed for the commission to decide on this structure. Mr. Schaefer asked if the outbuilding would be demolished as well. Ms. Senzee explained that city staff will find out. Mr. Berendzen motioned and Ms. Boston seconded to table this discussion until the next meeting when additional information will be provided. The motion passed unanimously. New Business A. Historic Legacy District Ms. Senzee explained that this category of district originated from the Historic Preservation Code Revision Committee. Ms. Senzee explained that there was a sentiment that the Foot Historic District was a Local Historic District. Ms. Senzee stated that that is not the case, the Foot Historic District is a mayoral-proclaimed historic district. Ms. Senzee explained that the committee began thinking of ways to preserve the history that has been lost. Ms. Senzee stated that city staff and the Historic Preservation Code Revision Committee decided to pursue a Historic Legacy District. The Historic Legacy District would not have any land-use restrictions, but it would be a formal way of recognizing an area where little to no structures exist anymore. 5 Ms. Senzee explained that this would be an amendment to the existing city code. Ms. Senzee explained that another change to the current code includes moving the definitions from the end of the section to the beginning of the section. Ms. Senzee explained that a definition for a Historic Legacy District has been added to the code. The definition for a Historic Legacy District reads, “is a geographical area of historical and cultural significance for which most of all of the physical attributes (structures, streets, public areas, archaeology, etc.) relevant to the historical or cultural period of significance no longer exist”. Ms. Senzee gave an overview of the process for establishing a Historic Legacy District as found in the meeting packet. Ms. Senzee explained that the public hearing process for the Historic Legacy District would be very similar to the public hearing process for Local Historic Districts. Ms. Senzee explained that the Legacy Districts would be nominated by a public hearing process. Ms. Senzee explained that once the HPC nominates a Historic Legacy District, it would be brought before Council where an ordinance would be required to support the district. Ms. Senzee explained that there is a movement to be more inclusive of history that has been lost. Ms. Senzee explained that Vanessa Adams-Harris from Tulsa spoke to the Code Revision Committee to share what Tulsa has done to honor “Black Wall Street” or the Greenwood District. Ms. Senzee stated that the Historic Legacy District is a way to symbolically recognize areas where history has been lost. Ms. Senzee explained that the Historic Legacy District can apply to other areas and not just the Foot Historic District. Mr. Wheat motioned and Mr. Berendzen seconded to approve the addition of the Historic Legacy District to the current city code. The motion passed unanimously. B. 407 Lafayette Street-New Porch Addition Ms. Senzee explained that the permit was pulled for a new porch addition to 407 Lafayette Street including posts, steps, roofing, and railing. Ms. Senzee stated that this property is located in the School Street Local Historic District and any permit required work must be approved by the Historic Preservation Commission. The School Street Local Historic District does have Design Guidelines. Ms. Senzee stated that work has already begun (without a permit) on the new porch and two of the three posts are nearly completed with brickwork. According to the Design Guidelines, the porch is to conform to the design of the photographed structure as found in the design guidelines. The brick on the post does not mirror what the photographed porch looked like. Ms. Senzee explained the criteria for porch additions in the School Street Local Historic District: 1. Existing porches and their architectural elements such as but not limited to railings, columns, brackets and steps shall be retained through repair. The addition of wood epoxy to make small repairs to damaged elements shall be allowed. Wooden porch elements shall be painted. 2. Should one or more of these elements be deteriorated enough to warrant replacement, replacement materials shall maintain the original materials’ size, shape, pattern, texture and directional orientation or installation. Treated wood may be used for replacement of porch 6 elements, but must be painted after being allowed to weather for a period of at least six months, not exceeding 12 months. Mr. Berendzen stated that a more appropriate porch design would be like 616 where the brick pilaster came up to the porch deck and from there wood columns would go up to the porch roof. Mr. Berendzen stated that the brick columns going up to the roof level is not appropriate for the style of the house (407 Lafayette). Ms. Patterson stated that the current design of the new porch is not appropriate for the house based on the guidelines for the School Street Local Historic District. Ms. Senzee stated that she has communicated with the property owners in the past about the design guidelines. Ms. Deetz asked, “do we stop what they are doing and take down what you have already done and construct the porch in a way that is compatible with the design guidelines, or do we let them finish”. Ms. Senzee explained that the property owners can appeal the HPC’s decision to the city council. Mr. Berendzen motioned and Ms. Patterson seconded to approve the building permit for 407 Lafayette Street. The motion failed. Aye: None Nay: Tiffany Patterson, Christine Boston, Donna Deetz, Gail Jones, Brad Schaefer. Alan Wheat, and Michael Berendzen. C. Historic Revitalization Grant Applications Ms. Senzee stated that the City received $675,000 from the Paul Bruhn Historic Revitalization Grant through the National Parks Service. The city has established a sub-grant program to restore contributing buildings in the Missouri State Capitol Historic District and the Old Munichburg Commercial Historic District. Ms. Senzee said the program is now open and there are 34 eligible properties. City staff mailed letters to all property owners informing them of this opportunity. A grant workshop will be on June 23 at 5:30 PM. The deadline to submit applications is July 31, 2022. City staff will send out the applications as soon as possible after the deadline. Ms. Senzee stated that the HPC is the best governmental body to review and score the applications and determine the award recipients. Ms. Senzee intends to have the award documents in early August. Ms. Senzee anticipates 3-5 awards. The Commission decided that there will be a special session after the August 9th Regular meeting to discuss awarding the sub-grant funds from the Paul Bruhn Historic Revitalization program. Other Business A. Code Revision Committee Update Mr. Schaefer stated that Code Revision Committee discussed the procedure to authorize construction, reconstruction, and alterations to structures and demolition procedures. Mr. Schaefer stated that the proposed code would allow the HPC to review alterations and 7 demolitions. Mr. Schaefer said the proposed code will give the HPC more responsibilities for reviewing purposes. B. Draft Historic Context Review Ms. Senzee stated that the draft Historic Context is in the meeting packet and she asked commissioners to review and send any feedback to city staff. C. E. Capitol Avenue Update Ms. Senzee stated that the city did receive a Historic Preservation Fund grant award to complete structural assessments on additional properties on E. Capitol Avenue. Ms. Senzee stated that the Request for Qualifications is going out soon. Ms. Senzee stated that once all the reports are final, City Council will decide on how to proceed with the properties. Ms. Senzee stated that there is a booklet prepared by City-staff on the City’s website for the public to view. D. Missouri Preservation Conference Ms. Deetz stated that the Missouri Preservation Conference is going on this week. Ms. Senzee stated that the conference has been great so far and that the content is good. E. National Alliance of Preservation Commissions Ms. Senzee stated that the National Alliance of Preservation Commissions is June 13-17 in Cincinnati, OH. Public Comment No public comments. Dates to Remember A. Next Regular Meeting Date-July 12, 2022 Adjournment Ms. Patterson moved and Mr. Berendzen seconded to adjourn the meeting at 7:40 p.m. The motion passed unanimously. Individuals should contact the ADA Coordinator at (573) 634-6570 to request accommodations or alternative formats as required under the Americans with Disabilities Act. Please allow 3 business days to process the request. Commercial Projects: Includes multifamily residential buildings with 3 or more units. Requires, a complete set working drawings to be submitted with permit application. Minimum of (3) hard sets required for the plan review process and a PDF file of the drawings and specifications. Plans must be prepared by and sealed by a licensed design professional, in accordance with Section 327 RSMo. General Construction, Mechanical, Electrical & Plumbing Work: All contractors shall be licensed with the City of Jefferson to do commercial work. Demolition Waste Disposal — All construction debris (including hazardous) material is the Owner/Contractor's responsibility to dispose (or abate) of according to Federal and State regulations, including the following: (a) Disposal. The disposal of construction waste is regulated by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) under Chapter 260 RSMo. Such waste in types and quantities established by MDNR shall be taken to a licensed landfill or licensed sanitary landfill for disposal. (b) Asbestos. Demolition waste in regulated structures must be inspected to determine if any asbestos containing materials are present. For more information contact the Department of Natural Resources at 573-751-4817 or visit http://dnr.mo.gov/env/apcp/asbestos/index.htm. Complete and submit the Asbestos NESHAP Notification of Demolition and Renovation, Form —MO 780-1923 to the Department of Natural Resources. Note: When completed and accepted by MDNR, please provide a copy to the City. (c) Lead Paint. The abatement of lead paint is regulated by the Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS). Please call the DHSS at 573-526-5873 or visit https://health.mo.gov/safety/lead licensing/. Residential Permits, for One & Two -Family: Any work not performed by the home owner shall require a licensed contractor(s) issued by the City for such work. For new residential construction, submit: floor plans; elevations of all sides; a site plan; and structural details (if required) with the permit application. Renovation and addition projects require sufficient detail to describe work. Additions will need a site plan showing the outline on a site plan. Minimum inspection required for new construction: 1.) Footing & foundation, 2.) Framing & rough in work 3.) Final job completion and issuance of certificate of occupancy. Site Plan shall show the following minimum information: a. Location and dimensions of new construction on lot to scale, i.e. main structure with any bump outs or deck extension, utility structures, driveway or swimming pool. b. Indicate the setback distance between all property lines and structure(s). c. Indicate the direction of storm water runoff on new construction. d. Indicate new building sewer or other easements that may exist on the lot. Notes Property tines Right-of-way line - • - - • - Sketch Plot Plan: Rear yard Structure ront yar REV: 6/30/2018 Street curb APPLICATION FOR CONSTRUCTION PERMIT City of Jefferson Department of Planning & Protective Services Building Regulations Division 320 E. McCarty Street, Jefferson City, MO 65101 Phone (573) 634-6410 Fax (573) 634-6562 i cbuilding(a)j effersoncitvmo.gov www, j effersoncitytno. gov "Indicate type of work proposed for this permit: ui1ding 0 Plumbing 0 Electrical 0 Mechanical 1. Property lnfor tion: (location of proposed construction ) Street Number. 107 Unit/Suite # Street Name: Loa'1—G(.t{�JJ e Lot # Suhdv: Located in 100 -Year Floodplain? 0 Yes SiN 2. Type Work: lew ❑ Alteration ❑Addition ❑ Repair If not new wor , is structure historic? 0 Yes ❑ No 3. Type Use: Single family 0 Two family 0 Townhouse 0 Multi -Family ❑ Other. 0 Business ❑ Mercantile 0 Restaurant 0 Bar/Night club 0 Daycare 0 Educational ❑ Institutional ❑ Warehouse Accessory uses: 0 Garage ❑ Swimming pool 0 Carport 0 Footing ��ower ?Other: 0 rear deck ❑ utility shed ❑ Fence ❑ Ret. wall 4. Brief Description of Work: N-tw add fi bYN of rerah i 1/LC.(ru-d QS St-LpS, poS1-St Viso'- ,v ji ra,t Cc -n_9 If needed, use sketch plan on back page to show addition information: 5. General Building Information: Const. Cost $ t (.0, t`)-0 Area sq. 11. Number of stories: Bathrooms per unit: Number of units: Bedrooms per unit Type Basement: 0 Unfinished 0 Finished ❑ None Type Heating: ❑ Electric ❑ Gas ❑ Other 6. Permit Fee Calculation: > Jtesidential rate. (single family up to 2 units) (3 or more units will be at commercial rate) > Commercial rate, first I0 million of cost, then © (.0020) for cost over 10 million. > Minimum Permit Fee $25.00 Modifier .0025 ($ ) X ( )=Permit Fee$ *Construction Cost Modifier *(Construction Cost - Subject to Verification) .0050 acdc° ** $417 for each new sewer connection: Add Total Permit Fee Due $ This space for official use Amount paid: $ 25:00 PERMIT # - W & 5 Type payment: [ 1 cash redid card [ J check [ ] Data -entry Department Review Approved Bldg. code version Building Use Group Health Type Const. Planning Occ load Sprinkler system 7. Property Owner: Name: e) r SartL U p Address: .100 E- �tr city: J.Q PP ai ti.1 State Ml Zip (Q5l O t Phone 513 -tt) - 3P15 Contact Email Address F' (Af1 Sf 4t lv p j' -t t'a7 13rmll i 1 • C.L Pr) 8. Consultant / Design Professional: Licit Name: Address: City: State Zip Phone Email Address Contact 9. Licensed General Contractor: Lic. if Name: L S 42 4n D va -{1 O r Address: -77 00 1"t -(-QS -o0LGi City: State AM) Zip Phone S73�lrt19 - 52C) Contact fAct & Ltxf-iAIOhJ Email Address OtThdv 0 10. Sub -Contractor Information: sub -contractors on this project. Mechanical contractor: Plumbing contractor: Electrical contractor: 11. Certification: 1 hereby certify that 1 am the owner of record of named property, or that the proposed work is authorized by the owner of record and I have been authorized to make this application as his agent and we agree to conform to all applicable laws of this jurisdiction. X21 -2Z ure of Applicant Date NOTE Construction Waste Disposal - All construction waste (including hazardous) material is the Owner/Contractor's responsibility to dispose (or abate) of according to Federal and State regulations. See next page for more information. 12. Permit Approval: Authorizing Official Date Permit Fee Refunds: Permit fees may be refunded upon written request within 60 calendar days from the date the permit was issued. The written request must include: property address: permit number: a statement to withdraw the permit; and be signed by the individual who signed the original permit application. The amount refunded will be less a processing cost of $50 or 20% of the issued permit cost, whichever is greater. 1 School Street Local Historic District Design Guidelines NOTE: These Design Guidelines only apply to exterior changes to houses in the School Street Local Historic District. I. Guidelines for Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings The guidelines shall apply to exterior rehabilitation work only. A. General Objectives 1. Rehabilitation work should maintain and be consistent with the historic architectural styles, date/period and detailing of the structure. 2. Rehabilitation work which is intended to enhance or return the structure to its original historic appearance should be based upon historic, physical, or pictorial evidence, rather than on conjectural designs. Work that has no historical basis and which seeks to create a different appearance is discouraged. 3. Work should first attempt to repair and maintain the existing elements of the structure, whenever reasonably possible. In the event replacement of details and materials is necessary, when possible, these elements should match the elements being replaced in size, shape, materials, pattern, texture and directional orientation of installation. B. Building Wall Material Requirements 1. Existing wall materials and details shall be retained through repair and maintenance, unless deteriorated beyond reasonable repair. 2. When replacement of existing materials and details is required, the new materials shall be similar in appearance, maintaining the original materials in size, shape, pattern, texture and directional orientation on installation. 3. Masonry walls shall maintain their present or original appearance. Paint may be removed from masonry surfaces to return to the original appearance. The painting of, or the removal of paint, from a masonry surface shall be done only if necessary to preserve deteriorating masonry surfaces and the historic integrity of the structure. To 2 prevent damage, masonry shall be cleaned by the gentlest means possible. Abrasive cleaning methods, such as sandblasting using sand, shall be avoided. 4. The use of steel, aluminum, manufactured board or vinyl siding as a replacement material for primary walls is discouraged, but may be acceptable if these materials maintain the character of the structure and the original siding shape, pattern, texture and directional orientation. Character defining details and elements such as, but not limited to, window/door trim and detailing, eave brackets, porch columns and railings, and other special elements and details which give the structure its character and appearance, shall be retained when applying steel, aluminum, or vinyl siding. Rear additions, which are often covered with a different siding than the primary structure’s walls, should use a replacement siding that most closely maintains the character of the structure and the original siding shape, pattern, texture and directional orientation. Character defining details should be retained when removing or applying siding materials. C. Requirements for Windows and Doors 1. Existing windows and doors, their glazing, trim, and the character defining elements shall be retained through repair when reasonably possible. 2. Existing window and door locations shall be retained, not removed, covered or filled in, unless necessary for flood-proofing a structure. 3. Repair of original windows and doors is the preferred option in this historic district. Replacement windows and doors shall be similar in sash design and appearance, maintaining the original size, shape, muntin pattern and size, glazing area and tint, and placement location. Windows and doors on a wall facing a street shall be the primary consideration in review of building permit applications, and shall most closely replicate the originals. Vinyl, vinyl wrapped, or other lower quality windows and doors on walls facing a street shall be discouraged. Windows and doors on rear additions or on walls not facing a street shall maintain the original size, shape, muntin pattern, glazing area and tint, but may be of a different material than the originals (ex.: vinyl wrapped or metal windows may be allowed). 4. Replacement windows having thermal and maintenance reducing qualities may be used, but shall maintain those appearance and character defining elements described above. Ex: laminated glass with a clear low-E coating or double pane windows may be used. 3 5. New window and door openings shall maintain the building’s façade proportions and rhythms, and shall match the existing window and door design. Where the building code requires egress, larger windows may replace original small windows so long as they are compatible in style with the original windows. Every effort, however, shall be made to place replacement egress windows on secondary or rear elevations. 6. Replacement trim materials shall be similar in appearance, maintaining the original materials’ size, shape, pattern, texture and detailing. 7. Window features and accessories, such as storm windows, screens, awnings, and shutters shall maintain the appearance of the main window and the building’s façade proportions and rhythms. 8. Door features and accessories, such as storm doors, screens, sidelights, and transoms shall maintain the appearance of the main door and the building’s façade proportions and rhythms. Original transoms and sidelights may not be covered or boarded. D. Requirements for Roofs 1. Roof forms and architectural features such as, but not limited to, dormers, chimneys, overhangs, eaves, eave brackets or lookouts, and fascia, which give the roof its essential character, shall be retained through repair when reasonably possible. 2. Replacement materials shall maintain the original materials’ size, shape, pattern, texture and directional orientation of installation when reasonable possible. If a roof has standard tab asphalt shingles, the same type of replacement shingles should be used. If architectural shingles have been used on a roof, architectural shingles may be used as a replacement, even if this would not have been the original roof style. E. Requirements for Porches 1. Existing porches and their architectural elements such as, but not limited to railings, columns, brackets and steps shall be retained through repair. Addition of wood epoxy to make small repairs to damaged elements shall be allowed. Wooden porch elements shall be painted. 2. Should one or more of these elements be deteriorated enough to warrant replacement, replacement materials shall maintain the original materials’ size, shape, pattern, texture and directional orientation or installation. Treated wood may be used for replacement of porch elements, but must be painted after being allowed to weather for a period of at least six months, not exceeding 12 months. 4 F. Requirements for Engineering Systems: Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing 1. Engineering systems and their associated elements such as, but not limited to, air conditioning and heating units, flues, conduits, cables, electrical boxes, meters, ventilators, and lovers shall, when feasible, be placed on the side or rear facades of the structure. II. Guidelines for Additions to Existing Structures A. General Objectives 1. Additions should be located on side or rear facades where the character defining elements and visual appearance of the front façade of the structure will not be obscured, damaged or destroyed, when reasonably possible. 2. Additions to existing structures that are visible from the street should maintain and not detract from the appearance and character defining elements of the existing structure, their scale and proportions. 3. Additions should provide consistency and continuity through the use of similar forms, massing, rhythms, details, height, directional orientation of building, element lines and materials. 4. Vertical additions should maintain the established height of the structures along the same street. These additions shall maintain the established rhythms and proportions that are established by the lower portions of the structure and shall maintain the structure’s architectural integrity. 5. If possible, additions should be designed so that they can be removed in the future without damaging the existing building. B. Building Site Requirements 1. Additions shall maintain the building setba cks from the street and for side yards as defined by the other buildings along the same streets. When the setback pattern varies, the addition shall be maintained between the minimum and maximum setbacks that are defined by the other buildings along the same side of the street, established as follows: (a) Front yard setbacks shall be established by averaging the existing front yards along the street frontage in the same block and on the same side of the street; (b) Side and rear yard setbacks shall be as required by the Zoning Code. 5 2. Subject to the provisions of Paragraph 3 below, paving within the front yard shall be limited to primary driveways and sidewalks. The surface area of driveways and sidewalks shall not exceed 30% of the front yard lot area. Parking areas shall be located behind the front plane of the building in the side or rear yard or inner courtyards, except as provided for allowable parking lots as described in this section. 3. Allowable parking lots for land uses requiring ten (10) or more spaces may be located in the front yard provided the parking lot is a minimum of 30 feet from the front property/right-of-way line. Parking lots shall be screened from view along the front and side property lines with a perimeter strip containing a combination of medium - to-large canopy (deciduous) trees and evergreen trees, planted three (3) trees per 100 linear feet; plus a barrier feature such as a hedge, berm, fence, wall or combination of such features, with minimum height of three (3) feet. Up to ten percent (10%) of the length of a screen may be interrupted for access to the property, however, at least one driveway access shall be permitted for each development. All plants shall be selected from the Approved Planting List, on file in the Department of Planning and Code Enforcement. Parking lot design and landscaping shall comply with the provisions of the Zoning Code. 4. Addition of landscaping features such as, but not limited to, walls, fencing, lighting and planters shall be consistent with the appearance and general character of those same elements that exist along the same street and neighborhood. C. Requirements for Building Materials and Elements 1. Building materials shall create a visual consistency and continuity between the existing structure and the addition. This may be achieved, first, through the continued use of materials that are present on the existing structure or, secondly, through the use of different materials that maintain th e same scale, proportions, rhythms, and directional orientation as those present on the existing structure. 2. Building elements, their location, and the sight lines that they establish shall be continued to the addition to create a visual consistency and continuity. This may be achieved through maintaining such elements, details and building lines as the established height of windows and doors, the repetition of window glazing patterns, the continuance of the roof forms, eave lines and overhangs, the continu ance of special detailing present on the existing structure. 3. Design the foundation height and the eave lines of additions generally to align with those of the existing buildings, unless elevation of a structure is required for flood- 6 proofing. Interior floor-to-ceiling heights on the front elevation shall not be less than nine (9) feet, with a maximum story height of 12 feet. Additions to front facades shall have the appearance of having no more than two and one-half (2-1/2) stories and be limited to 35 feet in height. Where front setbacks greater than 35 feet are possible, the differential height. 4. For the purposes of this section, “building height” shall be the vertical distance from the grade within 10 feet of a building to the (a) highest point of a flat roof; (b) the dock line of a mansard roof; or (c) the average height between eaves and ridge for gable, hip, and gambrel roofs, as averaged from around the building. D. Requirements for Roofs 1. New roof features, such as dormers, may be added to the existin g roof, if such elements maintain the structure’s established rhythms, scale, proportions, and architectural appearance and character. 2. Roof forms on additions shall maintain the existing structure’s appearance and character through similar roof forms, slope and detailing. E. Requirements for Porches 1. Enclosure of porches and entries shall maintain the structure’s existing rhythms, scale, proportions, appearance and character. 2. When required to achieve access to the first floor level, handicapped ramps may be installed and shall be constructed so that in the future, the ramp may be removed without significantly altering the original structure. III. Guidelines for New Construction A. General Objectives 1. Designs for new construction need not duplicate existing styles within a district, but should draw upon common characteristics of structures in the approximate neighborhood to provide a continuity and consistency. Characteristics, such a s, but not limited to, porches, entries, roof slope and form, and window/door styles, maintain the continuity and consistency of new construction within the district. 2. New construction should respect the established area’s scale, proportions, rhythms, and relationships of both principal and accessory structures. 7 B. Building Site Requirements 1. Keep the orientation of the proposed building’s front elevation to the street consistent with the orientation of existing buildings’ front elevation to the street. 2. New secondary structures, such as detached garages, shall maintain the secondary relationship with the primary structure. 3. Subject to the provisions of Paragraph 4 below, paving within the front yard shall be limited to primary driveways and sidewalks. The surface of driveways and sidewalks shall not exceed 30% of the front yard lot area. Locate new parking areas as unobtrusively as possible behind the front plane of the building in the side or rear yard or inner courtyards, except as provided for allowable parking lots as described in this section. 4. Allowable parking lots for land uses requiring ten (10) or more spaces may be located in the front yard provided the parking lot is a minimum of 30 feet from the front property/right-of-way line and is screened from view along the front and side property lines with a perimeter strip containing a combination of medium -to-large canopy (deciduous) trees and evergreen trees, planted three (3) trees per 100 linear feet; plus a barrier feature such as a hedge, berm, fence, wall or combination of such features, with minimum height of three (3) feet. Up to ten percent (10%) of the length of a screen may be interrupted for access to the property, however, at least one driveway access shall be permitted for each development. All plants shall be selected from the Approved Planting List, on file in the Department of Planning and Code Enforcement. Parking lot design and landscaping shall comply with the provisions of the Zoning Code. 5. Use driveways and alleys to access side and rear parking areas and garages. Attached garages shall not be located on the front façade of a new building unless incorporated into the mass of the building, with the garage doors oriented to the side or rear. “Snout houses” where a garage projects form the front façade shall not be permitted. 6. For new parking areas, use paving material that is compatible with traditional paving materials for driveways in the district. Parking areas and driveways shall be designed in accordance with standards of the Department of Public Works. Acceptable paving materials include pavers, concrete, textured-concrete, aggregate, asphalt, and other paving material approved by the Department of Public works. Gravel shall not be utilized. 8 7. Existing large trees and other significant landscape features shall be incorporated into places for additions and new construction. Where existing trees and other significant landscape features cannot be retained, new trees and landscape features shall be incorporated into the plans and installed on the site. Outside of parking lot landscape areas, trees used to replace existing trees which must be removed shall have a minimum diameter/caliper of one and one-half inches (1-1/2”) measured six inches (6”) above the ground., 8. Existing historic site features such as retaining walls, gate posts and tree guards shall be retained, replaced in kind, or similar features incorporated in the design. 9. New landscaping features such as, but not limited to, walls, fencing, lighting, and planters, shall be consistent with the general character of those same elements that exist along the same street and approximate neighborhood. C. Requirements for Building Materials 1. Design the height of the proposed building to be compatible with the height of existing buildings in the School Street Historic District. Minimum setbacks for new construction shall be established by averaging the existing front yards along the street frontage in the same block and on the same side of the street; (b) Side and rear yards shall be as required by the Zoning Code. (a) Interior floor-to-ceiling heights on the front elevation shall not be less than nine (9) feet, with a maximum story height of 12 feet. (b) Except as provided in the Differential Height/Setback Schedule, new buildings constructed shall have the appearance from the front street line, of having no more than two and one-half (2-1/2) stories, and be limited to 35 feet in overall height. 2. Design the proportion (the ratio of the height to the width) of the proposed building’s front elevation to be compatible with the proportion of existing front elevations in the district. 3. Utilize new windows and doors that are compatible in proportion, shape, position, location, pattern, and size with windows and doors of existing structures in the district. On the facades visible from the front street line, individual window units shall not exceed 48 inches. Compatible groupings of dou ble hung windows are acceptable. The separation between individual windows in these groupings shall not be less than four (4) inches. Use of more than three (3) single window units in a grouping is not appropriate. New windows shall follow the traditional proportion of being taller than they are wide. 9 4. Keep the roof shape of the proposed building consistent with roof shapes in the district: gable and hip. Roof pitch shall be consistent with other existing structures in the district. 5. Keep the predominant material of the proposed building consistent with historic materials in the district: brick, stone, stucco, and wooden clapboard siding. Use of synthetic materials is discouraged, however synthetic materials may be substituted for historic materials if approved on a case by case basis. Synthetic materials shall be specifically identified and approved on an individual basis by t he Department of Planning and Code Enforcement. 6. Make the scale (the relationship of a building’s mass and details to the human figure) of the proposed building compatible with the scale of existing structures in the district. 7. Ensure that the architectural details of the proposed building complement the architectural details of existing structures in the district. 8. Contemporary construction that does not directly copy from historic buildings in the district but is compatible with them in height, proportion , roof shape, material, texture, scale, detail, and color, is strongly encouraged. 9. New single family structures shall maintain the traditional neighborhood scale. 10. New non-single family structures shall (a) include architectural details on the building facades visible from the street which complement the existing residential architecture in the district; and (b) shall be divided into smaller modules that are similar in size and scale to traditional single family houses in the district. 11. New non-single family structures with front building facades of 100 feet or more in width which are parallel with E. McCarty and Lafayette Streets or within 30 degrees of being parallel with this street shall incorporate the following design detail into the front building facades: (a) each module width shall not exceed 20 percent (20%) of the width of the front façade, and (b) each module shall be off-set from the front façade a minimum of five percent (5%) of the total width of the façade. 12. For the purposes of this section, “building height” shall be the vertical distance from the grade within ten (10) feet of the building to the (a) highest point of a flat roof; (b) the dock line of a mansard roof; or (c) the average height between eaves and ridge for gable, hip, and gambrel roofs, as averaged from around the building. Photo # 1: 602 E.McCarty St. Photo # 3: 608 E. McCarty St. Photo # 5: 612 E. McCarty St. Photo # 2: 606 E. McCarty St. Photo # 4: 610 E. McCarty St. Photo # 6: 616 E. McCarty St. Photo # 7: 618 E. McCarty St. Photo # 9: 622 E. McCarty St. Photo # 11: 408 Lafayette St. Photo # 8: 620 E. McCarty St. Photo # 10: 624 E. McCarty St. Photo # 12: 410 Lafayette St. Photo # 13: 412 Lafayette St. Photo # 15: 409 Lafayette St. Photo # 17: 623 School St. Photo # 14: 411 Lafayette St. Photo # 16: 407 Lafayette St Photo # 18: 621 School St. Photo # 19: 617 School St. Photo # 21: 620 School St. Photo # 23: 624 School St. Photo # 20: 615 School St. Photo # 22: 622 School St. Photo # 24: 626 School St. Photo # 25: 628 School St. Photo #27: 500 Lafayette St. Photo # 26: 630 School St. Historic Preservation Commission Meeting Date: July 12, 2022 407 Lafayette-New Porch Addition Motion: Approve the Building Permit for 407 Lafayette Street Eligible to Vote Aye Nay Abstain Present Absent Commissioner Donna Deetz, Chair Steven Hoffman Gail Jones Tiffany Patterson Alan Wheat, Vice Chair Brad Schafer Christine Boston Michael Berendzen Tie Votes: Chair Votes I certify the foregoing is a correct record of the Commissioners’ presence and votes. ________________________________ ___________________________ Donna Deetz Attest Chairperson Karlie Reinkemeyer City of Jefferson Department of Planning & Protective Services 320 E. McCarty Street Jefferson City, MO 65101 July 1, 2022 Missouri State Historic Preservation Office Attention: Review and Compliance P.O. Box 176 Jefferson City, Missouri 65102 Carrie Tercgin, Mayor Sonny Sanders, AICP, Director Phone: 573-634-6410 Fax: 573-634-6457 Re: Early Explorers Preschool LLC, 211 Oscar Drive, Jefferson City, MO, 65101, CDBG-CV Dear Compliance Officer: Enclosed please find a request for review pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended. Per your requirements, we have included the following information: • Section 106 Project Information Form • Topographic and/or city map that clearly marks the project area & defines the area of potential effects • Photographs of the project area that are not photocopied, are at least 3 x 5 inches, and clearly show the primary facade of the buildings and streetscape showing buildings along the project corridor. For your convenience, these have been provided in color. • Additional documentation (e.g. scope of work, bid, construction plans, site plans) to describe in detail the undertaking Check one of the following: ® The property is not listed in the National Register of Historic Places and does not appear to meet National Register criteria of eligibility. Therefore, we have determined that no historic properties will be affected by this undertaking. We request your concurrence. OR ❑ The property is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. We have applied the criteria of adverse effect and find that the proposed undertaking will have: ❑ no adverse effect ❑ an adverse effect on historic properties. We request your concurrence. I am aware the SHPO has 30 days upon receipt of adequate information to review and comment on the impact of this undertaking. 1 am also aware that if the initial Section 106 submission is not sufficient and additional information is requested, a second 30 -day review will begin upon SHPO's receipt of the additional information. Please contact me at (573) 634-6358 or astratmanajeffcitymo.org if you have comments or questions. Sincerely, 3TA&Q Sta'akwia,� Anne Stratman Neighborhood Services Specialist Enclosures Individuals should contact the ADA Coordinator at (573) 634-6570 to request accommodations or alternative formats as required under the Americans with Disabilities Act. Please allow three business days to process the request. MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE SECTION 106 PROJECT INFORMATION FORM Submission of a completed Project Information Form with adequate information and attachments constitutes Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (as amended). We reserve the right to request to the CHECKLIST on Page 2 to ensure that all basic information relevant to the project has been refer to our website at: http://www.dnr.state.mo.us/shpo and follow the links to Section 106 Review. a request for review pursuant to more information. Please refer included. For further information, Office from the date of receipt. NOTE: Section 106 regulations provide for a 30 -day response time by the Missouri State Historic Preservation PROJECT NAME Early Explorers Preschool LLC FEDERAL AGENCY PROVIDING FUNDS, LICENSE, OR PERMIT HUD Community Development Block Grant (Entitlement) APPLICANT City of Jefferson TELEPHONE 573-634-6410 CONTACT PERSON Anne Stratman, Neighborhood Services Specialist TELEPHONE 573-634-6358 ADDRESS FOR RESPONSE City of Jefferson Attn: Anne Stratman 320 E. McCarty Street Jefferson City, MO 65101 LOCATION OF PROJECT COUNTY: COLE STREET ADDRESS: 211 Oscar Drive CITY: Jefferson City GIVE LEGAL DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AREA (TOWNSHIP, RANGE, SEC] ION, '/. SECTION, ETC.) *USGS TOPOGRAPHIC MAP QUADRANGLE NAME Jefferson City Quadrangle YEAR: 1967-1974 TOWNSHIP: 44 RANGE:12 SECTION: 13 *SEE MAP REQUIREMENTS ON PAGE 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION • Describe the overall project in detail. If it involves excavation, indicate how wide; how deep, etc. If the project involves demolition of existing buildings, make that clear. If the project involves rehabilitation, describe the proposed work in detail. Use additional pages if necessary. The City of Jefferson is assisting local daycare facilities in the use of Community Development Block Grant CARES Act funds. Early Explorers Preschool is proposing to expand the current preschool classroom. The proposed expansion will include an addition to the preschool classroom and creating an indoor space. The building addition will include building three exterior walls and a roof. The concrete cutting and excavation is needed to pour a new footing to make the foundation stable. The proposed expansion will be approximately 576 square feet. This federally funded project is occurring on pre -disturbed land on the southwest side of the existing building, Oscar Drive street side, generally in the location of the existing fenced playground. It is important to note that the property owner has decided to conduct additional work outside of the grant funded project scope. The federally funded portion of the project is differentiated on Page 16 in the orange colored area; the non-federal project areas are yellow. Attached are supporting documents for the Early Explorers Preschool expansion at 211 Oscar Drive which include a topo map, photos, drawings of the proposed expansion and general notes. Clean fill will be contractually required. As a Dart of the or000sed oroiect a Tribal Directory Assessment Information search was conducted. Letters to the Tribes MO 780 1027 (09-02) ARCHAEOLOGY (Earthmoving Activities) Has the ground involved been graded, built on, borrowed, or otherwise disturbed? Yes • Please describe in detail: (Use additional pages, if necessary.) Photographs are helpful. Project area consists of an existing daycare. The expansion will occur in the location of the existing fenced playground. Please refer to the attached photos, drawings and general notes. x Will the project require fill material? Yes No • Indicate proposed borrow areas (source of fill material) on topographic map. Are you aware of archaeological sites on or adjacent to project area? Yes x No • If yes, identify them on the topographic map. STRUCTURES (Rehabilitation, Demolition, Additions to, or Construction near existing structures) To the best of your knowledge, is the structure located in any of the following? An Area Previously Surveyed for Historic Properties 0 A National Register District Q A Local Historic District If yes, please provide the name of the survey or district: The existing building was constructed in 1977 • Please provide photographs of all structures, see photography requirements. • NOTE: All photographs should be labeled and keyed to one map of the project area. • Please provide a brief history of the building(s), including construction dates and building uses. (Use additional pages, if necessary.) The current building use is a daycare, past building uses were office building and doctor office (psychology). ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS Map Requirements: Attach a copy of the relevant portion (8% x 11) of the current USGS 7.5 min. topographic map and, if necessary, a large scale project map. Please do not send an individual map with each structure or site. While an original map is preferable, a good copy is acceptable. USGS 7.5 min. topographic maps may be ordered from Geological Survey and Resource Assessment Division, Department of Natural Resources, 111 Fairground, Rolla, MO 65402, Tel: 573/368-2125, or printed from the website http:l/www. topozone.com. Photography Requirements: Clear black and white or color photographs (minimum 3" x 5") are acceptable. Polariods, photocopies, emailed, or faxed photographs are not acceptable. Good quality photographs are important for expeditious project review. Photographs of neighboring or nearby buildings are also helpful. All photographs should be labeled and keyed to one map of the project area. CHECKLIST: Did you provide the following information? X Topographic map 7.5 min. (per project, not structure) x other supporting documents (If necessary to explain the project) X Thorough description (all projects) X For new construction, rehabilitations, etc., attach work write-ups, plans, drawings, etc. x Photographs (all structures) x Is topographic map identified by quadrangle and year? Return this Form and Attachments to: MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE Attn: Section 106 Review P.O. BOX 176 JEFFERSON CITY, MISSOURI 65102 MO 780-027 (09-02) • 11 ! To ' .• • , , Helias igh •Sch , , •• •••• ... . Tn m un ity H.s•j.tal Water • d `'1 h 211 Oscar Drive HOUGH • • u H eights Sch thous rrq , • • • \\*- • • • •• L f l _. '. ... • . ' • • :r: r • r. O z • • • • Cole County Assessor Parcel Report Report Date: 5/13/2022 Parcel ID 1006130004002052 Property Details Property Address: 211 OSCAR DR JEFFERSON CITY, MO 65101 Owner: EARLY EXPLORERS PRESCHOOL L L C 211 OSCAR DR JEFFERSON CITY, MO 65101 Deed Book -Page Date: Section/Township/Range: {708-453 4/6/2020}, {708-453 04/06/2020}, {688-394 06/08/2018}, Property Description: 13/44/12 Acreage: 0.8 ac. School District: JC Year Built: Sq. Ft. (above grade): Fin. Bsmt Sz (sq. ft.): Land and Improvement Appraised Values Land (Ag): $0 Imp (Ag): $0 Land (Res): $0 Imp (Res): $0 Land $87000 Imp $132000 (Comm): (Comm): Date Certified: 2021 Appraised: $219000 CHRISTY ACRES SEC 1 PT LOT 1 SHOWN AS TRACT 1A ON SURVEY IN BK A PG 501 Parcel Notes: 146-817 259-368 262-884 278-93 Parcel data is for assessment purposes only. It is not a legal survey and does not purport to represent a property boundary survey of the parcels shown. It should not be used for conveyances or the establishment of property boundaries. PRbyWF IP The blue hatched area represents the proposed addition area. 1. Intersection of Christy & Oscar Drive 2. Streetscape picture of the intersection of Christy & Oscar Drive 3. View down Oscar Drive 4. Side view of 211 Oscar Drive 5. View from Oscar Drive 6. Side view of 211 Oscar Drive 7. Rear view of 211 Oscar Drive 8. Property located to the rear of 211 Oscar Drive 9. Property across the street from 211 Oscar Drive 10. Property located above 211 Oscar Drive. EARLY EXPLORERS PRESCHOOL EXPANSION 211 OSCAR DRIVE JEFFERSON CITY, MISSOURI 65101 DRAWING & GENERAL NOTES: 1. OWNER: Jennifer Moss, 211 Oscar Drive, Jefferson City, Missouri 65101, 573-301-1458, jensmoss80@gmail.com. 2. ARCHITECT: Renner Howell Architects, 4603 John Garry Drive, Suite 10, Columbia, Missouri 65203, 5731424- 8743, kerry@rennerhowell.com. 3. Mechanical, plumbing and electrical modifications provided by Malicoat Winslow Engineers, P.C., 5649 North Clearview Road, Columbia, Missouri 65202, 573-875-1300, fredm@mwencrs.com. 4. Civil Engineering, Simon & Struemph Engineering, 210 Park Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65203, 573-499-1944, ksimon@selectsse.com. 5. GENERAL SCOPE OF WORK: Construct a new 2 -story wood frame addition on the southwest side of the existing building, Oscar Drive street side, generally in the location of the existing fenced playground. The Lower (Grade) Level shall be slab on grade and include an 18' x 30' Pre -Kindergarten Classroom, a 34' x 30' Gymnasium Play Area with attached toilet, Laundry Room, and connecting corridors. The Upper (Main) Floor Level shall be 18' x 30', 3 -Year Old Classroom with a connecting corridor, pre-engineered floor joist and pre- engineered wood roof trusses. The total enclosed new floor space shall be approximately 2,585 square feet. The existing fenced in Playgrounds shall be relocated to the newly acquired property to the northeast. The larger Playground shall be approximately 2,000 square feet, and the smaller Playground shall be approximately 1,400 square feet. Both Playgrounds shall be connected to new minimum 40" wide concrete sidewalks from the existing building as indicated on the Site Plan. Playgrounds and sidewalks shall be completely fenced. Note that the ground surface in the playground areas shall be grass, mulch and or mats with natural drainage, no concrete or asphalt. The re shall be a minimum of 20 off-street pedestrian vehicle parking spaces, including a minimum of one accessible parking space near the bottom of the existing exterior ramp, near the northeast comer of the existing building. 6. BUILDING CODE: International Building Code 2015. 7. USE GROUP E: Educational Use. 8. TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION: V -B 9. BUILDING SIZE: Existing Building: 5,650 SF. Building Additions: 2,585 SF. Total: 8,235 SF, less than maximum: 9,500 SF for non -sprinkled V-13 Construction. 10. Contractor shall field verify all existing conditions, dimensions, elevations, quantities and conditions prior to executing any work or ordering construction materials. Notify Architect if actual conditions are not according to these Construction Documents. 11. Written dimensions take precedence over scaled dimensions. Plan dimensions noted are to finish face of finishes such as drywall, fiberglass panels, and sheathing unless noted otherwise. 12. Perform all work in accordance with State and City governing codes and ordinances. Perform work according to these Construction Documents and the City of Jefferson City; changes shall be approved in writing. 13. Perform all work in accordance with manufacturer's written installation instructions. 14. All construction labor and materials shall be according to industry standards and conform to the requirements of 2015 (or later) International Building Code, current Licensing Rules for Group Child Care Homes and Child Care Centers, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, and other applicable regulations of Jefferson City, State of Missouri and Federal Government including glazing standards. 15. Exterior stud wall framing shall generally be 2 x 6 wood studs at 16" o.c. Interior walls shall be minimum 2 x 4 wood studs at 16" o. c. Tall load -bearing walls shall have solid 2 x blocking at mid -point. New floor levels shall line with the existing floor levels, approximately 9'-2" floor to floor. Upper Floor Level roof framing, roof slope, eaves and overhang shall generally match the existing structure. Minimum exterior solid sheathing shall be 7116" OSB exterior sheathing with "Zip" weather resistant coating and taped joints or commercial building wrap. Drywall walls and ceilings shall be MR (moisture resistant) Type -X, 5/8" interior painted drywall. All bottom plates on stud walls shall be pressure treated ACQ or approved equal. Install minimum 1/2" diameter anchor bolts @ 4'-O" on center in bottom sill plates of and Simpson or approved equal joist hold-down clips each roof joist. 16. All framing lumber shall be minimum No. 2 grade fir, pine or other Architect approved equal. Miscellaneous beams, headers, girts and purlins shall have minimum 1200 psi, extreme fiber in bending. Do not splice structural members between supports. 17. ENGINEERED FRAMING COMPONENTS: Engineered beams, floor joists, and roof trusses shall comply with IBC 2015. Floor joist shall be spaces at 16" o.c. (or approved spacing) and roof trusses at 24" o.c. Engineered components shall be designed, supplied and installed according to manufacturer's recommendations including blocking, bridging, bracing and hurricane ties. Design of the floor and roof trusses shall be by professional engineer licensed in Missouri. Roof trusses shall be designed for minimum 20 PSF Basic design loads, as well as auxiliary and collateral loads, shall conform to 2015 International Building Code (or newer), local authorities governing building permits and as follows, complying with the more stringent requirements. Floor Live Load: Floor Dead Load: Floor Collateral Load: Roof Live Load: Roof Dead Load: Wall Dead Load: Basic Wind Load: Wind Uplift: Wind Exposure: Risk Category: Collateral Load: 40 PSF Minimum 10 PSF 5 PSF (Mechanical/Electrical) 20 PSF (ground snow load, not reducible) 5 PSF plus Primary Structural Actual Applicable Loads Minimum 90 MPH 20 PSF (UL -90) C 111, Schools, Group E 5 PSF (Mechanical/Electrical) 18. Poured -in -place concrete trenched footing / frost foundation walls shall bear on undisturbed, original site soil conditions; remove all topsoil in building area including sidewalks. Typical exterior trenched footings shall be minimum 24" wide by 36" deep with 345 horizontal bars continuous in bottom of trench, 344 horizontal bars continuous near top of wall, and #4 vertical toe bars at 24" on center. Insulate the face of the exterior foundation walls with 2 -inch thick by minimum 24 -inch deep rigid extruded polystyrene equal to Styrofoam SM. Reinforcing bars shall be Grade 60. Concrete details and clearances shall comply with current ACI 318, "Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete" and Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRS!), "Manual of Standard Practice." Note: All new footings shall bear on undisturbed soil. Foundation design assumes soil bearing capacity of 1,500 pounds per square foot. If Contractor encounters unfavorable soils conditions such as rubble or spongy, wet soil during excavations for footings and / or slabs, contact Architect to advise on alternate design such as installation of piers to undisturbed soil under footings. 19. Poured concrete floor slab shall be minimum 5" deep, with minimum #4 bars @ 18 -inches on center each way, over minimum 6 -mil poly, over minimum 4" deep compacted granular drainage fill. 20. All concrete shall have minimum 4000 psi compressive strength at 28 days. Use 4% - 6% air entraining admixture. Slump shall be not less than 1" and not more than 4". All reinforcing bars shall be Grade 60. 21. Roof slope and shingles shall generally match existing architectural shingles. Shingles shall be installed according to manufacturer's written recommendations. Eaves, valleys, hips and ridges shall be covered with polyethylene -sheet -backed rubberized asphalt membrane, 40 mils thick, similar to "Bituthene Ice & Water Shield" by W.R. Grace & Co. Underlayment shall be equal to Grace Tri-Flex high performance roofing underlayment. 22. Install continuous metal soffit vents with insect screens and slant -back style painted aluminum roof vents on back side of roof areas to comply with required attic ventilation. 23. Install metal fascia, roof edge drip trim, miscellaneous flashing, gutters and downspouts. Roofing and siding systems shall be complete and watertight. 24. Install full -thick cellulose in all new exterior walls or approved foamed in place insulation. Attics shall be insulated with minimum blown -in cellulose, minimum R-45, or approved foamed in place roof insulation at bottom fo the roof sheathing. Install minimum 6" sound batt insulation in floor joists between class rooms and 4" sound batt insualtion in interior walls between classrooms and gym. 25. Exterior doors shall insulated 18 -gauge galvanized painted steel in 16 -gauge galvanized painted steel frames. Tops of exterior doors shall be flush, sealed units. Doors shall be 36" wide, 84" high and 1.75" thick unless noted otherwise. 26. Fire -rated doors shall be 1.5 -hour B -Label metal doors and frames similar to panel door in existing stairwell. Interior doors shall generally match existing, similar doors and frames. Unless notes otherwise, doors shall be 36" wide, minimum 6'-8" high and 1.75" thick. 27. Door hardware shall be commercial duty, ball -bearing hinges and lever handle locksets keyed as directed by Owner. Exterior doors shall be fully weatherstripped with heavy-duty aluminum thresholds. Toilet doors shall have latchset locks, no locks. 28. Exterior windows shall be vinyl or aluminum commercial duty units, insulated tempered glass, with full weatherstripping. Installation, flashing and anchoring shall be according to manufacturer's recommendations. 29. Caulk joints around doors, windows and other exterior openings. Sealant shall be best grade by GE, Dow or Architect approved equal, and shall be recommended by manufacturer for the intended use. 30. Comply with current ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act). Install ADA items at the proper height and clearances and maintain clear floor areas as required. Provide and install all necessary toilet accessories for each new toilet as follows or approved equal: Mirror, Bobrick B-165-2436, 24" x 36" one piece bright polished channel frame W x 'Az" x W, No. 1 quality 1/4" float/plate glass guaranteed against silver spoilage for 10 years; Toilet Paper Holder, Bobrick B-2740 surface mounted, heavy duty; Grab Bars, Bobrick B-6206 Series, 1'/s" round, satin finish, 1%" wall clearance, concealed mounting, one 42" long and one 36" long, and one vertical 18" long (42" and 36" long to be mounted at 33" high above the floor, bottom of 18" vertical bar to be mounted at 40" high and 40" from back wall); Paper Towel Dispenser/ Waste Receptacle, Bobrick B-4369 Contura Series recessed; and Soap Dispenser, Bobrick B-4112 Contura Series 20 gauge 40 ounce capacity. Note: Items shall be commercial duty, equal to specified items or Owner approved items complying with accessible toilets. Install water closets 18" from side wall. Allow minimum 60" from sidewall of water closet to near edge of lavatory for side access to water closets. 31. All glazing shall comply with Federal Standards for safety. Install safety / tempered glass where required. 32. All electrical, plumbing and mechanical work shall comply with current Code requirements by skilled craftsman. Materials shall be installed according manufacturer's written recommendations. Install Code approved smoke detectors, and install exit lights with emergency lighting on doors as indicated on the Drawings. End of Notes Renner Howell Architects, 4603 John Garry Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65203 June 29, 2022 y _ JAN _-. ,AN i 4 Sn' UIlI. ITV A SEwc1n .161...0 .8A" SAN SAN --- S A14 -- s AN SO' WIDE INGRE SS/EGRESS EASEMENT I /4 A .c . —1--. r \-`` i 1 _ 4 • I 1 1 1 �� ZD' •1 _... •_g_1._.. 1,___\___ —,— \_ a .,' 6R>• — a i BOOK 4 ;-PA GE_3 A 11 061 _—_. • E, 42371'. .�C` — i 1 16 YA 1` 6. t �'\ ` was - S 42-136 '0 ,."r 17 1ST WTDE W ATER L 0,1 WIESS it _ 30, • C 51 _o'' -4 1,- [rITi-i} R 6 .V t L1 t4G 3 -1 W1 P GONG . _ F—XISTNG �!N L.EVEL. LA1,1 "= t'-cs" 'S - �'1 - 2oZ2 ti t ZiTO FFICCATE.r: c=4:-.•-- 2).17 • —241 rctC£i: CA '. .• c7'LI ,T fli n', 9r ot 40 Ntr4I'57J-i ! •t. G,r� 01 • J ti 0 _a !1 "0 1 / / 11 r,;! _1 (ur rs-K • <1i, •-: Le.VE... , '_L: Citv of Jefferson Department of Planning & Protective Services 320 E. McCarty Street Jefferson City, MO 65101 July 1,2022 Chairman Lyman Guy Apache Tribe of Oklahoma PO Box 1330 Anadarko, OK 73005 Carrie Tergin, Mayor Re: Building Expansion at 211 Oscar Drive, Jefferson City, Missouri Sonny Sanders, AICP, Director Phone: 573-634-6410 Fax: 573-634-6457 Dear Chairman Guy: Enclosed please find a request for review pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended. Enclosed is a Topo Map showing the proposed project area. The City of Jefferson is assisting local daycare facilities in the use of Community Development Block Grant CARES Act funds. Early Explorers Preschool is proposing to expand the current preschool classroom. The proposed expansion will include an addition to the preschool classroom and creating an indoor space. The building addition will include building three exterior walls and a roof. The concrete cutting and excavation is needed to pour a new footing to make the foundation stable. The proposed expansion will be approximately 576 square feet. The City has determined that the project will have no adverse effect on historic properties. Please review and comment on the impact of this undertaking by August 1, 2022. Should any significant changes be proposed to the location and/or scope of the proposed project, you will be notified in writing prior to the initiation of any construction activities for the opportunity to review and comment. Please contact me at 573-634-6410 or by e-mail at astratman©jeffersoncitymo.gov if you have any questions or require additional information. Thank you for your assistance. Sincerely, CKAA-e- Anne Stratman Neighborhood Services Specialist Encl. Individuals should contact the ADA Coordinator at (573) 634-6570 to request accommodations or alternative formats as required under the Americans with Disabilities Act. Please allow three business days to process the request. City of Jefferson Department of Planning 8 Protective Services 320 £ McCarty Street Jefferson City, MO 65101 July 1, 2022 Chief Douglas Lankford Miami Tribe of Oklahoma PO Box 1326 Miami, OK 74355 Carrie Terain, Mayor Re: Building Expansion at 211 Oscar Drive, Jefferson City, Missouri Dear Chief Lankford: Sonny Sanders, AICP, Director Phone: 573-634-6410 Fax: 573-634-6457 Enclosed please find a request for review pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended. Enclosed is a Topo Map showing the proposed project area. The City of Jefferson is assisting local daycare facilities in the use of Community Development Block Grant CARES Act funds. Early Explorers Preschool is proposing to expand the current preschool classroom. The . proposed expansion will include an addition to the preschool classroom and creating an indoor space. The building addition will include building three exterior walls and a roof. The concrete cutting and excavation is needed to pour a new footing to make the foundation stable. The proposed expansion will be approximately 576 square feet. The City has determined that the project will have no adverse effect on historic properties. Please review and comment on the impact of this undertaking by August 1, 2022. Should any significant changes be proposed to the location and/or scope of the proposed project, you will be notified in writing prior to the initiation of any construction activities for the opportunity to review and comment. Please contact me at 573-634-6410 or by e-mail at astratman©ieffersoncitymo.gov if you have any questions or require additional information. Thank you for your assistance. Sincerely, a\MA-e- �J\ A YA k -- Anne Stratman Neighborhood Services Specialist Encl. Individuals should contact the ADA Coordinator at (573) 634-6570 to request accommodations or altemative formats as required under the Americans with Disabilities Act. Please allow three business days to process the request. City of Jefferson Department of Planning & Protective Services 320 E McCarty Street Jefferson City, MO 65101 July 1, 2022 Principal Chief Geoffrey Standing Bear Osage Nation PO Box 779 Pawhuska, OK 74056 Carrie Tergin, Mayor Re: Building Expansion at 211 Oscar Drive, Jefferson City, Missouri Sonny Sanders, AICP, Director Phone: 573-634-6410 Fax: 573-634-6457 Dear Principal Chief Geoffrey Standing Bear: Enclosed please find a request for review pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended. Enclosed is a Topo Map showing the proposed project area. The City of Jefferson is assisting local daycare facilities in the use of Community Development Block Grant CARES Act funds. Early Explorers Preschool is proposing to expand the current preschool classroom. The proposed expansion will include an addition to the preschool classroom and creating an indoor space. The building addition will include building three exterior walls and a roof. The concrete cutting and excavation is needed to pour a new footing to make the foundation stable. The proposed expansion will be approximately 576 square feet. The City has determined that the project will have no adverse effect on historic properties. Please review and comment on the impact of this undertaking by August 1, 2022. Should any significant changes be proposed to the location and/or scope of the proposed project, you will be notified in writing prior to the initiation of any construction activities for the opportunity to review and comment. Please contact me at 573-634-6410 or by e-mail at astratman@ieffersoncitymo.gov if you have any questions or require additional information. Thank you for your assistance. Sincerely, ON.A&Z 3 1aM J Anne Stratman Neighborhood Services Specialist Encl. Individuals should contact the ADA Coordinator at (573) 634-6570 to request accommodations or alternative formats as required under the Americans with Disabilities Act. Please allow three business days to process the request. Citv of Jefferson Department of Planning & Protective Services 320 E. McCarty Street Jefferson City, MO 65101 July 1, 2022 Chief William Fisher Seneca -Cayuga Nation PO Box 453220 Grove, OK 74345-3220 Carrie Terain, Mayor Re: Building Expansion at 211 Oscar Drive, Jefferson City, Missouri Dear Chief William Fisher: Sonny Sanders, AICP, Director Phone: 573-634-6410 Fax: 573-634-6457 Enclosed please find a request for review pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended. Enclosed is a Topo Map showing the proposed project area. The City of Jefferson is assisting local daycare facilities in the use of Community Development Block Grant CARES Act funds. Early Explorers Preschool is proposing to expand the current preschool classroom. The proposed expansion will include an addition to the preschool classroom and creating an indoor space. The building addition will include building three exterior walls and a roof. The concrete cutting and excavation is needed to pour a new footing to make the foundation stable. The proposed expansion will be approximately 576 square feet. The City has determined that the project will have no adverse effect on historic properties. Please review and comment on the impact of this undertaking by August 1, 2022. Should any significant changes be proposed to the location and/or scope of the proposed project, you will be notified in writing prior to the initiation of any construction activities for the opportunity to review and comment. Please contact me at 573-634-6410 or by e-mail at astratman©ieffersoncitymo.gov if you have any questions or require additional information. Thank you for your assistance. Sincerely, aueLe. .5ky-arvyKodv-' Anne Stratman Neighborhood Services Specialist Encl. Individuals should contact the ADA Coordinator at (573) 634-6570 to request accommodations or alternative formats as required under the Americans with Disabilities Act. Please allow three business days to process the request. 6/30/22, 10:44 AM TDAT Tribal Directory Assessment Information Contact Information for Tribes with Interests in Cole County, Missouri Tribal Name County Name + Apache Tribe of Oklahoma Cole + Miami Tribe of Oklahoma Cole + Osage Nation Cole + Seneca -Cayuga Nation Cole 1-4of4results ( 1 ) » 10'1 https://egis.hud.gov/tdat/ 1/1 City of Jefferson Historic Preservation Commission Assessment Section 106 Review Contact Person/Address: Federal Agency Project: The City of Jefferson Historic Preservation Commission has reviewed the information submitted on the above referenced project. Based on this review, we have made the following determination: After review of initial submission, the project area has low potential for the occurrence of cultural resources. Adequate documentation has been provided. There will be “no historic properties affected” by the current project and is approved by this commission Property is designated a landmark by the City of Jefferson and/or listed within the National Register Listing. There will be an “adverse effect” by the current project and is not approved by this commission. Property is designated a landmark and/or listed within the National Register Listing. There will be a “no adverse effect” by the current project is approved by this commission. If you have any questions, please write City of Jefferson, Planning and Protective Services, Attn: Anne Stratman, Neighborhood Services Specialist, 320 E McCarty St, Jefferson City, MO, 65101, astratman@jeffersoncitymo.org or call 573-634-6410. By: _________________________________________________ Date:___________________ Historic Preservation Commission Representative Community Development Block Grant - Entitlement Anne Stratman City Hall, 320 E McCarty St Jefferson City, MO 65101 The City of Jefferson is assisting local daycare facilities in the use of Community Development Block Grant CARES Act funds. Early Explorers Preschool, 211 Oscar Drive, is proposing to expand the current preschool classroom. The proposed expansion will include an addition to the preschool classroom and creating an indoor space. The building addition will include building three exterior walls and a roof. The concrete cutting and excavation is needed to pour a new footing to make the foundation stable. The proposed expansion will be approximately 576 square feet. Historic Preservation Commission Meeting Date: July 12, 2022 Section 106- Early Explorers Preschool Motion: Adequate documentation has been provided. There will be “no historic properties affected” by the current project and is approved by this commission. Eligible to Vote Aye Nay Abstain Present Absent Commissioner Donna Deetz, Chair Steven Hoffman Gail Jones Tiffany Patterson Alan Wheat, Vice Chair Brad Schafer Christine Boston Michael Berendzen Tie Votes: Chair Votes I certify the foregoing is a correct record of the Commissioners’ presence and votes. ________________________________ ___________________________ Donna Deetz Attest Chairperson Karlie Reinkemeyer From: Senzee. Rachel To: Guest. Jenny Cc: Reinkemeyer. Karlie Subject Re: Invitation to Comment Date: Wednesday, June 15, 2022 10:58:51 AM Attachments: jmage001.png jmageool.ong peLorme 2-D Map Document.pdf Thank you. I will bring this in front of the Historic Preservation Commission. The next meeting is July 12 at 6 pm. Rachel Sent from my iPhone On Jun 15, 2022, at 9:53 AM, Guest, Jenny <Jenny.Guest@terracon.com> wrote: Ms. Rachel Senzee Neighborhood Services Specialist Historic Preservation Commission City of Jefferson 320 East McCarty Street Jefferson City, Missouri 65101 573-634-6546 rsenzee@jeffcitymo.org RE: Invitation to Comment as a Consulting Party on a Proposed Communications Project Site Name: Capitol Building Terracon Project Number: 57227156 Address: 200 Madison Street City, County, State: Jefferson City, Cole County, Missouri 65101 Lat!Long: 38° 34' 37.5" North and 92° 10' 13.1" West Existing Structure Height: 122 -feet Collocation Height: 122 -feet Project Type: Building Side -Mounted Collocation To Whom It May Concern: On behalf of Cellco Partnership and its controlled affiliates doing business as Verizon Wireless (Verizon Wireless), Terracon is writing to invite your comment on the effect of the above -referenced project on historic resources within the project's Area of Potential Effects (APE). We are requesting your review pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's regulation for compliance with Section 106, and the Nationwide Programmatic Agreement on the Collocation of Wireless Antennas (adopted March 16, 2001), and the Nationwide Programmatic Agreement effective March 7, 2005. Field assessment for both historic properties and archaeological sites will be conducted and a determination will be made of the project's direct and indirect effects on eligible properties. Consulting parties are invited to provide information concerning historic or archaeological properties already listed in the National Register or that could be eligible for listing in the National Register. We welcome your comments regarding the effect of the tower on historic resources that may be eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. If you would like to comment, please respond to this letter within 30 days of its receipt. Thank you for your response on this matter. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to call. If you wish to respond by email, I may be reached at Jenny.Guest@terracon.com and 502-365-9702. Jenny Guest Project Manager I I Environmental Telecom Sector Lead 13050 Eastgate Park Way Suite 101 I Louisville, KY 40223 D (502) 365 9702 I F (502) 4561278 I M (502) 376 5421 jenny.guest(terracon.com I terracon.com Terracon provides environmental, facilities, geotechnical, and materials consulting engineering services delivered with responsiveness, resourcefulness, and reliability. Private and confidential as detailed here (www.terracon.com/disclaimer). If you cannot access the hyperlink, please e-mail sender. Topo North America™ 9 Data use subject to license. © DeLorme. Topo North America™ 9. www.delorme.com TN MN (0.7°W) 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 0 120 240 360 480 600 ft m Scale 1 : 14,400 1" = 1,200.0 ft Data Zoom 13-7 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service 1 National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional certification comments, entries, and narrative items on continuation sheets if needed (NPS Form 10-900a). 1. Name of Property Historic name Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District Other names/site number Missouri State Prison (MSP) Name of related Multiple Property Listing N/A 2. Location Street & number 115 Lafayette Street N/A not for publication City or town Jefferson City N/A vicinity State Missouri Code MO County Cole Code 051 Zip code 65101 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this nomination _ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property _ meets _ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance: national statewide local Applicable National Register Criteria: A B C D Signature of certifying official/Title Date Missouri Department of Natural Resources State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register criteria. Signature of commenting official Date Title State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government 4. National Park Service Certification I hereby certify that this property is: entered in the National Register determined eligible for the National Register determined not eligible for the National Register removed from the National Register other (explain:) _________________ Signature of the Keeper Date of Action United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Name of Property County and State 2 5. Classification Ownership of Property (Check as many boxes as apply.) Category of Property (Check only one box.) Number of Resources within Property (Do not include previously listed resources in the count.) Contributing Noncontributing private building(s) 10 2 buildings X public - Local X district 2 1 sites X public - State site 2 1 structures public - Federal structure 0 0 objects object 14 4 Total Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register N/A 6. Function or Use Historic Functions (Enter categories from instructions.) Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions.) Government/Correctional Facility Cultural Site/Museum Work in Progress 7. Description Architectural Classification (Enter categories from instructions.) Materials (Enter categories from instructions.) Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals foundation: Limestone walls: Limestone Brick roof: Synthetic: Rubber, Asphalt other: Concrete X NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION ON CONTINUTATION PAGES United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Name of Property County and State 8. Statement of Significance Applicable National Register Criteria (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register listing.) X A Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. B Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. X C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Criteria Considerations (Mark "x" in all the boxes that apply.) Property is: A Owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes. B removed from its original location. C a birthplace or grave. D a cemetery. E a reconstructed building, object, or structure. F a commemorative property. G less than 50 years old or achieving significance within the past 50 years. X STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE ON CONTINUTATION PAGES Areas of Significance Architecture Law Period of Significance 1868-1963 Significant Dates 1868, 1905, 1918, 1938, 1954 Significant Person (Complete only if Criterion B is marked above.) N/A Cultural Affiliation N/A Architect/Builder Swift, Horace (Architect/MSP Warden) Eckel & Mann (Architects) Hohenschild, Henry H. (Architect) 9. Major Bibliographical References Bibliography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form.) Previous documentation on file (NPS): Primary location of additional data: preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67 has been X State Historic Preservation Office requested) Other State agency previously listed in the National Register Federal agency X previously determined eligible by the National Register Local government designated a National Historic Landmark University recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey #____________ Other recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # __________ Name of repository: recorded by Historic American Landscape Survey # ___________ Historic Resources Survey Number (if assigned): _____________________________________________________________________ United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District Cole County, Missouri Name of Property County and State 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property 28.91 Latitude/Longitude Coordinates Datum if other than WGS84:__________ (enter coordinates to 6 decimal places) 1 38.574866 -92.160630 3 38.570702 -92.160940 Latitude: Longitude: Latitude: Longitude: 2 38.572469 -92.163396 4 38.573527 -92.157649 Latitude: Longitude: Latitude: Longitude: UTM References (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet.) NAD 1927 or NAD 1983 1 3 Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing 2 4 Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing Verbal Boundary Description (On continuation sheet) Boundary Justification (On continuation sheet) 11. Form Prepared By name/title Chris Koenig, original author, 2008; Revised by Camilla Deiber, 2015; Revised by Rachel Senzee 2022 organization City of Jefferson date 7/5/2022 street & number 320 E. McCarty telephone 573-634-6305 city or town Jefferson City state MO zip code 65101 e-mail rsenzee@jeffersoncitymo.gov Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: • Maps: o A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. o A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Key all photographs to this map. • Continuation Sheets • Photographs • Owner Name and Contact Information • Additional items: (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items.) Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.460 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18 hours per response including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Office of Planning and Performance Management. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1849 C. Street, NW, Washington, DC. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District Cole County, Missouri Name of Property County and State Photographs Submit clear and descriptive photographs. The size of each image must be 1600x1200 pixels (minimum), 3000x2000 preferred, at 300 ppi (pixels per inch) or larger. Key all photographs to the sketch map. Each photograph must be numbered and that number must correspond to the photograph number on the photo log. For simplicity, the name of the photographer, photo date, etc. may be listed once on the photograph log and doesn’t need to be labeled on every photograph. Photo Log: Name of Property: Missouri State Penitentiary City or Vicinity: Jefferson City County: Cole State: Missouri Photographer: Rachel Senzee Date Photographed: Description of Photograph(s) and number, include description of view indicating direction of camera: 1 of 26: Overview of Missouri State Penitentiary, View Northwest 2 of 26: Northwest and Southwest Elevations of Housing Unit 4, View East 3 of 26: Interior View of Housing Unit 4, View Southeast 4 of 26: Interior View of first Floor Cell in Housing Unit 4, View Southwest 5 of 26: East and Northeast Elevations of Sullivan saddle tree Factory Building, View West 6 of 26: Southeast and Northeast Elevations of Priesmeyer’s Shoe factory Building, View West 7 of 26: Northwest and West Elevations of Housing Unit 1, View South 8 of 26: Interior View of Main Control Center of Housing Unit 1, View West-Northwest 9 of 26: Northeast and Northwest Elevations of Housing Unit 3, View South 10 of 26: Interior View, Atrium of Housing Unit 3, View Southwest 11 of 26: Interior View, Cell Block of Housing Unit 3, View Northwest 12 of 26: Southeast and Southwest Elevation of Gas Chamber, View North 13 of 26: Interior View of Gas Chamber, View Southeast 14 of 26: Southeast and Southwest Elevation of Housing Unit 2, View North 15 of 26: Northeast and Southeast Elevation of Housing Unit 5, View West 16 of 26: Southwest Elevation of Corridor, View North 17 of 26: Northeast and Southeast Elevation of Central Clothing and School Building, View West 18 of 26: Northeast and Southeast Elevation of Gymnasium, View South 19 of 26: View South of Quadrangle 20 of 26: View Northeast of Former Factory Area 21 of 26: View East of Stone Sidewalk 22 of 26: Northwest Elevation of 1869 Boundary Wall, View South 23 of 26: Southeast Elevation of Boundary Wall Along Chestnut Street, View North 24 of 26: View North of Tower 10 25 of 26: View Northwest of Tower 6 26 of 26: Centennial Cells, View Southwest United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District Cole County, Missouri Name of Property County and State Figure Log: Include figures on continuation pages at the end of the nomination. Figure 1 of 22: Location of Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District (MidMOGIS 2022) Figure 2 of 22: Coordinates Map of Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District (MidMOGIS 2022) Figure 3 of 22: Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District (ESRI ArcMap 2022) Figure 4 of 22: Historic District Photo Map (ESRI ArcMap 2022) Figure 5 of 22: Damage to Tower 3 and Factory (Former Priesmeyer Boot Factory) from 1954 Riot (MSP Collection, Missouri State Archives) Figure 6 of 22: Bird’s-eye View of Quadrangle in 1954 (MSP Collection, Missouri State Archives) Figure 7 of 22: Haviland Plan for Missouri State Penitentiary (Baigell 1965) Figure 8 of 22: Inmates Marching on Grounds, 1900-1905, A-Hall in Background (MSP Collection, Missouri State Archives) Figure 9 of 22: Interior of A-Hall, 1920 (MSP Collection, Missouri State Archives) Figure 10 of 22: Bird’s-eye View of Jefferson City, Close-up of Prison (Library of Congress) Figure 11 of 22: Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Missouri State Penitentiary, 1885 (Sanborn Fire Insurance Co.) Figure 12 of 22: Postcard Showing Four-Story Dining Hall, ca. 1900 (MSP Collection, Missouri State Archives) Figure 13 of 22: Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Missouri State Penitentiary, 1892 (Sanborn Fire Insurance Co.) Figure 14 of 22: View of Grounds East of the Prison, ca. 1900 (MSP Collection, Missouri State Archives) Figure 15 of 22: Postcard View of Housing Unit 1, 1910 (Summers Collection, Missouri State Archives) Figure 16 of 22: Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Missouri State Penitentiary, 1908 (Sanborn Fire Insurance Co.) Figure 17 of 22: Photograph Showing Construction of Housing Unit 3, May 1, 1916 (Schreiber 2011:5) Figure 18 of 22: Aerial View of Missouri State Penitentiary Showing New Factory Area and Wall, ca. 1933 (MSP Collection, Missouri State Archives) Figure 19 of 22: Stone Arch Gate at Corner of Lafayette and Water Streets, ca. 1935 (MSP Collection, Missouri State Archives) Figure 20 of 22: Aerial View of Missouri State Penitentiary Grounds After PWA Construction, Undated (MSP Collection, Missouri State Archives) Figure 21 of 22: Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Missouri State Penitentiary, 1939 (Sanborn Fire Insurance Co.) Figure 22 of 22: Aerial View of Missouri State Penitentiary After 1954 Riot (MSP Collection, Missouri State Archives) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District Cole County, Missouri Name of Property County and State NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 1 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) SUMMARY The Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District is a state-owned complex sited on a bluff overlooking the Missouri River (Figures 1 and 2). The district is located at 115 Lafayette Street just east of downtown Jefferson City, Cole County, Missouri. The buildings, structures, and sites in the Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District reflect the National Auburn Penal System, the state prison “contract system,” and penal architecture constructed with local materials by inmate labor. The limestone buildings and high stone wall present a fortress-like appearance. The primary contributing resources include five housing units, the 1938 corridor, the former J.S. Sullivan Saddle Tree factory, Priesmeyer’s Boot and Shoe Factory, the gas chamber, the gymnasium, the unearthed Centennial Cells, and the boundary wall surrounding the central quadrangle (Table 1, Figures 3 and 4). The architecture of the buildings in the district has High Victorian Gothic and Gothic Revival elements and shares common traits with penal architecture of the time period. The buildings and structures in the district relate to each other through the predominant use of limestone, quarried on-site and dressed by inmate labor. The limestone is rock-faced cut stone, laid out in courses of standard height, though the block length varies. The district is also unified by one structure, the boundary wall, which ties all the building together visually and functionally. The oldest building in the district, Housing Unit 4, was constructed in 1868; the most recent building in the district is the Gymnasium, which was constructed in 1964. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 2 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) Table 1. Resources in the Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District (Figure 3) No. Resource Name Resource Type Contributing Status Date Constructed 1 Housing Unit 4 Building Contributing 1868 2 J.S. Sullivan Saddle Tree Factory Building Building Contributing 1892 3 Priesmeyer’s Boot and Shoe Factory Building Contributing 1889 4 Housing Unit 1 Building Contributing 1905 5 Housing Unit 3 Building Contributing 1914-1918 6 Gas Chamber Building Contributing 1937 7 Housing Unit 2 Building Contributing 1938 8 Housing Unit 5 Building Contributing 1938 9 Corridor Building Contributing 1938 10 Central Clothing and School Building Building Non-Contributing 1957 11 Gymnasium Building Contributing 1964 12 Quadrangle Site Contributing 1890-1964 13 Former Hobby Craft Building Site Non-contributing 1968 14 Former Factory Area Site Non-contributing 2014 15 Parking Lot Structure Non-contributing 2005 16 Stone Sidewalk Structure Contributing 1940 17 Boundary Wall Structure Contributing 1885-ca. 1927 18 Centennial Cells Site Contributing ca. 1876 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 3 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) DESCRIPTION Setting The Missouri State Penitentiary (MSP) was constructed in 1836 on the outskirts of the fledgling capital on a high bluff overlooking the Missouri River. Today, the area consists of nineteenth-century residential structures to the west and south. The Christopher S. Bond U.S. Courthouse is located across Lafayette Street, and several other State buildings are located to the east at the base of the bluff and on the bluff top. Many of the residences in the area are large mansions of the early businessmen who owned factories at the prison. The penitentiary encompasses over four city blocks from Lafayette Street to Chestnut Street and from E. Capitol Avenue to the Missouri River. Capitol Avenue runs east-west and terminates at the State Capitol Building. The stone wall of the penitentiary is set back along the streets approximately 30 feet, allowing rom for sidewalks, and set back from 200 to 300 feet along the Missouri River. The Missouri Pacific Railroad runs between the river and the penitentiary. The penitentiary is a complex of buildings of roughly 47 acres within its walls and an additional 100 acres adjacent to the east perimeter wall. The original main entrance to the penitentiary is located near the intersection of Lafayette and State streets. The entrance to the penitentiary passes through the former portcullis of Housing Unit 1, which leads into an open area enclosed by Housing Units 1, 3, and 4. Buildings and structures important to the functioning of the walled prison such as the power plant, slaughterhouse, lumberyard, and the neighboring women’s prison (all non-extant) were located outside the prison walls. The Complex Today (Photograph 1, Figures 2 and 3) Today, the Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District encompasses an area the size of four city blocks (Photograph 1). The district is comprised of two distinct areas within the limestone boundary wall: the housing area/upper recreation yard and the factory area/lower recreation yard. As indicated by their names, the factory area/lower recreation yard is situated at the bottom of a moderate hill while the housing area/upper recreation yard sits at the top of the slope. These two areas are divided by a pre-1885 limestone wall topped with chain-link fence with razor wire. Access between these two areas is limited to openings in the center and on the east end of the fence. The central access point was patrolled by a guard tower, built ca. 1970, and a chain-link gate. A long, sloping drive is flanked by a chain-link fence and runs from this gate down to a second gate at the bottom of the hill. A simple chain-link gate comprises the opening on the east end of the fence. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 4 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) The housing area is set at the top of the slope along Lafayette Street and is accessed through the main entrance of Housing Unit 1, which served as the main entrance to the prison from 1905 to the 1930s. The housing area features four additional housing units from all major building eras, including Housing Unit 1 (1868), Housing Unit 3 (1914 to 1918), and Housing Units 2 and 5 from the Public Works Administration (PWA) era in the 1930s. The Centennial Cells (ca. 1876) archaeological site is located between Housing Unit 3 and Housing Unit 5. The nine-cell ruin is believed to be an old cell block of a former housing unit, known as Centennial Hall, and was uncovered by archaeologists in 2019. The housing units are set perpendicular to Lafayette Street and arranged around a central quadrangle that has a flagpole, a modern M-shaped structure, and several stone pillars. A second open area with sidewalks and a drive is situated between Housing Units 4 and 5. A driveway runs along the north, west, and south sides of the quadrangle connecting to an east/west driveway located on the north side of the fence that divides the upper and lower yard. Factories and recreational buildings are located on the east and west sides of this central housing area. The J.S. Sullivan Saddle Tree Factory, built in 1892, is situated between Housing Unit 5 and the eastern boundary wall. The area to the west of Housing Unit 2 contains the Priesmeyer’s Boot and Shoe Factory, built ca. 1889, the gymnasium, and the site of the former hobby craft building. A large paved parking lot occupies the southern half of this area. A collapsed section of the boundary wall at this location provides direct access to this area from Capitol Avenue. The lower yard/factory area is separated into two areas by a chain-link fence. The area to the east once housed numerous factories, but were demolished in 2015. Paved driveways reveal the locations of former buildings. An approximately six-foot-high retaining wall runs along the northern edge of the former factory area. The gas chamber is located just inside the fence of the factory area in the southwest corner and stands as a reminder of that chapter in the prison’s history. The western side of the lower yard is dominated by a large paved parking lot that is guarded by a mobile guard station. A set of concrete steps and a brick and stone walkway leads from the upper yard drive to an asphalt driveway for the gas chamber. Remnants of the quarry used to construct many of the buildings, which consists of stepped areas of stone, are located in the northwest corner of this area. The penitentiary complex is enclosed by a limestone boundary wall on the east, south, west sides, and the western half of the north side. A long, narrow building, called the Corridor, connects Housing Units 1 and 5 and also serves to enclose the northeast side of the complex. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 5 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) On May 22, 2019, an EF-3 tornado directly struck the penitentiary causing damage to many buildings, including total destruction of the Hobby Craft Building and the partial collapse of the prison wall on the northeast boundary. INDIVIDUAL RESOURCE DESCRIPTIONS (Figure 3) 1. Housing Unit 4 (A-Hall), 1868 Contributing Building (Photographs 2-4) This four-story housing unit, measuring 200 feet long by 60 feet wide, was constructed in 1868 from limestone quarried on site. The High Victorian Gothic style unit is located on the northeast side of the quadrangle. The building, three bays wide on the northwest façade and southeast elevation and 18 bays long on the side elevations, is constructed into the side of a moderately sloping hill, leaving the basement level wall exposed on the southeast side. The structure has a limestone foundation, rock-faced limestone walls, and a gabled roof with an evenly coursed parapet (Photograph 2). The foundation walls are larger rock-faced limestone blocks. Each story has a narrow, rubbed finish, limestone belt course that also serves as the sill for the numerous windows on each façade. The limestone coursing in the upper stories is set in a regular course with larger stones at the lower courses and smaller stones in the upper courses, a standard and logical treatment of the stone. The northwest façade and southeast elevation are nearly identical with central pavilion flanked by fenestrated bays and a shaped parapet at the roofline. Stone pilasters delineate the central pavilion and rise above the gables roof, forming the center of the shaped parapet. A simple stone cornice ties the two pilasters together slightly above the roofline, forming the central portion of the parapet. The stone cornice slants downward on either side of the pilasters and is capped by several courses of brick that were installed to stabilize the deteriorating stone. The central pavilion on the northwest façade features a round-arched entry topped by a two-story round-arched window that lights the building’s central hall. A heavy steel grate with a single, steel hinged door protects a pair of half-light wood doors that serve as the main entrance on the northwest façade. Plywood covers the transom of the door and the round arch opening above. Five courses of rubbed stone and a large limestone plaque are set between the entrance and the two-story window. Coursework on either side of the round arch window features large, rubbed-finish blocks set every fourth course, creating a banded effect, an influence of the High Victorian Gothic style. The fenestrated bays are recessed between the central pavilion and corner stone pilasters and have round arch NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 6 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) windows with rubbed stone sills, voussoirs, and keystones on all floors. The roofline of the fenestrated bays also features simple slanted cornices topped with several courses of red brick. On the northwest façade, windows on the first floor of the outer bays are 24-pane steel windows while windows in the upper floors of the outer bays are fixed, single pane. The two-story window in the central bay of the northwest façade and southeast elevation have fixed steel sash with two and four panes. Upper-floor windows in the outer bays of the southeast façade have 18-pane steel windows. The pavilion on the southeast façade has the same round arch window in the upper floors, a second-round arch window on the first two floors and a smaller segmental arch entrance into the basement level flanked by segmental arch windows. The round arch window on the first floor has been converted into an entrance with a central steel, half-light door surrounded by concrete block infill. The entrance is protected by steel bars and a hinged, steel door. A steel balcony with an L-shaped ladder hanging underneath provides the only access to this door. The basement-level steel door has a single square, wired window and is protected by a heavy iron gate. Stone used in the arches at the basement level are rock faced. The fenestrated bays have narrow, round-arch windows on all four floors. The northeast and southwest facades are identical, each with 18 fenestrated bays. Each bay has a 24-pane steel window with a lintel of rubbed-finish limestone carved to simulate a pair of arches, reinforcing the High Victorian Gothic stylistic influence. Five oculus openings are evenly spaced across the 18 fenestrated bays and set above and between the windows. Interior (Photographs 3-4) The exterior reflects the spatial arrangement of the interior with a large central hall flanked by four levels of cells. The double door entrance leads into a small wood-frame vestibule constructed ca. 1950. A guard room with a fixed window looks on to the entrance. A ca. 2000 swinging wood door leads from the vestibule to the central hall, which is open to the roof and spans the entire length of the building (Photograph 3). Three levels of cantilevered concrete catwalks with steel pipe railings rise on either side of the central hall. Transverse steel catwalks span the center section, connecting the concrete catwalks at each level. Stairwells in the corners of the building provide access to 36 cells on each level, 18 rooms per side. Each cell is accessed by a narrow six-foot high mechanically controlled steel door. Each cell measures nine feet wide by thirteen feed deep with a tile floor and vaulted ceiling (Photograph 4). The walls are skimmed with plaster and were originally painted. Much of the paint has been scraped and a thin coat of sealant has been applied to encapsulate any loose lead paint. Most cells had a sink and toilet, but only a few retain those fixtures. A NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 7 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) single metal, multi-pane window provides light and ventilation to each cell. A single fluorescent light is attached to the ceiling of most cells. The exposed, central section of the roof reveals a simple wood flat truss and beam system. Twelve simple wood flat trusses support sandwiched wood beams with angled braces. Sandwiched wood roof rafters support a solid wood underlayment. The basement is accessed by a concrete staircase in the south end of the central hall. The broad staircase leads directly into a large shower room with a concrete floor and concrete block walls. A single doorway on the north side of the shower room leads to a narrow hallway with a concrete floor and stone walls. This hallway follows the perimeter of the shower room and provides access to eight solitary confinement cells. Each cell retains their original 4-foot cast iron doors. The building has undergone several changes since its construction. The roof was replaced in the 1920s by inmate labor after the original stove heater burned the tar roof. The roof was again replaced in 2021 after it was torn off the building in the 2019 tornado. All original window sashes in the cells have been replaces as needed with multi-pane steel sash. Indoor plumbing, heating, and electricity were installed in the 1930s and 1940s during a modernization campaign. The original cast iron catwalk floors were filled in with concrete sometime during the twentieth century. The transverse iron catwalks were added in the 1980s. 2. J.S. Sullivan Saddle Tree Factory Building, 1892, Contributing Building (Photograph 5) The J.S. Sullivan Saddle Tree Factory building is located on the northeastern edge of the penitentiary complex. This three-story brick vernacular building is rectangular in shape, approximately 230 feet long and 45 feet wide, and has several small original extensions on its northeast and southwest elevations. The building has a brick foundation, American bond brick walls, and a flat roof with a corbelled brick parapet. Segmental arch windows have stone sills and combination fixed and hopper steel windows. The southeast elevation originally had four fenestrated bays with segmental arch windows. The windows at the basement level are half the height of the upper story windows. Three out of the four windows at this level have been enclosed with brick. Windows in the central two bays of the upper stories have been enclosed with brick with the exception of a small vent opening that remains on the third floor. An exterior metal flue has been installed in the other downsized window. A metal star tie rod is situated in the center of the third floor between the two central windows. All the windows on this façade have steel hopper sash. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 8 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) The southwest façade has 18 fenestrated bays and two original extensions, one of which has no window openings. The southernmost section of the façade originally had five fenestrated bays, three of which have been enclosed with brick. The central section of the façade, situated between the two extensions, originally had five fenestrated bays, three of which have been enclosed with brick. A solid wall in central section extends above the roofline, indicating the possible location of an elevator on the interior. The remaining windows in both these sections have steel hopper sashes. The second extension has two fenestrated bays that each contains a steel hopper window. Approximately half of the window openings on this elevation have been enclosed or drastically downsized to house louvered vents. The northernmost section of the façade has three late twentieth-century openings: a conventional doorway, a loading dock with an oversized door, and a double door on the second floor. Two out of the three fenestrated bays that complete the façade have been enclosed. The northwest corner of the building has a square brick tower with brick corbelling on the second and third stories. This tower occupies one of the four bays of the northwest façade. The remaining three bays were originally fenestrated with segmental arch windows. Windows in the central bay have since been enclosed with brick. Multi-pane steel hopper sashes occupy the remaining window openings. The northeast elevation is located at the bottom of a side slope, exposing the full height of the basement walls. The 18 fenestrated bays of the northeast elevation are punctuated by a one-story projection and a three-story addition in the center of the elevation. Windows on the second story are shorter than those at the basement level and first story. The third- story windows are half the height of the first-story windows. A basement-level, double- door entrance is located on the south end of the elevation. A second, single-leaf door is situated next to the one-story extension. Six built-in gutters with metal downspouts are spaced evenly across the façade. Access to the interior was not feasible due to unsafe conditions. 3. Priesmeyer’s Boot and Shoe Factory, c. 1885, Contributing Building (Photograph 6) The Priesmeyer Boot and Shoe Factory was constructed c. 1885 as a two-story brick structure. The building, located in the western corner of the complex, was badly burned during the riot of 1954 and lost the second story cutting room as a result. The current one- story story structure is six bays wide and 18 bays long, measures 185 feet x 60 feet, and has NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 9 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) a brick foundation, brick walls laid in American bond, segmental-arch window openings, and a flat roof clad with rubber membrane. The flat roof extends beyond the plane of the facades, creating a shallow eave. The north façade has a central entrance bay containing a half-light door flanked by fenestrated bays with segmental-arch windows that have been significantly filled in. A segmental-arch door hood of corbelled brick indicates that the original doorway was also downsized. Two rowlock courses form the segmental arch window lintels. The bottom half of the windows have been enclosed with concrete block but the original stone sills remain. The remaining openings have been further downsized with plywood leaving a small square fixed window. Iron bars cover all the windows. The south elevation has six fenestrated bays that contain segmental-arch openings that have been downsized in the same manner with concrete block. Two openings in the west half of the elevation have been completely enclosed. The east elevation features a two-bay extension in the center with two segmental-arch windows that are shorter than the remaining windows on the façade. Eight fenestrated bays are situated on either side of the extension. Windows on this façade have been downsized with the same materials as the north and south elevations. Some of the stone sills are severely deteriorated, and a few were removed when the window was partially enclosed with concrete block. Several areas of the brick wall are severely deteriorated. The west elevation has 18 evenly spaced windows that have all been downsized in a similar fashion with concrete block and plywood. Interior The interior of the factory is open with no partitions. A single door on the north façade provides access to the space. Two rows of eight cast-iron columns support large steel beams. The beams support a vaulted concrete ceiling, constructed in 1954, as part of the renovation of the fire-damaged structure. The floor is concrete. Late twentieth-century fluorescent lighting hangs from the ceiling. Small pendant lights also hang from the ceiling throughout the space. 4. Housing Unit 1, 1905, Contributing Building, Architect: Eckel & Mann (Photographs 7-8) Housing Unit 1 is located on the northeast side of the intersection of State and Lafayette streets (Photograph 7). The façade faces northwest and the rear faces the quadrangle to the southeast. It is rectangular in shape. The three-story High Victorian Gothic style building has a C-shaped plan that measures approximately 50x150 feet. Constructed of limestone NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 10 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) quarried on-site by inmates, the building is a hipped-roof structure with a central, square tower and two gable-front wings. Slender turrets with loopholes anchor the corners of the building and the central tower. The roof is clad with asphalt singles that resemble slate. The northwest façade is symmetrical. Three pointed arches, two of which have been enclosed, mark the main entrance to the building. A PWA-era entrance, which was attached to the building at this location, was recently removed. Simplified cinquefoil motifs embellish the spaces above the arches. Stone pilasters with carved pointed-arch panels separate the arches. The two outside arches are surmounted by carved stone plaques that read “Female Department” and “He who converteth a sinner from the error of his way shall save a soul from death: James-5-20. Inscribed by order of Frederick D. Gardner, Governor, 1917 – 1920.” A third plaque with the names of the governor of Missouri from 1901 to 1905, A.M. Dockery; the Warden, F.M. Woodridge; and the inspectors, R.P. Williams, A.O. Allen, and E.D Crow is situated above the central arch. A limestone bust of Governor Dockery sits immediately above the center plaque. The square central tower rises three stories above this arrangement with an arcade of pointed arches on the first story surmounted by a stone plaque that reads, “Missouri State Penitentiary,” and a set of three windows on the second and third stories. The top of the tower is adorned with a carved stone clock and a carved stone plaque of the Missouri state seal. Octagonal turrets of rock- faced limestone with irregularly spaced loopholes mark the corners of the tower. Three fenestrated bays are situated on either side of the tower at the second and third stories. A clerestory window has replaced two of the windows on the third story. The remaining windows have multi-pane steel hopper sash. The two gable-front wings were originally designed to be identical, featuring corner turrets, three fenestrated bays, and a shaped parapet. The gable-front wing on the north side of the façade retains its original fenestration pattern. The three windows on the first floor have transoms separated by a narrow course of rock-faced limestone. Large individual blocks of rock-faced limestone separate the rubbed limestone lintels of the windows. A limestone belt course frames the lintels. All three windows on the first story have been blocked from the inside with a concrete block wall. The three windows on the second and third stories are separated by limestone pilasters but share ogee mold sills. The second- story windows have individual rubbed limestone lintels. The third-story windows have U- shaped, rubbed limestone hoods tied together with an ogee mold stringcourse. A set of three small windows in the gable have a shared ogee mold sill and a rubbed stone lintel. The shaped parapet is finished with a simple stone coping. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 11 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) The gable front on the south side of the façade has the same general fenestration pattern but the windows have been enclosed with stone and cement board panels. Additional openings are located between the first and second stories. These openings, which have recently been enclosed, once connected Housing Unit 1 to the 1938 Administration Building. Window openings in the shaped parapet have been boarded up but otherwise remain intact. The southwest elevation has four irregularly spaced windows on the first story and six evenly spaced fenestrated bays on the second and third stories. Two of the four windows on the first story have been enclosed with limestone block. The other two have multi-pane steel hopper windows. Windows on the second story are small with simple limestone sills and lintels and iron grates. The third-story windows have simple sills and rubbed stone lintels surmounted by an ogee mold stringcourse. One of the windows has been enclosed with limestone. The remaining five windows have been partially enclosed with cement board. The southeast elevation is obscured on the first story by the 1938 corridor, which is described in detail below. The upper stories of the façade have three distinct sections. The central section marks the location of an original three-story extension that was demolished for the 1938 corridor. This section is clad with red brick and has two doorways on the second story and nine windows on the third story. One of the window openings has been reconfigured to accommodate a clerestory window. The remaining windows have steel multi-pane hopper sash. The two outer sections have evenly spaced fenestrated bays on both the second and third stories, three on the south side and five on the north side. All of the windows have rock-faced limestone sills and lintels. The second-story windows are almost square. The third-story windows are double the height of the second-story openings. All but two of the windows have multi-pane steel hopper sash. The other two have been enclosed with plywood. The northeast elevation is the most altered elevation on the building. The two-story section of the 1938 corridor is attached to the east corner of the building, obscuring the first two floors of the elevation. Interior (Photograph 8) The entrance hall features a hexagonal main control center encapsulated by thick glass windows protected with iron bars, known as the “reception diagnostic center” (Photograph 8) The walls are glazed structural tile and the floor is concrete. A limestone bust of NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 12 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) Governor Dockery is set into the tile wall. Iron gates provide entry to a holding cell just inside the main door and to the wings on either side of the central hall. The administrative spaces, including office spaces, storage, and guard stations, were accessed by hallways along the back (southeast) wall of the building. The southern section of the office area has four cast-iron columns with Corinthian capitals for support. The second story has a large area dedicated to cellblocks with four levels, 24 cells per level and 12 cells per side, with cell doors facing the exterior windows. A concrete walkway provides access to the entire cell block. Shower areas are located at the southern end of each level. Two isolation cells are located on the first level. Original iron stairs and platforms remain intact. Windows on the east and west sides of the building are attached with a cast-iron window operating system controlled by a round wheel. The original window operating system remains intact. 5. Housing Unit 3, 1914-18, Contributing Building, Architect; Henry H. Hohenschild (Photographs 9 -11) Housing Unit 3, built in the High Victorian Gothic style, is located on the south side of the quadrangle (Photograph 9). The façade faces north, toward the Missouri River. The building is rectangular in shape and measures 50 x 325 feet. The three-story building with two basement levels rests on a limestone foundation. The walls are constructed of limestone, quarried on-site, on the exterior and glazed tile on the interior with brick fill in between. The hipped roof is clad with rolled asphalt and features a crenellated parapet. The rock- faced limestone walls have a rubbed limestone water table and a belt course along the top of the massive windows on the north and south facades. The north façade of the building is a dominant presence on the quadrangle. The symmetrical façade features a central entrance flanked by towers and seven fenestrated bays with full-height steel multi- pane windows. Two five-story octagonal towers delineate the main entrance to the building. Each tower is constructed of coursed rock-faced limestone of varying sizes with tooled mortar joints. Stone depressed-arch dedication plaques are located at the base of each tower and are topped with rubbed limestone water tables. A sloped belt course of rubbed limestone marks the transition from the tower to the turret. Eight Gothic arched louvered vents are set in openings framed with rubbed limestone and slanted sills. Simple molding tops the vents and supports a polygonal pent roof. A crenellated parapet tops the turret and is fashioned of rock-faced limestone with rubbed limestone at the base of the crenels and caps of the merlons. The central entrance bay features a three-story archivolt with two double-leaf entrances. The second story has four tall multi-pane windows surmounted by four stone plaques carved with a cinquefoil motif. The third story has multi-pane windows of varying heights set within the top of the NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 13 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) arch. A shaped parapet with crenellation is situated between the towers above the entrance. Flanking the towered entrance are seven bays of three-story windows. A coursed, rock-faced limestone wall with a rubbed limestone water table forms the base of these bays. Each bay is separated by coursed limestone buttresses with rubbed limestone dripstone. The top of the buttresses terminates at a rubbed limestone belt course that serves the lintel for the windows. The large windows are a combination of fixed and steel hopper windows, all controlled on the interior by a single crank and pulley system. The belt course is topped by a rock-faced limestone, crenelated parapet with rubbed limestone at the base of the crenels and caps of the merlons. Each crenel is aligned with the center of each window. The south elevation has an almost identical arrangement as the main façade: a central bay with a three- story archivolt flanked by seven fenestrated bays with full-height steel multi- pane windows. The central bay has several small fixed steel windows at the basement level. Above the rubbed-stone water table, the three-story archivolt features four tall multi-pane windows surmounted by four stone plaques carved with a cinquefoil motif. The third story has multi-pane windows of varying heights set within the top of the arch. The rubbed-stone lintel of the arch blends into the rubbed stone belt course that ties the fenestrated bays together. A coursed, rock-faced limestone wall with a rubbed limestone water table forms the base of these bays. On the west end, one story of paired, multi-pane steel hopper windows are located at the basement level of each bay. On the east end, which is set at the bottom of a slight hill, two stories of multi-pane steel hopper windows are located below the water table. Each bay is separated by coursed limestone buttresses with rubbed limestone drip courses. The top of the buttresses terminates at a rubbed limestone belt course that serves the lintel for the windows. The large windows are the same as the main façade, a combination of fixed and steel hopper windows. The belt course is topped by a rock-faced limestone, crenelated parapet with rubbed limestone at the base of the crenels and caps of the merlons. Each crenel is aligned with the center of each window. The west elevation of the building has two fenestrated bays with the same three-story windows as the north and south elevations. The rubbed limestone water table and belt courses are also present. Plain limestone walls separate the bays rather than buttresses. The crenelated parapet is identical to the other elevations with the crenels aligned with the center of each window. A doorway that connected the WPA-era canteen to the building has been removed and enclosed with a cement board panel. A limestone plaque is located on the north corner of the elevation: Foundation Laid Under Administration of Gov. Elliot W. Major 1916 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 14 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) Completed under Administration of Gov. Frederick D. Gardner 1918 The east elevation is identical to the west elevation except that two stories of paired, multi- pane, steel hopper windows are located below the water table. Interior (Photographs 10-11) As illustrated on the exterior, the interior is divided into three sections: a central stair hall/atrium flanked by cell blocks. The stair hall/atrium has a large open area surrounded by balconies (Photograph 10). Upon entering the building, a series of grand staircases provides access to the floors above and below: the entrance vestibule is set at the half-story between the basement and the first floor. From this vestibule, a central set of metal open stairs with a metal balustrade with cinquefoil motif panels leads to the first floor. Enclosed staircases on either side lead to the basement level. A wire atrium cage, added in 1960, encapsulates the guard stations and first-floor atrium area. Windows in the three-story archivolt on the north and south elevations provide abundant light to the space. The balconies of the atrium provide access to blocks of 16 cells on either side. These cells are situated back to back with the fronts of the cells facing the large multi-story windows (Photograph 11). Cantilevered concrete walks that provide access to the cells are encapsulated with chain link fence. The end cell on each side is a shower station. The basement contains 20 cells per section and 10 cells per side. These cells were the original Death Row holding cells. Each section also has one shower and four additional segregation cells, or “deep cells.” The east section of the building has another lower sub- basement area below the Death Row level that once featured 18 cells. These cells were remodeled at an unknown date, with the walls removed to create nine larger cells. There are also nine cells on the other side of this lower level. The light and ventilation aspects of the building’s design were incorporated to help fight the spread of tuberculosis. The three-story windows provide an abundance of light on the interior. These original windows were all manually operated by a crank and pulley system, which is still intact. There is a series of ceiling fans located near the windows as well. The floors are finished with hexagonal mosaic tile. The walls are white glazed structural clay tile, which provides sheen to all the walls and creates somewhat of an echo chamber in the building.1 Each cell door was operated by a central hand lever system. 1 The guards in Housing Unit 3 were on high alert when the usually deafening noise caused by all of the hard finishes on the interior was either louder or quieter than usual. Louder than usual meant that an incident had already NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 15 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) 6. Gas Chamber, 1937, Contributing Building (Photographs 12-13) The gas chamber building, built in a simplified Gothic Revival style, is a 25x30-foot structure constructed of rock-faced limestone quarried on-site (Photograph 12). The limestone walls are laid as broken range work. A limestone cap along the roofline is surmounted by pointed cut stones meant to simulate merlons on a crenellated parapet. The northwest façade has two doors irregularly spaced on the façade with iron gates. One doorway leads directly to the viewing room and the other leads to the gas chamber itself. A third door that leads to the holding cell is located on the southwest elevation. Two evenly spaced window openings that have been enclosed with concrete block are located on the southeast elevation. Interior (Photograph 13) The actual steel gas chamber is an independent unit that sits in the center of the structure with an entrance vestibule just inside the main door, a viewing room to the north, and two cells to the south. The floors and interior walls are concrete. 7. Housing Unit 2, 1938, Contributing Building (Photograph 14) Housing Unit 2 is a five-story brick structure that measures 50 x 375 feet. The building, constructed with partial investment from Public Works Administration (PWA) funds, has a concrete foundation, red and dark red brick walls, a concrete water table, concrete coping, and a flat roof clad with rubber membrane. The architectural style of Housing Unit 2 is a transition from the castle-like construction of the earlier housing units to a simpler form with minimal ornamentation, often seen in PWA construction. The south façade and north elevation are identical except for the presence of an entrance in the center of the south façade. Each elevation features 31 fenestrated bays. These bays are divided into a central section of 29 bays and two end sections that each contain one fenestrated bay. The ground floor of the south façade has nearly square, multi-pane windows with concrete sills. Bands of dark red brickwork tie all of the bays together. The walls on the end sections are accentuated by bands of dark red brick. On the south façade a central entrance is contained within a one-story pavilion. The double-door entry is slightly recessed with a wide smooth stone surround. Bands of dark red brick tie the pavilion to the happened. Quieter than usual meant that something was about to happen. Personal Interview, Charlie Brzuchalski, November 6, 2014. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 16 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) remaining elevation. Dog tooth courses used above the dark red bands of brick simulate chevrons. On the upper stories the fenestrated central bay is spaced farther apart from the fenestrated bays on either side and is further emphasized by horizontal bands of dark red brick. The remaining fenestrated bays contain four-story steel multi-pane windows. Dashed lines of red brick frame the top and sides of the windows in the central section. The east and west elevations each have one fenestrated bay with a small, multi-pane window on the ground floor and a four story, multi-pane window in the upper floor. Dark red brick banding is used on all four floors of the façade. The lower portion of the west elevation is obscured by the one-story corridor that links Housing Unit 2 to Housing Unit 1. Interior Access to the interior was not possible due to safety concerns. 8. Housing Unit 5, 1938, Contributing Building (Photograph 15) The architectural style of Housing Unit 5 is nearly identical to Housing Unit 2, with the exception that Housing Unit 5 has two additional basement floors. The seven-story brick structure also measures 50 x 375 feet and has the same arrangement of 31 fenestrated bays on its north façade and south elevation and a single fenestrated bay on its west elevation. The north façade of Housing Unit 5 is obscured at the first story by the corridor that connects the building to Housing Unit 1. The two basement level walls are exposed on the south and east sides of the structure and feature horizontal bands of recessed brick. The sub-basement level has three double-door openings and 28 small multi-pane windows with concrete sills. Iron grates cover all of the windows. A loading dock is situated on the northeast end of the elevation. The basement level has 27 small multi-pane steel windows with concrete sills and four windows of the same size that have been enclosed with brick and steel. Interior Access to the interior was not possible due to safety concerns. 9. Corridor, 1938, Contributing Building (Photograph 16) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 17 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) The corridor was constructed in 1938 to connect Housing Units 2 and 5 to Housing Unit 1. This long, narrow, brick concourse runs from the east elevation of Housing Unit 5 to the west elevation of Housing Unit 2; a length of approximately 680 feet. The decrease in slope near Housing Unit 5 exposes the basement wall of the corridor. The corridor is attached to the back wall of Housing Unit 1. The brick wall on the south elevation of the corridor features the same horizontal bands of dark red brick as Housing Units 2 and 5. One small extension with two door openings and four windows is connected to the south wall just east of Housing Unit 1. Between this extension and Housing Unit 5, the corridor has 12 fenestrated bays and one entrance bay. Three additional fenestrated bays have been revealed since an addition was removed in 2013. The plaster walls of the addition’s interior are still evident. The double-door entrance and four multi-pane windows are located in the section of the corridor attached to Housing Unit 1. The section of corridor between Housing Units 1 and 3 has only five multi-pane windows. A newly constructed solid wall, covering the party wall between the corridor and the former canteen, occupies the remainder of this section. Several areas of brick have been replaced, creating breaks in the dark red bands. The north elevation of the corridor is visible from the east end of Housing Unit 1 to Housing Unit 5. The elevation is separated into three sections that are tied together with dark red bands on the uppermost story. The easternmost section is located at the bottom of a moderately steep slope and is three stories high. This section has four fenestrated bays with small, multi-pane windows on all three floors. The central section is a solid wall with painted dark red bands to match the surrounding red brick bands. The remainder of this elevation has a single story containing four multi-pane windows. 10. Central Clothing and School Building, 1957, Non-Contributing Building (Photograph 17) All that remains of the Central Clothing and School Building is the limestone basement. The building is set into the side of a short, but moderately sloped hill and measures approximately 65 feet wide and 190 feet long. The walls are constructed of large rock-faced and rubbed limestone set in regular courses. The southeast façade has 16 fenestrated bays and two entrance bays. All of the windows have limestone sills and lintels. All but one of the windows has metal grates over the openings. One window has a metal louvered vent. The northeast elevation has a single opening in the center of the elevation near the roof. A steel railing is attached to the top of the southeast and northeast elevations. The roof is clad with rubber membrane. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 18 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) The building is considered non-contributing because it lacks integrity of materials, design, and workmanship. 11. Gymnasium, 1964, Contributing Building (Photograph 18) The gymnasium is a two-story concrete block structure that measures 120 feet long and 75 feet wide. A 20-foot-wide, two-story extension runs the length of the southeast elevation. The main building has a low-pitched side-gable roof, and the extension has a flat roof. The northeast façade has a large overhead door in the center. Two double-door entrances with simple shed-roof canopies are irregularly spaced on either side of the overhead door. A band of steel hopper windows is centered on the façade above the overhead door. Windows on either end of this band have been enclosed. The northwest and southwest elevations of the gymnasium are solid concrete block. The northeast façade of the extension has a single steel hopper window on the second story. The southeast elevation of the extension has two double-door openings on the first story and three steel hopper windows on the second story. The doors are three feet off the ground indicating the removal of a loading dock. The southwest elevation of the extension has two steel hopper windows. Interior The interior of the gymnasium is an open space accessed by a large overhead door and two double doors on the east façade. The walls of the space are painted concrete block and the floor is poured concrete. Large glue-laminated trusses support the roof. Doorways on the south side of the gymnasium lead into various offices in the extension on the south side of the building. 12. Quadrangle, ca. 1890-1964, Contributing Site (Photograph 19) The quadrangle is an open lawn bounded by Housing Unit 11 to the northwest, Housing Unit 3 to the southwest, Housing Unit 4 to the northeast, and the remnants of the old dining hall/education building to the southeast. Concrete driveways surround the quadrangle on the northwest, southwest, and southeast sides. Two concrete walkways are situated in the quadrangle. One runs along the southwest side of Housing Unit 3. The second enters the quadrangle from the west corner and turns southeast, once leading to the 1980 Chapel, which was demolished in 2012. This walkway passes under a pergola similar to one shown in photographs from 1954 (Figure 6). A few deciduous and evergreen NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 19 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) trees are scattered informally in the quadrangle. Deciduous shrubs are also informally located along Housing Unit 3 and in the corners of the quadrangle. A more formal line of waist-high bushes is located along the southwest boundary of the quadrangle in front of Housing Unit 3. A modern statue in the shape of an M (for Missouri) stands centrally in the quadrangle. The northern corner of the quadrangle is also the location of stone foundations of the original 1836 prison walls or cells, the foundation of the 1840-1845 cell block addition, a mortar cistern attributed to the early prison period, and two 1876 cisterns. These features are situated within the presumed boundaries of the 1836 prison, which was 200 square feet. The sites were identified and evaluated as National Register eligible during a Phase II archaeological investigation conducted in June 2011 by the Environmental Research Center of Missouri.2 According to the Phase II study, the boundary of the original 1836 prison is situated entirely within the present-day quadrangle. Extensive testing of the northern corner of the quadrangle revealed the features described above. 13. Former Hobby Craft Building Site, 2021, Non-contributing Site (Photograph 20) The site of the former Hobby Craft building consists of 160 feet long and 60 feet wide concrete block, slab foundation. The former building was a wood-frame structure with vertical steel cladding. The building was destroyed by a tornado on May 22, 2019. The site in non-contributing due to its poor integrity and lack of built environment. 14. Former Factory Area, 2014, Non-contributing Site (Photograph 21) A large open area that occupies the east half f the lower yard was once the site of a twine factory, shoe factory, auto tag plan, chemical products building, diesel plant, and I-Hall housing unit. The main section of the area is flat with moderate slopes on its north and west sides. An approximately six feet high concrete block retaining wall is situated along the north side of the site. Numerous unused satellite dishes are situated at the top of the hill behind the retaining wall. Concrete driveways are still present on the site, indicating the location of the former buildings. The stone wall, towers, and train gate that surround the site remain intact. The area is non-contributing due to its poor integrity and lack of built environment that is associated with the period of significance for the historic district. 15. Parking Lot/Former Ball Diamond, 2005, Non-contributing Structure 2 Sturdevant, Craig, Cultural Resource Investigations: Phase II Testing, MSP Redevelopment Project, Cole County, Missouri, June 2011. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 20 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) Shortly after the prison was closed in 2004, the flat area in the west half of the lower yard was paved over for a parking lot accessible by a drive through breach in the wall along Chestnut Street. Grassy areas are still found on the side and top of a slope in the northwest corner of the area. Stepped areas of stone indicate the location of the former quarry. 16. Stone Sidewalk, ca. 1938, Contributing Structure (Photograph 22) A limestone sidewalk with limestone retaining walls is located near the center of the lower yard between the gas chamber and the drive leading to the upper yard. It is assumed the structure was built around the same time as the gas chamber given its location and similar building material. The sidewalk measures approximately four feet wide and 75 feet long. A single step is situated every six feet to accommodate a slight rise from south to north. The stones used for the sidewalk are square to irregular in shape. Some have a stippled finish that may indicate the stones are from demolished buildings at the prison. The stones are set with lime mortar in the retaining walls. A set of concrete stairs are located at the north end of the sidewalk. The stone sidewalk is considered a stand-alone, contributing resource due to its significance as the “last walk” for death row inmates. Forty executions were held in the gas chamber between 1938-1989; all 40 inmates and penitentiary staff used the stone sidewalk to access the gas chamber. 17. Boundary Wall, 1885-ca. 1927, Contributing Structure (Photographs 23-26) The boundary wall was constructed, in different sections at different times, of limestone quarried on-site with inmate labor. As the penitentiary expanded, so too did the wall. The boundary wall is comprised of the outer perimeter wall with eleven integrated guard towers and a central stone wall that travels through the center of the complex from northeast to southwest. The stone wall through the center of the penitentiary stretches from Housing Unit 3 to the Sullivan Factory. The segment of stone wall between Housing Unite 3 and Housing Unit 5 could be the remnants of the 1853 boundary wall. This section of the wall is different in character from the rest of the wall with irregularly shaped stones laid in uneven courses. The stone wall was further extended toward the river in 1869. The 1869 segment appears to have larger, more evenly sized stones. The entire 1869 wall has a slanted stone cap and is stepped in some areas to match the clopping terrain (Photograph 23). NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 21 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) The current perimeter wall varies in height between 14 to 30 feet and is stepped along Chestnut Street to match the sloping terrain (Photograph 24). The ground level of the interior of the wall is significantly lower than the ground level of the exterior. The wall is consistently 2.5 feet thick. There are three collapsed sections of the wall along E. Capitol Avenue between Lafayette and Chestnut Streets (collapsed in 2002), the intersection of Chestnut Street and E. Capitol Avenue, and the northeast mid-section (collapsed in 2019 tornado). Overall, the limestone blocks are rock-faced on the exterior of the wall with consistent height and varying lengths. Facing the interior, the blocks are smooth with some vermiculated work and pointed work. The exterior wall between Towers 1 and 4 is constructed of large blocks of similar size with consistent coursing and beaded mortar joints. Tower 4 marks the transition from the nineteenth-century perimeter to the expansion in 1925. This transition is evident in the wall’s construction of alternating wide and narrow courses of limestone. The limestone blocks also vary in width. Mortar joints are flush. The wall height was increased along E. Capitol Avenue and Chestnut Street; the change in color of the limestone blocks marks the height of the original wall. Eleven guard towers are incorporated into the limestone perimeter wall. Along Lafayette Street and E. Capitol Avenue, towers are spaced approximately 235 feet apart. Towers 4 and 5 along E. Capitol Avenue are 385 feet apart. Towers 6, 7, and 8 are located along Chestnut Street and are between 430 and 435 feet apart. Towers located in the perimeter wall along the river are more unevenly spaced. The wall between Towers 8 and 9 is 220 feet long. Towers 9 and 10 are separated by 190 feet of wall. Towers 10 and 11 are 300 feet apart. The existing towers were rehabilitated in 1954 as a direct result of the 1954 riot. The tops of the original towers were removed as they provided limited visibility and were not easily accessible by guards (Photograph 25).3 A new square tower that had better sightlines was constructed on top of each of the cylindrical towers. Doors were added to the exterior of each tower at street level. The interiors of the towers were hollowed out and permanent metal ladders were installed inside. A brick shaft was added to Towers 4, 7, and 8 in 1955 to house the new permanent metal ladders (Photograph 26). A new train gate was also constructed at that time. 18. Centennial Cells, ca. 1876, Contributing Site (Photograph 27) 3 Guards accessed the original towers with wooden ladders. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 22 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) The Centennial Cells archaeological site was uncovered in 2019. The site consists of 9 brick cells with limestone lintels above each cell door and 3 large stones patterned between the cell doors in an ornamented structural component to support the now absent cell doors. Some cells have one or two steel hinges still intact. The site measures approximately 75 feet long, 6 feet deep, and 7 feet in height. The current site has earth fill on the top of the site that is supported by a tarp to hold the earth in place. Each cell interior has a concrete finish. INTEGRITY Overall, the Missouri State Penitentiary retains sufficient integrity of feeling, association, location, setting, materials, design, and workmanship to convey its period of significance and association with the development of a state prison that served from early statehood in 1836 to when the prison closed in 2004. Since its closing in 2004, numerous buildings have been demolished (Table 2). Despite the changes to the complex after its closing, the Missouri State Penitentiary retains integrity of design, materials, workmanship, setting, location, feeling, and association. Every major style of housing unit constructed in the institution’s history is represented in the current buildings in the proposed district. Numerous factories including Priesmeyer’s Boot and Shoe Factory and J.S. Sullivan Saddle Tree Factory remain extant representing the lease-system period of the prison. Recreational facilities such as the gymnasium represent the period of prison reform that was adopted after the 1954 riot. Though some sections have collapsed, the limestone boundary wall of the prison remains relatively intact and ties both visually and physically the building together into a cohesive unit. Table 2. Resources in the Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District Demolished After 2004 Jefferson & Standard Shoe Co. ( 1885) Oil storage, saw mill & lumber (1935) Dining hall/kitchen/carpenter shop (1885) Engine room (1939) State Journal Co., machine shop tailor shop Shoe factory ( 1939) Dining hall (1892) Twine factory (1939) Women’s Prison Administration building (1939) Giesecke Shoe Co. ( 1892) Hospital (1939) Lumber yard (1898) Storage/kitchen (1939) Green house (1898) Canteen (1955) State general storage (1898) Warehouse (1975) Box making (1892) Planning/construction (1975) Wagon shop (1892) Diesel plant (1975) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 23 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) State ice house (1898) Chapel (1982) Auto tag plant (1935) Towers 12-14 I Hall (1935) Hobby Craft Building (1968) The Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District retains its original location. The proposed district is east of downtown Jefferson City. The proposed historic district has integrity of design, despite demolition of buildings. The district retains its principal housing units, boundary wall, gas chamber, several factories, and recreational buildings such as the gymnasium. Buildings in the district feature High Victorian Gothic, Gothic Revival, and the minimal ornamentation found in the PWA architecture buildings. The spatial arrangement between these buildings also remains intact. The quadrangle, an important open space in the district, also remains, although the pathways have been changed. The setting of the proposed historic district remains largely unchanged. Residential areas around the prison appear much as they did when the prison was constructed and expanded. The major changes in the prison’s setting include construction of the U.S. Courthouse in 2011 on the west side of the prison and the Lewis and Clark State Office Building in 2005 on top of the bluff on the east side. The proposed historic district has integrity of materials. The contributing buildings in the district retain their original brick and stone walls, decorative arched windows, and stone towers and turrets. The materials were, for the most part, obtained on-site. The original quarry used, also remains largely intact. The buildings and structures in the proposed district have integrity of workmanship, with original locally quarried stone and brickwork remaining intact. Housing Units 1, 3, and 4 are testaments to the workmanship of inmates at the prison. The limestone was finished using a variety of methods, creating varying textures in lintels, sills, belt courses, and cornices. Limestone-carved cinquefoil motifs, stone plaques, a stone clock face, the state seal, and busts further demonstrate the workmanship of the inmates who constructed these buildings. Stone arched windows and the general fenestration patterns remain. The interior of the housing units remains intact with only minor alterations relating to guard and prisoner safety. The feeling of the proposed district is still conveyed by the imposing fortress-like boundary wall, buildings with original exterior materials and fenestration patterns, spatial NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 24 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) relationships between the buildings and open spaces, including the quadrangle. Overall, the proposed district retains sufficient integrity of feeling to convey the district’s historical period. The proposed district retains the integrity of association as the district maintains its location on Lafayette Street and its original boundary wall when the prison was occupied. Although the collapsed sections of the wall clearly indicate the district is no longer in use as a prison, the overall district retains its association by its imposing presence in the area. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 25 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) SUMMARY The Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District, 115 Lafayette Street, Jefferson City, Cole County is significant at the state level under National Register of Historic Places Criteria A in the area of LAW and locally significant under Criteria C in the area of ARCHITECTURE. The period of significance for the district begins in 1868, when Housing Unit 4 (A-Hall) was constructed, to 1963, when the second penitentiary in Moberly, Missouri was constructed. The historic district is significant under Criteria A at the state level in the area of law as the only state penitentiary in Missouri for a period of 127 years and as it represents the evolution of the penal system in Missouri from its development in the 1830s as a prison under the Auburn system that evolved into reformed prison utilizing education and recreation for prisoner rehabilitation. Established in 1836, the facility was the only state prison in Missouri until 1963, when the medium security prison at Moberly was constructed. Numerous reform schools including the Reformatory for Boys at Boonville and Intermediate Reformatory for Young Men at Algoa and work farms intended to keep inmates busy and provide meat and rations for prisoners were constructed to alleviate the almost constant overcrowding at the penitentiary. However, it wasn’t until 1963 that a second prison was constructed at Moberly. The penitentiary was the first state penitentiary built west of the Mississippi River, and it continually operated as a state penitentiary through 2004. As the only state penitentiary in Missouri, the penitentiary incarcerated state and federal prisoners that were both hardened criminals and first-time offenders. The penitentiary was operated using the Auburn system of long days of work under silence and harsh punishment for lower than standard work performance. From the establishment of the prison in 1836, prisoners were forced to work in silence, only being able to talk one hour a day during recreation hour. Prisoners worked under the task system, which required daily production outputs from each prisoner. Harsh punishment was meted out to those that did not meet their task. Prisoners wore striped uniforms until 1909 and were put into lock-step formation when moving about the prison. The reform period slowly began in the 1930s with small musical and educational programs and continued in 1940 with the first school, operated by the administration at the prison. Adoption of full reforms that included recreational and vocational activities was not fully integrated into the prison until the early 1960s. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 26 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) The historic district is locally significant under Criteria C in the area of Architecture as a significant example of penal architecture in Jefferson City and a significant collection of housing units built according to the Pennsylvania and Auburn plans. The historic district features buildings with High Victorian Gothic and Gothic Revival elements that share common traits with penal architecture of the time period and PWA Construction styled structures that joined the Auburn plan principles with the popular style of the time period. The High Victorian Gothic style is well represented in the historic district in Housing Units 1, 3, and 4. Housing Unit 4, constructed in 1868 and designed by Warden Horace Swift, combines the stylistic influences of Gothic Revival in the use of round arch windows and limestone walls, and High Victorian Gothic with stone belt courses, central pavilion, and paired round arch windows. This early housing unit was designed according to many of the principles of the Pennsylvania plan for prisons with its relatively large cells, measuring 9 x 13 feet, and arrangement around a central open space. These large cells were designed to house prisoners for solitary introspection; but, in reality, up to six prisoners were housed in each cell of the unit during some of the worst overcrowding in the institution’s history. Housing Unit 1, constructed in 1905 and designed by Eckel and Mann, was the public face of the penitentiary. As such, it exuded the typical traits of penal architecture with a foreboding limestone edifice that borrowed heavily from the High Victorian Gothic style with towers, use of alternating narrow and wide courses of stone to create a banded effect, and a round arch entrance. The plan of the structure combined administrative offices with housing sections that followed the Auburn Plan with cells stacked back to back and freestanding from the outside walls. In 1918, use of the High Victorian Gothic style in the penal architecture of the district was perfected in Housing Unit 3, designed by Henry Hohenschild, with its Gothic arch entrance flanked by monumental octagonal towers, heavy limestone walls, bands of smooth limestone, limestone buttresses, and crenellated parapet. In this building too, the Auburn plan was perfected with two three-story wings featuring back-to-back cells set back from the exterior walls. Housing Units 2 and 5 were both constructed in 1938, using a modern influence and representing the most popular style used for buildings constructed under the PWA program, and the Auburn plan. While the factory and recreational buildings in the district took on vernacular forms with little stylistic influence beyond the use of segmental arch windows, the gas chamber followed the Gothic Revival style in its use of rock-faced limestone walls and a crenellated parapet. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 27 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) Penology of the Nineteenth Century During the early nineteenth century two penal systems were developed and refined in the United States: the Auburn system and the Pennsylvania system. Both systems held principles that solitary confinement and silence fostered penitence and encouraged reform. The Auburn and Pennsylvania systems were both based on a belief that criminal habits were learned from and reinforced by other criminals. This penal method impacted the environmental design of prison structures and can be demonstrated through small, cramped cells and spaces that discouraged inmate interactions. Evidence of these systems are especially reflected in Housing Unit 4. Despite building updates and changes in penal methodology, Housing Unit 4 still contains small cells, narrow hallways, no common areas, and solitary confinement cells in the basement. Auburn System The Auburn system had its origins in the New York State Prison in Auburn, New York. The prison was constructed in 1825 with multiple levels of small, individual cells that were stacked back to back and opened onto a space that separated the cells from the outside walls of the building. This effectively isolated the cellblock as an independent structural unit, which helped prevent escapes. The cells were much smaller than in the Pennsylvania system, measuring generally 3.5 feet wide, 7 feet long, and 7 feet high. This provided a significant cost savings in construction of new prisons. The core management concept of the system was to isolate prisoners rather than allow them to congregate in common cells as was the standard practice at the time. Over time prisoners were allowed out of their cells to labor in workshops, producing marketable goods. Work was also conducted in silence. This practice became a revolutionary component of the Auburn plan.4 Convicts were compelled to work under the threat of speedy and harsh punishment and forced to walk in lock-step formation. Norman Johnston posits: The Auburn philosophy and its architecture seem to have emerged largely out of pragmatic decisions made in isolation by pragmatic men who were builders, not architects, and by men who had the day- 4 Ryder, J. Anne. "Auburn State Prison." Encyclopedia Britannica, June 18, 2013. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Auburn-State-Prison. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 28 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) to-day responsibilities of trying to contain in an orderly fashion the occupants of their institutions. The Auburn reformers appear to have been motivated by practicality and a passion to construct a veritable machine to subdue and make self-supporting the occupants of the prison.5 Prisons across the country, in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, Vermont, Tennessee, New Hampshire, Georgia, Ohio, and the District of Columbia, utilized the Auburn system during the 19th century. Pennsylvania System The Pennsylvania penal system originated in the penal code of Pennsylvania, which had its origins in the Quaker criminal code of the Colony of Pennsylvania. The Quaker code replaced corporal punishment or fines with the practice of imprisonment at hard labor and isolation of prisoners.6 In March 1826, the Pennsylvania legislature appointed three commissioners to revise the criminal code of the state.7 The commissioners favored the Auburn system. The Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons strongly opposed the Auburn system because of its use of harsh corporal punishment to compel prisoners to work. On April 23, 1829, the Pennsylvania legislature revised the criminal code to require that prisoners suffer punishment "by separate or solitary confinement at labour," and that they be kept "singly and separately at labour, in the cells or work yards."8 The theory was that isolation would achieve reformation through self-reflection. Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia was the pinnacle of the Pennsylvania plan, constructed from 1822 to 1829 and modified in the last year of construction to comply with the 1829 penal code. All daily activities were conducted in the confines of the cell, which measured 8x12 feet. Each cell had its own latrine, hot and cold running water, and heating system. Walled exercise yards were connected to each cell. Prisoners were to remain silent at all times and all efforts were made to minimize human contact. The large cells needed to implement the Pennsylvania system were costly, however, and the Auburn system quickly gained favor across the United States. 5 Norman Johnston, Forms of Constraint: A History of Prison Architecture (Chicago, University of Illinois Press, 2000), 78. 6 Harry Elmer Barnes, “The Evolution of American Criminal Jurisprudence as Illustrated by the Criminal Code of Pennsylvania,” The Open Court, Volume 37, No. 6 (Chicago: The Open Court Publishing Company, 1923), 322. 7 Barnes, 329. 8 Ibid, 330. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 29 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) History of the Penitentiary Within ten years of becoming a state, the need for a prison in Missouri became apparent. In 1831, Missouri Governor John Miller proposed construction of a state penitentiary in Jefferson City to deal with an increasing number of convicts in the state, primarily from St. Louis. On January 3, 1833, the Missouri House of Representatives passed a bill, by a narrow margin of 25 to 24, to establish a penitentiary in Jefferson City. On January 16, 1833, an act was passed that included guidelines for the construction, maintenance and financing of the new facility.9 The act also required a board of commissioners be created and that they should study prisons in other states as models for the new penitentiary. The commissioners recommended the Pennsylvania system of complete isolation for the new prison. Governor Daniel Dunklin initially agreed with the choice of the Pennsylvania system over the Auburn system, which allowed for silent labor during the day, but strong objections to the Pennsylvania system expressed across the country and the cost of running a prison with idle convicts persuaded him to adopt the Auburn system for the new prison.10 Construction of the new facility was to be completed by October 1834.11 The new penitentiary was designed by prominent Philadelphia architect John Haviland, who had recently completed the design for Philadelphia’s Eastern State Penitentiary. Haviland submitted plans for the prison in response to advertisements by the Missouri State Legislature requesting designs for the new prison. Haviland’s design of three cell blocks around a separate keeper’s house was selected (Figure 7).12 Construction of the $25,000 penitentiary began in 1833. The cellblock was the first building in the penitentiary to utilize inmate labor and the quarried limestone material, as mandated by the governor’s proposal.13 9 William Charles Nesheim, A History of The Missouri State Penitentiary: 1833-1875, Master’s thesis (Kansas City: University of Missouri-Kansas City, 1971), 18. 10 Nesheim, 20-22. 11 Mark Schreiber and Laura Burkhardt Moeller, Somewhere in Time: 170 Years of Missouri Corrections (Marceline, Missouri: Walsworth Publishing Company, 2004), 4. 12 Matthew Eli Baigell. John Haviland, Dissertation in History of Art (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, May 1965), 258- 259, 396. 13 Quoted in Schreiber and Moeller, 4-5. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 30 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) In 1834, a curious visitor viewed the prison’s construction progress from across the Missouri River and commented on it in the local paper: “The state is now erecting a penitentiary, the material of which is obtained from the quarries and really nothing can look more beautifully white than this stone when well cut. One of the buildings already erected [the first cellblock] has quite the magic appearance at a distance, resembling more a fleecy cloud than a gloomy prison.”14 The penitentiary opened officially in 1836 with one cellblock, or housing unit, the keeper's house, and a utility building (all non-extant). The prison was operated by Warden Lewis Bolton under the supervision of a three-man prison committee. In the first year the prison housed only 18 inmates.15 The prison was operated under the Auburn system using labor, as prisoners were making brick in the first year of the prison’s operation. In February 1839, the Missouri General Assembly adopted the "lease system" for its penitentiary. This new system leased the entire institution and the labor of convicts to businessmen William S. Burch and John C. Gordon for an annual fee. The lessee would be responsible for upkeep of the prison grounds and facilities as well as the inmates’ food, clothing, and health. The state assumed both parties could benefit from this arrangement; the state gained annual fees and did not have to worry about penitentiary maintenance or payroll, and the private company reaped the benefits of having inexpensive prison labor for their enterprise. Inmates were used by the lessee to quarry limestone and construct brick houses in Jefferson City as well as chop wood and construct split rail fences.16 The exported items and the income from the lease system resulted in additional capital for expansion within the penitentiary walls. Burch and Gordon constructed numerous buildings at the prison, including a second cell block constructed during the first year of the lease (non- extant). In 1840, Burch and Gordon enlarged the prison yard, built a structure in the center of the prison to house workshops, and partially constructed a third cell block with 40 cells (all non-extant).17 14 Missouri Intelligencer, December 6, 1834, 1. 15 Schreiber and Moeller, 4-5. 16 Ibid, 7. 17 Nesheim, 46. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 31 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) Burch and Gordon continued to operate the prison under the lease system until February 15, 1843. Their tenure was not without controversy. The public criticized the Missouri State Penitentiary’s lease system because of continuing problems with escaped inmates, purported inmate abuse, mismanagement, and lack of profit.18 Prison inspectors reported the conditions at the prison to a House of Representatives committee in 1843: We found the prisoners very badly clothed, dirty, and in a miserable condition. Their bedding scarcely deserves the name. The prisoners complain that they suffer much from cold of which there can be no doubt, as they have no fire, little clothing and less bedding…19 In 1843 new lessees, Ezra Richmond and James Brown, were given control over the penitentiary with the provision that outside work details would cease. Despite this requirement, the outside work details continued, increasing the unease and fear in the community.20 Under the lessee’s Richmond and Brown, a brick blacksmith shop, coal house, kitchen and privy, and a new stone wall around the prison were constructed (all non-extant).21 More workshops were also constructed within the prison, including a hemp factory (non- extant). Goods produced there began to be exported locally and nationally. Among the items exported during the prison’s lease system were plows, wagons, trays, harnesses, chairs, bureaus, bed stands, tables, boots, shoes, twine, bricks, cigars, bacon, and lard.22 The residents of Jefferson City were concerned the penitentiary lessees continued to allow inmates to work outside the penitentiary walls on construction projects, grounds keeping, landscaping, and house painting. Jefferson City workers who were paid for these same services disliked the competition of the low-cost inmate labor. Prisoner escapes during these outside work details were a larger concern for the community. In April 1842 the Jeffersonian Republican reported that over the past year, escapes from the prison occurred weekly and remarked the state might as well “let the crime go unpunished, as to bring a collection of criminals here to roam our hills and through our city, in the performance of various labors and evocations, which as a right, the lessees can direct them.”23 18 Schreiber and Moeller, 6. 19 Ibid, 9. 20 Ibid, 8-9. 21 Ibid, 9. 22 Gary R. Kremer, Heartland History (St Louis, MO: G. Bradley Publishing Company, 2000), 9. 23 Jeffersonian Republican, April 9, 1842, 1. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 32 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) The lease system was ended in 1854. Control of the prison was turned over to the State, and the office of warden was reinstated by the state legislature. Significant improvements to the penitentiary were made under the new warden, Francis C. Hughes, during his tenure from 1857 to 1862. The boundary wall was extended toward the river from 1857 to 1859 (remnants may still remain in wall south of Housing Units 3 and 4), increasing the size of the prison to a total of 126,380 square feet. A three-story brick cooper’s shop (non-extant) was constructed in 1859 as well as a blacksmith shop (non-extant). A new cellblock with 236 cells was also completed in 1859 (non-extant).24 In 1861, the financial burden of supporting the prison again prompted the legislature to consider leasing the prison, but no arrangements were made. The legislature turned to a new system, the contract system. Under this system convicts were rented out to businesses at a rate of 35 cents per day. This differed from the lease system as contractors were not responsible for the upkeep of the prison, just the welfare of the inmates.25 Horace A. Swift became warden at the penitentiary in January 1865.26 In April of that year, Warden Swift requested permission from prison inspectors to construct more housing units as the population had grown from 357 to 622. The number of cells at that time was 356. Each cell measured four by seven feet and was designed for one inmate. On July 12, 1865, Governor Thomas Fletcher authorized the construction of new housing units.27 Warden Swift was an experienced builder. Upon receiving authorization to construct a new housing unit, Swift traveled east to examine penitentiaries for ideas on the design of the new A-Hall (Housing Unit 4).28 The last original building of the penitentiary was demolished in 1864 because it was deemed unsafe. This was the location for the new A-Hall (Housing Unit 4), as it 24 Nesheim, 77. 25 Schreiber and Moeller, 10. 26 Horace Swift spent three years learning masonry construction in Portsmouth, Ohio. He was contractor for a number of buildings, a mill, and the M.E. Church in Jackson, Ohio. In 1855, he constructed the courthouse in McArthurs Town in Vinton County, Ohio. After moving to Jefferson City in 1858, he constructed two additions to the lunatic asylum at Fulton, Missouri. Cole County Historical Society, Horace A. Swift, Biographies from Cole County People, Biographical Sketches (Jefferson City, MO: Cole County Historical Society), accessed at http://www.colecohistsoc.org/bios/bio_s.html. 27 Schreiber and Moeller, 12. 28 Ibid, 12. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 33 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) is the earliest extant resource this begins the period of significance for the nominated district.29 In 1868, A-Hall (Photographs 2 & 3) was completed and opened to inmates (Figure 8). It contained 168 new cells, housing tow inmates to a cell.30 The entire building was made of limestone blocks quarried on-site in the penitentiary quarry. The housing unit was built with prison labor, overseen by Warden Swift himself. The interior design featured thick iron cell doors, which stood only four feet tall, forcing prisoners to crouch to enter their cells. This feature is thought to have made the prisoners feel more constrained (Figure 9). An 1869 bird’s-eye view of Jefferson City provides a glimpse of the buildings at the penitentiary 33 years after its establishment (Figure 10). The prison consisted of six multi-story buildings within an almost square area surrounded by a stone wall. One of the rectangular buildings appears to be “A-Hall.” Buildings were close to one another with very little open space. Four of the six rectangular buildings were perpendicular to Lafayette Street, and the other two buildings were parallel to Lafayette along the back-perimeter wall. Towers were located on the four corners of the wall. Two buildings were located outside the enclosure on the northwest side. One of the multi-story buildings, also parallel to Lafayette, featured a central tower and a portcullis, which presumably served as the main entrance to the prison. A small gabled structure outside the west wall was presumably the warden’s residence. In 1873, John P. Sebree was installed as warden of the prison. That same year the lease system was reinstated with the state signing a 10-year lease with Perry’s and Company, who sublet the lease to St. Louis Manufacturing Company on April 18, 1874.31 Convict labor was used to construct buildings in Jefferson City, to quarry stone, and to work in coal mines beyond the city limits in Callaway County.32 As before, the lessee neglected the prisoners and security at the prison. Warden Sebree warned prison inspectors of the lack of prison guards provided by the lessee: 29 Nesheim, 80. 30 By the 1920s it would be up to eight per cell. 31 Nesheim, 93. 32 Schreiber and Moeller, 14. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 34 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) We have in the penitentiary exactly one thousand prisoners while we only have 43 guards all total. That number has been reduced without my consent. We ought to have at least 50 guards. The guards of the prison have not received their pay for two months, some as long as three or four months. Unless they receive their pay they will quit….33 Complaints of poor conditions at the prison, lax security, and continued escapes prompted the lessee to break their lease with the State in November 1875. An amendment to the original leasing act approved on March 28, 1874, allowed the warden to take control of the prison in the event of a canceled lease, answering only to the Board of Inspectors.34 A new type of contract system was adopted shortly after the lease was broken. This new system allowed private industries inside the penitentiary walls, keeping escapes to a minimum. The contractors paid the state for the use of inmate labor while the warden and the penitentiary employees oversaw the entire complex. Between November 1875 and December 1876, Warden Sebree had three contracts in place with E.A. Hickman for manufacturing harnesses, John P. Sebree, Jr., wagon maker, and E.T. Noland for manufacturing ax handles. The J.S. Sullivan Saddle Tree Factory was also established at the prison during this period.35 When James R. Willis became warden in January 1877, these contracts were voided and new contracts were made with V.B. Buck for manufacturing of boots and shoes, J.B. Price & Company for coal mining, H.A. Swift for broom manufacturing, and Jacob Straus & Co. for manufacturing harnesses, collars, and whips.36 These private industries generated high profits and allowed the penitentiary grounds, buildings, and workshops to grow through the next century. In 1875, the Missouri legislature appropriated $90,000 for construction of a new 320-cell housing unit (non-extant), a women’s prison (non-extant), a hospital (non-extant), grading and paving of Lafayette Street to the river, and construction of four large cisterns.37 By December 1876, the penitentiary had two cell blocks (non-extant), new and old hospitals (non-extant), a drugstore and hospital kitchen (non- extant), a female housing unit (non-extant), a collar shop (non-extant), a carpenter and broom shop (non-extant), a chain shop (non-extant), a dining room (non-extant), an engine room and 33 Ibid, 15. 34 Biennial Report of the Board of Inspectors of the Missouri Penitentiary, to the Thirtieth General Assembly for the Years 1877 and 1878 (Jefferson City: Carter & Regan, State Printer and Binder,1879), 7. 35 Jefferson City Democrat Tribune, October 17, 1911, p. 1.C.3. 36 Biennial Report, 1877 and 1878, 9. 37 “Missouri Penitentiary: The Improvements in Progress,” Jefferson City People’s Tribune, September 6, 1876, 2. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 35 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) saddle tree shop (non-extant), a new female cell building (non-extant), the Centennial Hall building (ground floor cells were uncovered in 2019), and the Warden’s residence (non-extant); the buildings were valued at $911,786.15.38 The Centennial Hall housing unit was constructed in 1876 just outside the southern prison wall.39 From 1877 to 1878, $18,731.85 worth of improvements were made to the buildings, particularly those that supported prison industries. Contract work was not limited to industries within the walls of the prison. In 1877 and 1878, prisoners worked a total of 20,198 days building the Supreme Court Building in Jefferson City, making bricks, quarrying stone, and preparing mortar. Convict labor at that time was valued at $0.45 per day.40 From January 1, 1877 to December 31, 1878, prisoners provided 402,487 days of labor to industries and employers inside and outside the prison walls (Table 3).41 The total receipts for labor in these two years were over $164,000.42 The Sullivan Saddle Tree Company building suffered fires in 1881, 1884, and 1891 (Photograph 6). The fire in 1881 destroyed the factory, which was promptly rebuilt. The building was damaged by a second fire in 1884 and again rebuilt. A third large fire on May 24, 1891, also destroyed the factory, which was promptly rebuilt again,43 at a cost of $38,496.18.44 The shoe factories at the penitentiary were a profitable business, producing 3,000 pairs of shoes per day and employing 1,061 of the total 1,584 inmates.45 Table 3. Employers of Convict Labor in 1877 and 1878 Employer How Employed Total Days Worked Building Extant Giesecke, Meyrsenburg & Co Manufacture of boots and shoes 94,209 Non-extant A. Priesmeyer “ 25,665 Extant 38 Biennial Report, 1877 and 1878, 70. 39 “Penitentiary: What Warden Marmaduke Has Been Doing,” Cole County Democrat, June 26, 1885, 2. 40 Biennial Report, 1877 and 1878, 125. 41 Ibid, 163. 42 Ibid, 162. 43 Schreiber and Moeller, 41; Jefferson City Daily Tribune, May 24, 1891, p. 4. C. 3. 44 Biennial Report of the Board of Inspectors of the Missouri State Penitentiary: 1891-1892 (Jefferson City: Tribune Printing Company, 1893), 6. 45 “The State’s Prison,” The State Republican, October 8, 1891, 3. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 36 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) V.B. Buck “ 35,835 Non-extant J.S. Sullivan & Co. Manufacture of saddle trees 60,679 Extant Jacob Straus & Co. Manufacture of harnesses, collars and whips 44,796 Non-extant J.B. Price & Co. Coal mining 87,799 Non-extant E.T. Noland Manufacture of ax handles 3,362 Non-extant W.C. Boon & Co. Manufacture of rustic chairs 2,280 Non-extant J.P. Sebree, Jr. Manufacture of wagons 6,228 Non-extant E.A. Hickman Manufacture of harnesses 324 Non-extant Swift & Shockley Manufacture of brooms 914 Non-extant Excelsior Broom Company Manufacture of brooms 2,871 Non-extant M.S. Carter Steamboating 1,693 Non-extant Ware & McMahon “ 3,298 Non-extant J.A. Stein “ 429 Non-extant Steamboat Phil. E. Chappell “ 3,439 Non-extant Various citizens Day laborers, servants, etc. 19,927 Non-extant State broom factory Manufacture of brooms 8,739 Non-extant NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 37 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) The 1885 Sanborn Fire Insurance map of the penitentiary provides a clear illustration of the expansion that occurred within the complex particularly on its northeast and southwest sides (Figure 11). Factories had been constructed on the southwest side of the prison. Buildings around the central quadrangle at that time included the Female Department (non-extant), Housing Unit 4, shown as “Commissary Department (extant), a second housing unit (non- extant), and the foundation for a dining hall (extant, Central Clothing foundation). Centennial Hall was located between the factories and the quadrangle. Two smaller, two-story buildings were located within this informal quadrangle (non-extant). A quarry was located on the southwest side of the prison. A perimeter wall around the prison was located between Water Street and Capitol Avenue and to the Missouri Pacific Railroad, except at the location of the quarry (perhaps the steep slope at that location was a sufficient deterrent).46 All of the penitentiary buildings were within these walls except for warehouses and the prison stables on the opposite (northwest) side of Lafayette Street (all non-extant). The female housing unit (non-extant) and receiving rooms (non-extant) and male hospital (non-extant) were separated from the rest of the prison by a stone wall and located on either side of the main entrance. In 1885, the existing dining hall, which had been built in 1860 on the south side of the quadrangle, was torn down under the direction of Warden Darwin W. Marmaduke. In its place, a new four-story stone dining hall with iron reinforcement was constructed in 1886 (Figure 12).47 The new structure was 60 feet wide and 187 feet long, with the entire basement devoted to baking (foundation extant).48 By that time the penitentiary had 1,550 inmates. Buildings within the prison walls of the complex included three housing units, a small female housing unit, the female department, two factory buildings for the Giesecke Boot and Shoe Company, one factory for the Jefferson and Standard Shoe Companies, the Jacob Straus Saddlery Company factory, J.S. Sullivan’s Saddle Tree Factory, a dining hall with kitchen and bakery, the State Journal Company printing office, and numerous outbuildings relating to tanning leather and packaging goods (only Housing Unit 4 extant). Five warehouses and the prison stables were located on the west side of Lafayette Street (non-extant).49 46 All of this boundary wall appears to be extant. 47 “New Dining Hall at Penitentiary,” Jefferson City Cole County Democrat, May 21, 1886, 2. 48 “Penitentiary: Warden Marmaduke,” 2. 49 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, 1885. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 38 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) Buildings continued to be constructed, including the Priesmeyer boot and shoe factory in 1889 (Photograph 6), a brick hospital in 1890 (non-extant), and a new power house and coal sheds (non-extant) (Figure 13).50 Penitentiary improvements continued under Warden James L. Pace, who served from January 1893 to January 1897. In 1895, a four-story laundry building was erected next to the saddle tree company building (non-extant). A new, three-story cellblock was constructed in 1897 (non- extant).51 A brick slaughterhouse and pens were constructed on the north side of the penitentiary between the river and the railroad tracks (non-extant). A refrigeration unit was constructed to store the butchered meat (non-extant). Lumber and brick yards were also established in the same area east of the prison (non-extant) (Figure 14). By January 1905, the prison population had risen to 2,150. In 1905, the National Prison Association declared Missouri State Penitentiary the only penitentiary in the United States with an income exceeding the cost of its operation.52 From 1903 to 1904, the prison made a net profit of $5,493.80 on revenues of $502,542.96.53 At this time of great prosperity for the prison, the life of the prisoner was completely controlled under the Auburn disciplinary system. Prisoners were required to wear striped uniforms. Talking amongst prisoners was strictly prohibited and prisoners were moved about the prison in lock-step formation. On Christmas and the Fourth of July, prisoners were allowed to mill freely about the yard, gamble, and speak openly with each other. These were highly anticipated days by the prisoners.54 As he [the warden] ceases [his speech], 10,000 Gatling guns could not awe into silence the cheers that burst forth. Once outside, and what a contrast! Only yesterday this now seething, noisy, good-natured mass was a human machine, silently, sullenly grinding out time and penance.55 50 Sturdevant, 17-18. 51 Biennial Report of the Board of Inspectors, Warden, Physician, and Chaplain of the Missouri State Penitentiary: 1895-1896 (Jefferson City: Tribune Printing Company, 1896), 1. 52 The Statesman 10(2), February 1998. 53 Biennial Report of the Board of Inspectors, Warden, Physician and Chaplain to the 43rd General Assembly: 1903- 1904, Jefferson City: Tribune Printing Company, State Printers and Binders,1906, 6. 54 Schreiber and Moeller, 73. 55 Ibid. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 39 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) Early in the prison’s history, prisoners ate meals in their cells. Meals consisted of meat and bread for breakfast and lunch and bread and water for dinner.56 After the first dining hall was constructed around 1876, meals were given in dining halls under strict supervision by guards. Tables were pre-set with plates and utensils and meals were served at the table. Two prisoners, who could be trusted with sharp knives under the supervision of guards, were chosen as bread cutters.57 Housing Unit 1 (Photographs 7 & 8) was built in the High Victorian Gothic style in 1905 of limestone quarried on-site by inmate labor. It was constructed to accommodate the rapidly increasing female prisoner population.58 The first female convict was sent to the penitentiary in May 1842. She was pardoned after a few days because the prison did not have adequate facilities for women.59 The first structure for females was built in 1860 (non-extant). It was a two-story stone structure with a warehouse on the first floor and housing for female prisoners, a dining hall, a hospital, and workshops on the second floor.60 It was located just southwest of the present-day Housing Unit 1. Women were allowed to do chores around the prison, such as cooking, sewing, and cleaning, or they were outsourced to work as help in wealthy homes in Jefferson City, serving as cooks, nurses, hall tenders, and laundresses.61 This building housed federal female inmates until the early 1930s, when the United States government built adequate facilities of their own (located on the present-day site of the Lewis and Clark State Office Building). The building also served as the main entrance for a period of time between the 1910s and 1930s. It mainly functioned as a permanent female cellblock with a female-only dining hall. Housing Unit 1, also known as the "Administrative Building" and "Female Department," became known as the visual symbol of the prison. Upon its completion, many photographs were taken and postcards made from the photographs of the front of the building (Figure 15). 56 Nesheim, 52. 57 Schreiber and Moeller, 83. 58 The Female Department and Female Hospital was designed by the prominent architect firm Eckel and Mann, known for constructing civic buildings across Missouri. 59 Throughout the prison’s history men and women were always kept separate. Schreiber and Moeller, 8. 60 Nesheim, 82. 61 Kremer, 11. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 40 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) By 1908, Sanborn Fire Insurance maps illustrate the most significant change to the complex occurred with the construction of the new Housing Unit 1 in 1905 (Figure 16). The previous structure that had served as the main entrance was set back from the perimeter wall. The front wall of the new building was set flush with the perimeter wall, creating an imposing entrance. A new hospital was constructed north of the new female department (non-extant). The state twine factory had also been constructed by 1908 south of the quarry (non-extant). A new shoe factory building was also constructed south of the Sullivan Saddle Tree factory (non-extant). A large boiler house was constructed just outside the south wall of the prison near the Sullivan factory (non-extant). In 1913, the State Board of Prison Inspectors selected Rolla architect Henry H. Hohenschild and St. Louis architect Harry Clymer to design the new Housing Unit 3 in the Gothic Revival style (Photograph 9)62 Plans were submitted to the prison board by March 27, 1914.63 Frank B. Miller, prominent Jefferson City architect, was selected as supervisor of construction in September 1913.64 Construction of the building began in 1914 and took four years to complete. The building was completed in two sections on the site of an existing building (then known as Cell Building B and C), which was torn down for the new building by inmate labor (Figure 17). Named McClung Hall, after Warden Dickerson C. McClung, the new housing unit cost $350,000 despite the use of inmate labor during construction. The exterior was constructed of on-site quarried limestone. Health concerns were a major factor in the design of this building because tuberculosis was rampant at that time and the close living quarters of prison housing units only exacerbated the spread of the disease. Accordingly, the interior walls were constructed using glazed brick and tile, a more sanitary, easy-to-clean material than brick or concrete (Photograph 10). The building had large windows in contrast to small openings in the older buildings. An operable window system (Photograph 11) allowed a large amount of ventilation to help settle airborne tuberculosis bacilli, which can remain suspended in air for several hours. The contract system ended in 1915 at the Missouri State Penitentiary. Many of the existing industries were taken over by the State Superintendent of Industries in August 1917. By December 1918, 10 factories wholly owned by the state were in operation at the penitentiary, 62 “Building News,” The American Architect 99(1853), 8. 63 “News of Yesteryear,” Nevada Daily Mail, March 25, 1964, 2. Only Hohenschild’s name appears as architect in a stone plaque on the building. 64 “Supervisor,” Daily Democrat-Tribune, September 10, 1913, 1. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 41 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) producing work clothing and pants, woodworking, work shirts, heavy clothing, shoes, leather novelties, brooms, and twine and cordage.65 Those industries that were not taken over by the State were operated under the “Cut, Make and Trim” plan, under which outside contractors provided the materials and the state supplied the prison labor and equipment to produce the finished products. Around 1921, the remaining Cut, Make and Trim industries were discontinued in favor of wholly state-run endeavors.66 Work under this new system was conducted on a “task” basis. Each new inmate was given a 6o-day training period after which they were expected to complete a certain number of products per day, “the task”.67 Tasks were often set impossibly high for even the most fastidious inmate to achieve. Inmates were expected to work nine hours a day. If they did not finish their task, inmates took the materials back to their cell to complete. If inmates did not make their task, they were punished by the overseers initially with being sent to their cell without privileges.68 If the inmate continued to miss the task, the punishment escalated to being sent to the “hole,” a windowless cell for a duration of two to fifteen days.69 Prisoners came from all walks of life including bookkeepers, blacksmiths, bricklayers, broom makers, butchers, barbers, cigar makers, clerks, engineers, farmers, machinists, miners, painters, tailors, lawyers, bankers, journalists, school teachers, teamsters, and waiters.70 The penitentiary housed both state and federal prisoners. There was not separation between hardened criminals and first offenders; they were housed in the same quarters. Prison officials began to realize the influence hardened criminals had on first-time offenders and turned to prison farms as a means to separate the lesser offenders, though making the prison self-sufficient was likely a predominant motivating factor as well. Around 1910, a small, 38-acre farm, Prison Farm No. 1, was established directly east of the penitentiary. In 1917, the 65 Report of the Missouri State Prison Board Covering the Biennial Period Ending December 31, 1918 to the 50th General Assembly, 1919, 26. 66 Report of the Missouri State Prison Board Covering the Biennial Period Ending December 31, 1918 to the 50th General Assembly, 1919, 26. 67 Kate Richards O’Hare, In Prison, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf), 1923, 104. 68 Ibid, 106. 69 Ibid, 109-110. 70 Schreiber and Moeller, 79. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 42 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) prison board leased over 600 acres of land for a prison farm in Callaway County and contracted for use of the 458-acre Dallmeyer farm, located 6 miles east of Jefferson City. By December 1920, the penitentiary operated and owned 1,100 acres of farmland, using inmate labor to produce wheat, corn, potatoes, apples, onions, tomatoes and other vegetables. Livestock at the farms included beef and dairy cattle, hogs, chickens and even turkeys, all for consumption by inmates.71 Around 1935, a stone, brick, and concrete potato house (extant) was constructed on Prison Farm No. 1.72 Along with farm work, the state experimented with convicts working on road construction projects in Montgomery and Dunklin counties in 1917. Additional projects were located in Washington, Windsor, St. Louis County, and Reynolds County in 1918.73 In April 1925, improvements at the penitentiary were announced by Prison Board Chairman Cortez Enloe. A new woolen mill, license tag factory, and furniture factory and repairs to factories and cell houses were proposed.74 In addition, a “thousand-yard” stone wall that extended across Lafayette and Water streets on the north side of the prison, 35 feet high and six feet thick, was funded to enclose a separate section of the penitentiary for first-time convicts and trustees (more reliable prisoners) (Figure 18). Enloe wanted to cease the practice of using trustees outside the prison walls as the trustees were engaging in drug trafficking. By that time the population had grown to 2,798 prisoners.75 Life in the prison at this time much resembled that of the late nineteenth century. Prisoner Kate Richards O’Hare’s revealing book, In Prison, provides a good picture of the living conditions at the prison around 1920. Kate O’Hare was an activist in the Socialist party who was convicted under the Federal Espionage Act after giving a speech in Bowman, North Dakota and incarcerated at the Missouri State Penitentiary in 1919. O’Hare went on to become a champion of prison reform and was appointed Assistant Director of the California Department of Penology in 1939.76 Women at that time were housed one prisoner to a cell that was supplied with a steel bunk, hay mattress and pillow, a small kitchen table with a chair, a broom, a dust pane, a toilet and a lavatory. Prisoners were allowed to supplement their cells with 71 Report of the Missouri State Prison Board Covering the Biennial Period Ending December 31, 1920 to the 51st General Assembly, 1921, 6. 72 The potato house is located outside the historic district boundary to the south of the prison wall along Chestnut Street. 73 Report of the Missouri State Prison Board, 1919, 7. 74 “Rigid Discipline To Be Carried Out At The Prison,” Jefferson City Tribune, January 30, 1925, p. 1. 75 Schreiber and Moeller, 125. 76 Schreiber and Moeller, 90. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 43 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) furnishings as long as they paid for it.77 Prisoners were allowed to talk aloud during the “recreation hour” each day.78 Harsh punishment, such as whippings or the “Rings,” were abolished in favor of a merit system implemented in January 1918.79 The merit system divided prisoners into classes depending on their percentage of efficiency in their work and general cleanliness and demeanor. Inmates were then given work goals and rewarded with privileges when those goals were met. For the first time under the merit system, prisoners were paid 5 percent of the money earned from their work as contract laborers. The prison retained the remaining 95 percent of the earnings to offset the cost of running the prison. Full implementation of the merit system was not realized, however, as beatings still occurred in 1927, when a hearing was held examining the practice. In 1926, the National Society of Penal Institutions called the Missouri State Penitentiary one of the worst prisons in the United States because of crowded cells, poor sanitation, and poor labor conditions.80 The overcrowding was so profound that as many as 1,500 prisoners were sleeping on cots in the corridors of cell blocks.81 In 1928, the prison achieved a record population of 3,780.82 This, along with prisoner Kate Richards O’Hare’s book, In Prison, created a demand for reformation of the Missouri State Penitentiary. Improvements to buildings were made in 1929 and 1930, including renovation of the housing units, dining room, and factories. A-Hall (Housing Unit 4) was “modernized” with cells painted and walls and ceilings white- washed. New plumbing and heating systems were also installed as part of the modernization. Prior to the modernization effort, A-Hall was considered the most unsanitary of the cellblocks at the prison, housing 1,000 African-American prisoners and resulting in six prisoners for each nine by thirteen-foot cell.83 In just four years, the population at the Missouri State Penitentiary rose to 4,577 in 1932.84 77 O’Hare, 62. 78 Ibid, 96. 79 The “Rings” was a form of punishment involving binding a prisoner’s hands and attaching them to a ring high on a wall so as to force the prisoner to stand with his or her feet barely touching the ground. Schreiber and Moeller, 85. 80 The Statesman. Jefferson City News Tribune's State News Journal, Volume 10, No. 2, February 1998. 81 “Prison Visitors Must Pay,” Weekly Kansas City Star, September 30, 1925, 2; Biennial Report: Department of Penal Institutions: 1929-1930 (Jefferson City, MO: Botz Printing and Stationery Co.), 5. 82 “Prison Population To New High Record,” Joplin Globe, April 10, 1928, 1. 83 Biennial Report: Department of Penal Institutions: 1929-1930, 4, 6. 84 Ibid, 133-134. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 44 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) From March 26 to March 28, 1930, numerous prisoners refused to work in a plot to take over two factories, which resulted in a general riot at the prison.85 The unrest prompted prison officials to request that Lafayette Street be closed from Water Street to the river so that a new gate could be constructed. A new stone wall with a large round-arch entry and heavy steel gate was constructed at the corner of Lafayette and Water streets (Figure 19). Three acres of land west of Lafayette that contained a canning factory and garage was also enclosed at that time by 8-foot-high steel fencing.86 Two pivotal laws, the Hawes-Cooper Act of 1929 and Ashurst-Sumners Act of 1935, triggered a sharp decline in the number of goods manufactured in prisons across the country. These laws gave various states power to regulate the sale of prison goods and made it a federal offense to ship prison goods into any state without following the laws of that state. By 1938, 34 states had passed laws prohibiting the importing of prison goods. Five other states required labeling of prison goods.87 By December 1930, all of the factories at the penitentiary had cut production in half.88 By 1938, only half of the prison population was able to work in factories. Limited production at that time was partly in response to dwindling markets and partly to alleviate fears of flooding local markets with lower priced goods, which created a hostile environment for the prison in general.89 Despite these declines, new factories were constructed, including a shoe factory and twine factory, completed in January 1938.90 The 1930s marked a period of reform in the treatment of prisoners. Prisoners were no longer required to move about in lock-step formation. Educational programs were sponsored by outside groups, particularly religious institutions. Inmates were taught to play musical instruments, and illiterate inmates were taught to read and write. Though the prison had its own concert band as early as 1899, recreational activities organized by prison officials as part of the rehabilitation process were not introduced until the late 1920s.91 Movies began to be shown at the penitentiary, charging inmates a small fee. Recreational programs were often 85 “Iron Rule in Force at Penitentiary,” Jefferson City Post Tribune, May 28, 1930, 1. 86 “Iron Rule in Force at Penitentiary,” Jefferson City Post Tribune, May 28, 1930, 5. 87 Report of the Department of Penal Institutions State of Missouri: 1937-1938 (Jefferson City: Tribune Printing Company, State Printers and Binders, 1938), 11 88 Biennial Report, 1929-1930, 11. 89 Report of the Department of Penal Institutions State of Missouri: 1937-1938, 11. 90 Ibid 11. 91 Schreiber and Moeller, 114. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 45 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) directed by the chaplain of the prison. By 1938, a recreation fund had been created from admission fees charged for the movies. The fund was used to purchase athletic equipment, musical instruments, and movies. Team sports, such as baseball and football, were also part of the recreational program by the late 1930s. By 1938, the prison band had 35 pieces and the orchestra had 14 pieces.92 In May 1937, the Missouri legislature passed a bill allowing death sentences to be carried out by administration of lethal gas.93 Prior death sentences were carried out by hanging at the local county jail.94 By November 1937, the penitentiary had installed a metal gas chamber (Photograph 13) manufactured by Eaton Metal Products of Denver, Colorado.95 The chamber was tested on November 15 using a hog. At that time, the stone building that was to house the chamber was still under construction, using inmate labor.96 The total cost of the small rock building was $3,570 (Photograph 12). The first executions, those of John Brown and William Wright were carried out on March 4, 1938.97 The next expansion of the penitentiary, influenced by the reforms, was financed through the Public Works Administration (PWA). As early as 1934, the state was awarded a $3,778,000 PWA grant to modernize the state penal and mental institutions. The state supplemented the PWA funds with a $10 million bond issue.98 The funding was stalled for several years as the director of federal prisons, Sanford Bates, favored building a new prison instead of rehabilitating the State penitentiary. Then Missouri Governor Lloyd C. Stark met with President Franklin D. Roosevelt in April 1937 to discuss release of the PWA funding. A compromise was reached that called for a new minimum security prison to be constructed outside Jefferson City and the remainder of the funds to be expended on the existing penitentiary.99 A new, five-story, 240- bed hospital (non-extant) was constructed using PWA funds as well as a food service building (non-extant), two new housing units (extant), a garage, a transfer warehouse (non-extant), a trustees’ dormitory (non-extant), an administration building (non-extant), an interconnecting 92 Report of the Department of Penal Institutions State of Missouri: 1937-1938, 152-153. 93 “Bill Providing Executions in Prison Passes,” Daily Capital News, May 19, 1937, 1. 94 Schreiber and Moeller, 156. 95 The Eaton Metal Products Company was the sole manufacturer of metal gas chambers since 1933. “Denver Firm Still Has Specifications On Building Gas Chamber, Observer-Reporter, Washington, Pennsylvania, December 6, 1976), B-2. 96 “Hog to be First Victim of Gas Chamber,” Daily Capital News, November 16, 1937, 1. 97 “Lethal Gas Chamber is Tested and In Readiness,” Jefferson City Post-Tribune, March 3, 1938, 1. 98 “To Discuss Sale of Bond Issue,” Jefferson City Post-Tribune, August 21, 1934, 1. 99 “Stark Pleased With Future Of Prison Program,” Jefferson City Post-Tribune, April 14, 1937, 1. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 46 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) corridor (extant), and a cold storage building (non-extant)(Figure 20). The Kansas City architectural firm of Alonzo H. Gentry, Voskamp and Neville was chosen to design the two new housing units, cold storage unit, the central corridor connecting the new housing units to Housing Unit 1, and alterations to the administration building.100 All of the buildings were constructed of the same deep red brick with white trim. The state building commission let $2,917,889 of contracts for the PWA projects in early April 1937. The hospital building was designed by Kansas City architect Charles A. Smith and cost $370,594 with the general construction contract going to E. C. Childers Construction Company of Kansas City.101 The dormitory cost $100,000 and was designed by Joseph Shaughnessy of Kansas City. John Schaper of Jefferson City designed the $60,000 warehouse. The St. Louis firm of Klipstein & Rathman designed the $300,000 women’s prison.102 The new construction at the penitentiary was completed by January 1939 (Figure 21).103 The first school to be fully operated and sanctioned by the prison administration was opened on January 2, 1940. A former dining area was renovated as a classroom where one officer and eight inmate teachers taught approximately 150 students. Textbooks and other materials were donated from schools throughout the State of Missouri. The class grew to over 700 inmates taught by two officers and 34 inmate instructors.104 On September 22, 1954, two inmates feigned illness to attract the attention of guards. The inmates then overpowered the guards and stole the keys, releasing prisoners as they fled their cellblock. Soon a large group of inmates was running loose smashing windows and furniture and setting anything flammable ablaze.105 The large-scale riot lasted 15 hours before state troopers, national guardsmen, local police, and prison guards were able to bring the riot under control. The riot left seven buildings destroyed by fire, including the factory building, machine shop, auto tag plant, state clothing shop, and numerous industrial buildings (Figure 22). Five prisoners were killed during the riot.106 Many guards and inmates were also seriously injured. The damage to the prison was estimated between three and five million dollars. The 100 “Rebuilding To Begin Early In Summer,” Jefferson City Post-Tribune, December 23, 1935, 1, 6. 101 “State Awards Contracts For Prison Program,” Jefferson City Post-Tribune, April 22, 1937, 1. 102 “Rebuilding To Begin Early In Summer,” 6 103 “State Construction in Past Four Years in Jefferson City,” Jefferson City Post-Tribune, January 30, 1939, 19. 104 Schreiber and Moeller, 159. 105 Schreiber and Moeller, 187. 106 Ibid, 200-203. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 47 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) watchtowers along the perimeter of the boundary wall were immediately replaced with new watchtowers with better visibility and communications. Prisoners reported the main cause of the riot was the newly appointed parole board consisted of three former highway patrol officers. The prisoners thought that former “cops” could not be impartial.107 Several smaller riots erupted in October, food being the chief instigating factor. Missouri Governor Phil Donnelly appointed a special Penal Survey Committee to investigate the cause of the riot and make recommendations on reforming the prison. The committee found that A-Hall (Housing Unit 4) was extremely overcrowded with six men per cell stating, “The conditions of filth and congestion and the general atmosphere of this particular cell hall defies adequate description.”108 The committee also found that the prisoner’s complaints regarding the poor quality of the food was legitimate: It was not quite clear to the committee why, with refrigerator lockers so liberally stocked with quantities of beef and pork, that so little of these items seemed to reach the mess halls of the main prison population…The meat served in the dining room on the evening of November 18 was supposed to be chipped beef with a pinkish gravy. It was a most unpalatable looking concoction. The man in charge of the kitchen bears the title of Chef. Before he came to the institution in 1933 he was a taxicab driver and frankly admitted that he had no formal or scientific education in the handling and preparation of food.109 The Great Riot of 1954 initiated new reforms to prevent prison violence and eliminate racial segregation. In 1954, based on recommendations from the Special Penal Survey Committee, the Missouri Department of Corrections was reorganized into six divisions: Administration, Prison Industries, Prison Farms, Inmate Education, Training Schools, and Probation and Parole.110 A new director of corrections, James D. Carter, who was selected in 1955, began to institute small yet significant reforms, including formal training of guards and eliminating possession of clubs by the guards, in an effort to improve inmate morale. These extensive reforms would take several years to complete. 107 Ibid, 190. 108 Ibid, 205. 109 Ibid, 207. 110 Ibid, 205-208. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 48 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) On January 17, 1963, the Moberly Medium Security Prison was dedicated. Governor John Dalton called the prison, “the first of its kind in the world, and the center of international attention.”111 This prison was designed to house model prisoners and a stringent set of guidelines was developed for any prisoners wanting to transfer from the penitentiary in Jefferson City. Just two weeks after dedication, twenty prisoners arrived at the new prison. 112 The period of significance for the Missouri State Penitentiary ended in 1963, as it was no longer the only operating penitentiary in Missouri. This new prison did not ease the overcrowded conditions at the penitentiary as cells were still crammed with four to eight prisoners. Many of the housing units were in a dilapidated condition, so much so that in June 1964 Director of Prisons James D. Carter and Warden Nash closed down A-Hall (Housing Unit 4), which housed black prisoners. In an attempt at desegregation, eight black prisoners were moved into two all-white housing units. A vicious attack on a group of black prisoners on June 9, 1964 prompted officials to keep the black prisoners separate.113 Full integration at the prison wouldn’t occur until 1973. The reformation continued into the mid-1960s. In 1965, under a new progressive warden, Harold R. Swenson, new buildings were built and improvements made to the athletic facilities. These buildings were designed to help inmates use their time more constructively. A new gymnasium was built in 1965 and a recreation building was completed in 1966 (Photograph 18). A baseball diamond was laid out over the old quarry grounds with a grandstand, concrete bleachers, and dugouts built in 1966. The last buildings constructed inside the penitentiary walls were the All-Faith Chapel and the Education Building in 1980. The Education Building was built on the limestone foundation of the original dining hall, which burned down in the 1954 riot. Plans to rebuild a replacement prison for the antiquated facility had begun in 1999. In 2001, ground was broken for the Jefferson City Correctional Center just east of the city. In 2002, a large section of the boundary wall at the Missouri State Penitentiary collapsed on East Capitol Avenue. One year later, an inmate, who was on duty at the ice plant with two other prisoners, was found dead in Housing Unit 5. The other two prisoners were nowhere to be found. It took 111 Ibid, 215. 112 Ibid. 113 Ibid, 218-219. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 49 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) four days to find the prisoners who had hidden in a hollow space in a concrete wall.114 The wall collapse and near prisoner escape confirmed the need to close the prison. In 2004, the Missouri State Penitentiary was decommissioned and abandoned. The penitentiary was obsolete and too costly for the state to operate. Security at the prison was antiquated, having no master lock.115 The landscape and configuration of buildings did not provide the proper line of sight to supervise the inmates. After the prison closed in 2004, the baseball diamond area was converted into a parking lot. The chapel, education building, and corridor canteen were demolished in 2012. Other buildings were demolished in 2013 and 2014, including warehouses, the west section of the north wall, the diesel plant, the power plant, and I-Hall. Further damage to existing structures occurred during the May 22, 2019 tornado. The former prison took a direct hit that resulted in the roof being completely torn off Housing Unit 4 and a partial wall collapse of the northeast wall. Criterion A: LAW The historic district is significant under Criterion A at the state level in the area of law as the only state penitentiary in Missouri for a period of 127 years. It represents the evolution of incarceration in Missouri from its beginning in 1833 as a prison where the Auburn system of punishment was followed evolving into a reformed penal system that used education and recreation as a means of prisoner rehabilitation. The first jail in the state may have been the masonry tower at Fort San Carlos, built for the Battle of St. Louis in 1780. The earliest criminals in the state were likely held in similar local jails until they could be tried and sentenced. In 1823, the wood frame Cole County jail (NR Listed 04/03/73) was constructed in Marion, then the county seat.116 In 1833, the newly established Missouri State Penitentiary was as the only state prison and continued as the only state prison until 1963. Its construction may have solidified Jefferson City’s choice as the capitol of the state, which was controversial as it was but a fledgling town at that time compared to St. Louis and Kansas City, and was perhaps a primary motivating factor for the facility’s construction in that city. While there were critics of having only one state prison, repeated attempts to fund 114 Ibid, 222-223. 115 The Statesman. 116 Patricia Holmes, National Register nomination for Cole County Courthouse and Jail-Sheriff’s House, 1972, 11. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 50 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) additional prisons throughout its long history failed until 1963 when the Medium Security Prison at Moberly was constructed.117 The Missouri State Penitentiary opened in 1836 and began admitting prisoners almost immediately. The first prisoners came from all over the state, from Green County to St. Louis for sentences including grand larceny and “stabbing with intent to kill.”118 However, in the early decades of its existence, most of the offenses committed by prisoners were non-violent crimes such as grand larceny. More serious crimes often resulted in execution, which was carried out at county jails until execution by lethal gas was authorized by the Missouri State Legislature in 1937. Executions were then carried out at the Missouri State Penitentiary. As more serious criminals were admitted, the practice of mixing serious criminals with first- time offenders became a concern. In order to separate the young offenders in particular, the Reformatory for Boys at Boonville was established in 1887. Young male offenders that ranged in age from ten to seventeen years were sent to the reformatory. Many of these young men were orphans or unwanted children that society believed could be reformed through education and hard work. As such, the buildings at the reformatory were constructed more like educational buildings than penal institutions. At that same time, the State Training School for Girls (NR Listed 4/19/10) was established in Chillicothe, Missouri.119 A third reformatory was constructed in 1909, the State Industrial Home for Negro Girls, at Tipton, Missouri.120 These reformatories differed from the penitentiary as the goal of these institutions was reform of prisoners through education, religious reflection, and work. The penitentiary, under the Auburn system, was designed strictly as a place or punishment where strict silence and hard work advocated by the Auburn prison system was the norm. All of these reformatories were eventually incorporated into the prison system in the 1980s when training schools are phased out in favor of community treatment programs. The Training School for Girls was re- established as the Chillicothe Correctional Center in 1981. The reformatory at Boonville became the minimum-security Boonville Correctional Facility in 1983. In 1960, the State Industrial Home for Negro Girls becomes an adult female prison. Just 15 years later, the facility 117 Schreiber and Moeller, 75. 118 Nesheim, 29-30. 119 Schreiber and Moeller, 42-47. 120 Ibid, 88. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 51 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) changes to become the State Correctional Pre-Release Center for male prisoners nearing the end of their terms.121 Prison farms, like reformatories, were built in the early twentieth century and designed to separate first-time offenders from the general population while producing meat and produce for consumption at the prison. Around 1910, a small, 38-acre farm, Prison Farm No. 1 (non- extant), was established directly east of the penitentiary on Minor’s Hill. By 1926, this became the female prison, replacing the female dormitory within the walls of the penitentiary. In 1917, Prison Farm No. 2 (non-extant) was established in Callaway County. The third prison farm that operated as a dairy farm was established in the 1920s near Algoa. In 1932, an intermediate reformatory was constructed at the Algoa farm. The complex consisted of ten limestone dormitories built around a quadrangle. Male offenders between the ages of seventeen and twenty-five could be housed at the institution.122 The last prison farm was the Church Farm, established in 1938, in Cole County, Missouri in the hills along the Missouri River. Unlike reformatories, prison farms remained active until the 1980s as minimum-security work farms. At the Algoa farm, farming operations were scaled back in 1986 and a perimeter fence was installed around the facility in 1989 (extant, now the Algoa Correctional Facility). The Church farm continued operation until the late 1980s when an investigation found mismanagement at the facility. The focus changed to education, training, and work release and the facility was renamed the Central Missouri Correctional Center.123 Until the first federal prison in the U.S. was constructed at Leavenworth, Kansas, federal prisoners were housed at the Missouri State Penitentiary.124 Only one federal prison facility was located in Missouri: The Medical Center in Springfield, Missouri. In 1930, this medical center for federal prisoners was opened to address physical and mental disorders of all federal prisoners in the nationwide system.125 121 Ibid, 288-292. 122 Ibid, 142. 123 Ibid, 288-289. 124 Anecdotally, federal prisoners were known to be housed at the state penitentiary. However, it is unknown when that practice stopped. Biennial reports and other records provide rosters of inmates but don’t make the distinction between federal and state prisoners. 125 Springfield-Greene County Public Library, Historical Postcards of Springfield, Missouri: United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners, website accessed on April 1, 2015 at http://thelibrary.org/lochist/postcards/medical_center_2.cfm . NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 52 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) Facilities currently in the state prison system such as the Western Region Treatment Center in St. Joseph and the Farmington Correctional Facility started out as state mental health facilities in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries but were later incorporated into the prison system in the 1980s. Around that same time, the prison system greatly expanded with new correctional centers at Fordland (Ozark Correctional Center), Fulton Correctional Center, Cameron (Western Missouri Correctional Center), Pacific (Eastern Missouri Correctional Center) and Potosi Correctional Center.126 While there were numerous reformatories and work farms constructed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, none served the same purpose as the state penitentiary, which under the Auburn system was to punish prisoners with the intent of creating an atmosphere that would deter the prisoners from repeat offenses. As the only such facility in the state, the prison was in a constant state of construction to accommodate an increasing number of inmates and the factories and workshops that were a necessary part of the Auburn prison system. Criterion C: ARCHITECTURE The Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District is locally significant because it is a strong local representation of the Gothic Revival and High Victorian Gothic styles as applied to an institutional facility. The district is also Jefferson City’s only example of penal architecture. The Cole County Courthouse and Jail (NR Listed 04/03/73), constructed in 1897, was the only other site of jurisprudence in the city and it was constructed in the Romanesque Revival style. Gothic Revival has its roots in the nostalgia for ancient cultures inherent in the Romantic Movement of late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Features such as towers, battlements with machicolation, heavy masonry walls, narrow windows, pointed arch windows, portcullis’ and buttresses were borrowed from the military architecture of the period. These features served the purpose of defense necessary in the castles of the medieval period and conveyed a sense of power and foreboding that was romanticized in the early nineteenth century as instilling a variety of reactions in the viewer including mystery, power, terror, death, and benevolence.127 The characteristics of Gothic military architecture meshed well with the guiding principles of penal architecture, which developed slowly in Europe from the 1400s to the 1700s including 126 Schreiber and Moeller, 254. 127 Kenneth Clark, The Gothic Revival, An Essay in the History of Taste, 1929. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 53 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) security from escape, defense from outside forces, supervision of prisoners, prevention of corruption through mutual contact amongst prisoners, and punishment.128 Indeed, the dungeons of castles were the earliest prisons and it is apropos that the stylistic features of these monumental structures were favored for penal architecture of the reform era. These guiding principles married the need for providing security with the desire to portray the stern function of imprisonment. The exterior of a prison was to evoke fear and present a somber appearance that would deter crime. As Norman Johnston states in his book, Forms of Constraint, “The external appearance particularly was to send a message to both the inmates and the public concerning the punishment process itself, conveying an object lesson in the purpose of law.”129 By the late 1700s, prominent prison architects such as John Haviland adopted the characteristics of medieval military architecture in their designs to achieve the intimidating exterior desired for prisons in the United States. The towers, crenellated parapets, massive walls, secure entryway, and narrow windows were adapted to fit more modern rectangular and radial forms organized under the Auburn and Pennsylvania systems respectively. By the 1830s, when the Missouri State Penitentiary was established, the penal style of architecture was well established. The earliest extant housing units in the district exhibit all the significant characteristics of the Gothic Revival style as applied to penal institutions. Housing Unit 4, designed by Warden Horace Swift and constructed in 1868, exhibits the most basic elements of High Victorian Gothic style penal architecture: slender round arch windows, heavy limestone walls, and limestone belt courses. The limestone walls, slender turrets with loopholes, pointed arch windows, shaped parapets, and central entrance are all Gothic Revival stylistic elements exhibited in Housing Unit 1. Built in 1905, the architects, Eckel & Mann, blended these elements with characteristics of the High Victorian Gothic style including a central tower with decorative plaques, smooth limestone lintels, and use of different size stones in the wall to create a banded effect. The form of the building with its hipped roof, shaped parapets, and central tower is more in keeping with the eclectic styles of the period, which seems appropriate given the use of Housing Unit 1 as administrative offices as well as a housing unit. Housing Unit 3, built in 1918 and designed by H.H. Hohenschild, is the purest adaptation of the Gothic Revival stylistic elements common to medieval military architecture to an Auburn plan prison with its limestone walls, octagonal towers, pointed arch vents, simple buttresses and a crenellated parapet. The influence of the Auburn plan and the need for abundant light and air to guard against tuberculosis is evident in 128 Johnston, 28-41, 44. 129 Johnston, 85. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 54 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) use of large three-story windows rather than the slender windows typical of the Gothic Revival style. Even the limestone boundary wall with its rough-faced limestone blocks and rounded guard towers reinforces the Gothic Revival style influence on the complex. Together, Housing Units 1, 3 and 4 and the limestone boundary wall strongly represent penal architecture in the Gothic Revival and High Victorian Gothic styles in Jefferson City. Housing Units 2, 5, and the remaining brick corridor represent PWA architecture present within the district. In stark contrast to the Gothic Revival and High Victorian Gothic styles, the PWA structures shifted to a more minimalistic design with horizontal lines enhanced by the bands of dark red brick prevalent in that style. The PWA architecture of the prison is more designed for utilitarian function over high design, though elements of the Modern Movement can be seen through the flat roofs and horizontal influence and are unique in Jefferson City. Architects of the Missouri State Penitentiary John Haviland John Haviland was born in Somerset, England, in 1792. He studied under well-known London architect, James Elmes. Elmes was not known for prison design, but would publish a pamphlet on prison planning in 1817. After a brief time in Russia, Haviland arrived in Philadelphia in 1816 and immediately opened a school of architectural drawing. He began to receive commissions for churches, public buildings, and residences. In 1821, the Pennsylvania legislature held a design competition for a new penitentiary in Philadelphia. Haviland’s plan won. The penitentiary in Philadelphia was the first to be designed using the Pennsylvania system of strict solitary confinement. Under the new system Haviland had no experience on which to draw and thus created a novel radial plan with a central hub. The design transformed Haviland into an internationally renowned prison architect who would go on to design prisons in New York City and Trenton and Newark in New Jersey.130 Eckel & Mann, Architect, St. Joseph, Missouri Edmond J. Eckel was born in Strasbourg, France, in 1845. He studied architecture at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. Immigrating to the United States in 1868, he settled in St. Joseph, Missouri. He initially worked for a local architect, P.F. Meagher, and then joined the firm of 130 Norman Johnston, Pioneers in Criminology (Montclair, New Jersey: Patterson Smith, 1971), Chapter 6. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 55 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) Stigers and Boettner. In 1872, he became a partner in that firm, replacing Stigers. From 1880 to 1893, Eckel worked with George R. Mann, an architect from Indiana who had studied at M.I.T. and had previously practiced in Minneapolis, Detroit, and Washington, D.C. as a draftsman. The firm primarily designed buildings and residences in St. Joseph. In 1890 Eckel & Mann won the competition for a new city hall in St. Louis with their French Renaissance Revival design entitled "St. Louis 1892.” In 1892, the partnership dissolved and a year later Eckel established his own practice.131 George Mann moved to Little Rock, Arkansas, to design the new state capitol and continued to work in that state until 1928.132 H.H. Hohenschild, Architect, St. Louis, Missouri Henry H. Hohenschild was a self-trained architect who lived in Rolla, Missouri, for 30 years around the turn of the century. In 1899, he was appointed the architect for the State of Missouri. Some of his notable Missouri state buildings included the Asylum for the Insane in Farmington in 1901, the Tuberculosis Sanitarium in Mount Vernon in 1905, and the temporary state capitol building in Jefferson City in 1912.133 In 1915, Hohenschild designed two buildings for the Booneville State Reformatory.134 Hohenschild is perhaps most well-known for designing a large number of courthouses in Missouri in the early twentieth century. He moved to St. Louis in 1913, entering into practice with Angelo Corrubia and Gale Henderson. On February 3, 1928, Hohenschild died. Well known across the state, Hohenschild’s obituary appeared on the front page of the St. Louis Globe-Democrat.135 Conclusion The Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District stands as a testament to the long 168-year history of penology in the State of Missouri. Despite constant changes to its built environment to keep pace with its population growth and evolution of penology theory and practice, the historic district still significantly represents the Auburn system of management and prison 131 Noelle Soren, National Register Nomination for Edmond Jacques Eckel House, 1979, 5. 132 Charles Witsell, Jr., “George R. Mann (1856-1939),” The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture website,accessed December 11, 2014, at http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry- detail.aspx?entryID=2117. 133 Ryan Reed, “Henry H. Hohenschild: Rolla’s Architect”, Rolla Preservation Alliance website, accessed November 7, 2014, at http://rollapreservation.blogspot.com/2013/01/henry-h-hohenschild-rollas-architect.html. 134 Engineering and Contracting 44(1), 41. 135 Reed. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 56 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) construction and its evolution into a reform prison focused on rehabilitation of the individual. The oldest extant housing unit, Housing 4 (A-Hall), was constructed more as a Pennsylvania- style prison. However, all the housing units constructed thereafter displayed the hallmark features of Auburn-style prisons, including the back-to-back cellblocks that were independent of the outer walls of the building. Early housing units were constructed by inmate labor and were designed by prominent local architects, including Eckel & Mann, Henry Hohenschild in High Victorian Gothic and High Victorian Gothic Revival styles. The Auburn system and a series of leases and contracts to use prison labor for industries shaped the built environment inside the confines of the boundary wall. Factories, such as the Sullivan Saddle Tree and Priesmeyer’s Shoe and Boot Factory, were key to the success of the Auburn system. Support facilities, such as kitchens and dining halls, grew in size with the population. The most sweeping change in the prison occurred in the 1930s with the construction of a hospital, a food service building, two new housing units, a garage, a transfer warehouse, a trustees’ dormitory, an administration building, an interconnecting corridor, and a cold storage building, many of which were located to the west across Lafayette Street. In 1954, a large-scale riot at the prison caused significant damage to seven buildings and left five prisoners dead. Reforms after the riot affected change in the built environment with new guard towers along the boundary wall. General reform in prisoner rehabilitation in the 1960s prompted construction of new recreational buildings, including the gymnasium and athletic facilities. In 2004, the prison was closed, citing outdated security and deteriorating buildings and structures. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 57 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page 58 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES Baigell, Matthew Eli. John Haviland. Dissertation in the History of Art. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, May 1965. Barnes, Harry Elmer. “The Evolution of American Criminal Jurisprudence as Illustrated By the Criminal Code of Pennsylvania.” The Open Court, Volume 37, No. 6. Chicago: The Open Court Publishing Company, 1923. Brzuchalski, Charlie. Personal interview with Louis Berger architectural historian Camilla Deiber. November 6, 2014. Biennial Report of the Board of Inspectors of the Missouri Penitentiary, to the Thirtieth General Assembly for the Years 1877 and 1878. Jefferson City: Carter & Regan, State Printer and Binder, 1879. Biennial Report of the Board of Inspectors of the Missouri State Penitentiary: 1891-1892. Jefferson City, Missouri: Tribune Printing Company, 1893. Biennial Report of the Board of Inspectors, Warden, Physician, and Chaplain of the Missouri State Penitentiary: 1895-1896. Jefferson City, Missouri: Tribune Printing Company, 1896. Biennial Report of the Board of Inspectors, Warden, Physician and Chaplain to the 43rd General Assembly: 1903-1904. Jefferson City, Missouri: Tribune Printing Company, State Printers and Binders, 1906, p. 6. Biennial Report: Department of Penal Institutions: 1929-1930, Jefferson City, Missouri: Botz Printing and Stationery Co., 1930. “Bill Providing Executions in Prison Passes.” Daily Capital News, May 19, 1937. “Building News.” The American Architect 99 (1853). Clark, Kenneth. The Gothic Revival, An Essay in the History of Taste. 1929. Cole County Historical Society. Horace A. Swift. Biographies from Cole County People, Biographical Sketches. Jefferson City, MO: Cole County Historical Society. Accessed at http://www.colecohistsoc.org/bios/bio_s.html. “Denver Firm Still Has Specifications On Building Gas Chamber.” Observer-Reporter, Washington, Pennsylvania. December 6, 1976. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page 59 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) Engineering and Contracting 44(1):41. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. [ESRI]. Bing Maps Hybrid data layer. Imagery overlaid with roads and labels, 2013. ESRI GIS and Mapping Software, Redlands, California. GIS Basemap imagery accessed March 2015 via ArcMap 10.2 (http://www.arcgis.com/home/search.html?q=bing&t=content). . World Street Map data layer. Street-level data for the United States. ESRI GIS and Mapping Software, Redlands, California. GIS Basemap imagery accessed January 2015 via ArcMap 10.2 (http://goto.arcgisonline.com/maps/World_Street_Map). “Hog to be First Victim of Gas Chamber.” Daily Capital News, November 16, 1937, p. 1. Holmes, Patricia. National Register nomination for Cole County Courthouse and Jail-Sheriff’s House. 1972. Jeffersonian Republican. April 9, 1842, p. 1. Jefferson City Democrat Tribune. October 17, 1911. p. 1.C.3. Jefferson City Daily Tribune. May 24, 1891. Johnston, Norman B. Pioneers in Criminology. Montclair, New Jersey: Patterson Smith, 1971. . Forms of Constraint: A History of Prison Architecture. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2000. Kremer, Gary R. Heartland History. St. Louis, Missouri: G. Bradley Publishing Company, 2000. “Lethal Gas Chamber is Tested and In Readiness.” Jefferson City Post-Tribune, March 3, 1938. Missouri Intelligencer, December 6, 1834. “Missouri Penitentiary: The Improvements in Progress.” Jefferson City People’s Tribune, September 6, 1876. Nesheim, William Charles. A History of The Missouri State Penitentiary: 1833-1875. Master’s thesis. Kansas City: University of Missouri-Kansas City, 1971. “New Dining Hall at Penitentiary.” Jefferson City Cole County Democrat, May 21, 1886. “News of Yesteryear.” Nevada Daily Mail, March 25, 1964, p. 2. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page 60 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) O’Hare, Kate Richards. In Prison. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1923. “Penitentiary: What Warden Marmaduke Has Been Doing.” Cole County Democrat, June 26, 1885. “Prison Population To New High Record.” Joplin Globe, April 10, 1928. “Prison Visitors Must Pay.” Weekly Kansas City Star, September 30, 1925. “Rebuilding To Begin Early In Summer.” Jefferson City Post-Tribune, December 23, 1935. Reed, Ryan. “Henry H. Hohenschild: Rolla’s Architect.” Rolla Preservation Alliance website, accessed November 7, 2014, at http://rollapreservation.blogspot.com/2013/01/henry-h- hohenschild-rollas- architect.html. Report of the Department of Penal Institutions Covering the Biennial Period Ending December 31, 1918 To the 50th General Assembly. Jefferson City: Tribune Printing Company, State Printers and Binders, 1923. Report of the Missouri State Prison Board Covering the Biennial Period Ending December 31, 1918 To the 50th General Assembly. Jefferson City: Tribune Printing Company, State Printers and Binders, 1919. Report of the Missouri State Prison Board Covering the Biennial Period Ending December 31, 1920 To the 51st General Assembly. Jefferson City: Tribune Printing Company, State Printers and Binders, 1921. Report of the Department of Penal Institutions State of Missouri: 1937-1938. Jefferson City: Tribune Printing Company, State Printers and Binders, 1938. “Rigid Discipline To Be Carried Out At The Prison.” Jefferson City Tribune, January 30, 1925. Sanborn Fire Insurance Company. Maps, 1885, 1892, 1898, 1908, 1916, 1923, 1939, and 1943. Schreiber, Mark and Laura Burkhardt Moeller. Somewhere in Time: 170 Years of Missouri Corrections. Marceline, Missouri: Walsworth Publishing Company, 2004. Ryder, J. Anne. "Auburn State Prison." Encyclopedia Britannica, June 18, 2013. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Auburn-State-Prison. Schreiber, Mark. Shanks to Shakers: Reflections of the Missouri State Penitentiary. Jefferson City: Walsworth Publishing Company, 2011. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page 61 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) Soren, Noelle. National Register Nomination for Edmond Jacques Eckel House, 1979. Springfield-Greene County Public Library. Historical Postcards of Springfield, Missouri: United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners. website accessed on April 1, 2015 at http://thelibrary.org/lochist/postcards/medical_center_2.cfm. Sturdevant, Craig. Cultural Resource Investigations: Phase II Testing, MSP Redevelopment Project, Cole County, Missouri. June 2011. “Stark Pleased With Future Of Prison Program.” Jefferson City Post-Tribune, April 14, 1937. “State Awards Contracts For Prison Program.” Jefferson City Post-Tribune, April 22, 1937. “State Construction in Past Four Years in Jefferson City.” Jefferson City Post-Tribune, January 30, 1939. “Supervisor.” Daily Democrat-Tribune, September 10, 1913. “The State’s Prison.” The State Republican, October 8, 1891. The Statesman. Jefferson City News Tribune's State News Journal, Volume 10, No. 2, , February 1998. “To Discuss Sale of Bond Issue.” Jefferson City Post-Tribune, August 21, 1934. United States Geological Survey [USGS]. USGS High Resolution Orthoimagery, 2011. The National Map Viewer, United States Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. Accessed online January 2015 at <http://nationalmap.gov/viewer.html>. Witsell, Jr., Charles. “George R. Mann (1856-1939).” The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture website. Accessed December 11, 2014, at http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry- detail.aspx?entryID=2117. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page 62 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 10 Page 63 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) Latitude/Longitude Coordinates 38.574769, -92.159970 Verbal Boundary Description The Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District includes the following lots in the City of Jefferson. Inlots 154-157; Part Inlots 196, 200, and 225-229, Adjacent Vacant Right of Way, Part of the Original City of Jefferson, and the eastern approximately 350 feet of Inlots 217-224. See Figure 2 for historic district boundary. Boundary Justification This boundary encompasses all buildings and structures that were associated with the Missouri State Penitentiary during the period of significance that are currently located within the existing prison walls. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 64 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) FIGURE 1: Location of Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District (MidMOGIS Map 2022) Legend ----- Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 65 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) FIGURE 2: Coordinates Map of Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District (MidMOGIS Map 2022) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 66 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) FIGURE 3: Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District (ESRI ArcMAP 2022) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 67 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) Table 1. Resources in the Missouri State Penitentiary Historic District (Figure 3) No. Resource Name Resource Type Contributing Status Date Constructed 1 Housing Unit 4 Building Contributing 1868 2 J.S. Sullivan Saddle Tree Factory Building Building Contributing 1892 3 Priesmeyer’s Boot and Shoe Factory Building Contributing 1889 4 Housing Unit 1 Building Contributing 1905 5 Housing Unit 3 Building Contributing 1914-1918 6 Gas Chamber Building Contributing 1937 7 Housing Unit 2 Building Contributing 1938 8 Housing Unit 5 Building Contributing 1938 9 Corridor Building Contributing 1938 10 Central Clothing and School Building Building Non-Contributing 1957 11 Gymnasium Building Contributing 1964 12 Quadrangle Site Contributing 1890-1964 13 Former Hobby Craft Building Site Non-contributing 1968 14 Former Factory Area Site Non-contributing 2014 15 Parking Lot Structure Non-contributing 2005 16 Stone Sidewalk Structure Contributing 1940 17 Boundary Wall Structure Contributing 1885-ca. 1927 18 Centennial Cells Site Contributing ca. 1876 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 68 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) FIGURE 4: Historic District Photo Key (ESRI ArcMAP 2022) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 69 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) FIGURE 5: Damage to Tower 3 and Factory (Former Priesmeyer Boot Factory) from 1954 Riot (MSP Collection, Missouri State Archives) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 70 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) FIGURE 6: Bird’s-eye View of Quadrangle in 1954 (MSP Collection, Missouri State Archives) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 71 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) FIGURE 7: Haviland Plan for Missouri State Penitentiary (Baigell 1965) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 72 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) FIGURE 8: Inmates Marching on Grounds, 1900-1905, A-Hall in Background (MSP Collection, Missouri State Archives) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 73 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) FIGURE 10: 1869 Bird’s-Eye View of Jefferson City, Close-up of Prison (Library of Congress) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 74 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) FIGURE 11: Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Missouri State Penitentiary, 1885 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 75 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) FIGURE 12: Postcard Showing Four-Story Dining Hall, ca. 1900 (MSP Collection, Missouri State Archives) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 76 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) FIGURE 13: Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Missouri State Penitentiary, 1892 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 77 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 78 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) FIGURE 15: Postcard View of Housing Unit 1, 1910 (Summers Collection, Missouri State Archives) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 79 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) FIGURE 16: Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Missouri State Penitentiary, 1908 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 80 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 81 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 82 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 83 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 84 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) FIGURE 21: Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Missouri State Penitentiary, 1939 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Figures Page 85 Missouri State Penitentiary Name of Property Cole County, Missouri County and State N/A Name of multiple listing (if applicable) �i .` ._•...eiiti • • ••..., • ? • 117! .1v • Y:• • ,? 1 r ,its .• •=y ' �4+ w. r :°'yt`� iry .�. -7'.t i.►�L.'�• vrPhe�i'[ �..?• • / / (.'<:, 4:7' T 44*.�" t\ •. �� / sr"r . / i / / / . ) ..//1:c7..- /?`' , ,,%} C ///,/// /// / /, ' •/ . - / / /-/ / / / / / / / / / / . / /, • / / / ./-/ / / / / / / / / / / /.r. / afv . 1 / // / //////!// / ' , //';Jry - ' '1/ /,/l./ / / ,-- ./ / / / /Y, 4, .e.' •L. .. 7i 'I / / / ' / / / /I r %� ♦1: ". 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