HomeMy Public PortalAboutBrewster COA Needs Assessment SurveyTOWN OF BREWSTER
COUNCIL ON AGING
1673 Main Street
Brewster, MA 02631
Phone 508.896.2737
http://brewster-ma.gov/council-on-aging
UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON
GERONTOLOGY INSTITUTE
100 Morrissey Boulevard
Boston, MA 02125-3393
Phone 617.287.7300
www.umb.edu/demographyofaging
CENTER FOR SOCIAL & DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH ON AGING
4-16 UMass Brewster Cover_Back.pdf 1 4/19/16 1:39 PM
Center for Social & Demographic Research on Aging
Gerontology Institute
John W. McCormack Graduate School of Policy & Global Studies
University of Massachusetts Boston
The Future of Aging in the Town of Brewster:
Brewster Council on Aging Needs Assessment Study
4-16 UMass Brewster_Cover.indd 1 4/19/16 5:59 PM
Brewster
Council on Aging
1673 Main Street
Brewster, MA 02631-1898
T (508) 896-2737
F (508) 896-7587
drego@town.brewster.ma.us
i
The Future of Aging in the Town of
Brewster
Brewster Council on Aging Needs Assessment
Study
Commissioned by the Town of Brewster
Council on Aging
April 2016
Jan E. Mutchler, PhD
Ceara R. Somerville, MS
Maryam Khaniyan, MS
Mai See Yang, MS
Molly Evans, BA
Center for Social and Demographic Research on Aging
Gerontology Institute
John W. McCormack Graduate School of Policy & Global Studies
University of Massachusetts Boston
ii
Executive Summary
This report describes efforts undertaken by the Town of Brewster Council on Aging,
in partnership with the Center for Social and Demographic Research on Aging
within the Gerontology Institute at the University of Massachusetts Boston, to
investigate the needs, interests, preferences, and opinions of Brewster’s older
population. The focus of this report is on two cohorts of Brewster’s residents—
those aged 45 to 59, and the cohort of individuals who are currently aged 60 and
over (“seniors”). The content of this report is intended to inform the Town of
Brewster, the Brewster Council on Aging, and organizations that provide services to
older residents, as well as those who advocate for older people, and community
members at large.
Data for the study were drawn from several sources, including publicly available
information obtained through the U.S. Census Bureau and data collected expressly
for this study. Two forums were held in September 2015, providing an early
introduction of the project to the community. A resident survey was distributed to a
sample of 3,000 Brewster residents age 45 or older; a total of 898 responses were
received, representing an overall response rate of 30%. A convenience survey of
seasonal Brewster residents was conducted, yielding 80 responses from individuals
who live in Brewster during the summer months. Three focus groups were held,
including residents, representatives of Town offices and committees, and
representatives of nonprofits and other local organizations. Finally, information was
collected about Councils on Aging in five comparison communities.
Brewster’s older residents represent 39% of the community’s current population.
Although the total population of Brewster declined by 3% between 2000 and 2010,
the number of residents age 60 and older increased by 20% in that time frame. On
the basis of this growth, demand for programs and services that are offered by the
Brewster Council on Aging is greater today than ever before. Furthermore,
demographic projections suggest that the need for services will continue to increase
in the future.
Sample survey results suggest that the typical Brewster senior wants to stay in
Brewster moving forward. One-fifth of senior respondents reported having lived in
Brewster for at least 35 years; however, one-third have lived in the community for
less than 15 years and may have chosen Brewster as a retirement destination.
Among respondents age 45-59, 36% have resided in Brewster for at least 25 years,
suggesting that a sizable share of this group either grew up in Brewster or arrived
as young adults. Most Brewster respondents are aging with sufficient finances, good
health, and strong social support. However, segments struggle financially or
experience isolation or health concerns, and many more residents worry that
increasing costs of living, limited transportation options, access to services, or
significant health events will challenge their ability to age in place.
iii
The Brewster Council on Aging performs essential “connecting” functions to
promote health and wellness in later life—connecting seniors to needed health care
by offering transportation services, connecting older residents to socialization
opportunities at the Senior Center and elsewhere, and connecting residents who
have resource shortfalls to services for which they are eligible. The Council on
Aging, both through its own programs and in cooperation with other Town
departments, forms an essential safety net for aging individuals and families who
can benefit from additional supports.
Key issues for the Brewster Council on Aging were also identified in the study. It is
generally agreed that addressing the needs of vulnerable seniors through outreach
and other programs is a priority for the COA. Transportation, caregiving services,
and health and wellness programs are seen as priorities to the Brewster community.
Yet interest in expanded exercise programs, among other activities, is evident in
Brewster.
The building currently housing the Brewster COA was viewed by survey
respondents and focus group participants as inadequate for community needs.
Concerns were voiced about the safety of the building, especially for participants
with mobility limitations. The building is not well configured for expanded
programming, limiting the reach of the COA. Although no consensus is evident in the
community regarding what type of space would be best, it is a shared goal that
better space be made available to the COA in support of both improving access to its
current programs, and supporting expansion of programs and services. Many survey
respondents and focus group participants preferred the creation of a community
center, within which the Council on Aging could be housed.
To increase its effectiveness, the Brewster COA will need to identify and
communicate its mission more clearly; identify and secure the resources needed to
increase its impact; and take steps to ensure that residents, other Town offices, and
nonprofits working in the community know how to access COA programs. Currently,
many residents are not aware of the COA and its offerings. Lack of awareness limits
the ability of the COA to increase its impact within the Brewster community.
Key Findings in Brief
Demographic Highlights
• Forty percent of Brewster’s population is currently age 60 or older; this share is
expected to increase to 55% by 2035.
• By 2035, 19% of Brewster residents are expected to be age 80 or older.
• In Brewster as in many communities, older residents are more likely than their
younger neighbors to have low income, be disabled, and live alone.
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Community & Neighborhood
• Most Brewster survey respondents reported that staying in Brewster is
important to them.
• Cost of living, including property taxes, transportation concerns, worries about
accessing needed services, and a perceived lack of downsizing options are
viewed as barriers to aging in place.
• With respect to “age-friendly” features, access to medical services and learning
opportunities were rated positively, especially by the oldest respondents. Older
residents’ safe access to beaches and green space was rated as age-friendly by
53%-64% of respondents. Seven out of ten respondents evaluated seniors’
having a voice in Town decision-making as age-friendly.
Housing & Living Situation
• Half of Brewster’s survey respondents reported needing modifications to make
their home safer to live in over the next five years. Forty percent of respondents
needing modifications who are age 45-59, and 20% of those age 60 or older, said
they cannot afford these modifications. Many residents reported that they
already have home features in place that would support aging in place. Some
indicated that their home could not be modified adequately, or that it would not
be cost-effective to do so.
• Seniors are receptive to living in senior independent living communities if a
change in health or ability required a move, including 39% of those age 60-79
and 37% of those age 80 or older. Forty percent of the respondents age 80 or
older would prefer an assisted living if declining health required a move. Many
Brewster residents do not believe that adequate and affordable downsizing
options are currently available in Brewster.
Social Activities & Relationships
• Overall, Brewster respondents reported good emotional well-being and most
have frequent contact with friends and family.
• A segment of the Brewster community does not have frequent contact with
others, including the 8% of survey respondents age 80 or older who use the
phone, email, use social media, or get together with friends, relatives, or
neighbors less than once a week.
• Half of respondents living alone do not have a family member within 30 minutes
who could help if needed.
Health & Caregiving
• Half of the respondents age 80 or older require assistance with activities around
the house, such as housework or care of their yard. Eight percent require help
with daily activities (such as taking medication) or personal care (such as
dressing). Most receive help from family or friends; as well, 68% report paying
for help.
v
• A large share of survey respondents have provided care or assistance within the
past 5 years to a person who is disabled or frail, including 61% of those age 45-
59 and 49% of those age 60-79. A majority of those providing care described the
experience as very or somewhat challenging.
• More than half of survey respondents age 45-59, and 48% of those age 60 or
older, said that a caregiver respite program or support group would be helpful to
themselves or their families.
• Eight out of ten survey respondents reported that they “favor” or “strongly
favor” offering a Social Adult Day Care program in Brewster, including 83% of
the respondents with caregiving experience.
Transportation
• Most survey respondents drive, but 14% of those age 80 or older do not.
• Many residents modify their driving to make it safer, by avoiding driving at
night, avoiding driving in bad weather, avoiding highway driving, or other
strategies, including 32% of respondents age 45-59, 40% of those age 60-79 and
69% of those age 80 or older.
• Respondents who do not drive or who drive with modifications rely largely on
family members and friends for rides.
• Respondents who do not drive also frequently reported use of the COA B-Bus
(25%), volunteer medical transportation through the COA (23%), public
transportation (15%), and DART Dial-A-Ride (13%). Those who drive use these
options rarely.
• Just under half of survey respondents said they are completely or very satisfied
with transportation options in Brewster. Satisfaction ratings were lower for
respondents age 45-59.
• Over the previous 12 months, 18% of nondrivers missed, cancelled, or
rescheduled a medical appointment because of a lack of transportation.
Current and Future Retirement Plans
• Eight-four percent of respondents age 45-59, and 30% of those age 60-79, are
working full- or part-time, or are self-employed.
• Among workers, 35% of those age 45-59 and nearly half of those age 60 or older
are not sure if or when they will retire.
• More than half of respondents age 45-59, and one-third of respondents age 60 or
older, lack confidence about having adequate resources to meet their financial
needs in retirement.
Programs & Services at the Council on Aging
• Participation in COA programs and services is high among those age 80 and
older, relative to younger seniors, suggesting that as the Brewster population
ages, increases in participation rates are likely.
• Half of the senior respondents who do not currently use the Brewster COA said
they are very or somewhat likely to do so in the future.
vi
• Many respondents participate in activities at other communities’ Councils on
Aging, typically citing specific activities as a reason.
• Knowledge gaps in what the COA offers and how to access its programs limit use
of the COA. Respondents prefer learning about the COA through the newspaper,
the COA newsletter, or the Town website. Nearly three out of ten respondents
age 80 or older never use the Internet; for these and other residents, print media
are important resources.
• Strong support was reported across all age groups surveyed for key service
programs, including transportation, caregiver support, health and wellness
programs, SHINE, assistance with local and state programs, and adult day
programs.
• Exercise programs and respite programs were most frequently mentioned as
added programs of interest.
• Concerns about the Council on Aging building were expressed throughout the
survey. Some residents were concerned about the safety of the building,
especially for users with mobility challenges. There is a strong preference for
activities being offered on a single building. Some respondents prefer a free-
standing senior center; many are receptive to an intergenerational community
center within which COA programs and services may be housed.
Recommendations
We offer the following recommendations for the Town and the Brewster Council on
Aging:
! Develop and disseminate information about home modifications that can
help residents make their homes safer to live in as they age, and programs
that may help pay for modifications. Many residents reported needing these
modifications to age in place, and some cannot afford them.
! Explore opportunities to promote downsizing options in Brewster. Many
residents have homes or properties that are too large, or too difficult to
maintain. Receptivity to downsizing options, including housing with services,
was expressed in the community survey.
! Work to close the COA information gap through clearer communication and
broader dissemination of information. Many residents have poor or
incomplete knowledge of what the COA does and who can participate. A
continued need for print media is evident.
! Strengthen information dissemination about transportation options available
in Brewster. Many seniors modify their driving behavior, including avoiding
driving at night or far distances. Few of these individuals reported using the
available transportation options. Further explore whether available options
are adequate for community needs.
vii
! Prepare for growth in COA participation. Growth of the senior population is
especially high among age groups most likely to use the COA. Many seniors
who do not use the COA indicated they are likely to do so in the future.
! Create opportunities for expanded senior activities in Brewster. Limited
programs for senior exercise, late-life learning, and socialization are
apparent. Cross-departmental partnerships may be encouraged as a means of
expanding options.
! Expand caregiver support opportunities in Brewster. Many residents
participate in caregiving and report needs for support, including respite care
and adult day care.
! Explore community interest in educational programs relating to retirement
planning. Many seniors work for pay or are self-employed, and many are
uncertain about when or if they will retire. Sizable shares of seniors lack
confidence about their ability to meet their financial needs in retirement.
! Develop short-term and long-term strategies to improve space available to
the Brewster COA. Some residents are fearful of participating in programs
located in the current building, especially those with mobility limitations.
Available space is insufficient for significant expansion in programming.
There is receptivity to a community center model, within which COA
functions would be housed.
! Consider embarking on a strategic planning process for the Brewster COA as
a means of addressing programming needs, communication strategies, and
space needs.
viii
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to acknowledge the Town of Brewster, which generously provided
support for this project. We thank Denise Rego, Director of the Brewster Council on
Aging, the Council on Aging Board, and the COA staff who offered invaluable input
and assistance as we defined research questions, recruited study participants, and
carried through our research plan.
We acknowledge with appreciation Deborah Thompson (Director, Dennis
COA), Barbara Anne Foley (Director, Harwich COA), Barbara Lawlor (Director, Hull
COA), Lynne Waterman (Director, Mashpee COA) and Judi Wilson (Director,
Orleans COA) for taking time from their busy days to share details about their
organizations.
The authors, Jan E. Mutchler, Ceara R. Somerville, Maryam Khaniyan, Mai See Yang,
and Molly Evans from the University of Massachusetts Boston are responsible for
the contents of this report; however, the project could not have been completed
without the efforts of those mentioned above.
COA Board of Directors: Friends of Brewster Elders:
Bob Deloye, Chairperson Marilyn Dearborn, President
Karen Thurber, Secretary Jacquelyn Hanson, Vice President
Jackie deRuyter William Wheeler, Treasurer
Andrea Nevins Sally Cash, Recording Secretary
Cynthia O’Leary Donna Bowie
Loretta Ruchinskas Suzanne Dean
Rep. Tim Whelan June Gallant
Ben deRuyter, BoS Liaison Alice Stelzer
Dennis Hanson, Finance Comm. Liaison Fred Weaver
Olive Weaver
Rob Williams
Brewster COA Needs Assessment Working Group:
Bob Deloye, COA Board Chairperson; Cynthia O’Leary and Karen Thurber
Special thanks to:
Michael Embury, Town Administrator Michael Fitzgerald, Finance Committee
Chairperson
Jim O’Leary, Finance Committee Colette Williams, Town Clerk
Brewster Council on Aging Staff
ix
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................................... viii
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 1
METHODS ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................................... 11
KEY FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................. 65
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ 69
APPENDIX A: REPRODUCTION OF SURVEY ................................................................................ 71
APPENDIX B: COMPLETE SURVEY RESULTS .............................................................................. 80
1
Introduction
Like most municipalities on Cape Cod, the population in the Town of Brewster includes a
large share of older residents. Currently, 40% of the Brewster population is age 60 or
older, and this share is expected to rise to 55% within the next two decades. As a
municipal entity, the Town of Brewster’s Council on Aging is an important and valued
resource, operating as the Town’s central point of contact for older residents who seek to
lead healthful and fulfilling lives while remaining independent in the community.
This report presents results of an examination of issues relating to aging and older adults
in Brewster. Research methods were chosen with an eye toward engaging a wide range of
stakeholders, including town residents, municipal organizations and other town leaders.
The assessment has as its primary focus the current and future consumers of Council on
Aging services. The goals of this project were to identify the characteristics and needs of
Brewster residents age 45 to 59 and those age 60 and older (hereafter “seniors”); to
identify specific concerns of community members related to aging in Brewster, and to
explore their ideas regarding how quality of life could be improved for older adults who
live in the Town; to explore the current and potential role of the COA in the lives of older
residents; and to outline the implications of an aging population for the Town of Brewster
as a whole. The contents of this report are intended to inform planning by the Town’s
Council on Aging, as well as other town offices, private and public organizations that
provide services and advocate for older people within Brewster, and the community at
large.
Background
The Town of Brewster is a community of approximately 10,000 year-round residents
located in Barnstable County on Cape Cod. Brewster is a popular destination for tourists,
and 40% of its housing is occupied seasonally (U.S. Census Bureau, 2014). The Brewster
2013 Open Space & Recreation Plan (http://www.brewster-ma.gov/documents-a-
archives/forms-a-documents/open-space-committee-1/2027-2013-open-space-and-
recreation-plan/file) reports that Brewster’s population more than triples in the summer,
to an estimated 35,000 people. Currently, nearly 4,000 Brewster residents are age 60 and
older, making up about 40% of the total population; another 1,700 residents are between
the ages of 50 to 59, and are poised to move into later life within the coming decade (U.S.
Census Bureau, 2010). Growth of the older resident population of the Town of Brewster
has come about through a combination of processes, including “aging in place” as younger
residents age into later life, migration of middle-aged and older adults to Brewster as part
of a retirement move, and some formerly seasonal residents choosing to live in Brewster
year-round, also likely as part of a retirement strategy.
The age of the population impacts programming and planning across Town offices. The
recreation department offers programs specifically for seniors (i.e., senior striders; senior
tennis). A number of programs are offered by the Fire Department and Police Department,
typically in cooperation with the COA, targeting residents who live alone or who
experience disability, cognitive impairment, or other conditions that increase vulnerability
(i.e., File of Life; Project Lifesaver; Reassurance program; and Safe Return program). The
2
Brewster Ladies’ Library offers a range of programs and activities that appeal across the
age range, including knit and crochet groups, educational programs, and cultural
programs. An Open Space report completed in 2013 suggests that in Brewster, “there may
be more of a need currently for passive recreation opportunities for the town’s senior
population” and highlights the importance of access for residents with mobility limitations
to Town amenities such as beaches (http://www.brewster-ma.gov/documents-a-
archives/forms-a-documents/open-space-committee-1/2027-2013-open-space-and-
recreation-plan/file).
A commonly expressed goal of older adults is to remain living in their own homes as long
as possible. Aging in place implies remaining in familiar home and community settings,
with supports as needed, as opposed to moving to institutional settings, such as nursing
homes (Salomon, 2010). By aging in place, and in community, older adults are able to
retain their independence, as well as maintain valued social relationships and engagement
with the community. In turn, aging in place may promote “successful aging,” by supporting
physical activities that reduce risk of chronic disease and by accommodating disabling
conditions. By proactively taking steps to support the goals of older people in terms of
successful aging and aging in place, Brewster can retain a larger share of its older
population in the community and benefit from the experiences and local commitment that
vital long-term residents offer, while reducing potential demands on resources associated
with frailty and dependence.
In this report, we describe recent activities conducted to assess the aging-related needs of
current and future older adult residents in the Town of Brewster. Our approach aligns
with efforts to identify ways in which communities may become more "livable" for
residents of all ages. Livable communities are said to have features that allow older adults
"to maintain their independence and quality of life as they age and retire" (Nelson &
Guengerich, 2009). Key components that facilitate livability include adequate and
appropriate housing and transportation options, along with community services that
target the needs of older people.
Literature Review
Housing
The availability and affordability of housing that is suitable to meet the changing capacity
of older people is a key factor that influences the ability of residents to age in place, and to
lead fulfilling and healthy lives into old age. Many prominent studies document the
preference of older adults for remaining in their existing homes as long as possible (e.g.,
AARP, 2005). For many, the home serves not only as a source of shelter, but also as the
platform for maintaining social networks and connecting residents to neighborhood
amenities. The home may also be the basis for long-standing memories that connect older
individuals to their past. As well, homes are an important source of financial security, as
home equity and/or ownership may represent one of the most significant sources of
wealth held by many older people. Consequently, the attachment that many have to their
homes is often substantial.
3
Nevertheless, as people age, the “fit” between individuals and their home environments
may decrease (Pynoos, Steinman, Nguyen, & Bressette, 2012). Homes may become too
large for current needs, or may become too cumbersome or expensive to maintain on a
fixed income. Some older adults will develop functional impairments and disabilities; for
these individuals, outdated home features may not provide adequate support for their
changing physical and cognitive capacities. Design features of homes, such as the number
of stories and manageability of stairs, may challenge an older resident’s ability to remain
living safely in her home. Home modifications, including installation of bathroom grab
bars, railings on stairs, adequate lighting throughout the home, ramps, and/or first floor
bathrooms, may support the resident’s safety and facilitate aging in place; however, some
individuals will need to change residences in later life.
The availability of affordable housing options, especially those with accommodating
features, such as home modifications or universal design features, and housing that blends
shelter and services, such as assisted living or continuing care retirement communities,
may allow residents who are no longer able to stay in their existing homes to remain in the
community (AARP, 2005), or at least delay the move into more supportive and expensive
institutional alternatives. Aging in the community can be facilitated by making residents
aware of home-based services for which they may be eligible, including services that
would help maintain and modify a home for safe living, and programs that may help them
pay utility or other home-related expenses.
Transportation
Along with housing, adequate transportation is also needed to maintain social ties, obtain
needed goods and services, access community amenities and be engaged with others. The
vast majority of Americans rely primarily on private transportation to meet these needs,
and most individuals drive their own automobiles well into old age. Many communities
have limited public transportation options, and those that do exist may be inconvenient,
expensive, unreliable, or not easily accessible for those with mobility limitations. Due to
difficulties with transportation, individuals with health conditions and disabilities that
adversely affect their ability to drive safely may be unable to participate in activities they
previously enjoyed and valued. Indeed, a national survey of people aged 50 and older
conducted by the AARP (2005) found that compared to older drivers, non-drivers
reported lower quality of life, less involvement with other people, and more isolation. By
supporting high quality, reliable and convenient local travel options, communities can
promote quality of life and community engagement for older adults and other community
members who are unable to drive safely, or who prefer public transportation alternatives.
Community Features & Services
Livable communities also require adequate and appropriate community features and
services designed to respond to the evolving needs of older people, including home- and
community-based long-term care services. Older adults with mobility limitations and
those who experience challenges with driving may need medical and social services that
can be easily accessed or delivered within their homes. Programs that connect older
homeowners with affordable assistance for maintaining their homes and their yards can
4
help protect the value of investments and improve the neighborhoods in which older
people live. Safe and “walkable” shopping and entertainment districts are valued by all
members of the community regardless of age and physical capacity, but may be especially
helpful for those with mobility and transportation limitations. Providing opportunities for
social engagement and participation in community events—through volunteer programs,
learning opportunities and exercise programs, as well as social activities—can help
community members maintain social support, remain active, prolong independence and
improve quality of life. Research has demonstrated that social support is a key component
of wellbeing in later life, and that continued engagement in social and community
activities promotes successful aging (Pardasani & Thompson, 2012).
The optimal role of Councils on Aging and Senior Centers in offering or promoting services
and activities valued by older residents is open to some debate. Some studies suggest that
senior center participation levels have declined over the past decades (Walker, Brisbee,
Porter & Flanders, 2004) and new models for serving older residents are being developed
(Lawler, 2011). Many young seniors—Baby Boomers just now entering their 60s—have
not started to think about “late life” activities. Instead, their attentions are drawn to
ongoing work and family responsibilities; in some cases these responsibilities include
caring for an older relative. Although many young seniors may reject the “senior” label
entirely and feel that a senior center is not of interest, valued programs for these
individuals may include caregiver support programs, including caregiver respite, and
educational programs designed to support retirement planning. COAs in communities
with large populations age 80 or older may find that services in high demand include
socialization programs (given that many individuals beyond the age of 80 are widowed
and living alone), transportation services (given that many may no longer drive), and
outreach services of various types. The age distribution of the senior community can
therefore be highly significant in shaping the mission of a COA in any particular
community.
The research literature outlines a number of strengths of traditional senior centers,
including their ability to offer programs that may be uniquely suited to older community
residents, and to meet the needs of the most vulnerable populations. However, many
analysts believe that multigenerational centers may be preferred by consumers moving
forward, for a number of reasons. Increasingly, “seniors” include multiple distinct cohorts,
with differing needs and interests. Younger seniors may share interests with middle-aged
residents as much or more than with older adults: offering programs in a
multigenerational center may therefore increase appeal and participation.
Multigenerational centers facilitate intergenerational programming, which is valued in
many communities and may have far-reaching impact. Moreover, recognizing that
conventional senior centers often struggle with stigma associated with the “senior” label,
multigenerational community centers address the “image” problem and reduce age
segregation (Brown & Henkin, 2014; Hostetler, 2011; Pardasini & Thompson, 2012).
Markwood (2014) suggests that traditional senior centers may be usefully modernized by
creating intergenerational community centers that include both targeted activities and
programs for older adults, and “ageless” activities and services that attract participants
broadly in the community.
5
The Brewster Council on Aging
The Brewster Council on Aging describes as its mission to “enhance the dignity and well-
being of Brewster elders.” The Brewster COA staff seeks to provide support for older
residents and link them to services for which they are eligible. The COA Board is
composed of Brewster residents “who advocate for seniors to help maximize their
independence and quality of life.” A range of programs and services are offered through
the Council on Aging, designed to meet seniors’ needs (Brewster COA website,
http://brewster-ma.gov/council-on-aging).
When considering the mission of senior centers within communities, observers commonly
think of two sets of responsibilities. First, senior centers promote wellbeing among older
residents by offering activities that appeal specifically to older adults, are interesting, and
that promote personal growth and
social engagement. Exercise programs,
educational programs, and many
other programs are good examples.
Second, senior centers provide
services to older residents and their
families that promote physical and
emotional wellness. For example,
blood pressure clinics and
transportation services are common
examples. Many observers are not
aware of two additional important
responsibilities of senior centers. The
staff at senior centers link older
residents to existing programs for
which they may be eligible through
providing needed information and
referring residents to appropriate programs and services. For example, staff may help
seniors apply for income support programs or health insurance made available through
the state or federal government. Finally, COAs and senior center staff provide leadership
within the community around senior issues, by serving on Town boards, interacting with
other Town offices, and serving as resources to residents and organizations.
The Brewster Council on Aging operates Monday thru Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
Its staff includes a full-time Director, a full-time Senior Department Assistant, a full-time
Administrative Assistant, a full-time bus driver, and four part-time staff members (a part-
time program/volunteer coordinator, a part-time bus driver, and two part-time outreach
workers). In FY 2015, staff efforts were supplemented with more than 5,000 hours of
service provided by 103 volunteers. The Brewster COA is a Town-appointed Board that
advises the Director of the COA, Denise Rego.
The Brewster Council on Aging offers programs and services at the Senior Center on Main
Street, and in various other locations throughout the community. It is funded largely by its
municipal appropriation, supplemented by in-kind support, formula grant support from
the Executive Office of Elder Affairs and other sources, including gifts and donations, and
Brewster
Council
on Aging
Leadership
Activities
Referral
Services
6
nominal fees charged for some activities. The COA also benefits from financial and
volunteer support offered by the Friends of Brewster Elders (FOBE), a nonprofit
organization that provides assistance and services to the elderly, handicapped, and
disabled. FOBE operates the Sea Captains Thrift Shop as a means of funding their own
projects, as well as selected programs and needs of the Brewster COA and other
organizations providing services to Brewster seniors.
The Town of Brewster COA offers an array of activities and services free or at low cost to
community members who are aged 60 and older. Staff at the COA also refer older
residents to resources available elsewhere, often resources for which they are already
eligible. The COA plays an important leadership role in the community, serving as a
resource to other Town offices and organizations working in the community, and
collaborating on initiatives broadly beneficial to residents.
Programs offered through the Brewster Council on Aging include:
• Programs that connect residents to services and benefits for which they are already
eligible (e.g., fuel assistance; SHINE; SNAP)
• Programs that provide nutritional support and help offset isolation (e.g., Meals on
Wheels, lunches at the Senior Center)
• Outreach services helping older residents and their families in crisis (e.g., working
with elders struggling with mental health crises; addressing self-neglect)
• Programs that offer support to residents facing challenging circumstances (e.g.,
caregiver support groups)
• Programs that connect residents to professional services (e.g., legal assistance,
financial planning)
• Programs that help residents stay in their homes (e.g., Meals on Wheels;
transportation support)
• Programs conducted in cooperation with public safety and emergency services
(e.g., File of Life, Lockbox program)
• Programs that help residents stay healthy (e.g., fitness programs; health screening)
• Programs that educate residents (“New to Medicare” seminar; computer users
group)
• Programs that provide the opportunity for residents to socialize with others (e.g.,
Wonderful Older Women; Brewster men’s coffee club)
Some of the services and programs offered through the Brewster COA are used by many
residents, often on an as-needed or less than weekly basis, including information and
referral services and community education programs. These high-impact programs bring
broad value to a wide range of community members. Other programs and services are
used by fewer individuals but on a more intensive basis. For example, according to data
provided by the COA director, the 32 residents who participated in the Meals on Wheels
program received a total of over 7,000 home-delivered meals in FY 2015, or 238 meals per
participant (note that the Meals on Wheels program is offered to Brewster residents in
collaboration with Elder Services of Cape Cod and the Islands). Similarly, the 89 Brewster
residents who took advantage of COA transportation services benefited from a total of
3,313 rides, or an average of 37 rides per participant. An additional 114 residents received
7
transportation from volunteer drivers, organized through the COA, with these individuals
receiving an average of 6.5 rides each. These types of services are used intensively by
those who need them to stay independent, often among the most vulnerable Brewster
residents.
As the number of older residents increases, the need for resources dedicated to this
segment of the population will also continue to grow and change. Thus, it is crucial that
the Council on Aging plan in earnest to assure that resources are used efficiently and
effectively to meet the current and future needs of older people in the Town.
Purpose of the Study
This report represents the collaborative efforts by the Town of Brewster Council on Aging
and University of Massachusetts Boston (UMass Boston) to assemble information from a
number of sources. In the following pages, we present a profile of the characteristics and
resources of the current population of Brewster— those who are at and approaching later
life (age 60 and older) as well as those who will be moving into later life over the next two
decades (the population age 45 to 59). Knowledge of these characteristics provides an
important basis for planning by the Council on Aging, as well as for other town offices and
organizations within the community.
Methods
Mixed evaluation methods are often used to assess the needs of older residents and to aid
organizations in planning and prioritizing the programs and services they provide in the
community. Collecting data from multiple sources is a good strategy for converging on
accurate and multifaceted representations of community needs from the perspective of a
diverse set of stakeholders (Royse, Thyer, & Padgett, 2010). In the current project, we
compiled data from several sources, including publicly available information obtained
through the U.S. Census Bureau, quantitative and qualitative data collected directly from
residents of Brewster, and administrative data from Councils on Aging in communities
similar to Brewster. All research methods and instruments used in this project were
determined to be exempt from review by the University’s Institutional Review Board,
which is charged with protecting the rights and welfare of human subjects who take part
in research conducted at UMass Boston.
Our goal early in this study was to understand the priorities of stakeholders and identify
research questions, which when approached systematically could shed light on the
support needs of the older population, and identify services and town qualities that are
most valued by Brewster’s residents. In addition, data collection instruments were
developed with an eye toward identifying future needs and preferences of a younger
cohort—specifically, those who will become eligible for services over the next decade.
Assessment goals identified at the outset of this study related to how the Town and
Council on Aging could better facilitate aging in place by older adults in the community.
This goal is consistent with efforts to identify ways in which communities may become
more "livable" by supporting the independence and quality of life of older people as they
8
age (Nelson & Guengerich, 2009). In the following sections, we describe methods used in
this needs assessment, including development of appropriate instruments, selection and
recruitment of study participants, and a brief section on data analysis strategies.
Demographic Profile
As an initial step toward understanding characteristics of the Brewster’s older population
through quantitative data, we generated a demographic profile of the Town using data
from the decennial U.S. Census and the American Community Survey (ACS)—a large,
annual survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. For purposes of this assessment, we
primarily used information drawn from the most current 5-year ACS files (2010-2014),
along with U.S. Census data for Brewster to summarize demographic characteristics
including growth of the older population, shifts in the age distribution, gender, race and
education distributions, householder status, living arrangements, household income, and
disability status.
Community Forum
Two community forums were held on September 15, 2015, at the Brewster COA.
Discussion was structured around the following themes: describing strengths of Brewster
as a community in which to grow older, identifying challenges associated with living in
Brewster as an older adult, and noting opportunities for Brewster to be a stronger
community for older adults. A note-taker summarized participant comments.
Resident Survey
The central component of our data collection effort was a resident survey instrument
developed by the research team at UMass Boston in consultation with the Brewster COA.
The instrument included quantitative and open-ended questions chosen based on their
importance with respect to the planning needs of the COA and the Senior Center as they
relate to the Town’s aging population. In addition to a paper version of the instrument, the
survey was made available online.
The resident survey (reproduced in Appendix A) was composed of sections relating to the
following areas:
• Community & Neighborhood • Caregiving
• Housing & Living Situation • Transportation
• Social Activities & Relationships • Current & Future Retirement Plans
• Your Health • Demographic Information
• Programs & Services at the Council on Aging
9
A sample of non-institutional residents of Brewster age 45 and older was chosen to
participate in the survey data collection. At the request of the Director of the COA, the
Town Clerk’s Office provided the UMass Boston research team with a list of Brewster
residents who were age 45 and older, based on municipal street lists that include names,
addresses, and dates of birth for residents of Brewster. Residents who lived in nursing
homes were removed from the list. Addresses were updated, and individuals who had
moved away from Brewster were also removed from the list. A sample of 3,000 residents
age 45 and older was drawn and encouraged to participate.
We mailed a personally addressed postcard to residents intended to inform them that they
would receive a mailed survey in the coming week. Following the postcard mailing, we
sent the questionnaire packet with a postage-paid return envelope and cover letter signed
by the Director (Denise Rego) and the Town Administrator (Michael Embury), which
outlined the purpose of the survey and the measures taken to protect the rights and
privacy of participants. All materials in this mailing clearly identified UMass Boston and
the Town of Brewster as partners in the project.
During the data collection period from early November 2015 to January 2016, a total of
898 completed surveys were returned, resulting in an overall response rate of 30% (see
Table 1). The response rate for residents age 45-59 (15%) was lower than that of seniors
age 60 to 79 (36%), and seniors age 80 and older (40%). Compared to their
representation on the mailing list, residents age 45-59 were under-represented, making
up 17% of responses. Seniors age 60 to 79 made up 64% of responses, and seniors age 80
and older made up 19% of responses. Given that the contents of the survey were primarily
oriented toward older people, bias toward over-representation of senior residents is not
surprising (Fowler, 2014); however, results that show totals for the entire sample should
be examined and interpreted with consideration to this bias. Nine percent of responses
were submitted online. We compiled a database containing the confidential responses of
all survey participants, which was subsequently analyzed and securely maintained by the
research team at UMass Boston.
Table 1. Brewster resident survey description and rates of response
Total
Age 45+
Age 45 to 59 Seniors
Age 60 to 79
Seniors
Age 80+
Brewster Street List 5,524 1,767 2,986 771
Mailing List 3,000 981 1,607 412
Percentage of Mailing List 100% 33% 53% 14%
Number of Responses 898* 150 571 166
Response Representation 100% 17% 64% 19%
Response Rate 30% 15% 36% 40%
*Includes 11 individuals who did not provide an age.
10
Seasonal Resident Survey
A short survey was conducted with seasonal residents during August-September 2015. A
questionnaire was designed focusing on features of summer residents’ homes and their
expectations for settling in Brewster as a primary residence. A total of 80 responses were
received; the degree to which the respondents are reflective of the seasonal resident
population is unknown.
Focus Groups
Three focus groups were held in support of the project, one in November 2015 and two in
February, 2016. All participants were selected by the Brewster COA in consultation with
the UMass Boston research team.
The November focus group was held with 11 representatives of Town offices and
committees, including the Brewster Finance Committee, the Recreation Department, the
Police Department, and a number of others. The goal of this group was to learn about how
aging in the community was impacting the Town, and ways in which the COA worked with
other offices in support of senior residents. The February focus groups included a mix of
Brewster residents and people who work in Brewster organizations. In the first of the
February groups, ten individuals participated, including representatives of the library,
Elder Services of Cape Cod and the Islands, and COA volunteers. A second group included
Brewster residents, some of whom are involved with the COA. Nine individuals
participated, including the assistant Town administrator. Discussion in both groups
focused on themes that had emerged in the community survey with the goal of elaborating
on those themes in more depth and discussing possible next steps for the COA.
Community Comparisons
We report information about Councils on Aging (COAs)/senior centers in Dennis, Harwich,
Hull, Mashpee, and Orleans. With input from the Brewster COA Director, these
communities were selected based primarily on population size, and their number of
residents age 60 and older. Information was obtained about features of the senior centers,
including programming and staffing. Some information was obtained through telephone
interviews with comparison COA Directors; additional information on selected COAs was
retrieved from websites and other publicly available documents.
Data Analysis
Data collected for the surveys were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics, including
frequencies and crosstabs, and are reported in full in tables contained in Appendix B and
throughout the results section of this report. Some responses elicited through open-ended
questions were extracted and cited verbatim within this report. Notes taken during the
study’s qualitative components (e.g., focus group, key informant interviews) were
reviewed by project staff and used to characterize and categorize salient ways in which
aging issues are impacting older adults and individuals who work with older adults in
Brewster. Information collected from COA directors in comparison communities were
11
compared side-by-side with information collected from Brewster’s Director. We used
information from all sources of data to develop recommendations reported in the final
section of this report.
Results
Demographic Profile of Brewster
Age Structure and Population Growth
The U.S. Census Bureau reports that in 2010, there were 9,820 residents in Brewster. More
than half of these (57%) were age 50 and older (See Table 2). Residents who were age 50
to 59 (1,753 individuals) made up 18% of the population; residents age 60 to 79 (2,724
individuals) comprised 28%, and another 1,044 (11%) residents were age 80 and older.
Table 2. Number and percentage distribution of Brewster’s population by age category,
2010 US Census
Age Category Number Percentage
Under age 18 1,601 16%
Age 18 to 44 1,998 20%
Age 45 to 59 2,453 25%
Age 60 to 79 2,724 28%
Age 80 and older 1,044 11%
Total 9,820 100%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census. Summary File 1, Table QT-P1.
A comparison of the age distribution of Brewster between the 2000 and 2010 decennial
Censuses illustrates a considerable aging of the population during that time frame. As
shown in Figure 1, the total population of Brewster declined by 3% between 2000 and
2010. Yet the number of residents age 60 and older increased by 20%; moreover, the
number of residents age 80 and above increased by 30%.
12
Figure 1: Substantial growth of the older population has occurred in Brewster in recent
years (2000-2010)
Sources: 2010 and 2000 Census, Summary File 1, Table QT-P1
Figure 2 shows the age distribution of Brewster’s population from 2000 to 2010, and
population projections for 2025 and 20351. In 1990, about 31% of the Town’s population
was age 60 and older; this percentage increased to 39% by 2010. According to projections
created by the Donahue Institute at the University of Massachusetts, this trend toward an
older population is expected to continue. By 2025, more than half of Brewster residents
will be age 60 and older. By 2035, the proportion of older adults will stabilize; however
55% of the population will be over age 60, including 36% age 60 to 79, and 19% age 80
and older.2
1 The projections presented here were generated by the University of Massachusetts Donahue Institute
(Renski & Strate, 2015). Population projections are shaped by assumptions about birth rates and death
rates, as well as domestic and international in-migration and out-migration. The Donahue Institute
projections used here also account for population change associated with aging of the population, which is a
strong predictor of future growth and decline of population levels. The Donahue Institute generates two sets
of projections for Massachusetts municipalities, using somewhat different methods. For Brewster, the
“alternative” projections yield a slightly larger population. Given that these projections are thought to be
helpful especially when considering small geographic areas, the “alternative” projections are used here.
2 The Brewster Town street listing for residents age 45+ was obtained by the authors of this report to
generate the mailing list for the community survey. The street listing includes 4-6% fewer individuals aged
45+ than would be expected based on the Donahue projections for 2015. A possible source of the differences
relate to residence rules used by the Town compared to the federal Census and other federal data sources.
-3%
-24%
10%
20%
17%
30%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Total all
ages
Under age
45
Age 45-59
Age 60+
Age 60-79
Age 80+
13
Figure 2. Recent and future age distribution of Brewster, 2000 to 2035
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census of Population for 1990 thru 2010.
* Figures for 2025 and 2035 are projections (alternative) generated by the Donahue
Institute, University of Massachusetts: http://pep.donahue-institute.org/
The size of Brewster’s overall population declined slightly between 2000 and 2010, and is
expected to decrease in the future. Figure 3 shows the total number of Brewster
residents, as well as the segments under age 60, age 60-79, and age 80 and older from
2000 to 2010, with population projections for 2025 and 2035. Brewster’s population
under age 60 saw a substantial decrease between 2000 and 2010, and is expected to
continue to decrease. Meanwhile, the number of residents age 60-79 is expected to be
11% larger in 2035 compared to 2010, and the number age 80 and older is expected to
increase by 53% between 2000 and 2035.
47%
37%
32%
30%
22%
25%
15%
15%
23%
28%
40%
36%
8%
11%
13%
19%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2000
2010
2025*
2035*
Under Age 45
Age 45 to 59
Age 60 to 79
Age 80+
14
Figure 3. Population trends; number of Brewster residents under age 60, age 60-79, and
age 80 and older, 2000 to 2010 with projections to 2035*
Source: Population figures for 2000-2010 are from the U.S. Census.
* Figures for 2025 and 2035 are projections generated by the Donahue Institute, University
of Massachusetts: http://pep.donahue-institute.org/
The proportion of the Brewster population aged 50 and older is much higher than that of
Massachusetts overall (Figure 4). About 41% of the Massachusetts population was in the
45+ age group in 2010, compared to 64% of the Brewster population. The proportion of
residents age 45 to 59 was consistent across Brewster, most of its comparison
communities, and Massachusetts at large, but differences between communities occurred
in the older age groups. Residents age 60 and older made up 39% of the Brewster
population, similar to the share in Harwich (38%) and Dennis (42%), larger than in Hull
(24%) and Mashpee (31%), and less than in Orleans (51%).
6,956
6,052
4,366
3,784
2,335
2,724
3,782
3,032
803
1,044
1,215
1,596
10,094
9,820
9,363
8,412
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
2000
2010
2025*
2035*
Under age 60
Age 60-79
Age 80+
Total
15
Figure 4. Age distribution in Brewster, comparison communities, and Massachusetts
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census. Table DP-1
Population growth in Massachusetts, Brewster, and comparison communities has been
concentrated in older age groups during the last decade. The total population of the state
of Massachusetts experienced a 3% growth between 2000 and 2010; Brewster and four of
the five comparison communities experienced overall population decline, ranging from -
3% in Brewster to -11% in Dennis; only Mashpee gained population during the decade
(Table 3). The number of Brewster residents age 60 and older saw a large increase (20%),
larger than for the state (16%). All comparison communities witnessed growth in their
60+ cohort, the largest growth occurring in Mashpee with 43% and Hull with 35%
increase.
22%
25%
23%
23%
31%
22%
22%
15%
28%
32%
28%
21%
25%
38%
4%
11%
10%
10%
3%
6%
13%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Massachusetts
Brewster
Dennis
Harwich
Hull
Mashpee
Orleans
Age 45 to 59
Age 60 to 79
Age 80+
16
Table 3. Population growth between 2000 and 2010: Brewster, comparison communities,
and Massachusetts
All Ages Age 60+
Population
2000
Population
2010
%
Change
Population
2000
Population
2010
%
Change
Massachusetts 6,349,097 6,547,629 3% 1,096,567 1,273,271 16%
Brewster 10,094 9,820 -3% 3,138 3,768 20%
Dennis 15,973 14,207 -11% 5,590 5,910 6%
Harwich 12,386 12,243 -1% 4,410 4,629 5%
Hull 11,050 10,293 -7% 1,834 2,481 35%
Mashpee 12,946 14,006 8% 3,053 4,374 43%
Orleans 6,341 5,890 -7% 2,754 2,984 8%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2010 Census, Summary File 1, Table QT-P1; and 2000 Census,
Summary File 1, Table QT-P1
Socio-Demographic Composition of Brewster’s Older Population
The gender distribution of older adults in Brewster is similar to that of most
communities— slightly more than half of residents who are age 60 and older are women
(54%; ACS, 2010 – 2014, Table B01001). The greater number of older women is largely due
to longer life expectancies of women compared to men—a demographic disparity that is
widely observed in older populations globally.
A large majority of older residents report White non-Hispanic race and ethnicity (98%).
About 1% of the senior population report Black or African American race or “Other” race,
which includes those who report American Indian or Alaska Native, or multiple racial
identities. Less than 1% of those 65 and older report Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, which
may be reported in combination with any racial identity.
A small portion (5%) of Brewster residents age 65 and older speaks a language other than
English at home (ACS, 2010 – 2014, Table B16004). Among those who speak another
language at home, the most commonly spoken languages are other Indo-European
languages, such as Portuguese.
17
Most of Brewster’s households are headed by residents who are middle-aged or older.3
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, a “householder” is the person reported as the head of
household, typically the person in whose name the home is owned or rented. Residents
age 45 and older are householders of 84% of all households in Brewster (Figure 5).
Among renter occupied households, residents younger than 45 are heads of about 32% of
households compared to 26% for residents aged 45 to 59 and 42% for those aged 60 and
older. In contrast, residents under the age of 45 make up only 13% of owner occupied
households. Middle-aged residents, those between 45 and 59 years, make up 33% of
homeowners and those 60 and older make up 54%.
Figure 5. Age structure of householders by owner status, Brewster 2010
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2010 Census, Summary File 1, Table H17.
A large majority of Brewster households live in homes that they own or are purchasing
(82%; Figure 6). About 86% of residents age 45 and older own their homes. A sizeable
share (71%) of Brewster residents who are 65 and older who live alone also own their
home. Home maintenance and supports are often necessary for older homeowners—
especially those who live alone—in order to maintain comfort and safety in their homes.
These issues are addressed further later in this report, using data drawn from the sample
survey.
3 Census Bureau figures suggest that more than 40% of Brewster’s housing is occupied seasonally. The
statistics reported in this section refer exclusively to people who report that Brewster is their “usual”
residence.
13%
32%
16%
33%
26%
32%
54%
42%
52%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Owner Occupied
Renter Occupied
All Households
Younger than 45
Age 45 to 59
Age 60+
18
Figure 6. Percentage of Brewster householders who live in owner-occupied housing by
age category
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2010 Census, Summary File 1, Tables H17 and H18.
According to data from American Community Survey, an estimated 57% of Brewster’s
households have at least one individual who is age 60 or older (Figure 7). This high
proportion— which is likely to increase in the future— shapes demand for programs,
services, and other considerations that address aging-related concerns, including health
and caregiving needs, transportation options, and safe home environments.
82%
86%
86%
71%
All householders
Householder
age 45 to 59
Householders
age 60+
One-person
households (aged 65+)
19
Figure 7. Households in Brewster with at least one member age 60 or older
Source: American Community Survey, 2010-2014, Table B11006
About one quarter of Brewster residents age 65 and older live alone (Figure 8); whereas
65% live in homes that include other people, such as a spouse, parents, children, or
grandchildren. A small portion (9%) of Brewster seniors live in group quarters, such as
nursing homes or group homes.
At least one
member age
60+,
57%
All members
under age 60,
43%
20
Figure 8. Living arrangements of Brewster residents, age 65 and older
Source: U.S. Census 2010; Table SF-1, P34.
American Community Survey estimates on education suggest that Brewster residents are
well educated on average. About 53% of persons age 45 to 64 have either a bachelor’s
degree or a graduate/professional degree (ACS, 2010-2014, Table B15001). Among those
65 and older, 46% have at least a bachelor’s degree. This educational profile contributes to
the vitality and character of the community, which depends on older adults who value
opportunities to be involved through volunteer and civic engagement activities, as well as
late-life learning opportunities— activities that are often present in highly educated
communities (Fitzgerald & Caro, 2014).
Lives with
others, 65%
Lives alone, 26%
In group
quarters, 9%
21
Similar to older adults living in communities throughout the U.S., a sizeable proportion
(31%) of Brewster residents aged 65 to 74 remain in the workforce. Five percent of
Brewster residents age 75 and older are also in the workforce (ACS, 2010-2014, Table
B23001). Nearly half (43%) of men age 65 and older report veteran status, while less than
1% of older women in Brewster report veteran status (ACS, 2010-2014, Table B21001). As
a result, many of the Town’s older residents may be eligible to receive some benefits and
program services based on their military service or that of their spouses.
With respect to household income, there is some comparative disadvantage of some older
residents in Brewster (Figure 9). Householders aged 45 to 64 have the highest median
income at $89,688—which is slightly greater than the statewide median for this age group
($84,099). Among householders 65 and older, the median income is $51,553, which is also
greater than the statewide median for this age group ($39,550), and only slightly lower
than the median income of Brewster householders between the ages of 25 and 44.
Figure 9. Median household income in Brewster by age of householder (in 2013 inflation-
adjusted dollars)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2010-2014, Table B19049.
Note: Includes only community households, not group quarters such as nursing homes.
The economic profile of older Brewster residents relative to younger residents is further
illustrated in Figure 10, which shows that the older adult population lives on more
modest incomes than do middle-aged residents. Approximately 20% of Brewster
householders age 65 and older report incomes of $100,000 or more. By comparison, 46%
of households headed by younger residents report this level of income. On the other hand,
$55,139
$89,688
$51,553
Householder age 25 to 44
Householder age 45 to 64
Householder age 65+
22
a quarter of older households have incomes less than $25,000; this compares with just
12% of households headed by individuals age 45 to 64 having incomes under $25,000.
Given that about half of all older householders have an income less than $50,000, a
sizeable segment of Brewster’s older population is at risk of financial insecurity or
economic disadvantage.
Figure 10. Household income distribution in Brewster by age of householder (in 2014
inflation-adjusted dollars)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2010-2014, Table B19037.
Note: Includes only community households, not group quarters such as nursing homes.
Many Brewster residents age 65 and older experience some level of disability that could
impact their ability to function independently in the community. Moreover, the risk of
acquiring disability doubles after age 75: in Brewster, about 16% of individuals age 65-74
experience one or more disabilities, while 39% of those age 75 and older experience at
least one disability (ACS 2010-2014, Table B18101; not shown). Individuals who have
disabilities may have greater difficulty accessing transportation and needed services,
including medical care; thus limiting their ability to age in place and participate fully in the
community.
12%
27%
12%
22%
30%
31%
46%
20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Age 45 to 64
Age 65+
Under $25,000
$25,000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $99,999
$100,000 or more
23
The Community Forums
Our goal in holding forums for community members was twofold. First, we sought to
communicate with residents very early in the project as a means of exchanging
information about the process and making residents aware of our plans and timeline.
Second, we wanted an early opportunity to identify issues that could be important to
include in subsequent data collection activities.
A note-taker attended both forum events. Comments were submitted after the events as
well, on notecards submitted at the events and emails transmitted afterwards. The below
represents issues raised at the forums.
Residents described Brewster’s many strengths, including:
• Natural amenities such as the beach, green space, and recreational opportunities
are assets.
• A strong sense of community and neighborliness are valued.
• Lifestyle is valued—Brewster was described as an “easy place to live.”
• A strong sense of safety, linked in part to well-functioning Town public safety and
emergency services departments, is valued.
• A well-functioning Town government is noted, including a good library, and a
strong COA.
• Other Town organizations that benefit residents, including Nauset Neighbors,
involved congregations, and cultural organizations, are recognized.
• Brewster has a good location with respect to accessing entertainment, shopping,
and healthcare throughout the Cape.
Residents also described challenges associated with living in Brewster, including:
• Cost of living concerns were mentioned, including the high cost of housing, high
real estate taxes, and the cost of utilities. The absence of Town leadership about
how to offset these increasing costs was noted.
• Housing concerns were noted, including limited availability of affordable housing
and lack of downsizing options.
• Transportation options are too few, and inconvenient.
• Although one participant reported that medical care access was “not as poor as
advertised,” some participants indicated that it was difficult to find a primary care
clinician and it was necessary to go off Cape for some services.
• Absent extended family members put some seniors at risk of isolation.
• The challenge of simultaneously meeting the needs of a large senior population
while addressing the absence of and departure of younger residents was noted.
• Tensions are perceived between community preservation and other Town goals,
including senior services.
• Older residents are discouraged from attending Town Meeting because it is held at
night—those who do not drive or don’t drive at night may not be able to
participate.
24
• Limitations of the COA/Senior Center were discussed, including:
o The size and configuration of the Senior Center limits the programs that can
be offered.
o Restroom access is challenging.
o The elevator is slow.
o Concerns were noted about the safety of the 2nd and 3rd floors in case of an
emergency, given that the building is a wood structure, has no sprinkler
system, and those with mobility issues may be stranded on the upper floors.
o Poor acoustics in the largest spaces was also noted.
Several ideas for innovation and improvement for the community and the COA were
offered. By far, the most numerous suggestions related to improving the COA and include
the following:
• For the COA:
o Improve information dissemination throughout the community about aging
services and the COA. Publicize the COA better.
o Devise ways to reach out to younger seniors and Boomers. Recognize that
these individuals have different interests for programming. Some specific
programs mentioned include educational programs, weight training,
concerts, and wine tastings.
o Make the building more accessible and attractive.
o Extend hours in the evening so that people who work or are otherwise
committed during the day could still participate.
o Pursue additional satellite space for programs.
o Develop more collaborations with other Town organizations, such as
programming with the schools.
o In general, pursue more intergenerational programming. Some possibilities
named include scrapbooking/mixed media programs; a technology center;
music and art programs; educational programs that appeal across the age
range (e.g., history programs).
• For the Town:
o Create new outlets for civic engagement, including rescheduling Town
meeting and/or letting people participate from home.
o Consider housing innovation such as cluster housing.
o Grow the commercial tax base in Brewster as a means of alleviating resident
tax burden.
o Consider a community center that would benefit the whole community.
Resident Survey
Respondent Demographics
Of the original 3,000 residents who were invited to participate, 898 returned surveys with
usable data, representing a response rate of 30% (see Table 1 above). Participants
included 150 respondents age 45-59 and 737 seniors age 60+. Eleven respondents (1%)
25
did not indicate their age4. More than half (64%) of respondents who provided their age
were age 60 to 79, and 18% were age 80 and older. Relative to the population, the age
distribution of respondents is disproportionately skewed toward the older age categories;
those age 60-79 are especially overrepresented5. This response pattern reflects the larger
proportion of residents in this age range who responded to the survey. To account for age-
graded response rates in the survey data, we present most results separately by age
category (i.e., age 45 to 59; age 60 to 79; and age 80 and older). The majority of
respondents to the resident survey were women (61%). One out of five respondents
under age 80, and 41% of respondents age 80 or older, lived alone. As well, respondents to
the community survey were largely year-round residents (97%). Details on these and
other characteristics of survey respondents are included in Appendix B.
The Brewster Council on Aging seeks to respond to the needs and interests of all senior
residents, but they have special responsibility to seniors who are vulnerable, isolated, or
otherwise at risk. Accordingly, the community survey included questions meant to tap
income shortfalls for necessary expenses and food security among Brewster’s older
residents. Respondents were asked if there was any time in the previous 12 months when
they did not have money for necessities (see Figure 11). Most respondents across the age
groups reported not lacking money for necessary expenses during the previous year,
including 75% of those age 45-59, 84% of seniors age 60-79 and 78% of those age 80+.
However, a segment of each group reported lacking money at some point for one or more
of the listed necessities, including 6% of seniors and 15% of those age 45-59 not having
funds for car repairs or home repairs, and 2% of seniors along with 11% of younger
respondents lacking money to pay utility bills. . Consistently, respondents age 45-59 were
more likely to report shortfalls, suggesting that financial squeezes are more prevalent in
this age group.
4 Quantitative results and figures presented by age below include only respondents who provided their age
on the resident survey; tables and figures labeled “all ages” include all survey respondents, including those
who did not indicate their age.
5 According to figures from the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau, the Brewster population age 45 and older is
composed of 39% individuals 45-59, 44% individuals age 60 to 79, and 17% individuals who are age 80 and
older.
26
Figure 11. Percentage lacking money for necessities in the previous 12 months
Note: Participants could choose all options that apply, therefore totals by age category do not equal
100%.
Community & Neighborhood
A noteworthy characteristic of survey respondents is the length of time that most have
resided in Brewster. Figures 12a and 12b show that for both age groups, somewhat over
one-third has lived in Brewster for at least 25 years. Another third of each age group has
lived in Brewster for 15-24 years with the remainder (33% of seniors and 29% of younger
respondents) having lived in Brewster for less than 15 years. These distributions indicate
that survey respondents include a mix of long-term residents and more recent arrivals,
some of whom may have arrived in Brewster as part of a retirement strategy.
8%
6%
15%
11%
7%
4%
3%
6%
2%
2%
Rent, mortgage,
or real estate
taxes
Medical needs
Car or home
repairs
Utilities (e.g., oil
or electricity)
Food
Age 45-59
Age 60+
27
A large majority of survey respondents indicated that it was “very important” or
“somewhat important” to remain living in Brewster as long as possible in the future
(Figure 13). Just 3% of seniors and 7% of younger respondents indicated that living in
Brewster as long as possible was not at all important to them. These figures suggest that
Brewster residents are largely committed to remaining in the community as they age, and
that the Town can expect a sizable share of their age 45+ residents to age in place.
Figure 13. Importance of living in Brewster as long as possible
10%
19%
35%
24%
12%
Figure 12a. Number of years
respondents age 45-59 have
lived in Brewster
Fewer than
5 years
5-14 years
15-24 years
25-34 years
35 years or
longer
10%
23%
30%
17%
20%
Figure 12b. Number of years
respondents age 60+ have lived
in Brewster
Fewer than
5 years
5-14 years
15-24 years
25-34 years
35 years or
longer
48%
65%
35%
28%
10%
4%
7%
3%
Age 45-59
Age 60+
Very
Important
Somewhat
Important
Slightly
Important
Not at All
Important
28
Survey participants were asked to share their greatest concerns about their ability to
continue living in Brewster as they grow older. Table 4 shows themes raised by
respondents, as well as verbatim examples of each theme. By far, the most frequently
raised concern related to the cost of living and especially rising property taxes. Survey
participants worry that their incomes, sometimes already stretched to meet expenses, will
not keep pace with the cost of living in Brewster. Additional expenses associated with
medical care, home maintenance and repairs, and assistance to stay at home add to
residents’ concerns.
The second most frequently mentioned concern was associated with transportation.
Brewster residents recognize that this is a car-dependent community, and few alternatives
to driving are perceived. Respondents link lack of transportation to isolation and
dependency. Brewster is not viewed as a walkable community, adding to this concern.
Survey participants also indicate a lack of awareness of what transportation services are
available for seniors needing support, suggesting a need for greater outreach in this area.
Table 4. Most prevalent concerns about ability to age in place in Brewster (in order of
mention)
Concerns about ability to age in place
Affordability, cost of living, taxes [property taxes far and away mentioned most]
• Our greatest fear is that taxes will drive us from our home. We are on a fixed income.
• I am an insulin-dependent diabetic. Because of medication spending, taxes, etc.,
affordability is difficult.
• We live in a private street. We have to pay for any repairs, etc., out of our pockets. Don’t
know if we can carry our load.
• Taxes are going up way too high for those of us who are on a fixed income. We are relying
on our Social Security which is not keeping up with local tax increase as well as our
medical insurance.
• As the years go by, we must hire more and more services, painting, landscaping. Taxes
seem to rise continually and rapidly. Will we be able to remain in our home?
• Affordable aging-in-place home care.
Transportation concerns
• What services are available to get around if I’m unable to drive myself, and how are they
accessed?
• It is difficult to envision how I could continue to live in Brewster if I didn’t drive.
• Senior transportation!!! And I mean real available transportation that is safe, reliable,
and respectful of the needs of seniors/elders…and not the Cape Cod RTA!
• Walkability—many parts of Brewster lack sidewalks or safe shoulders.
• Local transportation. Are there options for seniors who can’t or choose not to drive?
• Transportation: being able to go grocery shopping, pick up drugs myself, being able to
drive places to socialize with others.
• Once I stop driving, I will be driven by others or have less access to activities and
resources.
29
Table 4 (cont.)
Health
• Health issues and needing assistance.
• Inability to live alone because of physical or mental problems.
• Health concerns might force me to find other living arrangements.
• Staying healthy. I would like to see more senior activities, i.e., yoga, strength training.
• Living alone, I worry about being taken care of if I should suddenly become disabled.
• Keeping myself physically able to be independent—and also mentally competent to do
so.
Accessing services
• I would like to know that certain services will be available such as deliveries, and
emergency responses in a timely fashion.
• As is the case with most seniors, I worry about what services might be available from the
COA if I lose my mobility.
• Help in getting things done that I won’t be able to do for myself anymore and the cost of
all of it!
• Access to high quality health care. Access to elder care and home nursing care, elder
recreation facilities, transportation and shopping.
• Finding appropriate help which allows me to remain in my home. I have no family. I am
willing to pay affordable help, part or full-time.
• Access to basics: full-size grocery store, pharmacy, home needs (we must go out of town to
get such). Home and yard maintenance (high schoolers and civic groups could be a big
help here).
• Living alone and accessing services. What if I couldn’t drive?
Housing options, maintaining home
• Cost of housing. I live with my mother and when she passes the house is to be sold and the
proceeds split between my sibling and me. I will not be able to afford to buy a place in
Brewster.
• I want to continue living my life knowing that housing is available in the community in the
form of condominium living without the stress of maintaining a house. I feel there are not
enough of these in the town.
• Accessibility at home. Current home is a condo without first floor bedroom space. To stay
in Brewster indefinitely I would need to live somewhere else.
• Lack of a retirement community of individual homes, privately owned not assisted living
facilities.
• Don’t appear to be other options in smaller living before one needs assisted living or
nursing center.
• To care for our home as we become less able due to our advancing years.
• Ability to do the yard work and home upkeep that my property needs.
30
Worry about declines in health or loss of physical mobility are also commonly expressed.
Maintaining health is a goal, in part as a means of preserving independence. Declining
health is feared in part because respondents see it as threatening their ability to live on
their own.
A number of respondents expressed concern about the availability of services in Brewster
that would support their aging in place. Medical services were mentioned as a concern,
along with finding and affording in-home care if needed. These respondents perceive the
lack of routine services such as a pharmacy and grocery in Brewster as challenging their
ability to age in place, especially if they were unable to drive. Concerns about the
availability of appropriate services through the COA were mentioned as well.
A number of respondents reported concerns about the lack of housing options in
Brewster. Respondents perceive few downsizing options, and see affordability as an
additional layer of concern. Concerns about being able to continue to care for their current
home were also expressed.
In addition to these concerns, others mentioned include: information about what is
available in the community and how to access it; opportunities for socialization and
engagement; and concerns about isolation. As expressed by one respondent,
(I am concerned about) physical isolation if either of us ends up living alone. Brewster
lacks a community center to draw people together.
Housing & Living Situation
A substantial majority of survey respondents reported living in single-family homes,
including more than 90% of respondents under age 80, and 81% of those age 80 or older.
Ten percent of respondents age 80 or older lived in apartment buildings or
condominiums, as did 5% of those under age 80. All other housing types were reported by
very few respondents (see Appendix B). More than 90% of the respondents were
homeowners, consistent with figures from the U.S. Census Bureau.
While an owned home is an important source of wealth, owning a single-family home may
become a burden with age, as home maintenance becomes more challenging and keeping
up with expenses becomes more difficult on fixed incomes. Living in single-family homes
may also become less practical as family situations change. Thus, the process of aging in
community may often require difficult decisions about whether to leave one’s residence
for housing alternatives that are a better fit with current and future health and social
situations. The extent to which older Brewster residents live in single-family houses
because there are insufficient alternatives (e.g. available condominiums or other
downsizing options) is not known.
Many older adults find as they get older that their homes lack features that allow them to
stay safely. For example, homes with many stairs or with steep or inconvenient access
from the outside can challenge aging-in-place goals. A home with a first-floor bedroom and
full bath may be more age-friendly for residents as they get older; however, 18% of the
31
respondents age 45-59 and 14% of those age 60 or older indicated that their homes lacked
these features (see Figure 14).
Figure 14: Percentage lacking a bedroom and full bath on the first floor in current
residence
Most individuals, regardless of age, could improve functionality and safety of their homes
by way of home hazard assessments and installation of home modifications. Nevertheless,
appropriate resources to address needed changes are often limited. More than half of the
survey respondents reported that modifications to their homes are needed (see Table 5).
Among respondents whose homes needed modification, 40% of those age 45-59 reported
being unable to afford to make needed modifications, along with 19% of residents age 60
to 79, and 20% of those age 80 and older. This suggests that for some Brewster residents,
affordability may be a barrier to modifying their homes for safety. Lack of information
about modifications that could be helpful, or about reliable contractors who provide home
modifications, may be additional obstacles.
Table 5. Percentage of respondents who indicated needing home modifications, and being
unable to afford them
Home needs
modifications
Unable to afford
modifications*
Age 45 to 59 48% 40%
Age 60 to 79 52% 19%
Age 80+ 61% 20%
*Among those needing modifications
18%
14%
Age 45-59
Age 60 or older
32
Respondents were invited to write in modifications that were needed to make their homes
safer to live in over the coming five years. A number of people indicated that home
modifications were already in place and many others reported that they were not needed
at all. But a large number of respondents wrote in modifications that would be helpful,
including first-floor bedrooms and bathroom; converting all necessary living space
including laundry to the first floor; installing railings, grab bars, and ramps; and installing
handicap-accessible bathrooms. Respondents cited anticipated problems managing stairs
into their homes, and worries about steep driveways. Some individuals reported that they
needed a generator to improve safety. A number of respondents acknowledged that
adequate home modifications would not be possible in their existing homes:
“[I would need a] ramp eventually, but other modifications for first-floor living are
not possible.”
“Our home would require drastic modification to make it age-friendly. [We] probably
would not choose to invest.”
Future housing preferences are difficult to predict, and it is impossible to say with
certainty what circumstances individuals will face in the future that could influence their
housing choices and decisions. However, understanding how individuals currently
perceive their future needs and preferences can be informative in planning, at least
tentatively, to provide desirable housing options that accommodate the tastes and
physical and environmental needs of different cohorts of older residents.
Survey participants were asked to select the types of housing they would prefer to live in if
in the next five years they experienced a change in their health or physical ability that
required a move from their current residence. As shown in Figure 15, the most common
preferences indicated by respondents varied by age category. Among respondents under
age 60, more than half (51%) indicated that they would prefer to live in a single-family
home; 24% would prefer to live in an apartment or condominium and 19% would prefer a
Senior Independent Living facility. Among seniors age 60 to 79, 39% would prefer to live
in an Independent Living facility, and 29% indicated that they would prefer an apartment
or condominium, along with 30% expressing preference for a single family home. The
oldest respondents—seniors age 80 and older—indicated a preference to live in an
Assisted Living facility (40%) or a Senior Independent Living facility (37%). Thus,
respondents age 60 and older seemed receptive to Senior Independent Living, and those
80 and older are receptive to both independent living and assisted living options if health
changes require that they move. Fewer than ten percent of the respondents indicated a
preference for multi-family homes (4%) or add-on apartments (8%).
33
Figure 15. Housing preference, if in the next 5 years a change in health or physical ability
required a move from current residence
Note: Participants could choose all options that applied, therefore totals by age category do not
equal 100%.
Social Activities and Relationships
Survey respondents reported high levels of emotional well-being. This dimension of
social/emotional health is shown by age category in Figure 16. Small shares of
respondents age 45 to 59 and age 60+ reported “fair” or “poor” emotional well-being.
Conversely, large proportions of participants in all age categories rated their social and
emotional health as “excellent” or “good.” Respondents age 80 and older were more likely
than younger respondents to indicate that their emotional well-being was “good” rather
than “excellent,” suggesting slightly lower levels of emotional well-being among
Brewster’s oldest residents.
51%
24%
19%
7%
30%
29%
39%
16%
10%
17%
37%
40%
Single family home
Apartment or condo
Senior Independent
Living
Assisted living
Age 45 to 59
Age 60 to 79
Age 80+
34
Figure 16. Self-ratings of emotional well-being
Social/emotional health is dependent on many factors, including the degree of
connectedness that individuals maintain within their social networks. Many older adults
are at high risk for social isolation, especially if their health and social networks break
down and accessible services and transportation are not readily available to them as a
means for maintaining contact with the world outside their homes. Figure 17 suggests
that a majority of Brewster’s older residents are frequently engaged with their social
networks, although a share is at risk of isolation. Participants were asked how often they
talk on the phone, communicate by email or social media, or get together with family,
friends, relatives, or neighbors. A majority of respondents under age 80 reported
interacting with others daily, as did 46% of respondents age 80+. Among the oldest
respondents, nearly one-third reported interactions occurring several times a week, but
not every day. Fewer than one out of ten respondents across the age range reported
interacting less than weekly. Individuals who have infrequent contact with friends or
relatives represent important groups to target for efforts aimed at reducing isolation and,
more generally, safeguarding emotional wellbeing.
58%
65%
41%
34%
33%
55%
8%
2%
4%
Age 45 to 59
Age 60 to 79
Age 80+
Excellent
Good
Fair or poor
35
Figure 17. Frequency of using phone, email, social media, and/or getting together with
friends, relatives, or neighbors
A common concern raised in many communities on the Cape and elsewhere is that of older
adults aging in place with few or no family members nearby. These individuals may be at
risk of isolation; moreover, they may have insufficient social supports in place if an health
or other emergency occurs. We learned that slightly less than half of the survey
respondents have family members living within 30 minutes of their home on whom they
can rely for help; 43% of respondents age 45-59 and 54% of those age 60+ indicated that
they did not have nearby relatives who could help (see Appendix B). Moreover, 49% of
respondents who live alone have no nearby relatives (see Figure 18). Especially for these
individuals, having a well-functioning COA that works collaboratively with community
organizations can be of substantial value.
68%
57%
46%
19%
27%
31%
7%
11%
15%
6%
5%
8%
Age 45 to 59
Age 60 to 79
Age 80+
Every day
Several times a week
1-2 times a week
Less than once a week
36
Figure 18: Percentage who have no family members living within 30 minutes on whom
they can rely for help if needed (all age groups)
Health
Self-ratings of physical health by age category are shown in Figure 19. Nearly all
respondents age 45 to 59 (92%) reported “excellent” or “good” physical health. Within the
senior age group, 93% of respondents age 60 to 79, and 82% of respondents age 80 and
older said their physical health was “excellent” or “good.” This suggests that most of
Brewster’s older residents remain in good health into later life, though segments of the
older population, especially the oldest old, experience declines in their health.
Figure 19. Self-ratings of physical health
49%
55%
32%
Lives alone
Lives with a spouse
Lives with minor children
or others
50%
44%
16%
42%
49%
66%
8%
7%
18%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Age 45 to 59
Age 60 to 79
Age 80+
Excellent
Good
Fair or poor
37
Beyond reflecting the potential need for medical care, self-ratings of health may also be
indicative of the need for additional assistance with activities in and around the home.
Figure 20 shows percentages of respondents in each age category who indicated that
health issues require them to seek help with activities around the house (such as doing
routine chores like cleaning or yard work), and with daily activities (such as using the
telephone, preparing meals, taking medications, or keeping track of bills) or with personal
care activities (such as taking a bath or shower or getting dressed). Needing help with
these sorts of daily living activities was much more common among respondents who are
80 and older. Just under half of respondents in the oldest age category required assistance
with activities around the house; and 8% required assistance with daily activities and/or
personal care. As well, 14% of seniors age 60-79 reported needing help with routine
chores around the house.
Figure 20. Percentage needing assistance due to health
Respondents reported drawing on multiple sources of assistance when extra help is
needed, and many depend on more than one source of help (see Appendix B). Among
those who reported needing help, many respondents have family members (51%) or
friends (18%) on whom they rely. Paying for assistance was reported by 68% of those
who need help. A common problem facing older adults who need assistance is locating
appropriate services that may be available to supplement informal care provided by
8%
2%
14%
1%
49%
8%
Help with activities
around the house
Help with daily activities and/or personal
care
Age 45 to 59
Age 60 to 79
Age 80+
38
family and friends. An important function of the Brewster COA is connecting people to
needed resources for caregiver support and home services, among other types of
assistance meant to help older adults stay in their homes.
Caregiving
Many Brewster residents provide informal care and assistance to individuals who are frail
or disabled, while managing other aspects of their lives such as family and work. Indeed,
61% of survey respondents age 45-59 said that they had provided care or assistance to a
spouse, parent, relative, or friend who is disabled or frail within the past 5 years; along
with 49% of respondents age 60-79 and 40% of those age 80+ (see Figure 21). Many
caregivers described it as “very challenging” or “somewhat challenging” to provide care
and to meet their other responsibilities with family and/or work, including 73% of the
caregivers age 45-59, 64% of those age 60-79 and 51% of those 80 and older.
Figure 21. Percentage having provided care or assistance within the past 5 years to a
person who is disabled or frail, and share of caregivers describing the experience as very
or somewhat challenging
Figure 22 shows the percentage of respondents in each age category who said that a
caregiver respite program or support group would be helpful to themselves or their
families, if it were available. More than half of the respondents age 45-59, and 48% of
those age 60+, said that these programs would be helpful. Many times, middle-aged adults
and young seniors have caregiving responsibilities for their own children, while
61%
73%
49%
64%
40%
51%
Provided care/assistance
"Very" or "somewhat" challenging
Age 45-59
Age 60-79
Age 80+
39
simultaneously providing care to an aging parent. Note that the question about need for
caregiver support was asked of all respondents, not just caregivers. Interestingly,
respondents having had recent or ongoing caregiving responsibilities were only slightly
more likely to report that caregiver respite would be helpful to them or their families. This
suggests that elder-care assistance is experienced as a need broadly throughout the
community. Strong support for offering a social adult day care program to Brewster
residents is evident, with eight out of ten respondents indicating they favor or strongly
favor this, including 83% of those with caregiving experience (see Figure 23).
59%
48%
66%
56%
Age 45 to 59
Age 60+
Figure 22. Percentage indicating that a caregiver respite
program would be helpful to them or their family
All respondents
Caregivers
79%
80%
83%
76%
Age 45-59
Age 60+
Caregivers
Non-caregivers
Figure 23: Percentage favoring or strongly favoring offering
a Social Adult Day Care program in Brewster
40
Transportation
Transportation is a fundamental need for people of all ages who strive to lead independent,
socially engaged lives. For older people in particular, lack of adequate and appropriate
transportation can complicate their efforts to meet material and social needs and make it
difficult to remain active participants in their communities.
Survey responses suggest that older residents in Brewster rely largely on driving
themselves or obtaining rides from family members or friends; few reported using public
transportation or formal travel supports. By far, the most commonly cited means of
transportation reported by survey respondents was driving themselves, though the
percentage is smaller for respondents age 80 and older. Among those who depend on
driving to meet their transportation needs, physical challenges associated with aging (e.g.,
poor vision) may sometimes require that individuals modify their driving to increase ease
and safety of community travel. Table 6 shows that while the majority of respondents
were drivers, many seniors modify their behavior in order to make driving easier and safer.
Table 6. Driving participation by age category
Age 45-59 Age 60-79 Age 80+
Non-driver 4% 2% 14%
Drive with modifications 32% 40% 69%
Drive without modifications 65% 58% 17%
While more than 95% of respondents under the age of 80 drive, 86% of Brewster residents
age 80+ drive themselves, with the rest relying on other strategies for getting around. Four
out of ten seniors age 60 to 79 reported making at least one modification to their driving, as
did one-third of the younger respondents. Among seniors age 80 and older, 69% reported
using at least one strategy to make their driving safer and easier. Strategies reported most
commonly are avoiding night driving (reported by 22% of respondents age 60-79 and 50%
of those age 80+), avoiding driving in bad weather (reported by 30% of respondents age
60-79 and 47% of those age 80+), and avoiding driving far distances (reported by 14% of
respondents age 60-79 and 33% of those age 80+). Other modifications reported include
avoiding the following situations: left-hand turns, highway driving, and driving in
unfamiliar areas (see Appendix B).
The use of such strategies likely contributes to older adults’ increased safety while driving;
however, limiting driving can also place constraints on independence, especially when
alternate transportation choices are not available, are inaccessible, or are prohibitively
costly or inconvenient. For instance, the large percentages of people who avoid driving at
night may be discouraged from participating in activities that occur within the community
during the evening, especially if alternative transportation options are not readily available.
41
Other than driving oneself, walking, or bicycling, the most common forms of transportation
reported by respondents were obtaining rides from a family member, friends, or neighbors.
In contrast, more formalized forms of transportation were reported less commonly, with
the DART Dial-A-Ride service, COA transportation, Flex Bus, and taxi service each being
reported by 4% or fewer respondents (see Appendix B). However, as shown in Table 7,
these forms of transportation are important forms of travel for those who do not drive. For
example, COA volunteer medical transportation was used by 23% of the nondrivers in the
survey, and 25% reported using COA transportation (B-Bus). Note that relinquishing
driving is most common among individuals age 80 or older. As the share of the senior
community in Brewster ages, a larger number of residents may need transportation
support.
Table 7: Forms of transportation used by Brewster survey respondents, by driver status
Nondrivers Drive with
modifications
Drive without
modifications
Spouse/partner or
child
63% 33% 17%
Friends or
neighbors
28% 12% 4%
DART Dial-A-Ride 13% 2% 1%
Volunteer medical
transportation
through COA
23% 4% 1%
COA transportation
(B-Bus)
25% 2% 1%
Public
transportation
(Flex Bus)
15% 4% 3%
Taxi 3% 1% 1%
Bicycle 8% 7% 15%
Walk 28% 23% 28%
Many survey participants indicated satisfaction with transportation options available to
them in Brewster, and more than four out of ten respondents reported that they are
“completely satisfied” or “very satisfied.” Figure 24 shows roughly comparable rates of
<
<
42
satisfaction with transportation by age group. The most common response among both age
groups is “somewhat satisfied,” but 28% of the respondents under age 60 and 20% of those
age 60 or older indicated that they were only “slightly satisfied” or “not at all satisfied” with
transportation options, indicating room for improvement regarding transportation options
in the community. Interestingly, respondents who do not drive at all or who drive with
modifications were only nominally more likely to report being not satisfied or slightly
satisfied than those who drive. Moreover, nondrivers were also more likely to report high
satisfaction levels than drivers, suggesting that some nondrivers have been able to
establish satisfactory transportation arrangements. These results suggest that preference
for more or different transportation options stem not entirely from ease of travelling
independently (see Figure 25).
Figure 24. Satisfaction with transportation options in Brewster
Figure 25. Satisfaction with transportation options in Brewster by driver status
11%
17%
22%
28%
39%
35%
16%
14%
12%
6%
Age 45-59
Age 60+
Completely
Satisried
Very
Satisried
Somewhat
Satisried
Slightly
Satisried
Not at All
Satisried
44%
41%
47%
36%
37%
27%
20%
22%
26%
Driver no modirications
Drive with modirications
Nondriver
Completely or very satisried
Somewhat satisried
Slightly or not satisried
43
Consistent with the mixed levels of satisfaction with transportation options locally, a
segment of the community experiences negative consequences associated with
transportation limitations. Respondents were asked if within the past 12 months they had
to miss, cancel, or reschedule a medical appointment because of a lack of transportation.
Fewer than 5% of respondents in any age group responded affirmatively, as did very few
respondents who drive with modification. However, 18% of nondrivers indicated that
seeking medical care had been disrupted due to transportation limitations (see Figure 26).
For these individuals, improved transportation options may have an especially meaningful
impact on well-being.
Figure 26. Percentage having to miss, cancel, or reschedule a medical appointment
because of a lack of transportation, within the previous 12 months
Current & Future Retirement Plans
Many older adults work well into later life, continuing in paid work roles because of the
meaningfulness of their work, the need for income, or both. In Brewster, 30% of the seniors
age 60-79 responding to the survey work full-time or part-time, as do 84% of the
respondents age 45-59 (see Appendix B). A large majority of those age 80+ reported being
retired. Some survey respondents wrote-in that they spend time volunteering,
homemaking, and participating in a variety of other unpaid activities.
Respondents were asked about their retirement plans. Figure 27 suggests that among
working respondents, 35% of those under age 60 and nearly half of those age 60 or older
were not sure when or if they will retire. This may indicate uncertainty about their ability
to retire, or ambivalence about interest in retiring.
3%
1%
4%
18%
3%
0%
Age 45-59
Age 60-79
Age 80+
Nondriver
Drives with
modirications
Drives
without
modirications
44
Figure 27: When respondent plans to fully retire (among those who are currently working
part-time or full-time)
Most Brewster seniors responding to the survey reported that they expect to have
adequate resources to meet their financial needs in retirement (see Figure 28), but only
42% of respondents age 45-59 felt confident about their retirement resources. One-third of
the respondents under age 60 were unsure if they will have sufficient resources, and one-
quarter did not expect to have sufficient resources. This pattern of response suggests that
financial shortfalls in retirement is a concern for a sizable minority of Brewster residents,
and opportunities to learn more about retirement planning may be valued.
Figure 28: “During my retirement, I expect to have adequate resources to meet my
financial needs, including home maintenance, real estate taxes, healthcare, and other
expenses”
14%
45%
51%
9%
17%
21%
18%
25%
Age 45-59
Age 60+
Within 5 years
6 or more years
Not sure
Do not anticipate retiring
13%
25%
29%
40%
33%
22%
15%
9%
10%
4%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Age 45-59
Age 60+
Strongly agree
Agree
Unsure
Disagree
Strongly disagree
45
Programs & Services at the Council on Aging
The Brewster COA is an important resource for many older residents striving to age in
place in their homes. The COA seeks to identify and respond to the physical and emotional
needs of Brewster’s seniors by providing programs, information and referrals intended to
support seniors’ efforts to live independent and fulfilling lives. Toward these ends, a broad
range of programs and services that target a diverse population of older residents are
available, including services for information and referral to other agencies in and around
the area, outreach, congregate and home-delivered meals, wellness programs,
transportation, education and recreation programs.
Participation in Brewster COA programs and services is substantially higher among the
oldest Brewster seniors. Figure 29 shows the percentage of respondents who indicated
that they currently use programs and services offered by the COA by age category. Forty
percent of the respondents age 80+ reported using these programs and services, as did
26% of respondents age 70-79, 22% of those age 60-69 and 8% of those 45-59. As in most
other communities, likelihood of using the Brewster COA programs and services is
considerably higher among older residents, more of whom are no longer working for pay,
may have experienced shrinking social networks due to loss of spouse or friends, and may
experience needs for new types of support or services such as those offered by the COA.
Figure 29. Percentage of respondents who currently use programs and services offered by
the Brewster COA by age category*
Among seniors who said that they do not currently participate in programs and services,
29% of those age 60-79 and 31% of those age 80+ stated that they were “not interested”;
19% of those 60-79 and 1% of those age 80+ stated that they were “not old enough,” and
21% of those 60-79 and 7% of those age 80+ stated that they “do not identify with the
8%
22%
26%
41%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Age 45 to 59
Age 60 to 69
Age 70 to 79
Age 80+
Percentage using COA
46
word ‘senior’.” More than 200 respondents took the time to write in reasons, with the
largest share reporting that they “did not need help,” referring to their current level of
independence, indicating that they had family nearby who helped them, or stating that they
didn’t need the COA yet. As one respondent writes, “I am still able to function
independently.” These individuals would appear to be focusing on the service offerings of
the COA (e.g. nutrition, transportation) rather than the full range of COA offerings in
evaluating their interest. The next most common write-in response was that they were too
busy or had no time to participate, many indicating that they were still working. Some
linked these two sentiments; for example, one respondent indicated,
“I am independent and busy enough so haven’t had the time to take advantage of COA.
I would definitely make use of its services in the future when my time is more freed up
or if/when I develop physical limitations.”
Smaller numbers of respondents wrote that they didn’t know what was available, they go
elsewhere for activities, or they were just not interested.
To help prepare the Brewster COA for potential changes in participation levels, we asked
all respondents to indicate how likely they are to participate in programs and services
offered by the Brewster COA in the future. The majority of seniors responding indicated
that it was “very” or “somewhat” likely that they would participate, as did 44% of
respondents under age 60 (see Figure 30). Additional tabulations (not shown) suggest that
among seniors who do not already use services, nearly half indicate they are either “very
likely” or “somewhat likely” to participate in programs and services in the future.
Figure 30. Likelihood of participating in programs and services in the future
15%
21%
29%
34%
40%
34%
16%
11%
Age 45-59
Age 60+
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Unsure
Somewhat or Very Unlikely
47
Respondents were asked to indicate factors that would increase the likelihood of using the
Brewster COA programs and services more often. The most common response given was “if
I had more knowledge about programs and services that are available,” cited by more than
40% of the respondents under age 80, and by 24% of those age 80+. The next most
common response was “If there were more people like myself at Senior Center events,”
cited by one-quarter of all age groups. Improvements to the Senior Center building,
including offering programs on a single level, easier access to the building, handicapped
accessible bathrooms on all floors or other building improvements, were mentioned by
11% of the respondents under 60, 22% of those age 60-79, and one-third of those age 80 or
older. Specific building improvements mentioned include installing a sprinkler system,
improved safety of the building, and improved bathroom access. Ten percent of the seniors
wrote in other improvements to the services and programs that would increase their
likelihood of using the Brewster COA, including cooking classes, art classes, bus trips,
walking indoors, movies, and recreation programs.
An important goal of the survey was to assess the value and importance of programs and
services that are currently offered, or could be offered in the future, to older adults and
their families in Brewster. Survey respondents were asked to rate 27 programs and
services according to their priority to the Brewster community. Each was rated on a five-
point scale (from 1=low priority to 5=high priority). Six sets of programs were rated highly
by all three age groups (see Table 8). Transportation was highly rated by 75% of
respondents under age 60, 77% of those age 60-79 and 68% of those age 80. Caregiving
services and support was rated highly by 77% of respondents age 45-59, 73% of those age
60-79 and 63% of those age 80+. The other programs rated highly by all age groups were
health and wellness programs, SHINE, assistance with local or state programs, and adult
day programs. Respondents under age 80 also rated fitness activities highly; respondents
age 80+ rated professional services highly. The consistency in the top-ranked programs
across age groups is striking and overall, strong support is expressed for most programs.
Table 8. Percentage of respondents who prioritize programs/services as 4 or 5 on a five
point scale (where 5 = high priority) in terms of priority to the Brewster community (listed
in order of high to low ranking among respondents age 60-79)
Age 45 to 59 Age 60 to 79 Age 80+
Transportation (B-bus, volunteer drivers,
medical van)
75% 77% 68%
Caregiving services and support 77% 73% 63%
Health and wellness programs 70% 73% 63%
Fitness activities 66% 72% 44%
SHINE 74% 72% 62%
Assistance with local or state programs 77% 71% 58%
Adult day programs 77% 71% 61%
48
Table 8 (cont.) Age 45 to 59 Age 60 to 79 Age 80+
Professional services 65% 64% 60%
Lunch at the COA and Meals on Wheels 65% 63% 52%
Information, referral & outreach 61% 61% 45%
Home and personal safety 61% 60% 51%
Mental health counseling and support 60% 60% 50%
Medical equipment loan & beach access
wheelchair
53% 57% 51%
Educational and life-long learning
opportunities
54% 54% 37%
Outdoor exercise activities 55% 54% 34%
Shared interest groups 48% 54% 48%
Technology training 45% 53% 45%
Social activities 50% 52% 46%
Volunteer opportunities 41% 51% 39%
Food distribution and trips to food
pantries
61% 50% 32%
Trips and outings 49% 48% 43%
Support groups 46% 41% 48%
Part-time employment placement 50% 40% 30%
Intergenerational programs 29% 28% 21%
Grandparents raising grandchildren
support group
31% 27% 21%
Evening dinner dances/social functions 29% 24% 13%
LGBTQ programming 21% 24% 21%
Note: For information on the full range of responses, see Appendix B.
In an open-ended question, survey participants were asked what other programs and
services not already offered through the Brewster COA they would like to see made
available. The most frequently mentioned additions were expanded active programs
including exercise programs (a fitness center, Tai Chi, yoga, strength bearing exercise) and
a swimming pool. Also frequently mentioned was an adult day program and respite care.
Respondents were asked to reflect on various arrangements by which COA activities and
services may be delivered through the community. Respondents rated each arrangement
on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 = not at all preferred and 5 = highly preferred. Figure 31
49
shows the percentage of respondents scoring each arrangement a 4 or a 5, and suggests
that there is a strong preference for all COA services and activities being located in a single
building. Shared space and using space at locations through Brewster are substantially less
preferred options, especially among respondents age 80 and older. With respect to
preference for intergenerational activities co-sponsored by the COA and other groups,
some receptivity is evident across the age groups but especially among the younger
respondents.
Figure 31: Preference for COA arrangements
Many Brewster residents travel to senior centers in other towns to participate in their
activities, including 26% of respondents age 60-79 and 45% of the respondents age 80+.
Respondents who participate in the Brewster COA are more likely to travel to other senior
centers than are those who do not participate in Brewster COA activities (see Figure 32),
suggesting that segments of the Brewster community are not currently interested in
participating in COA programming either in Brewster or elsewhere, while others seek out
programs in a variety of locations. However, given that 22% of seniors responding to the
survey who do not participate in Brewster COA activities are participating elsewhere, it
appears there is a segment of the community that is seeking an alternative to the Brewster
COA.
Among those who do attend out-of-town COAs, the largest number indicated they went to
the Orleans COA, followed by Harwich (which is housed in a community center), Dennis,
and Yarmouth. Many respondents wrote in multiple COAs that they had attended, some
adding specific programs that had attracted them.
55%
30%
34%
41%
65%
28%
32%
38%
72%
15%
21%
27%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
All COA programs in
a single building
COA programs at
dedicated locations
throughout
Brewster
COA programs in
shared space
Intergenerational
activities
Age 45-59
Age 60-79
Age 80+
50
Figure 32: Supplementing and substituting—percentage who have ever travelled to senior
centers in other towns (respondents age 60+ only)
Planning ahead can also be aided through an understanding of what Brewster residents
enjoy doing. Survey respondents were asked to indicate which among a series of activities
they enjoyed currently. Table 9 lists the activities selected by respondents in the order of
mention among the age 60-79 group. Although the specific order varied across age groups,
considerable overlap is evident in the activities listed most frequently. Among respondents
age 60-79, the top 3 mentions were active outdoor activities (86%), social activities (83%),
and media (78%). For respondents age 45-59, active outdoor activities were mentioned
most frequently (by 92%), followed by food-related activities (81%) and social activities
(79%). Respondents age 80 or older most frequently indicated individual/solitary activities
such as reading (78%), social activities (74%), and media (74%). The broad appeal of
social activities is evident across age groups, and those under 80 are drawn to active
outdoor activities as well. Enjoying media such as movies and television is also well rated
across age groups.
26%
45%
50%
22%
Age 60-79
Age 80+
Participate in
Brewster COA
Do not participate
in Brewster COA
51
Table 9: “Which activities do you currently enjoy doing?” (Listed in order of mention
frequency for respondents age 60-79)
Activity Age 45-59 Age 60-79 Age 80+
Active outdoor activities (e.g., walking, cycling,
gardening)
92% 86% 57%
Social activities (e.g., spending time with family
and friends)
79% 83% 74%
Media (e.g., film, TV) 75% 78% 74%
Individual/solitary activities (e.g., reading) 73% 77% 78%
Food (e.g., cooking, dining out, nutrition) 81% 73% 61%
Travel or outings (e.g., day trips) 63% 69% 40%
Cultural events (e.g., concerts, plays, museums) 65% 68% 53%
Active indoor activities (e.g., exercise) 54% 51% 36%
Volunteering 40% 47% 34%
Educational programs (e.g., lectures, adult
education, Life Long Learning Institute)
30% 38% 26%
Arts and crafts (e.g., painting, knitting) 38% 35% 29%
Faith-based activities 29% 24% 30%
Intergenerational programs 17% 14% 8%
The Brewster COA is able to build on a strong base of community support; yet providing
high quality information about programming, hours of service, special events, and
volunteer opportunities is essential for the COA’s potential effectiveness to be maximized.
Currently, residents of Brewster can become aware of activities and services offered by the
COA through a variety of outlets, including the Brewster Council on Aging Bayside Chatter
newsletter. Expanded dissemination of information about Brewster COA programs and
services is a desirable goal, and respondents were asked to provide their preferred sources
of information about the Brewster COA. The top three sources were the same across age
groups, and include the Town of Brewster website, local community newspapers, and the
COA newsletter. Yet the extent to which these were preferred is quite different (see Table
10). Respondents under the age of 60 was most likely to list the Town website; in contrast,
respondents age 60 or older were less likely to prefer the website and only 18% of the
respondents age 80 or older listed the website at all. The COA newsletter was the
preferred source of information for respondents age 80 or older; for respondents age 60-
79, the most preferred source was the local community newspaper. We note that these
three information sources are also those most frequently mentioned among seniors who do
not participate in the COA currently. Reaching senior nonparticipants may be most
effectively accomplished through the local newspaper (preferred by 63% of
nonparticipants), COA newsletter (49%), and the Town website (49%).
52
Table 10: “Where would you prefer to find information about the activities and services
offered by the Brewster Council on Aging? (Check all that apply)” (listed in order of mention
frequency for respondents age 60-79)
Age 45-59 Age 60-79 Age 80+
Local community newspaper (Cape
Codder, Cape Cod Times)
57% 64% 57%
COA newsletter (Bayside Chatter) 39% 54% 77%
Town of Brewster website 69% 52% 18%
Facebook (or other social media sites) 31% 17% 4%
Cable TV (Channel 18) 17% 14% 17%
Radio 13% 12% 13%
Using electronic means of communication may be more effective in coming years, given the
high frequency of Internet use among the respondents under age 80 (see Figure 33).
However, just over half of respondents age 80 or older use the Internet daily, and 28%
never use it. In order to reach this cohort, the COA will need to continue outreach through
print media.
Figure 33. Frequency of using the Internet to access email, social media, or other websites
90%
86%
58%
4%
6%
12%
1%
3%
2%
5%
5%
28%
Age 45-59
Age 60-79
Age 80+
Daily
Weekly
Once a month or less
Never
53
Is Brewster age-friendly?
Many communities throughout the nation are
pursuing strategies to promote health and
quality of life among their older residents. By
embarking on community-engaged initiatives
meant to identify and improve local amenities
and services, the goal of an age-friendly effort is
to make environmental changes that have
meaningful impact on resident well-being. An
“age-friendly world,” as described by the World
Health Organization (WHO), is one in which
people participate, are connected, remain
healthy and active, and feel they belong—no
matter their age.
The Age-Friendly framework includes eight
domains of community life that intersect with livability, accessibility, and the ability to
thrive within the community, including a number of domains already discussed above, such
as transportation, housing, community supports, and communication and information—as
well as several that have not been previously described. In an effort to take advantage of
this opportunity to expand Brewster’s assessment of its age-friendliness, a few additional
questions were asked in the community survey, with results reported below.
Respondents were requested to indicate how “age-friendly” Brewster was with respect to
each of six questions, where a score of 1 indicates age-friendly and a score of 5 indicates
not age-friendly. Results for three questions relating to access are displayed in Figure 34.
Respondents were asked if older residents can safely access beaches and green space in
Brewster; if older residents have access to learning opportunities; and if older residents
have adequate access to medical services. For each question, the older respondents
evaluated their access more positively than did the younger respondents, possibly
indicating an assumption of the part of younger Brewster residents that access is more
challenging for seniors. The best rating for all age groups was for medical services, with
87% of those age 80 or older rating seniors’ access as 1 or 2 on a five-point scale. The
poorest access was indicated for beaches and green space. Sixty-four percent of
respondents age 80 or older, and 53% of those age 45-59, rated this type of access as age-
friendly.
54
Figure 34: Percentage rating access as “age-friendly” (scoring Brewster as 1 or 2 on a
5-point scale)
Three additional questions in the age-friendly series referred to older residents having a
say in Town governance and being treated respectfully in the community. For these
questions, responses are more similar across age groups although once again, the oldest
respondents perceive Brewster to be slightly more age-friendly. More than nine out of ten
respondents age 80 or older report that Brewster is age-friendly in terms of treating older
residents respectfully, as do 79% of those age 45-59 (see Figure 35). Seventy percent of
each age group evaluates the extent to which older residents have a say in Town decision-
making as age-friendly. Lower shares, including 57% of respondents age 60-79 and 63%
of those age 80 or older, provide age-friendly evaluations for the extent to which local
policy makers take into account the interests and concerns of older residents. Given that
older residents make up a sizable share of the population, it is striking that all age groups
responding to this survey have similar perceptions with respect to how older adults are
taken into consideration in Town governance.
53%
68%
67%
62%
69%
71%
64%
83%
87%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Older residents can
safely access
beaches and green
space
Older residents have
access to learning
opportunities
Older residents have
adequate access to
medical services
Age 45-59
Age 60-79
Age 80+
55
Figure 35: Percentage rating respect and being considered in Town governance as “age-
friendly” (scoring Brewster as 1 or 2 on a 5-point scale)
Access to information and safety is an additional element of an age-friendly community. In
their write-in responses, survey respondents in Brewster reported numerous concerns
about the weather and weather-related emergencies. We asked respondents if they felt
informed about what to do in the event of a weather or other local emergency, with results
displayed in Figure 36. Across the age groups shown, 43%-51% reported being “very well
informed,” with the oldest respondents being least likely to provide this response. Most of
the remaining participants reported being “somewhat informed,” and only 1% of each age
group reported being “not at all informed.” These results suggest that by and large,
Brewster residents feel well informed about what to do in emergencies. Considering the
share of those who fall short of feeling very well informed, however, additional public
information about community resources and recommended actions during emergencies
may be welcomed.
58%
70%
79%
57%
70%
87%
63%
69%
92%
Local policy makers
take into account the
interests and concerns
of older residents
Older residents have a
voice in Town
decision-making
Older residents are
treated respectfully
Age 45-59
Age 60-79
Age 80+
56
Figure 36: “How informed are you about what to do in the event of a weather or other
local emergency?”
Other input from survey respondents
Survey participants were given the opportunity to offer open-ended comments. The
largest numbers of comments offered at the end of the survey questionnaire make
reference to desired-for improvements to the Brewster COA, typically referring to the
building itself.
The types of improvements mentioned reflect a clear division in the community between
residents who favor maintaining a free-standing senior center, and those who prefer a
community center within which the COA would be housed. A number of respondents
referred to the value of repurposing an existing building, specifically, the Eddy School.
Some examples of these types of comments include:
It would be nice to have the Brewster COA updated like the Harwich Community
Center [several similar comments were received]
I think the Eddy school with one level and ample parking would be an ideal
community center to house both COA and other age activities. I don’t like being
segregated with old people! [several similar comments referred to Eddy School]
If a community center facility existed which was airy, attractive and accessible such
as in Orleans or Harwich, many more people would be attracted to the programs
offered.
44%
51%
43%
43%
39%
50%
12%
9%
6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Age 45-59
Age 60-79
Age 80+
Very well informed
Somewhat informed
Not well informed
Not at all informed
57
There is no question that our COA building is not adequate, albeit historical in nature,
but the town needs to explore every option and building to provide a safe and
accessible facility for our seniors in need of a home away from home to use the
various services, especially the social gathering.
Some comments referred to programs that could be improved at the COA:
[We need a] new building, more programs for “younger” seniors. Most programs seem
geared to sedentary seniors (older).
Although I live in Brewster, the Harwich and Orleans COAs offer better space and
relevant activities, e.g., exercise.
Another frequent topic involved offering appreciation for the COA or comments on Town
amenities for seniors. For example:
The COA does an outstanding job serving seniors. I look forward to the pursuit of the
community center concept for its future operations.
I believe that the COA is a wonderful asset to the town. I think a better equipped
building is a growing necessity.
Brewster is excellent in all aspects of senior living.
The current staff is excellent.
I do not know of any other Cape town, Massachusetts town or town in other states
where there is such a variety of help and the willingness to help as there is in
Brewster. I am very impressed and pleased.
Additional write-in comments about taxes, housing, and transportation were offered, in
line with those described above. Finally, a number of comments related to communication
and information, including comments like these:
This is the first and only COA contact we’ve ever had. My wife and I are retired
educators, university/college professors. Idea: when I registered to vote it would have
been nice to get a packet of information. We got nothing!
I don’t think the COA gets information out to residents about their available services.
Mass mailings would help.
Seasonal resident survey
A questionnaire was developed for seasonal residents and installed for electronic access
on SurveyMonkey. Individuals age 45 and older were invited to participate by email. A
total of 80 responses were received. We have no way of determining how representative
these responses are of the seasonal population; readers are advised to use caution in
interpreting these findings.
58
Eighty-five percent of the respondents to the seasonal survey were age 60 or older. Most
respondents are already retired, and 40% personally use their Brewster home at least 17
weeks out of the year. Respondents are highly educated (65% have an advanced degree),
primarily married or living with a partner (89%), and most report that they could afford
to live in Brewster year-round (90%). Forty percent purchased their Brewster home since
2001; for some of these, the purchase may have been made with a potential retirement
move in mind. Indeed, 54% of the working respondents indicated that they plan to retire
within the next 5 years.
Information about respondents’ Brewster homes is included in Table 11. One-quarter of
seasonal residents reported that their Brewster home is on a single level, and most
reported having a first-floor bathroom. However, half said that their Brewster residence is
not accessible for an older person or someone with a disability, and at least 20% believe
that substantial changes would need to be made to support living comfortably full-time.
Two out of ten respondents anticipated making their Brewster home their primary
residence, and an additional 38% thought this is a possibility. Among those who indicated
they were considering making Brewster their primary residence, most expected they
would make the transition within the coming decade. Most seasonal respondents were
aware of aging services in Brewster, but only 11% have used those services. Services
noted by respondents as those of which they were aware include fitness programs,
transportation, medical loan program, SHINE, and SNAP.
Table 11. Seasonal resident survey respondent characteristics
Attribute Percentage
Features of the Brewster home:
Is a single-level home 27%
Has a first-floor bathroom 97%
Accessible for an older person or someone with disability 49%
I would need to make substantial changes to my home in Brewster to
live comfortably there full time.
Agree or strongly agree 21%
Neutral 25%
Disagree or strongly disagree 54%
Do you anticipate eventually making your home in Brewster your
primary residence?
Yes 20%
Maybe 38%
No 42%
If you were to make your home in Brewster your primary residence,
when do you think you would make this change?
2015-2019 43%
2020-2024 38%
2025+ 19%
Are you aware of aging services in the Town of Brewster?
No 32%
Yes, but have never used any aging services 58%
Yes, and have used aging services 11%
59
Respondents were invited to write in factors they would consider in deciding whether to
make their Brewster home their primary residence. The most frequently mentioned items
were factors relating to the respondent or his/her family, including their own health and
their children’s proximity. A similar number of respondents identified financial factors to
be considered, including affording taxes and the cost of living. Other factors named by
respondents included concerns about availability of activities and cultural events,
concerns about transportation and healthcare in Brewster, and concerns about the
weather. Few respondents reported changes that the Town of Brewster would need to
make to accommodate their full-time residence; those named were primarily financial
(e.g., lower taxes) or amenity-based (e.g., provide easier access to public beaches).
Respondents wrote in changes they would need to make to their Brewster home in order
to live there comfortably full-time. Most frequently mentioned were modifications to their
temperature control systems, including air conditioning and heating. Bathroom
modifications and some age-related adaptations were mentioned as well, including
installing adaptability features such as a ramp.
Again, because the number of respondents is small and we have no basis on which to
validate representativeness of the sample, we cannot draw firm conclusions from these
results. However, it does appear that some seasonal residents are considering making
Brewster their permanent home; many of these individuals have Brewster homes that are
not well suited for year-round residence by the current owners; and most seasonal
residents are aware of aging services in Brewster.
Focus Groups
Three focus groups were held in support of the needs assessment, with the goal of hearing
in more depth about unmet needs among seniors in Brewster, and strategies for meeting
those needs. Much of the conversation was about the Council on Aging itself, including the
building in which it is housed; other themes related to town-wide issues such as housing
and transportation. Key themes raised across groups are outlined below:
Housing concerns: Two sets of housing concerns were raised by focus group participants.
One issue is the lack of affordable downsizing options for seniors. Few alternatives are
available in Brewster other than single-family homes, and the condos and other options
are often priced beyond the ability of residents to afford. There was a perception among
participants that some residents live in homes that are not well suited for them, and
exceed their capacity to keep up the house and property. The second housing issue is the
high cost of housing for young adults and families, contributing to the loss of younger
residents and challenges associated with attracting new residents across the age span.
This was seen as a concern for the community as a whole, including seniors.
Transportation challenges: Transportation challenges were discussed in two of the
groups. It was noted that available transportation assistance is mostly for medical trips,
but residents need help accessing other services, shopping, and errands as well. It was
noted that transportation is challenging to schedule in the area, and having to call far in
60
advance to make arrangements is a disincentive to use available options. The lack of a
local taxi service is a barrier for people getting to where they want and need to go. It was
observed that much available transportation uses volunteer drivers, but some situations
are not well handled by volunteers, such as when a rider needs help getting in and out of a
vehicle. The lack of transportation was noted as a challenge for using COA programs and
services. It was also identified as a barrier to participating in civic events, such as Town
Meeting, among those who do not drive or do not drive at night.
The Brewster Council on Aging: Most of the discussion in all groups focused on the Council
on Aging, its programs and space needs. The Council on Aging is well regarded by the
participants of these groups. Priority in COA programs appears to be placed on meeting
service needs in the community—through outreach, transportation, and Meals on Wheels,
for example—which members of these groups regarded as appropriate. Some participants
referred to the “invisible people” in Brewster—residents who are in financial need, who
are isolated, or who struggle with mental illness. The COA’s role in offering a safety net for
these individuals and families, often in cooperation with other Town offices such as the
Fire Department and the Health Department, is seen as a priority.
Participants recognized that programs and activities are also important, and central to the
mission of the COA. Members of the focus groups noted that there are not many options in
Brewster for programs meant to interest and engage senior residents. As valued
exceptions group members cited programs offered through the library, which appeal
broadly across age groups, and programs through the recreation department that are
meant for older adults, such as senior tennis. But given the relatively few options available
in Brewster, focus group participants appeared to think that the COA could do more. Some
participants suggested that socialization opportunities should be expanded, and others
cited a need for more caregiver support programs. Some participants indicated that the
COA should devise ways to appeal to younger seniors, including perhaps offering
programs during the evening hours.
To the extent that programming is limited, participants pointed to features of the current
building as being a key factor. Participants suggested that the potential of the COA is not
currently being met due to lack of appropriate space. Some participants referred to the
current COA building as a “fire trap,” noting that a modern sprinkler system is not in place.
Participants reported that people with mobility difficulties are fearful of attending
programs on upper floors, should the elevator stop functioning or should a fire require
evacuation. Others spoke to the old age and poor configuration of the building as a barrier
to participation. For example, one focus group participant remarked:
Just the building itself doesn’t lend itself to the amount of programming that could be
offered that could attract more people to the building. So that’s just, for me, a huge
barrier in terms of…I think about what I’d like to participate in, and the building just
doesn’t lend itself to it.
61
And as noted by another group member,
I see nothing in the Senior Center that would attract me. If I want to do something, I
go to a health club. Why would I want to go to an old building that doesn’t have any
facilities?
Discussion in all groups included sharing thoughts about options available in Brewster for
better COA space. Many participants were aware of the potential availability of Eddy
School, and most thought that was a good option worth considering. Some suggested that
a free-standing senior center was preferred, but most thought a community center within
which a senior center could be embedded was more desirable, and made more sense given
the lack of recreation and community facilities in Brewster. Participants also viewed
opportunities for intergenerational programming that may be facilitated through a
community center model as positive. All recognized that affordability of any option
considered would be a key factor in creating a plan and carrying it out.
All groups spoke to the lack of awareness in the community about the Brewster COA, and
the need for better publicity. Participants noted that many residents do not know what
services are available, and that this alone prevents some people from taking advantage of
services and programs. In one group, discussion revealed a lack of understanding about
the distinction between the Brewster COA and the Friends of Brewster Elders. It was
noted that although any senior resident of Brewster can participate in COA activities,
membership in the Friends of Brewster Elders requires paying a small fee. FOBE
members receive a printed copy of the newsletter by mail, free copies are available for
pick-up at the COA and other locations in town. It was clear from discussion that some
residents, and some members of these focus groups, are unclear on the distinction
between these two groups. For example,
I’ll admit I have trouble distinguishing between the Friends of Brewster Elders and
the Council on Aging, and Elder Services of Cape Cod.
and
I have heard that some people are under the impression they have to join, they have
to become a member, in order to participate, which is not true.
Focus group members made a number of suggestions for improving dissemination of
information about the COA and raising its visibility, such as including notices in free
newspapers circulated in the area, posting notices at Town offices, and distributing
information through real estate offices. For members of these groups, expanding publicity
about the COA is a priority.
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Community Comparisons
Brewster and its comparison communities share much in common with respect to key
demographic characteristics of population size and socioeconomic status (see Table 12).
The six communities profiled here range in total population size, as estimated from the
American Community Survey, from 5,874 (Orleans) to 14,113 (Dennis) with Brewster at
nearly 10,000. The number of senior residents ranges from 2,971 to 5,993, and represents
large shares (29%-53%) of the total resident populations. Socioeconomic status is fairly
high in these communities, with median household income between $50,860 and $77,440.
Educational levels are also high, as represented by one-third or more of the adults age 25
and older having college degrees.
Table 12. Demographic features, Brewster and comparison communities
Town All-age
population
Population
age 60+
% age
60+
Median HH $ % with college
degrees (among
those age 25+)
Brewster 9,858 3,853 39% $66,306 50%
Dennis 14,113 5,993 42% $50,860 38%
Harwich 12,205 4,583 38% $67,332 41%
Hull 10,324 2,971 29% $77,440 41%
Mashpee 13,988 4,826 35% $65,768 34%
Orleans 5,874 3,142 53% $58,235 49%
Source: US Census Bureau, 2000-2014 American Community Survey, Tables B01001; B19013; S1501.
Despite common demographic features, Brewster and its comparison communities vary in
terms of how they have chosen to address the needs of seniors living in their communities.
All councils on aging, with the exception of Harwich, are housed in their own stand-alone
buildings (Table 13). Mashpee has the newest senior center, which was built in 2005 with
11,000 square feet. The oldest center, built in 1973, is in Brewster. Hull has the smallest
reported square footage, followed by Brewster and Orleans. On a per-senior basis, Hull has
the smallest amount of space (at 0.8 square feet per senior resident), followed by Brewster
(at 1.8 square feet per senior). All of the stand-alone senior centers have kitchen or dining
space, multipurpose activity space, and small private office spaces. The Brewster, Dennis,
and Hull senior centers have two floors, which may pose problems for seniors with
mobility difficulty or challenges with stairs. The Harwich senior center operates out of a
Community Center, built in 2000, and has full access to the 32,000 square feet of available
space, consisting of a gym, auditorium/multipurpose room, five classrooms, a kitchen, and
two counselling rooms. In addition, some Harwich COA programs have been moved to an
empty middle school in the community, allowing for more programs to be offered.
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Table 13. Features of COA space, Brewster and comparison communities
Town COA space Senior Center Square
Feet
Year
Opened
Adequate
Space?
Brewster Senior center 6,760 1973 No
Dennis Senior center NP 1981 No
Harwich Community center;
empty middle school
32,000 2000 Yes
Hull Senior center 2,400* 1979 Yes
Mashpee Senior center 11,000 2005 Yes
Orleans Senior center 8,350* 2000 No
Note: NP = Not Provided; N/A = Not applicable; FT = Full time; PT= Part time
*estimated from MCOA database
Half of the COA directors feel that they currently do not have enough space to provide the
programs and services that they would like to provide. Directors in Brewster, Dennis, and
Orleans all reported needing more space for programming and for storage to better serve
their residents. All of the directors who reported having enough space currently had
conditional responses. The directors of Harwich and Hull both said they have enough
space for the most part, but additional multipurpose space would be utilized fully if it
were available. Similarly, the Mashpee director reported that additional space would be
useful for games, a pool table, café space, or especially storage. Even for communities that
have enough space, future demand will test the capacity of all six of the senior centers.
Table 14 presents other characteristics for Brewster and its comparison councils on
aging. For the most part, staffing numbers are fairly consistent between Brewster and the
selected COAs. All communities, except for Orleans, maintain 8-9 total staff members, with
the number of full time employees ranging from two (Hull) to five (Harwich, Mashpee).
The Orleans COA also employs five full-time staff members, with an additional 17 part-
time employees, many of whom work for very few hours as drivers, and five of whom
work in the day center. All six communities have full-time Directors.
Brewster and its comparison communities depend on the efforts of volunteers, who
supplement the work of paid staff by completing administrative tasks, coordinating and
running programs, participating on boards, and driving other seniors. The amount of time
dedicated by volunteers varies substantially by community, though almost every director
indicated that the number of hours committed per week depended on the time of year and
what was going on in the COA at that time. Comparatively, Brewster appears to have more
volunteer hours on average. All COAs, except for Orleans, have a tax work-off program,
with the number of available positions ranging from 12 in Hull to 35 in Mashpee. All of the
senior centers are open 30-40 hours per week.
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Table 14. Features of the COA, Brewster and comparison communities
Town Staff FT/PT1 Vol.
Hours per
week1
Tax Work
Off Program
Positions1
FY 2015
Budget2
Brewster 4/4 100 20 $237,665
Dennis 4/5 NP NP $361,000
Harwich 5/3 30 30 $436,690
Hull 2/3 15 12 $169,095
Mashpee 5/4 NP 35 $291,215
Orleans 5/17 129 N/A $619,331
Sources:
1 Phone interview with COA Directors
2 Includes Town-allocated budget and the state formula grant
Note: NP = Not Provided; N/A = Not applicable; FT = Full time; PT= Part time
Councils on Aging depend on town-allocated financial resources in addition to state
formula grant funding, which gives communities money based on the number of resident
seniors. These two sources often comprise the majority of funding for COAs, but directors
often seek other grants for additional programming and staffing and also receive
donations. There is a wide range in budgets for the fiscal year 2015. The Hull COA had the
smallest budget for the year, with about $169,000, and Brewster operated with the second
lowest budget, at $237,665 for the year. Direct comparisons of budgets are challenged by
the different scope of services offered by COAs; the two highest budgets in Table 14 are in
Orleans and Dennis, both of which offer adult day programs that impact their budget
figures.
Brewster and its comparison communities offer a variety of programs and services.
Popular among all the COAs are exercise groups, various card games, arts and crafts
classes, and support groups for caregivers. While they continue to offer traditional
programs and services, COA directors are constantly looking to expand and improve upon
what they can offer to better meet the needs of community seniors. Directors are
challenged, however, by space, budget, and demand issues.
Most of the comparison communities either currently or in the recent past provided
programs or services related to isolation or behavioral health issues, such as hoarding.
Outreach services, including Friendly Visitor and telephone reassurance programs are
common among the communities considered here. The Mashpee senior center provides
flower deliveries to seniors 90 and older on their birthdays, which serves as both
celebration and check-in. In Orleans, older LGBTQ seniors are recognized as being at
higher risk of isolation, so LGBTQ groups are provided through the senior center to
promote inclusion. The Brewster senior center has a relationship with the Police
Department as part of an assurance program that addresses nutrition issues among
isolated seniors by involving them in the Center for lunch or in trip to the food pantry.
Both Dennis and Orleans offer social adult day programs through the senior center, with
65
senior day programs offered in Harwich through the VNA. Although there is no adult day
program in town, Brewster provides a bus for residents to the Orleans day center.
Three of the comparison communities—Dennis, Harwich, and Orleans—are part of the
Cape Cod Hoarding Task Force (CCHTF), which is a coordinated effort to raise awareness
and tackle issues of hoarding across the Cape. Harwich, in coordination with the CCHTF,
has grant funding to provide the Buried in Treasures program, which is a 20 week
working and support group designed for residents who qualify for intervention on
hoarding. Though Mashpee is not part of the CCHTF, the senior center works closely with
the police and fire departments on a town hoarding task force with similar goals as the
CCHTF. The Harwich and Hull COAs are not currently part of any hoarding task forces, but
Hull has run seminars about the topic and other behavioral health issues in the past.
Each COA considered here depends on a regular newsletter sent to residents 60 and older
to encourage people to participate in programs and services. Brewster and four of the
comparison communities also depend on postings in local newspapers, both community-
based and regional newsletters, and postings on bulletin boards in public spaces. Two of
the communities are branching into electronic methods of marketing, including the use of
Facebook, email, and radio ads. Moreover, some communities, such as Harwich, are
working to incorporate younger seniors who may still be working by providing programs
in the evenings. The Brewster COA and all of its comparison communities considered here
work creatively to maintain current participation and to market their services to all older
residents in each community.
Key Findings and Recommendations
Brewster’s older residents represent 40% of the community’s current population.
Although the total population of Brewster declined by 3% between 2000 and 2010, the
number of residents age 60 and older increased by 20% in that time frame. On the basis of
this growth, demand for programs and services that are offered by the Brewster Council
on Aging is greater today than ever before. Furthermore, demographic projections suggest
that the need for services will continue to increase in the future.
Sample survey results suggest that the typical Brewster senior wants to stay in Brewster
moving forward. One-fifth of senior respondents report having lived in Brewster for at
least 35 years; however, one-third have lived in the community for less than 15 years and
may have chosen Brewster as a retirement destination. Among respondents age 45-59,
36% have resided in Brewster for at least 25 years, suggesting that a sizable share of this
group either grew up in Brewster or came as young adults. Most Brewster respondents
are aging with sufficient finances, good health, and strong social support. However,
segments struggle financially or experience isolation or health concerns, and many more
residents worry that increasing cost of living, limited transportation options, access to
services, or significant health events will challenge their ability to age in place.
The Brewster Council on Aging performs essential “connecting” functions to promote
health and wellness in later life—connecting seniors to needed health care by offering
transportation services, connecting older residents to socialization opportunities at the
66
Senior Center and elsewhere, and connecting residents who have resource shortfalls to
services for which they are eligible. The Council on Aging, both through its own programs
and in cooperation with other Town departments, forms an essential safety net for aging
individuals and families who can benefit from additional supports.
A number of key issues were identified that represent concerns among older Brewster
residents. Worries about property taxes and other expenses, insufficient options for
downsizing, concerns about transportation, and concerns about accessing services are
issues for senior in Brewster.
Key issues for the Brewster Council on Aging were also identified in the study. It is
generally agreed that addressing the needs of vulnerable seniors through outreach and
other programs is a priority for the COA. Transportation, caregiving services, and health
and wellness programs are seen as priorities to the Brewster community. Yet interest in
expanded life-long learning programs and exercise programs, among other activities, may
be well received in Brewster.
The building currently housing the Brewster COA is viewed by survey respondents and
focus group participants as inadequate for community needs. Concerns were voiced about
the safety of the building, especially for participants with mobility limitations. The
building is not well configured for expanded programming, limiting the reach of the COA.
Although no consensus is evident in the community regarding what type of space would
be best, it is a shared goal that better space be made available to the COA in support of
both improving access to its current programs, and supporting expansion in programs and
services. Many survey respondents and focus group participants prefer the creation of a
community center, within which the Council on Aging could be housed.
To increase its effectiveness, the Brewster COA will need to identify and communicate its
mission more clearly; identify and secure the resources needed to increase its impact; and
take steps to ensure that residents, other Town offices, and nonprofits working in the
community know how to access COA programs. Currently, many residents are not aware
of the COA and its offerings. Lack of awareness limits the ability of the COA to increase its
impact within the Brewster community.
Based on our research, we offer the following recommendations for the Town and the
Brewster Council on Aging:
! Develop information to share with community members about home modifications
that can make their homes safer to live in as they age, and programs that may help
pay for modifications.
o Half of the community survey respondents report that they need
modifications.
o Many indicate they cannot afford them.
! Explore opportunities to promote downsizing options in Brewster.
o A large majority of older residents want to stay in Brewster.
o Limited housing alternatives and high costs are perceived as barriers to
aging in place.
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o Survey respondents are receptive to apartments, condos, Assisted Living
and Senior Independent Living arrangements, if a change in health required
a move.
! Work to close the COA information gap through clearer communication and
broader dissemination of information.
o Many Brewster residents lack adequate information about what the
Brewster COA does, and who can participate.
o Some residents think that membership in the Friends of Brewster Elders is
required to participate. This misconception may be linked to the many
jointly sponsored programs and the past practice of mailing the COA/FOBE
newsletter only to those who join FOBE.
o Survey respondents report that more information would increase their
likelihood of participating.
! Strengthen information dissemination about transportation options available in
Brewster.
o Many older residents do not drive or drive with modifications, such as
avoiding night driving and avoiding driving on the highway.
o COA and other transportation options are used at modest levels among
those who do not drive; they are rarely used by others, including those who
drive with restrictions.
o Expansion of transportation options may be needed moving forward.
! Prepare for growth in COA participation.
o The population of seniors is growing, especially in the age groups most
likely to use COA services and programs.
o Many seniors who do not currently use the COA indicate they are likely to do
so in the future.
! Create opportunities for expanded senior activities in Brewster.
o The Brewster COA currently prioritizes services, but exercise programs,
late-life learning programs, and socialization programs are valued and of
interest.
o Partnerships with the library and/or the recreation department may help
fill an activities gap for seniors.
! Expand caregiver support opportunities in Brewster.
o Caregiver support is a significant need in Brewster.
o Strong support for respite and adult day care is expressed by survey
respondents.
! Explore community interest in educational programs relating to retirement
planning.
o Many Brewster seniors work for pay or are self-employed. Large shares of
working seniors are uncertain if or when they will retire.
68
o One-third of Brewster seniors lack confidence about having adequate
resources to meet their financial needs in retirement.
o Affordable is the most frequently mentioned concern about aging in place in
Brewster.
! Develop short-term and long-term strategies to improve space available to the
Brewster COA.
o Some residents are fearful of participating in programs located in the
current building due to safety concerns, especially among those with
mobility limitations.
o Many concerns were expressed in the survey and focus groups about the
adequacy of COA space for current programming.
o Expanded programming, especially programming that involves exercise
programs or larger groups, may not be feasible in the current building.
o Survey respondents and focus group participants widely believe that more
suitable space would improve participation.
o Receptivity to a community center model, within which COA functions
would be housed, is evident.
! Consider embarking on a strategic planning process for the Brewster COA as a
means of addressing programming needs, communication strategies, and space
needs.
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References
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around the world. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 26, 1-18.
Fowler Jr., F. J. (2014). Survey research methods (5th ed.). Los Angeles, Sage.
Hoestetler, A.J. (2011). Senior centers in the era of the “Third Age”: Country clubs,
community centers, or something else? Journal of Aging Studies, 25, 166-176.
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centers-louisiana-aarp.pdf
Markwood, S. (2014). Is the senior center here to stay? Generations, 37(4), 75-76.
Nelson, B. M. & Guengerich, T. (2009). Going from good to great: A livable communities
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UMDI_LongTermPopulationProjectionsReport_SECTION_4.pdf
Royse, D., Thyer, B. A., & Padgett, D. K. (2010). Program evaluation: An introduction
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Appendix A: Reproduction of Survey
Town of Brewster Council on Aging
Community Survey
The Town of Brewster, through the Council on Aging, is soliciting feedback
from residents age 45 and older regarding the needs of older residents
and ways to improve programs and services to this population. Your
comments will be invaluable in identifying Brewster’s strengths, challenges
and possibilities as an age-friendly community looking forward.
You have been selected to be part of a random sample of residents to
participate in this survey. All of your responses will be kept confidential.
Please do not include your name or other identifying information on this
form. If you need assistance completing this questionnaire or have
questions, please leave a message at 617-287-7413 and we will return
your call. If you prefer to respond online, please go to our secure site at:
www.surveymonkey.com/r/Brewster_Senior. This survey should take
approximately 15 minutes to complete. We thank you in advance for
your participation.
Please Return
Your Survey by
NOV. 30, 2015
SECTION I: Community & Neighborhood
1. How long have you lived in the Town of Brewster?
2. How important is it to you to remain living in the Town of Brewster, as you get older?
m
Very
Important
m
Somewhat
Important
m
Slightly
Important
m
Not at All
Important
m
Very Well
Informed
m
Somewhat
Informed
m
Not Well
Informed
m
Not at All
Informed
m Fewer than 5 years m 25-34 years
m 5-14 years m 35-44 years
m 15-24 years m 45 years or longer
3. How informed are you about what to do in the event of a weather or other local emergency?
4. What are your greatest concerns about your ability to continue living in the Town of Brewster
as you get older?
9. Does your current residence have a bedroom and full bath on the first floor?
m Yes m No
10. What home modifications does your current residence need to make it safer to live in over
the next five years? (e.g., ramps, stair railings, grab bars, handicap accessible bath, etc.)
11. Referring to the modifications listed in question 10, are you able to afford to make
the modifications your home needs?
m Yes m No m No modifications are needed
SECTION II: Housing & Living Situation
6. Which of the following best describes your current place of residence?
8. With whom do you live? (Check all that apply)
m Single family home m Senior Housing
m Multi-family home (2, 3, or more units)m Assisted Living Facility
m Add-on apartment to an existing home m Other (Please specify) _____________________
___________________________________________ m Apartment building or condominium
m I own m I rent (Subsidized)
m I rent (Market rate)m Other (Please specify) ____________________
___________________________________________
7. Do you rent or own your current place of residence?
12. In the next 5 years, if a change in your health or physical ability required that you move
from your current residence, what kind of housing would you prefer? (Check all that apply)
m Single family home m Senior Independent Living Facility
m Multi-family home (2, 3, or more units)m Assisted Living Facility
m Add-on apartment to an existing home m Other (Please specify) _____________________
___________________________________________ m Apartment building or condominium
SECTION III: Social Activities & Relationships
13. How would you rate your overall emotional well-being?
m Excellent m Good m Fair m Poor
15. Do you have any family members living within 30 minutes of your home on
whom you can rely for help when you need it?
m Yes m No
16. Which activities do you currently enjoy doing? (Check all that apply)
m Rarely m 1-2 times a week
m Once a month m Several times a week
m 2-3 times a month m Every day
m Volunteering m Active outdoor activities (e.g., walking,
cycling, gardening)
m Active indoor activities (e.g., exercise)m Social activities (e.g., spending time with
family and friends)
m Individual/solitary activities (e.g., reading)m Arts & crafts (e.g., painting, knitting)
m Travel or outings (e.g., day-trips)m Food (e.g., cooking, dining out, nutrition)
m Education (e.g., lectures, adult education,
Life Long Learning Institute)
m Intergenerational programs
m Cultural events (e.g., concerts, plays, museums)m Faith-based activities
m Media (e.g., film, television)m Other (Please specify) ____________________
_______________________________________
14. How often do you talk on the phone, communicate by email or social media,
or get together with family, friends, relatives or neighbors?
m I live alone m Someone else
(including housemates or caretakers)
m A spouse/partner m My child(ren) (under age 18)
m My adult child(ren) (age 18 or older)m My grandchildren
m My parent(s)m Another relative
5. An “age-friendly” community seeks to optimize quality of life for
residents as they age. Based on your experience, how age-friendly
is Brewster with respect to the following? For each item, please
rate from AGE-FRIENDLY (1) to NOT AGE-FRIENDLY (5).
Age-friendly Not age-friendly
1 2 3 4 5
Older residents are treated respectfully
Older residents can safely access beaches and green space
Older residents have access to learning opportunities
Local policy makers take into account the interests and concerns
of older residents
Older residents have adequate access to medical services
Older residents have a voice in Town decision-making
m
Daily
m
Weekly
m
Once a month
m
Less than Once
a Month
m
Never
17. How frequently do you use the internet to access email, social media, or other websites?
SECTION IV: Your Health
18. How would you rate your overall physical health?
m Excellent m Good m Fair m Poor
9. Does your current residence have a bedroom and full bath on the first floor?
m Yes m No
10. What home modifications does your current residence need to make it safer to live in over
the next five years? (e.g., ramps, stair railings, grab bars, handicap accessible bath, etc.)
11. Referring to the modifications listed in question 10, are you able to afford to make
the modifications your home needs?
m Yes m No m No modifications are needed
SECTION II: Housing & Living Situation
6. Which of the following best describes your current place of residence?
8. With whom do you live? (Check all that apply)
m Single family home m Senior Housing
m Multi-family home (2, 3, or more units)m Assisted Living Facility
m Add-on apartment to an existing home m Other (Please specify) _____________________
___________________________________________ m Apartment building or condominium
m I own m I rent (Subsidized)
m I rent (Market rate)m Other (Please specify) ____________________
___________________________________________
7. Do you rent or own your current place of residence?
12. In the next 5 years, if a change in your health or physical ability required that you move
from your current residence, what kind of housing would you prefer? (Check all that apply)
m Single family home m Senior Independent Living Facility
m Multi-family home (2, 3, or more units)m Assisted Living Facility
m Add-on apartment to an existing home m Other (Please specify) _____________________
___________________________________________ m Apartment building or condominium
SECTION III: Social Activities & Relationships
13. How would you rate your overall emotional well-being?
m Excellent m Good m Fair m Poor
15. Do you have any family members living within 30 minutes of your home on
whom you can rely for help when you need it?
m Yes m No
16. Which activities do you currently enjoy doing? (Check all that apply)
m Rarely m 1-2 times a week
m Once a month m Several times a week
m 2-3 times a month m Every day
m Volunteering m Active outdoor activities (e.g., walking,
cycling, gardening)
m Active indoor activities (e.g., exercise)m Social activities (e.g., spending time with
family and friends)
m Individual/solitary activities (e.g., reading)m Arts & crafts (e.g., painting, knitting)
m Travel or outings (e.g., day-trips)m Food (e.g., cooking, dining out, nutrition)
m Education (e.g., lectures, adult education,
Life Long Learning Institute)
m Intergenerational programs
m Cultural events (e.g., concerts, plays, museums)m Faith-based activities
m Media (e.g., film, television)m Other (Please specify) ____________________
_______________________________________
14. How often do you talk on the phone, communicate by email or social media,
or get together with family, friends, relatives or neighbors?
m I live alone m Someone else
(including housemates or caretakers)
m A spouse/partner m My child(ren) (under age 18)
m My adult child(ren) (age 18 or older)m My grandchildren
m My parent(s)m Another relative
5. An “age-friendly” community seeks to optimize quality of life for
residents as they age. Based on your experience, how age-friendly
is Brewster with respect to the following? For each item, please
rate from AGE-FRIENDLY (1) to NOT AGE-FRIENDLY (5).
Age-friendly Not age-friendly
1 2 3 4 5
Older residents are treated respectfully
Older residents can safely access beaches and green space
Older residents have access to learning opportunities
Local policy makers take into account the interests and concerns
of older residents
Older residents have adequate access to medical services
Older residents have a voice in Town decision-making
m
Daily
m
Weekly
m
Once a month
m
Less than Once
a Month
m
Never
17. How frequently do you use the internet to access email, social media, or other websites?
SECTION IV: Your Health
18. How would you rate your overall physical health?
m Excellent m Good m Fair m Poor
SECTION VI: Transportation
25. How do you meet your transportation needs? (Check all that apply)
SECTION VII: Current & Future Retirement Plans
29. What is your employment status? (Check all that apply)
28. Which of the following strategies do you use to modify your driving to make it easier or safer?
(Check all that apply)
SECTION V: Caregiving
22. Do you now or have you in the past 5 years provided care or assistance to a person
who is disabled or frail? (e.g., a spouse, parent, relative, or friend)
m Yes (Continue to question 23) m No (Skip to question 24)
23. How challenging is/was it for you to care for this person(s) and meet
your other responsibilities with family and/or work?
24. A caregiver respite program offers a break for the caregiver by providing companion services
to the care recipient, personal or home health services, or caregiver support groups. If it were
available, would a caregiver respite program or support group be helpful to you and your family?
m Yes m No
m N/A: I don’t require any help m A family member helps me
m I have no one to assist me when I need help m A friend or neighbor helps me
m I pay someone to help me m Someone else helps me (Please specify)
___________________________________________
21. Referring to the activities in questions 19 and 20 for which you answered “Yes”:
Who helps you with these activities? (Check all that apply)
m I drive myself m Public transportation (Flex Bus)
m My spouse or child(ren) drive(s) me m Taxi
m Friends or neighbors drive me m Bicycle
m DART Dial-A-Ride service through CCRTA m Walking
m Volunteer medical transportation through the COA
m Transportation provided by the Council on Aging (“B-Bus”)
m Other (Please specify)___________________________________________________________________
m Not applicable — I do not drive m I avoid driving in bad weather
m I do not modify my driving at all m I avoid highway driving
m I avoid driving at night m I avoid driving far distances
m I avoid making left hand turns m I avoid driving in unfamiliar areas
m Other (Please specify)___________________________________________________________________
m
Very
Challenging
m
Somewhat
Challenging
m
Neither Challenging
Nor Easy
m
Somewhat
Easy
m
Very
Easy
27. Within the past 12 months, did you have to miss, cancel, or reschedule a medical
appointment because of a lack of transportation?
m Yes m No
m Working full-time m Working part-time m Retired
m Other (Please specify) __________________________________________________________________
30. When do you plan to fully retire?
m N/A, I am already fully retired m In more than 10 years
m Within the next 3 years m Not sure
m In 3 to 5 years m I do not anticipate ever fully retiring
m In 6 to 10 years
31. Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statement:
“During my retirement, I expect to have adequate resources to meet my financial needs,
including home maintenance, real estate taxes, healthcare, and other expenses.”
m
Strongly
Agree
m
Agree
m
Neither Agree or
Disagree
m
Disagree
m
Strongly
Disagree
26. How satisfied are you with the transportation options available to you in Brewster?
m
Completely
Satisfied
m
Very
Satisfied
m
Somewhat
Satisfied
m
Slightly
Satisfied
m
Not at All
Satisfied20. Due to a health issue, do you require help with daily activities (e.g., using the telephone,
preparing meals, taking medications, or keeping track of bills) or with personal care activities?
(e.g., taking a bath or shower, or getting dressed)
m Yes m No
19. Due to a health issue, do you require help with activities around the house?
(e.g., doing routine chores like cleaning or yard work)
m Yes m No
SECTION VI: Transportation
25. How do you meet your transportation needs? (Check all that apply)
SECTION VII: Current & Future Retirement Plans
29. What is your employment status? (Check all that apply)
28. Which of the following strategies do you use to modify your driving to make it easier or safer?
(Check all that apply)
SECTION V: Caregiving
22. Do you now or have you in the past 5 years provided care or assistance to a person
who is disabled or frail? (e.g., a spouse, parent, relative, or friend)
m Yes (Continue to question 23) m No (Skip to question 24)
23. How challenging is/was it for you to care for this person(s) and meet
your other responsibilities with family and/or work?
24. A caregiver respite program offers a break for the caregiver by providing companion services
to the care recipient, personal or home health services, or caregiver support groups. If it were
available, would a caregiver respite program or support group be helpful to you and your family?
m Yes m No
m N/A: I don’t require any help m A family member helps me
m I have no one to assist me when I need help m A friend or neighbor helps me
m I pay someone to help me m Someone else helps me (Please specify)
___________________________________________
21. Referring to the activities in questions 19 and 20 for which you answered “Yes”:
Who helps you with these activities? (Check all that apply)
m I drive myself m Public transportation (Flex Bus)
m My spouse or child(ren) drive(s) me m Taxi
m Friends or neighbors drive me m Bicycle
m DART Dial-A-Ride service through CCRTA m Walking
m Volunteer medical transportation through the COA
m Transportation provided by the Council on Aging (“B-Bus”)
m Other (Please specify)___________________________________________________________________
m Not applicable — I do not drive m I avoid driving in bad weather
m I do not modify my driving at all m I avoid highway driving
m I avoid driving at night m I avoid driving far distances
m I avoid making left hand turns m I avoid driving in unfamiliar areas
m Other (Please specify)___________________________________________________________________
m
Very
Challenging
m
Somewhat
Challenging
m
Neither Challenging
Nor Easy
m
Somewhat
Easy
m
Very
Easy
27. Within the past 12 months, did you have to miss, cancel, or reschedule a medical
appointment because of a lack of transportation?
m Yes m No
m Working full-time m Working part-time m Retired
m Other (Please specify) __________________________________________________________________
30. When do you plan to fully retire?
m N/A, I am already fully retired m In more than 10 years
m Within the next 3 years m Not sure
m In 3 to 5 years m I do not anticipate ever fully retiring
m In 6 to 10 years
31. Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statement:
“During my retirement, I expect to have adequate resources to meet my financial needs,
including home maintenance, real estate taxes, healthcare, and other expenses.”
m
Strongly
Agree
m
Agree
m
Neither Agree or
Disagree
m
Disagree
m
Strongly
Disagree
26. How satisfied are you with the transportation options available to you in Brewster?
m
Completely
Satisfied
m
Very
Satisfied
m
Somewhat
Satisfied
m
Slightly
Satisfied
m
Not at All
Satisfied20. Due to a health issue, do you require help with daily activities (e.g., using the telephone,
preparing meals, taking medications, or keeping track of bills) or with personal care activities?
(e.g., taking a bath or shower, or getting dressed)
m Yes m No
19. Due to a health issue, do you require help with activities around the house?
(e.g., doing routine chores like cleaning or yard work)
m Yes m No
SECTION VIII: Programs & Services at the Council on Aging
32. The following items refer to specific programs and services that are currently offered through
the Brewster Council on Aging or may be offered in the future. In your opinion, how do these
programs rate in terms of their priority to the Brewster community? For each item,
please rate from LOW priority (1) to HIGH priority (5).
34. Do you currently use programs or services offered by the Town of Brewster Council on Aging?
m No (Continue to question 35) m Yes (Skip to question 36)
35. What is the reason that you do not currently use programs or services
offered by the Town of Brewster Council on Aging? (Check all that apply)
36. Thinking about the activities and services
offered by the Brewster COA, please rate
your preference for each arrangement:
37. Many towns offer a Social Adult Day Care program through their Council on Aging. Social
Adult Day Care provides fee-based daytime supervision and care for adults, often seniors
with dementia, in a small group setting. These programs are frequently helpful in providing
a break for caregivers. To what degree do you favor or oppose offering a Social Adult Day
Care program in Brewster?
m
Strongly
Favor
m
Favor
m
Neither Favor
Nor Oppose
m
Oppose
m
Strongly
Oppose
Low Priority High Priority
1 2 3 4 5
Adult day programs
Assistance with local or state programs (e.g., financial, fuel)
Caregiving services and support
Educational and life-long learning opportunities
Evening dinner dances/social functions
Fitness activities (e.g., dance, exercise, yoga, weights)
Food distribution and trips to food pantries
Grandparent raising grandchildren support group
Health and wellness programs(e.g. flu shot clinics)
Health insurance counseling (e.g. S.H.I.N.E.)
Home and personal safety (e.g., File of Life, Safety Assessment)
Information, referral & outreach
Intergenerational programs
LGBTQ programming
Medical equipment loan & beach access wheelchair
Mental health counseling and support
Lunch at the COA and Meals on Wheels
Outdoor exercise activities
Part-time employment placement
Professional services (e.g., tax, legal, & financial)
Shared interest groups (e.g., music, art, hobbies)
Social activities
Support groups (please specify type________________________________)
Technology training (e.g. computer help)
Transportation (B-bus, volunteer drivers, medical van)
Trips and outings
Volunteer opportunities
Not at All
Preferred
1 2 3 4
Highly
Preferred
5
All COA services and activities being located
in a single building
COA services and activities being held at various
dedicated locations throughout Brewster
COA services and activities located in space
shared with other groups and organizations
Intergenerational activities co-sponsored by the
COA and other groups
33. What other programs or services not currently offered through the Town of Brewster Council
on Aging would you like to see available?
38. Below, please check all factors that would increase the likelihood of your using the
Brewster COA programs and services more often: (Check all that apply)
I would be more likely to use Brewster COA programs and services…
m If transportation options to the Senior Center were more convenient
m If I had more knowledge about the programs and services that are available
m If the hours of the Senior Center were more convenient
m If the programs were offered in a single level building
m If it were easier to enter the Senior Center building (e.g., more accessible parking)
m If there were handicapped accessible bathrooms on all floors of the Senior Center building
m If there were more people like myself at Senior Center events
m If there were other improvements to the services and programs (Please specify)
________________________________________________________________________________________
m If there were other improvements to the Senior Center building (Please specify)
________________________________________________________________________________________
m I am not interested m I do not identify with the word “senior”
m I am not old enough m Other (Please specify)_____________________
SECTION VIII: Programs & Services at the Council on Aging
32. The following items refer to specific programs and services that are currently offered through
the Brewster Council on Aging or may be offered in the future. In your opinion, how do these
programs rate in terms of their priority to the Brewster community? For each item,
please rate from LOW priority (1) to HIGH priority (5).
34. Do you currently use programs or services offered by the Town of Brewster Council on Aging?
m No (Continue to question 35) m Yes (Skip to question 36)
35. What is the reason that you do not currently use programs or services
offered by the Town of Brewster Council on Aging? (Check all that apply)
36. Thinking about the activities and services
offered by the Brewster COA, please rate
your preference for each arrangement:
37. Many towns offer a Social Adult Day Care program through their Council on Aging. Social
Adult Day Care provides fee-based daytime supervision and care for adults, often seniors
with dementia, in a small group setting. These programs are frequently helpful in providing
a break for caregivers. To what degree do you favor or oppose offering a Social Adult Day
Care program in Brewster?
m
Strongly
Favor
m
Favor
m
Neither Favor
Nor Oppose
m
Oppose
m
Strongly
Oppose
Low Priority High Priority
1 2 3 4 5
Adult day programs
Assistance with local or state programs (e.g., financial, fuel)
Caregiving services and support
Educational and life-long learning opportunities
Evening dinner dances/social functions
Fitness activities (e.g., dance, exercise, yoga, weights)
Food distribution and trips to food pantries
Grandparent raising grandchildren support group
Health and wellness programs(e.g. flu shot clinics)
Health insurance counseling (e.g. S.H.I.N.E.)
Home and personal safety (e.g., File of Life, Safety Assessment)
Information, referral & outreach
Intergenerational programs
LGBTQ programming
Medical equipment loan & beach access wheelchair
Mental health counseling and support
Lunch at the COA and Meals on Wheels
Outdoor exercise activities
Part-time employment placement
Professional services (e.g., tax, legal, & financial)
Shared interest groups (e.g., music, art, hobbies)
Social activities
Support groups (please specify type________________________________)
Technology training (e.g. computer help)
Transportation (B-bus, volunteer drivers, medical van)
Trips and outings
Volunteer opportunities
Not at All
Preferred
1 2 3 4
Highly
Preferred
5
All COA services and activities being located
in a single building
COA services and activities being held at various
dedicated locations throughout Brewster
COA services and activities located in space
shared with other groups and organizations
Intergenerational activities co-sponsored by the
COA and other groups
33. What other programs or services not currently offered through the Town of Brewster Council
on Aging would you like to see available?
38. Below, please check all factors that would increase the likelihood of your using the
Brewster COA programs and services more often: (Check all that apply)
I would be more likely to use Brewster COA programs and services…
m If transportation options to the Senior Center were more convenient
m If I had more knowledge about the programs and services that are available
m If the hours of the Senior Center were more convenient
m If the programs were offered in a single level building
m If it were easier to enter the Senior Center building (e.g., more accessible parking)
m If there were handicapped accessible bathrooms on all floors of the Senior Center building
m If there were more people like myself at Senior Center events
m If there were other improvements to the services and programs (Please specify)
________________________________________________________________________________________
m If there were other improvements to the Senior Center building (Please specify)
________________________________________________________________________________________
m I am not interested m I do not identify with the word “senior”
m I am not old enough m Other (Please specify)_____________________
41. In the future, how likely are you to participate in programs and services offered by the
Brewster Council on Aging?
m
Very
Likely
m
Somewhat
Likely
m
Unsure
m
Somewhat
Unlikely
m
Very
Unlikely
42. How satisfied are you with the programs and services offered through the Brewster
Council on Aging?
m
Completely
Satisfied
m
Very
Satisfied
m
Somewhat
Satisfied
m
Slightly
Satisfied
m
Not at All
Satisfied
43. Where would you prefer to find information about the activities and services offered
by the Brewster Council on Aging? (Check all that apply)
m COA newsletter (Bayside Chatter)m Local community newspapers
(Cape Codder, Cape Cod Times)
m Cable TV (Channel 18)m Facebook (or other social media sites)
m Radio m Town of Brewster website (http://brewster-ma.gov/)
m Other (please specify):__________________________________________________________________
SECTION IX: Demographic Information
44. Please select your gender. m Male m Female
45. What is your age range?
m 45 to 59 m 60 to 69 m 70 to 79 m 80 to 89 m 90+
46. Do you live in the Town of Brewster year-round? m Yes m No
39. Have you ever traveled to senior centers in other towns to participate in their programs?
m Yes m No
40. If “Yes” on Question 39, which town(s) have you traveled to for programs?___________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
47. Was there any time in the past 12 months when you did not have money for the
following necessities? (Check all that apply)
m N/A, I did not lack money m Pay utility bills (e.g., oil or electricity)
m Pay rent, mortgage, real estate taxes m Buy food
m Pay for medical needs (e.g., prescriptions) m Other (Please specify) _____________________
___________________________________________m Pay for car repairs or home repairs
48. If you have any other thoughts or comments about the Town of Brewster Council on Aging,
or about current or future needs of older residents in Brewster, please include them here:
Thank you for taking the time to participate. If you have any questions or concerns
regarding this survey, please contact: Jan E. Mutchler, PhD, University of Massachusetts Boston
Phone: 617-287-7321 Email: Jan.Mutchler@umb.edu
Appendix B: Complete Survey Results
Section I: Community & Neighborhood
Q1. How long have you lived in the Town of Brewster?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Fewer than 5 years 10% 10% 10% 11% 6%
5 to 14 years 22% 19% 23% 27% 8%
15 to 24 years 30% 35% 30% 26% 42%
25 to 34 years 18% 24% 17% 15% 25%
35 to 44 years 12% 7% 12% 13% 10%
45 years or longer 8% 5% 8% 8% 9%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
Q2. How important is it to you to remain living in the Town of Brewster, as you get
older?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Very Important 62% 48% 65% 63% 70%
Somewhat Important 29% 35% 28% 29% 24%
Slightly Important 5% 10% 4% 5% 2%
Not at All Important 4% 7% 3% 3% 4%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
80
Q3. How informed are you about what to do in the event of a weather or other local
emergency?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Very well informed 48% 44% 49% 51% 43%
Somewhat informed 42% 43% 41% 39% 50%
Not well informed 9% 12% 9% 9% 6%
Not at all informed 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
Q4. What are your greatest concerns about your ability to continue living in the Town
of Brewster as you get older?
See text for summary of write-in responses.
81
Q5. An “age-friendly” community seeks to optimize quality of life for residents as
they age. Based on your experience, how age-friendly is Brewster with respect to the
following? For each item, please rate from AGE-FRIENDLY (1) to NOT AGE-FRIENDLY
(5).
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Older residents are treated respectfully
Age-friendly (1) 60% 53% 62% 59% 69%
(2) 27% 26% 27% 28% 23%
(3) 9% 15% 8% 10% 3%
(4) 2% 4% 2% 2% 3%
Not age-friendly (5) 2% 2% 1% 1% 2%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Older residents can safely access beaches and green space
Age-friendly (1) 28% 24% 29% 27% 37%
(2) 33% 29% 34% 35% 27%
(3) 23% 31% 21% 22% 19%
(4) 11% 9% 12% 13% 8%
Not age-friendly (5) 5% 7% 4% 3% 9%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Older residents have access to learning opportunities
Age-friendly (1) 37% 34% 37% 36% 44%
(2) 34% 34% 35% 33% 39%
(3) 20% 24% 20% 23% 9%
(4) 7% 4% 7% 7% 6%
Not age-friendly (5) 2% 4% 1% 1% 2%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
82
Q5. Continued
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Local policy makers take into account the interests and concerns of older
residents
Age-friendly (1) 26% 29% 25% 23% 34%
(2) 32% 29% 33% 34% 29%
(3) 25% 25% 25% 25% 24%
(4) 11% 8% 11% 12% 8%
Not age-friendly (5) 6% 9% 6% 6% 5%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Older residents have adequate access to medical services
Age-friendly (1) 38% 32% 39% 34% 59%
(2) 35% 35% 36% 37% 28%
(3) 19% 23% 18% 21% 8%
(4) 6% 6% 5% 6% 4%
Not age-friendly (5) 2% 4% 2% 2% 1%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Older residents have a voice in Town decision-making
Age-friendly (1) 38% 41% 38% 37% 40%
(2) 31% 29% 32% 33% 29%
(3) 18% 18% 17% 18% 16%
(4) 7% 6% 7% 6% 11%
Not age-friendly (5) 6% 6% 6% 6% 4%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
83
Section II: Housing & Living Situation
Q6. Which of the following best describes your current place of residence?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Single family home 90% 93% 90% 92% 81%
Multi-family home (2,
3, or more units)
1% 1% <1% <1% 1%
Add-on apartment to
an existing home
1% 1% <1% <1% 1%
Apartment building or
condominium
6% 5% 6% 5% 10%
Senior Housing 1% 0% 2% 2% 2%
Assisted Living Facility 1% 0% 1% 0% 4%
Other 0% 0% <1% <1% 1%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
Q7. Do you rent or own your current place of residence?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
I own 93% 90% 94% 95% 91%
I rent (Market rate) 3% 5% 2% 2% 3%
I rent (Subsidized) 2% 0% 2% 2% 3%
Other 2% 5% 2% 1% 3%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
84
Q8. With whom do you live? (Check all that apply)*
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
I live alone 24% 17% 26% 22% 41%
A spouse/partner 71% 73% 70% 76% 52%
My adult child(ren) (age
18 or older)
7% 20% 4% 4% 4%
Another relative 1% 0% 1% 1% 2%
Someone else
(including house-mates
or caretakers)
1% 2% 1% 1% 1%
My child(ren) (under
age 18)
3% 17% <1% 1% 0%
My grandchildren 1% 1% 1% 1% 0%
My parent(s) 1% 6% 1% 1% 0%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category
Note: Respondents could choose all that apply; therefore, columns do not add to 100%.
Q9. Does your current residence have a bedroom and full bath on the first floor?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Yes 86% 82% 86% 86% 88%
No 14% 18% 14% 14% 12%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
Q10. What home modifications does your current residence need to make it safer to
live in over the next five years? (e.g., ramps, stair railings, grab bars, handicap
accessible bath, etc.)
See text for summary of write-in responses.
85
Q11. Referring to home modifications listed in Q10, are you able to afford to make
the modifications your home needs?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Yes 41% 29% 44% 42% 49%
No 12% 19% 10% 10% 12%
No modifications are
needed
47% 52% 46% 48% 39%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
Q12. In the next 5 years, if a change in your health or physical ability required that
you move from your current residence, what kind of housing would you prefer?
(Check all that apply)*
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Single family home 30% 51% 26% 30% 10%
Multi-family home (2,
3, or more units)
4% 4% 4% 4% 3%
Add-on apartment to
an existing home
8% 10% 8% 8% 7%
Apartment building or
condominium
26% 24% 27% 29% 17%
Senior Independent
Living Facility
35% 19% 38% 39% 37%
Assisted Living Facility 19% 7% 21% 16% 40%
Other 10% 9% 10% 10% 9%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category
Note: Respondents could choose all that apply; therefore, columns do not add to 100%.
86
Section III: Social Activities & Relationships
Q13. How would you rate your overall emotional well-being?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Excellent 59% 58% 59% 65% 41%
Good 37% 34% 38% 33% 55%
Fair 4% 7% 3% 2% 4%
Poor 0% 1% 0% 0% 0%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
Q14. How often do you talk on the phone, communicate by email or social media, or
get together with family, friends, relatives, or neighbors?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Rarely 1% 2% 1% 1% 2%
Once a month 1% 1% 1% 1% 2%
2-3 times a month 3% 3% 3% 3% 4%
1-2 times a week 11% 7% 12% 11% 15%
Several times a week 27% 19% 28% 27% 31%
Every day 57% 68% 55% 57% 46%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
Q15. Do you have any family members living within 30 minutes of your home on
whom you can rely for help when you need it?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Yes 48% 57% 46% 46% 46%
No 52% 43% 54% 54% 54%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
87
Q16. Which activities do you currently enjoy doing? (Check all that apply)*
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Volunteering 43% 40% 44% 47% 34%
Active indoor activities
(e.g., exercise)
49% 54% 48% 51% 36%
Individual/solitary
activities (e.g., reading)
76% 73% 77% 77% 78%
Travel or outings (e.g.,
day-trips)
62% 63% 62% 69% 40%
Education (e.g.,
lectures, adult
education, Life Long
Learning Institute)
35% 30% 35% 38% 26%
Cultural events (e.g.,
concerts, plays,
museums)
65% 65% 65% 68% 53%
Media (e.g., film,
television)
77% 75% 77% 78% 74%
Active outdoor
activities (e.g., walking,
cycling, gardening)
81% 92% 79% 86% 57%
Social activities (e.g.,
spending time with
family and friends)
80% 79% 81% 83% 74%
Arts & crafts (e.g.,
painting, knitting)
34% 38% 33% 35% 29%
Food (e.g., cooking,
dining out, nutrition)
72% 81% 71% 73% 61%
Intergenerational
programs
13% 17% 13% 14% 8%
Faith-based activities 26% 29% 25% 24% 30%
Other 14% 13% 15% 15% 13%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category
Note: Respondents could choose all that apply; therefore, columns do not add to 100%.
88
Q17. How frequently do you use the internet to access email, social media, or other
websites?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Daily 82% 90% 80% 86% 58%
Weekly 6% 4% 7% 6% 12%
Once a month 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
Less than once a month 2% 0% 2% 2% 1%
Never 9% 5% 10% 5% 28%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
Section IV: Your Health
Q18. How would you rate your overall physical health?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Excellent 39% 50% 37% 44% 16%
Good 51% 42% 53% 49% 66%
Fair 9% 7% 9% 6% 18%
Poor 1% 1% 1% 1% 0%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
89
Q19. Due to a health issue, do you require help with activities around the house (e.g.,
doing routine chores like cleaning or yard work)?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Yes 20% 8% 22% 14% 49%
No 80% 92% 78% 86% 51%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
Q20. Due to a health issue, do you require help with daily activities (e.g., using the
telephone, preparing meals, taking medications, or keeping track of bills) or with
personal care activities (e.g., taking a bath or shower, or getting dressed)?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Yes 3% 2% 3% 1% 8%
No 97% 98% 97% 99% 92%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
Q21.Referring to the activities in question 19 and 20 for which you answered “Yes”:
Who helps you with these activities? (Check all that apply)
Tabulated for those indicating they need help
All Ages*
I have no one to assist me
when I need help
2%
I pay someone to help me 68%
A family member helps me 51%
A friend or neighbor helps me 18%
Someone else helps me 10%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category
Note: Respondents could choose all that apply; therefore, columns do not add to 100%.
90
Section V: Caregiving
Q22. Do you now or have you in the past 5 years provided care or assistance to a
person who is disabled or frail (e.g., a spouse, parent, relative, or friend)?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Yes 49% 61% 47% 49% 40%
No 51% 39% 53% 51% 60%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
Q23. If Yes on question 22: How challenging is/was it for you to care for this person(s)
and meet your other responsibilities with family and/or work?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Very Challenging 23% 35% 19% 20% 14%
Somewhat Challenging 41% 38% 43% 44% 37%
Neither Challenging
Nor Easy
24% 22% 24% 22% 37%
Somewhat Easy 6% 2% 8% 8% 7%
Very Easy 6% 3% 6% 6% 5%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
91
Q24. A caregiver respite program offers a break for the caregiver by providing
companion services to the care recipient, personal or home health services, or
caregiver support groups. If it were available, would a caregiver respite program or
support group be helpful to you and your family?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Yes 49% 59% 48% 49% 43%
No 51% 41% 52% 51% 57%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
Tabulated just for those who have had caregiving responsibilities:
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Yes 58% 66% 56% 57% 48%
No 42% 34% 44% 43% 52%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
92
Section VI: Transportation
Q25. How do you meet your transportation needs? (Check all that apply)*
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
I drive myself 95% 98% 95% 98% 84%
My spouse or child(ren) 25% 17% 27% 24% 37%
Friends or neighbors 8% 5% 9% 7% 16%
DART Dial-A-Ride
service through CCRTA
2% 1% 2% 1% 4%
Volunteer medical
transportation through
the COA
3% 1% 3% 2% 8%
Transportation
provided
by the Council on Aging
(“B-Bus”)
2% 1% 3% 1% 8%
Public transportation
(Flex Bus)
4% 5% 3% 3% 5%
Taxi 1% 0% 1% 1% 2%
Bicycle 11% 19% 10% 12% 1%
Walking 25% 25% 25% 29% 14%
Other 2% 1% 2% 1% 7%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category
Note: Respondents could choose all that apply; therefore, columns do not add to 100%.
93
Q26. How satisfied are you with the transportation options available to you in
Brewster?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Completely Satisfied 16% 11% 17% 17% 16%
Very Satisfied 27% 22% 28% 26% 35%
Somewhat Satisfied 36% 39% 35% 36% 32%
Slightly Satisfied 14% 16% 14% 14% 13%
Not at All Satisfied 7% 12% 6% 7% 4%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
Q27. Within the past 12 months, did you have to miss, cancel, or reschedule a
medical appointment because of a lack of transportation?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Yes 2% 3% 2% 1% 4%
No 98% 97% 98% 99% 96%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category
94
Q28. Which of the following strategies do you use to modify your driving to make it
easier or safer? (Check all that apply)*
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Not applicable— I do
not drive
5% 3% 5% 2% 13%
I do not modify my
driving at all
52% 61% 50% 58% 23%
I avoid driving at night 26% 17% 28% 22% 50%
I avoid making left hand
turns
7% 8% 7% 7% 7%
I avoid driving in bad
weather
28% 19% 30% 26% 47%
I avoid highway driving 4% 1% 4% 3% 10%
I avoid driving far
distances
12% 4% 14% 8% 33%
I avoid driving in
unfamiliar areas
6% 3% 7% 4% 15%
Other
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category
Note: Respondents could choose all that apply; therefore, columns do not add to 100%.
Section VII: Current & Future Retirement Plans
Q29. What is your employment status? (Check all that apply)
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Working full-time 21% 68% 11% 14% 1%
Working part-time 14% 16% 14% 16% 6%
Retired 60% 9% 71% 66% 90%
Other 5% 7% 4% 4% 3%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
95
Q30. When do you plan to fully retire?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
N/A, I am already fully
retired
60% 10% 70% 65% 90%
Within the next 3 years 6% 1% 7% 8% 2%
In 3 to 5 years 7% 10% 6% 8% 2%
In 6 to 10 years 5% 17% 3% 3% 0%
In more than 10 years 5% 29% 1% 1% 0%
Not sure 8% 15% 6% 7% 2%
I do not anticipate ever
fully retiring
9% 18% 7% 8% 4%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
Q31. Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statement: “During
my retirement, I expect to have adequate resources to meet my financial needs,
including home maintenance, real estate taxes, healthcare, and other expenses.”
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Strongly Agree 23% 13% 25% 27% 20%
Agree 38% 29% 40% 39% 45%
Neither Agree Nor
Disagree
24% 33% 22% 20% 25%
Disagree 10% 15% 9% 10% 6%
Strongly Disagree 5% 10% 4% 4% 4%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
96
Section VIII: Programs & Services at the Council on Aging
Q32. The following items refer to specific programs and services that are currently
offered through the Brewster Council on Aging or may be offered in the future. In
your opinion, how do these programs rate in terms of their priority to the Brewster
community? For each item, please rate from LOW priority (1) to HIGH priority (5).
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Adult day programs
Low Priority (1) 8% 7% 8% 7% 12%
(2) 5% 4% 5% 5% 5%
(3) 22% 16% 22% 23% 22%
(4) 31% 34% 31% 31% 28%
High Priority (5) 34% 39% 34% 34% 33%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Assistance with local or state programs (e.g., financial, fuel)
Low Priority (1) 9% 5% 10% 9% 16%
(2) 5% 5% 5% 5% 3%
(3) 16% 13% 17% 15% 23%
(4) 29% 22% 30% 31% 28%
High Priority (5) 41% 55% 38% 40% 30%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Caregiving services and supports
Low Priority (1) 6% 5% 6% 6% 10%
(2) 5% 4% 5% 5% 7%
(3) 17% 14% 17% 16% 20%
(4) 30% 31% 30% 30% 30%
High Priority (5) 42% 46% 42% 43% 33%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
97
Q32. (cont.)
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Educational and life-long learning opportunities
Low Priority (1) 9% 7% 9% 7% 18%
(2) 11% 12% 10% 11% 10%
(3) 29% 27% 29% 28% 35%
(4) 27% 30% 27% 28% 19%
High Priority (5) 24% 24% 25% 26% 18%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Evening dinner dances/social functions
Low Priority (1) 20% 12% 22% 19% 36%
(2) 21% 16% 22% 22% 21%
(3) 36% 43% 34% 35% 30%
(4) 15% 18% 14% 16% 7%
High Priority (5) 8% 11% 8% 8% 6%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Fitness activities (e.g., dance, exercise, yoga, weights)
Low Priority (1) 7% 3% 8% 5% 17%
(2) 8% 8% 8% 8% 11%
(3) 25% 23% 25% 25% 28%
(4) 32% 34% 32% 34% 24%
High Priority (5) 28% 32% 27% 28% 20%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
98
Q32. (cont.)
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Food distribution and trips to food pantries
Low Priority (1) 13% 7% 15% 12% 25%
(2) 12% 9% 13% 12% 16%
(3) 26% 23% 26% 27% 27%
(4) 26% 26% 26% 27% 20%
High Priority (5) 23% 35% 20% 22% 12%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Grandparent raising grandchildren support group
Low Priority (1) 23% 17% 24% 23% 31%
(2) 19% 16% 20% 21% 15%
(3) 31% 36% 30% 29% 33%
(4) 15% 15% 15% 17% 8%
High Priority (5) 12% 16% 11% 10% 13%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Health and wellness programs (e.g., flu shot clinics)
Low Priority (1) 6% 7% 6% 5% 8%
(2) 4% 4% 4% 3% 8%
(3) 19% 19% 19% 19% 21%
(4) 32% 31% 32% 33% 26%
High Priority (5) 39% 39% 39% 40% 37%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
99
Q32. (cont.)
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Health insurance counseling (e.g., S.H.I.N.E.)
Low Priority (1) 8% 5% 9% 7% 13%
(2) 4% 4% 4% 5% 3%
(3) 18% 17% 18% 16% 22%
(4) 28% 30% 27% 29% 20%
High Priority (5) 42% 44% 42% 43% 42%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Home and personal safety (e.g., File of Life, Safety Assessment)
Low Priority (1) 8% 9% 8% 7% 11%
(2) 6% 7% 6% 6% 6%
(3) 27% 23% 28% 27% 32%
(4) 32% 31% 32% 34% 23%
High Priority (5) 27% 30% 26% 26% 28%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Information, referral & outreach
Low Priority (1) 7% 6% 7% 6% 14%
(2) 8% 5% 8% 8% 11%
(3) 27% 28% 26% 25% 30%
(4) 30% 31% 31% 33% 18%
High Priority (5) 28% 30% 28% 28% 27%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
100
Q32. (cont.)
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Intergenerational programs
Low Priority (1) 16% 15% 16% 14% 24%
(2) 18% 9% 21% 20% 21%
(3) 40% 47% 38% 39% 34%
(4) 15% 15% 15% 16% 12%
High Priority (5) 11% 14% 10% 11% 9%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
LGBTQ programming
Low Priority (1) 26% 25% 26% 23% 39%
(2) 17% 14% 18% 19% 13%
(3) 34% 40% 33% 34% 27%
(4) 14% 13% 14% 14% 15%
High Priority (5) 9% 8% 9% 10% 6%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Medical equipment loan & beach access wheelchair
Low Priority (1) 9% 5% 9% 8% 16%
(2) 10% 12% 10% 10% 12%
(3) 25% 30% 24% 25% 21%
(4) 29% 25% 29% 30% 24%
High Priority (5) 27% 28% 27% 27% 27%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
101
Q32. (cont.)
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Mental health counseling and support
Low Priority (1) 10% 8% 11% 9% 21%
(2) 8% 8% 8% 8% 6%
(3) 23% 24% 23% 23% 23%
(4) 33% 27% 34% 35% 29%
High Priority (5) 26% 33% 24% 25% 21%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Lunch at the COA and Meals on Wheels
Low Priority (1) 9% 5% 10% 8% 17%
(2) 7% 7% 7% 8% 4%
(3) 22% 23% 22% 21% 27%
(4) 27% 25% 28% 30% 17%
High Priority (5) 35% 40% 33% 33% 35%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Outdoor exercise activities
Low Priority (1) 8% 4% 9% 8% 15%
(2) 9% 10% 9% 9% 9%
(3) 32% 31% 31% 29% 42%
(4) 29% 34% 28% 30% 17%
High Priority (5) 22% 21% 23% 24% 17%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
102
Q32. (cont.)
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Part-time employment placement
Low Priority (1) 13% 6% 14% 13% 23%
(2) 15% 10% 16% 15% 17%
(3) 32% 34% 32% 32% 30%
(4) 25% 32% 23% 25% 17%
High Priority (5) 15% 18% 15% 15% 13%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Professional services (e.g., tax, legal, & financial)
Low Priority (1) 7% 2% 8% 7% 13%
(2) 6% 5% 6% 6% 3%
(3) 24% 28% 23% 23% 24%
(4) 35% 40% 34% 35% 30%
High Priority (5) 28% 25% 29% 29% 30%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Shared interest groups (e.g., music, art, hobbies)
Low Priority (1) 7% 6% 7% 6% 12%
(2) 8% 11% 7% 7% 7%
(3) 33% 35% 33% 33% 33%
(4) 32% 27% 33% 34% 28%
High Priority (5) 20% 21% 20% 20% 20%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
103
Q32. (cont.)
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Social activities
Low Priority (1) 7% 6% 7% 5% 15%
(2) 8% 7% 8% 8% 8%
(3) 35% 38% 34% 35% 31%
(4) 31% 27% 32% 33% 25%
High Priority (5) 19% 22% 19% 19% 21%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Support groups
Low Priority (1) 18% 13% 19% 18% 25%
(2) 10% 12% 8% 10% 3%
(3) 30% 29% 30% 31% 24%
(4) 20% 20% 21% 20% 24%
High Priority (5) 22% 26% 22% 21% 24%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Technology training (e.g., computer help)
Low Priority (1) 9% 11% 8% 7% 15%
(2) 8% 9% 8% 7% 14%
(3) 32% 35% 32% 33% 26%
(4) 32% 25% 33% 35% 25%
High Priority (5) 19% 20% 19% 18% 20%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
104
Q32. (cont.)
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Transportation (B-bus, volunteer drivers, medical van)
Low Priority (1) 6% 4% 7% 6% 11%
(2) 4% 3% 4% 4% 6%
(3) 15% 18% 14% 13% 15%
(4) 28% 23% 29% 29% 28%
High Priority (5) 47% 52% 46% 48% 40%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Trips and outings
Low Priority (1) 7% 5% 7% 6% 11%
(2) 11% 9% 12% 12% 10%
(3) 35% 37% 34% 34% 36%
(4) 30% 31% 30% 31% 26%
High Priority (5) 17% 18% 17% 17% 17%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Volunteer opportunities
Low Priority (1) 7% 5% 8% 7% 11%
(2) 11% 14% 10% 10% 12%
(3) 35% 40% 33% 32% 38%
(4) 24% 21% 25% 27% 17%
High Priority (5) 23% 20% 24% 24% 22%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
105
Q33. What other programs or services not currently offered through the Town of
Brewster Council on Aging would you like to see available?
See text for summary of write-in responses.
Q34. Do you currently use programs or services offered by the Town of Brewster
Council on Aging?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Yes 24% 8% 28% 24% 44%
No 76% 92% 72% 76% 56%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
Q35. [If No on question 34]: What is the reason that you do not currently use
programs or services offered by the Town of Brewster Council on Aging? (Check all
that apply)*
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
I am not interested 26% 11% 29% 29% 31%
I am not old enough 26% 67% 16% 19% 1%
I do not identify with
the word "senior"
21% 27% 19% 21% 7%
Other 38% 16% 44% 43% 54%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category
Note: Respondents could choose all that apply; therefore, columns do not add to 100%.
106
Q36. Thinking about the activities and services offered by the Brewster COA, please
rate your preference for each arrangement:
All Ages* Age 45-59 Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
All COA services and activities being located in a single building
Not at all preferred (1) 10% 17% 9% 8% 11%
(2) 6% 8% 6% 5% 7%
(3) 20% 20% 19% 22% 10%
(4) 19% 18% 19% 20% 15%
Highly preferred (5) 45% 37% 47% 45% 57%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
COA services and activities being held at various dedicated locations throughout Brewster
Not at all preferred (1) 24% 23% 24% 22% 35%
(2) 17% 22% 15% 16% 15%
(3) 33% 25% 35% 34% 35%
(4) 18% 22% 18% 19% 10%
Highly preferred (5) 8% 8% 8% 9% 5%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
COA services and activities located in space shared with other groups and organizations
Not at all preferred (1) 20% 16% 21% 18% 32%
(2) 15% 13% 15% 15% 16%
(3) 35% 37% 35% 35% 31%
(4) 18% 20% 18% 20% 11%
Highly preferred (5) 12% 14% 11% 12% 10%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
107
Q36 cont.
All Ages* Age 45-59 Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Intergenerational activities co-sponsored by the COA and other groups
Not at all preferred (1) 15% 10% 16% 13% 31%
(2) 17% 16% 17% 16% 18%
(3) 31% 33% 31% 33% 24%
(4) 19% 20% 19% 20% 13%
Highly preferred (5) 18% 21% 17% 18% 14%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Q37. Many towns offer a Social Adult Day Care program through their Council on
Aging. Social Adult Day Care provides fee-based daytime supervision and care for
adults, often seniors with dementia, in a small group setting. These programs are
frequently helpful in providing a break for caregivers. To what degree do you favor or
oppose offering a Social Adult Day Care program in Brewster?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Strongly favor 44% 48% 43% 42% 45%
Favor 36% 31% 37% 37% 36%
Neither favor nor oppose 19% 20% 19% 20% 19%
Oppose <1% 0% <1% 1% 0%
Strongly oppose <1% 1% <1% <1% 0%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
108
Q38. Below, please check all factors that would increase the likelihood of your using
the Brewster COA programs and services more often: (Check all that apply)*
I would be more likely to
use Brewster programs
and services…
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
If transportation options
to Senior Center were
more convenient
7% 15% 6% 5% 9%
If I had more knowledge
about programs and
services that are available
41% 41% 41% 46% 24%
If the hours of the Senior
Center were more
convenient
6% 9% 5% 5% 6%
If the programs were
offered in a single level
building
11% 5% 12% 11% 17%
If it were easier to enter
the Senior Center
building (e.g., more
accessible parking)
10% 9% 10% 9% 14%
If there were
handicapped accessible
bathrooms on all floors of
the Senior Center
building
6% 7% 6% 5% 8%
If there were more
people like myself at
Senior Center events
27% 26% 27% 28% 25%
If there were other
improvements to the
services and programs
9% 5% 10% 10% 11%
If there were other
improvements to the
Senior Center building
13% 3% 15% 14% 19%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category
Note: Respondents could choose all that apply; therefore, columns do not add to 100%.
109
Q39. Have you ever traveled to senior centers in other towns to participate in their
programs?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Yes 27% 10% 30% 26% 45%
No 73% 90% 70% 74% 55%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
Q40. If “Yes” on Question 39, which town(s) have you traveled to for programs?
See text for summary of write-in responses.
Q41. In the future, how likely are you to participate in programs and services offered
by the Brewster Council on Aging?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Very Likely 20% 15% 21% 20% 29%
Somewhat Likely 33% 29% 34% 34% 30%
Unsure 35% 40% 34% 35% 30%
Somewhat Unlikely 5% 8% 5% 5% 4%
Very Unlikely 7% 8% 6% 6% 7%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
110
Q42. How satisfied are you with the programs and services offered through the
Brewster Council on Aging?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Completely Satisfied 10% 9% 10% 8% 17%
Very Satisfied 32% 28% 33% 31% 38%
Somewhat Satisfied 44% 46% 44% 46% 34%
Slightly Satisfied 11% 13% 10% 11% 8%
Not at All Satisfied 3% 4% 3% 4% 3%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
Q43. Where would you prefer to find information about the activities and services
offered by the Brewster Council on Aging? (Check all that apply)
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
COA newsletter (Bayside
Chatter)
55% 39% 59% 54% 77%
Cable TV (Channel 18) 15% 17% 14% 14% 17%
Radio 12% 13% 12% 12% 13%
Local community
newspapers (Cape
Codder, Cape Cod Times)
61% 57% 62% 64% 57%
Facebook (or other social
media sites)
17% 31% 14% 17% 4%
Town of Brewster
website
48% 69% 44% 52% 18%
Other 6% 9% 5% 6% 2%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category
Note: Respondents could choose all that apply; therefore, columns do not add to 100%.
111
Section IX: Demographic Information
Q44. Please select your gender.
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Male 39% 31% 40% 41% 37%
Female 61% 69% 605 59% 63%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
Q45. What is your age range?
All Ages 45 to 59 60 to 69 70 to 79 80 to 89 90+
Total % 100% 17% 34% 30% 16% 3%
# of respondents 887* 150 306 265 140 26
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
Q46. Do you live in the Town of Brewster year-round?
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
Yes 97% 100% 97% 96% 98%
No 3% 0% 3% 4% 2%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category.
112
Q47. Was there any time in the past 12 months when you did not have money for the
following necessities? (Check all that apply)
All Ages* Age 45 to
59
Age 60+ Age 60-79 Age 80+
N/A, I did not lack money 81% 75% 83% 84% 78%
Pay rent, mortgage, real
estate taxes
5% 8% 4% 4% 3%
Pay for medical needs
(e.g., prescriptions)
4% 6% 3% 4% 2%
Pay for car repairs or
home repairs
7% 15% 6% 6% 7%
Pay utility bills (e.g., oil or
electricity)
4% 11% 2% 2% 3%
Buy food 3% 7% 2% 3% <1%
Other 3% 6% 3% 3% 2%
*Includes respondents who did not provide their age category
Note: Respondents could choose all that apply; therefore, columns do not add to 100%.
Q48. If you have any other thoughts or comments about the Town of Brewster
Council on Aging, or about current or future needs of older residents in Brewster,
please include them here:
See text for summary of write-in responses.
113
TOWN OF BREWSTER
COUNCIL ON AGING
1673 Main Street
Brewster, MA 02631
Phone 508.896.2737
http://brewster-ma.gov/council-on-aging
UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON
GERONTOLOGY INSTITUTE
100 Morrissey Boulevard
Boston, MA 02125-3393
Phone 617.287.7300
www.umb.edu/demographyofaging
CENTER FOR SOCIAL & DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH ON AGING
4-16 UMass Brewster Cover_Back.pdf 1 4/19/16 1:39 PM
Center for Social & Demographic Research on Aging
Gerontology Institute
John W. McCormack Graduate School of Policy & Global Studies
University of Massachusetts Boston
The Future of Aging in the Town of Brewster:
Brewster Council on Aging Needs Assessment Study
4-16 UMass Brewster_Cover.indd 1 4/19/16 5:59 PM